VIOLENCIA POLÍTICO-ELECTORAL EN GUATEMALA. Análisis De
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Guatemalan Society Faces Difficult Dilemma Electing a President
Guatemalan Society Faces Difficult Dilemma Electing a President Supreme Electoral Tribunal in Guatemala called for general elections officially on May 2, 2015. Ahead of the election, the La Linea corruption case involving high-ranking officials of the outgoing administration, including President Otto Pérez Molina and Vice President Roxana Baldetti, was made public. The Vice President resigned in May and was arrested on fraud charges in August. More than a dozen ministers and deputy ministers as well as a number of government officials also resigned. Less than a week before the election, President Pérez was also stripped of his immunity, resigned and was arrested. Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre acts as head of state until a new president is sworn into office. On Sunday, October 25, voters will have to choose between a pallid right wing headed by of the former First Lady Sandra Torres, of the National Unity for Hope, and on the other hand Jimmy Morales, of the National Unity Movement, and puppet of a former military group which still dreams of full control of the nation’s society. In the case of Sandra Torres, she already has had a taste of power when her husband, Alvaro Colom, headed a presidency that promised much but gave virtually nothing, especially to the most needy sectors of the Guatemalan society such as the indigenous peoples, with the highest indicators of disease, ignorance and malnutrition and poverty. On his part, candidate Morales is benefiting from the corruption scandal that sent to prison President Otto Pèrez Molina and his wife, Roxana Baldetti. As a new face in the Guatemalan political scene, candidate Morales has grabbed the intention to vote from tens of thousands of indignant Guatemalan voters over prevailing corruption and open graft, which also extends to the congressional ranks. -
Alejandro Giammattei, a New Face Backed by the Same Old Criminal Networks
No Relief in Sight: Alejandro Giammattei, a new face backed by the same old criminal networks January 15, 2020 GHRC President-elect Alejandro Giammattei took office yesterday in Guatemala City. He was never expected to win. After three unsuccessful presidential bids, Giammattei made the runoff Presidential election in August by just one percentage point and only after three candidates had been eliminated through legal actions. His only experience in public office was a 2004-2008 stint as National Prisons Director. In 2010, he was charged with the extrajudicial Alejandro Giammattei became Guatemala’s president January 14; he execution of seven inmates is a champion of retired military officers and extractive industries. under his watch. Though others indicted on related charges were convicted, charges against Giammattei were eventually dismissed by a judge who was later sanctioned as a result of corruption charges, though not in relation to Giamatti’s trial. Giammattei comes to the presidency backed by a group of hard-line former military officers reportedly associated with the sector that opposed the peace process that ended Guatemala’s 36- year civil war. Many are also associated with industries that extract resources from rural communities – often with US, Canadian and European investment - a sector Giammattei has pledged to promote. Some are active members of organizations that have promoted dozens of malicious lawsuits intended to stop the work of public prosecutors, judges, experts, and human rights defenders who contribute to ending impunity for corruption, ongoing human rights abuses, and crimes against humanity carried out during Guatemala’s civil war. Giammattei won 13.9% of the votes in the June 16, 2019 general election, taking second place to former first lady Sandra Torres’ 25.53%. -
Crisis Institucional
Crisis institucional, análisis y pronunciamientos Con el propósito de ofrecer a las y los lectores de la Revista Análisis de la Realidad Nacional una visión panorámica de cómo se está analizando la actual crisis nacional, a continuación se ofrece una selección de posicionamientos institucionales, editoriales y columnas de opinión, publicadas recientemente. “ID Y ENSEÑAD A TODOS“ IPNUSAC Crisis institucional, análisis y pronunciamientos Pronunciamientos Representantes y autoridades estudiantiles de la USAC Ante el Clamor Popular Guatemala 29 de mayo de 2015 Sr. Otto Fernando Pérez Molina. Presidente de la República de Guatemala. Presidente. Como representantes y autoridades estudiantiles de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, siguiendo nuestra obligación de ser portavoces del clamor del movimiento estudiantil le hacemos saber: Que considerando que Guatemala es un país que ha sufrido grandes tragedias en el transcurrir de la historia, las cuales han dañado profundamente a sus habitantes, quienes en su gran mayoría son trabajadores, personas pobres a quienes no es justo dañar con un gobierno corrupto y ladrón que les sigue despojando de sus recursos y oportunidades de progreso. Por lo cual queremos hacer de su conocimiento la siguiente demanda: En vista de que una buena cantidad de las personas de su entera confianza a quienes usted llevó al ejecutivo como funcionarios, se han visto involucrados en actos de corrupción y saqueo a las arcas del Estado, nos unimos a la exigencia, a la petición ciudadana, y gremiales para pedir su renuncia. Esperando que usted atienda nuestra demanda, de manera madura debe separarse del cargo ya que es evidente que no pudo desempeñar satisfactoriamente su labor 2 IPNUSAC Crisis institucional, análisis y pronunciamientos 3 IPNUSAC Crisis institucional, análisis y pronunciamientos Defensa del orden constitucional Consejo Superior Universitario CSU Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala El Consejo Superior Universitario 1. -
