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Acutipetala Gen. Nov., a New Genus of Funnel-Web Spiders from Northern Thailand (Araneae, Agelenidae)

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Acutipetala Gen. Nov., a New Genus of Funnel-Web Spiders from Northern Thailand (Araneae, Agelenidae) ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 25: 546–553 (2008) © 2008 Zoological Society of Japan Acutipetala gen. nov., a New Genus of Funnel-Web Spiders from Northern Thailand (Araneae, Agelenidae) Pakawin Dankittipakul1* and Zhi-Sheng Zhang2 1Insect Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2College of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China A new funnel-web spider genus, Acutipetala gen. nov., is erected to accommodate two new agelenid species known to occur in evergreen forests of northern Thailand: Acutipetala octoginta sp. nov. (type species,♂♀) and A. donglini sp. nov. (♂). The genus is established on the basis of the dis- tinctive appearance of the genital structures, in which the median apophysis of the male palp is petal-shaped, sharply pointed, and strongly sclerotized, and the truncate embolus is short, origi- nates subapically, and is provided with a hook-shaped apical portion. Key words: taxonomy, zoogeography, Southeast Asia, new species, evergreen tropical forests temperature is less than 20°C (Dankittipakul, 2002). INTRODUCTION Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757), which is considered The spider family Agelenidae C. L. Koch, 1837 is repre- cosmopolitan (Platnick, 2007), was also reported from sented by approximately 40 genera and about 500 nominal Southeast Asia (Murphy and Murphy, 2000), but it has not species (Platnick, 2007). Its center of distribution lies in tem- been collected in Thailand. The occurrence of Acutipetala perate regions of the northern hemisphere, with a consider- gen. nov. in tropical forests of Thailand is of interest and able number of the described genera and species occurring adds another genus to the family, which currently encom- in the southern hemisphere (Platnick, 2007). Although the passes approximately 41 valid genera distributed almost currently valid New Zealand cribellate Agelenidae may be exclusively in the Holarctic (Platnick, 2007). misplaced, there is no appropriate alternative at present (Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006). MATERIALS AND METHODS Spiders of the family Agelenidae have a distinctive pref- Morphological characters were examined, measured, and erence for the cooler regions of the world, including moun- drawn with Olympus SZX-9 and Olympus CX-31 microscopes tainous areas in tropical Southeast Asia. The majority of equipped with a drawing tube. Photographs were taken and trans- nominal species reported from Asia are known from the tem- ferred to Adobe Photoshop CS2 for adjustment. All measurements perate zone of China, India, Korea, and Japan (Barman, are in millimeters. Measurements of leg articles were taken from the 1979; Reddy and Patel, 1992; Song et al., 1999; Tanikawa, dorsal side. The epigyne was drawn in the natural and cleared (after 2005; Tikader, 1969, 1970; Uyemura, 1936; Zhang et al., immersion in 90% lactic acid for 30–60 minutes) states. The material examined is deposited in the spider collection of 2005, 2006; Xu and Li, 2007). Surprisingly, the agelenid the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève (MHNG), species previously described from Southeast Asia include Switzerland, and the Natural History Museum (TNHM), National representatives of only three genera: Tegenaria Latreille, Science Museum, Technopolis, Klong 5, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 1804; Agelena Walckenaer, 1805; and Allagelena Zhang, Province, Thailand. Zhu & Song, 2006. Except for Agelena limbata Thorell, Abbreviations used in the text and figures are as follows: AER, 1897, which is known from China, Korea, Myanmar, and anterior eye row; ALE, anterior lateral eyes; AME, anterior median Japan, the following species have not been reported since eyes; BS, basal swelling of cymbium; C, conductor; DC, dorsal their original descriptions: Tegenaria chebana Thorell, 1897, apophysis of conductor; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; GO, from Myanmar; Agelena doris Hogg, 1922, and A. tenuis genital orifice; ID, insemination duct; LTA, lateral tibial apophysis; Hogg, 1922, from Vietnam; and Allagelena monticola Chami- MA, median apophysis; MOQ, median ocular quadrangle; MS, median plate of epigyne; PER, posterior eye row; PLE, posterior Kranon, Likhitrakarn & Dankittipakul, 2007, from Thailand. lateral eyes; PME, posterior median eyes; RTA, retrolateral tibial The Agelenidae previously known from Thailand belong apophysis; SP, spermathecae. to the genera Tegenaria and Allagelena (Chami-Kranon et In text ‘Fig.’ and ‘Figs.’ refer to figures herein, while ‘fig.’ and al., 2007; Dankittipakul, 2002). Tegenaria cf. aculeata ‘figs.’ refer to figures published elsewhere. Wang, 1992, was recorded from evergreen hill forests of Doi Inthanon National Park, where the mean minimum annual TAXONOMY * Corresponding author. Phone: +66-53-943346 ext 1435; Agelenidae C. L. Koch, 1837 Fax : +66-53-892959; Acutipetala gen. nov. E-mail : [email protected] Type species. Acutipetala octoginta sp. nov. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.546 Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the New Genus of Funnel-Web Spiders 547 Latin acutus (sharpened; past participle of acuere, to Legs long and slender; coxa and femur covered with sharpen) and the Greek petalon, leaf. The gender is feminine. long ventral hairs, occupying half femoral length; metatarsus Diagnosis. Representatives of Acutipetala gen. nov. and tarsus clothed with numerous setae; leg formula 4=123; can be recognized by the following combination of charac- leg I, IV almost subequal, length III shortest; trochanter ters: medium-sized spiders (total length 6.7–8.8); both eye weekly notched; tarsi and metatarsi with a row of short tri- rows strongly procurved (Figs. 7, 11); chilum membranous, chobothria, gradually increasing distally in length. Spination divided; chelicerae with three promarginal and three or four varies among species and individuals. Tarsi with three claws retromarginal teeth (Figs. 4, 9); male palp lacking patellar (Fig. 12); paired tarsal claws with 11 teeth; unpaired tarsal apophysis; palpal tibia with two apophyses, a retrolateral claw with five proximal teeth, basal tooth triangular, small tibial apophysis comprising a broad, flat, strongly sclerotized and short. Scopula absent. plate extending far beyond tibia (Figs. 14, 16, 20–23), and a Opisthosoma elongate oval, covered with short, black lateral tibial apophysis that is modified, large and protruding and white setae. Dorsum of opisthosoma with pattern con- (Figs. 14, 16, 21, 23); retromargin of cymbium swollen sisting of a dark reddish brown folium on reddish back- basally (Figs. 14, 21); embolus robust, originating subapi- ground together with a series of paired pale spots (Figs. 1, cally, with terminal portion sharply pointed (Figs. 14, 17) or 2). Venter pale, provided with dark brown patches forming twisted (Fig. 21); conductor membranous, provided with U-shaped pattern (Fig. 5). sclerotized dorsal apophysis (Figs. 14–16, 21, 22); median Spinnerets (Figs. 3, 6, 13): cololus reduced into two apophysis strongly sclerotized, petal shaped, sharply groups of long and curved bristles. Anterior lateral spin- pointed (Figs. 14–16, 20–22). Female epigyne represented nerets (ALS) conical, widely separated, clearly biarticulated, by a large sclerotized plate with a pair of anterior epigynal apical segment short, provided with one major ampullate teeth and a broad median sclerite (Fig. 18); atrium indistinct; gland spigot at mesal margin, surrounded by 30–40 piriform spermathecae rounded, heavily sclerotized (Fig. 19). gland spigots. Posterior median spinnerets (PMS) entirely Members of Acutipetala gen. nov. are very similar in general membranous, faintly biarticulate, with three minor ampullate appearance, and no separation of species is possible on this gland spigots and eight to ten aciniform gland spigots. Pos- basis. The male palpal organ contains the only reliable char- terior lateral spinnerets (PLS) distinctly longer than total acters for species determination. length of ALS, with thin, acuminate apical segment tapering Description. Ecribellate spider. Medium sized, total towards tip, twice as long as basal segment, basally with a length 6.7–7.1 (male) and 7.5–8.8 (female). Prosoma (Figs. group of 3–6 cylindrical gland spigots, 6–8 pairs aciniform 1, 2) elongate, widest between coxae II–III, attenuated in gland spigots situated along lateral margins interspersed front, long and narrow in ocular region; in profile highest in with pulmate hairs. Median spiracle situated ahead of spin- thoracic part (Fig. 8), gradually sloping toward cephalic part. nerets. Longitudinal fovea moderately depressed, occupying about Male genitalia: palpal femur long, with two strong spines half of carapace length (Figs. 1, 2). Cervical groove indis- mid-dorsally. Patella short, apically with two strong, elon- tinct. gate, dorsal spines, without apophysis. Tibia short, about Eyes arranged in two rows (4:4): from front, AER and the same length as patella, with four to five conspicuous PER strongly procurved (Figs. 7, 11); median eyes rounded, long spines and two apophyses: retrolateral tibial apophysis lateral eyes more or less oval. Eye sizes and interdistances: a broad, flat, strongly sclerotized plate running along tibial AME smaller than ALE, ALE largest, ALE subequal to PLE, length, distal portion extending far beyond tibia; large pro- PME smallest; PER slightly longer than AER; AME sepa- truding lateral tibial apophysis arising retrolaterally on ven- rated by less than their diameter; AME–AME slightly shorter tral side
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