The International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala Wola a Wola Report on the Cicig Experience
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION AGAINST IMPUNITY IN GUATEMALA WOLA A WOLA REPORT ON THE CICIG EXPERIENCE THE CICIG: AN INNOVATIVE INSTRUMENT FOR FIGHTING CRIMINAL REPORT ORGANIZATIONS AND STRENGTHENING THE RULE OF LAW 6/2015 THE WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA KEY FINDINGS: FORCES THAT OPERATED DURING THE 1960-1996 ARMED CONFLICT. The Guatemalan state did not dismantle these counterinsurgency forces after the 1996 peace accords, allowing for their evolution into organized crime and organized corruption. These transformed entities co-opted state institutions to operate with impunity and achieve their illicit goals. They continue to threaten Guatemalan governability and rule of law. UNIQUE TO GUATEMALA. These parallel structures of repression have morphed into organized crime groups in many countries that have endured armed conflicts. LA COMISIÓN INTERNACIONAL CONTRA LA IMPUNIDAD EN GUATEMALA, CICIG) IS A UNIQUE MODEL OF COOPERATION FOR In contrast to other international mechanisms, the CICIG is an independent investigative entity that operates under Guatemalan law and works alongside the Guatemalan justice system. As a result, it works hand in hand with the country’s judiciary and security institutions, building their capacities in the process. The CICIG has passed and implemented important legislative reforms; provided fundamental tools for the investigation and prosecution of organized crime that the country had previously lacked; and removed public officials that had been colluding -
Guatemala: Corruption, Uncertainty Mar August 2019 Elections
Updated July 5, 2019 Guatemala: Corruption, Uncertainty Mar August 2019 Elections Guatemala held national elections for president, the entire system (2006-2008) during the Óscar Berger 158-seat congress, 340 mayors, and other local posts on administration. Over the past 20 years, he has run for June 16, 2019. The list of candidates on the ballot was president four times with four different parties. In 2010, the finalized one week before voting. Candidates were still CICIG and the attorney general’s office charged him with being ruled ineligible—some due to corruption participating in extrajudicial killings. He was acquitted in allegations—and appealing rulings in early June. Elements 2012 after the courts determined that the case against him of the government allowed some candidates to run and lacked sufficient evidence. impeded the registrations of others. Such uncertainty likely will lead many to question the outcome. UNE won the largest share of congressional seats, but with 44 out of 160 seats, it will still lack a majority. Fifteen Since none of the 19 presidential candidates won the first parties split the other seats, indicating political gridlock is round with more than 50% of the vote, the top two likely to continue and reform likely will be limited. candidates will compete in a second round on August 11. The winner is due to be inaugurated in January 2020. Some Guatemala 2019 Presidential Candidates: 7.6 million Guatemalans have registered to vote in this Determining Who Was Eligible year’s elections. Guatemala’s Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) is an important part of Guatemala’s democracy, as it organizes Corruption is once again a primary concern for voters. -
Freedom in the World, Guatemala
4/30/2020 Guatemala | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 Guatemala 52 PARTLY FREE /100 Political Rights 21 /40 Civil Liberties 31 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 53 /100 Partly Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. https://freedomhouse.org/country/guatemala/freedom-world/2020 1/18 4/30/2020 Guatemala | Freedom House Overview While Guatemala holds regular elections that are generally free, organized crime and corruption severely impact the functioning of government. Violence and criminal extortion schemes are serious problems, and victims have little recourse to justice. Journalists, activists, and public officials who confront crime, corruption, and other sensitive issues risk attack. Key Developments in 2019 Outgoing president Jimmy Morales attempted to unilaterally shut the UN- backed International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) in January, but his effort was halted by the Constitutional Court. CICIG closed when its mandate expired in September. Alejandro Giammattei was elected president in August after defeating former first lady Sandra Torres in a runoff; he will take office in 2020. In September, Torres was arrested for underreporting contributions for her 2015 presidential bid; her case was continuing at year’s end. In July, Guatemala signed an agreement with the United States that forces asylum seekers traveling through the country to apply there first. The first asylum seeker forced to travel to Guatemala under the agreement was sent from the United States in November. In September, the government declared of a state of siege in the northeast, after three soldiers died in a clash with drug traffickers. -
1 REPORT to the PERMANENT COUNCIL1 Electoral Observation Mission – Guatemala Presidential, Legislative, Municipal, and Central
REPORT TO THE PERMANENT COUNCIL1 Electoral Observation Mission – Guatemala Presidential, Legislative, Municipal, and Central American Parliamentary Elections September 6 and October 25, 2015 Ambassador Ronald Michael Sanders, Chairman of the Permanent Council Ambassador Luis Raúl Estévez López, Permanent Representative of Guatemala to the OAS Luis Almagro, Secretary General Néstor Méndez, Assistant Secretary General Representatives of Member States and Permanent Observers to the OAS Background On March 16, 2015, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) of Guatemala requested that the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States (OAS) send an Electoral Observation Mission (EOM) to Guatemala for the general elections to be held on September 6 of that year. At these elections, Guatemalan citizens were to elect the President and Vice-President of the Republic, 158 Deputies to the National Congress, 338 Municipal Councils [Corporaciones Municipales], and 20 Deputies for the Central American Parliament. The OAS General Secretariat accepted the request, and Secretary General Luis Almagro appointed Juan Pablo Corlazzoli to head the Mission. A total of 7,556,873 Guatemalans were declared eligible to vote at 19,582 polling stations set up throughout the country. For the presidential elections, 14 pairs of candidates registered to compete for the highest post in the country. The Guatemalan electoral process promised to be complicated. Corruption cases involving top government officials, accusations levelled at candidates at various levels, and an empowered citizenry which took to the streets to hold peaceful demonstrations and express their discontent over the acts of corruption and the political system were some of the elements permeating the election process. On April 16, 2015, the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) released a report on the case known as “La Línea,” in which it implicated high government officials. -
Luchas Sociales Y Partidos Políticos En Guatemala
LUCHAS SOCIALES Y PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS EN GUATEMALA Sergio Guerra Vilaboy Primera edición, 2016 Escuela de Ciencia Política de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (ECP) Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos “Manuel Galich” (CELAT) de la ECP Cátedra “Manuel Galich”, Universidad de La Habana (ULH) ISBN Presentación de la edición guatemalteca Para la Escuela de Ciencia Política (ECP) de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC), es una gran satisfacción reeditar un libro que, aunque se escribió hace más de treinta años, no ha perdido su vigencia y, además, ahora se actualiza mediante un apéndice que vuelve a poner en evidencia el rigor científico de su autor, el historiador y profesor cubano, Sergio Guerra Vilaboy. A este libro le fue otorgado el Premio Ensayo, de la Universidad de La Habana, en 1983, lo cual expresa la calidad analítica que está en la base del lúcido enfoque que el autor hace de las dinámicas sociales y partidis- tas de nuestra sociedad, cuando recrea momentos decisivos de nuestro proceso conformador como un país que lucha por ser soberano en el marco de la hegemonía y la dominación geopolítica continental de Es- tados Unidos. Para la ECP, publicar una investigación científica como esta en un mo- mento de crisis de Estado (posiblemente la peor de los últimos treinta años) implica contribuir a la generación de un necesario pensamiento crítico que sirva de base para poder ver de nuevo con esperanza hacia el futuro. Nuestra Escuela, por medio de su Centro de Estudios Latinoa- mericanos “Manuel Galich”, reedita este libro necesario con la esperan- za de que, por medio del ejercicio responsable de las ciencias sociales, nuestros estudiantes y profesores desarrollen su criticidad analítica y su organicidad con los intereses de nuestras mayorías. -
Guatemala Incontext
Guatemala in Context 2018 edition Guatemala in Context 1 ¡Bienvenidos y Bienvenidas! Welcome to Guatemala, a resilient and diverse country brimming with life. Aristotle advises, “If you would understand anything, observe its beginning and its development.” With this in mind, we invite you to embark on a brief journey through Guatemala’s intricate history. As you explore these pages, let go of your preconceptions and watch Guatemala come to life. Reach out and touch the vivid tapestry that is Guatemala. Observe and appreciate the country’s unique and legendary beauty, but don’t stop there. Accept the challenge to look beyond the breathtaking landscapes and rich culture. Look closer. Notice the holes, rips, and snags—tragedy, corruption, and injustice—that consistently work their way into the cloth of Guatemala’s history. Run your fingers over these imperfections. They are as much a part of the weaving as the colorful strings and elaborate patterns, but the heart of the fabric is pliable and resilient. Guatemala hasn’t faded or unraveled over time because the threads of hope are always tightly woven in. We invite you to Published by CEDEPCA Guatemala © become an active participant in working for change, weaving threads of hope and peace, in Guatemala. General Coordinator: Judith Castañeda Edited by: Leslie Vogel, Judith Castañeda, Nancy Carrera Updated by: Hector Castañeda and Kevin Moya Layout and design by: Emerson Morales, Arnoldo Aguilar and Luis Sarpec Revised May 2018 Guatemala 2 in Context 3 Key Moments of Guatemala’s History HOPE1 In the darkest, most sordid, There is a book by Edelberto Torres Rivas, entitled “Interpretation hostile, bitter, of the Central American Social Development”. -
Guatemala 2019 Human Rights Report
GUATEMALA 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Guatemala is a multiparty constitutional republic. In 2016 James Ernesto Morales Cabrera of the National Convergence Front party was sworn into office for a four- year term as president. On August 11, Alejandro Giammattei was elected president for a four-year term set to begin on January 14, 2020. International observers considered the presidential election held in 2019 as generally free and fair. The National Civil Police (PNC), which is overseen by the Ministry of Government and headed by a director general appointed by the minister, is responsible for law enforcement and maintenance of order in the country. The Ministry of National Defense oversees the military, which focuses primarily on operations in defense of the country, but the government also used the army in internal security and policing as permitted by the constitution. The defense ministry completed its drawdown of 4,500 personnel from street patrols to concentrate its forces on the borders in 2018. Civilian authorities at times did not maintain effective control over the security forces. Significant human rights issues included: harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; substantial problems with the independence of the judiciary, including malicious litigation and irregularities in the judicial selection process; widespread corruption; trafficking in persons; crimes involving violence or threats thereof targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons, persons with disabilities, and members of other minority groups; and use of forced or compulsory or child labor. Corruption and inadequate investigations made prosecution difficult. The government was criticized by civil society for refusing to renew the International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala’s (CICIG) mandate, which expired on September 3. -
The End of the CICIG Era
1 The End of the CICIG Era An Analysis of the: Outcomes Challenges Lessons Learned Douglas Farah – President - IBI Consultants Proprietary IBI Consultants Research Product 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................5 IMPORTANT POINTS OF MENTION FROM LESSONS LEARNED ...........................................7 OVERVIEW AND REGIONAL CONTEXT ....................................................................................8 THE CICIG EXPERIMENT .......................................................................................................... 11 HISTORY ....................................................................................................................................... 14 THE CICIG’S MANDATE ............................................................................................................. 17 THE ROLE AS A COMPLEMENTARY PROSECUTOR OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL ............................. 21 THE IMPACT OF THE CICIG ON CRIMINAL GROUPS ........................................................................ 24 THE CHALLENGES OF THE THREE COMMISSIONERS ........................................................ 27 CASTRESANA: THE BEGINNING ....................................................................................................... 28 DALL’ANESE: THE MIDDLE............................................................................................................ -
Guatemala: Del Estado Burocrático-Autoritario Al Estado Fragmentado
Working Paper Guatemala: del Estado burocrático-autoritario al Estado fragmentado (Guatemala: From the authoritarian bureaucratic state to the fragmented state) Edgar Balsells, Ph.D. Elena Díez Pinto, Ph.D. © 2019 Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy This material may be quoted or reproduced without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given to the author and Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy. Wherever feasible, papers are reviewed by outside experts before they are released. However, the research and views expressed in this paper are those of the individual researcher(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Baker Institute. This paper is a work in progress and has not been submitted for editorial review. Índice Introducción ................................................................................................................................... i I. Desarrollo histórico y políticas públicas (1944-1985) .............................................................. 1 1.1 La primavera guatemalteca y la guerra fría (1944-1954) .................................................................. 1 1.2 El Estado Burocrático Autoritario (1954-1985) .................................................................................. 1 1.3 Actores protagonistas del período ......................................................................................................... 4 i. El gobierno de Estados Unidos y su Embajada en Guatemala ........................................