Distribution of Native European Spiders Follows the Prey Attraction Pattern of Introduced Carnivorous Pitcher Plants
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和路克拉顶蛛terminatus Lukla
六、图 版 A D 图130 家福新漏斗蛛 Neagelena jiafu (A-B)和路克拉顶蛛 Terminatus lukla (C-F). B E A. 雄孔上纺管 (Epiandrous spigots); B. 基节后膜 (Retrocoxal hymen); C. 前侧纺器 C F (ALS); D. 后中纺器 (PMS); E. 后侧纺器(PLS); F. 听毛 (Trichobothrium). - 485 - 河北大学理学博士学位论文 图131 路克拉顶蛛 Terminatus lukla (A-C)、普氏亚隙蛛 Asiacoelotes plancyi (D)和微 A D 光隙蛛 Coelotes nitidus (E-F). A. 雄孔上纺管 (Epiandrous spigots); B. 基节后膜 B E (Retrocoxal hymen); C. 纳精囊头 (Spermathecal head); D. 基节后膜 (Retrocoxal C F hymen); E. 前侧纺器 (ALS); F. 后中纺器 (PMS). - 486 - 六、图 版 A D 图132 微光隙蛛 Coelotes nitidus (A-C) 和波状隙蛛 Coelotes undulatus (D-F). B E A. 后侧纺器(PLS); B. 听毛 (Trichobothrium); C. 雄孔上纺管 (Epiandrous C F spigots); D. 前侧纺器 (ALS); E. 后中纺器 (PMS); F. 后侧纺器(PLS). - 487 - 河北大学理学博士学位论文 图133 波状隙蛛 Coelotes undulatus (A-C)、蕾形花冠蛛 Coronilla gemata (D-E) 和 A D 污浊龙隙蛛Draconarius lutulentus (F). A. 听毛 (Trichobothrium); B. 跗节器 B E (Tarsal organ); C-D. 雄孔上纺管 (Epiandrous spigots); E. 基节后膜 (Retrocoxal C F hymen); F. 雄孔上纺管 (Epiandrous spigots). - 488 - 六、图 版 图 134 污浊龙隙蛛Draconarius lutulentus (A) 、刺瓣拟隙蛛 Paracoelotes A D spinivulvus (B) 和廻弯囊隙蛛 Saccoelotes palinitropus (F). A-B. 基节后膜 B E (Retrocoxal hymen); C. 前侧纺器 (ALS); D. 后中纺器 (PMS); E. 后侧纺器 C F (PLS); F. 雄孔上纺管 (Epiandrous spigots). - 489 - 河北大学理学博士学位论文 A D 图135 廻弯囊隙蛛 Saccoelotes palinitropus (A-B)和耳状弧蛛 Curvata auricularta B E (C-F). A. 雄孔上纺管 (Epiandrous spigots); B. 基节后膜 (Retrocoxal hymen); C. 前 C F 侧纺器 (ALS); D. 后中纺器 (PMS); E. 后侧纺器 (PLS); F. 听毛 (Trichobothrium). - 490 - 六、图 版 A D 图 136 耳状弧蛛 Curvata auricularta (A-D) 和触形伪塔姆蛛 Pseudotamgrinia B E palpator (E-F). -
A Summary List of Fossil Spiders
A summary list of fossil spiders compiled by Jason A. Dunlop (Berlin), David Penney (Manchester) & Denise Jekel (Berlin) Suggested citation: Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2010. A summary list of fossil spiders. In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Last udated: 10.12.2009 INTRODUCTION Fossil spiders have not been fully cataloged since Bonnet’s Bibliographia Araneorum and are not included in the current Catalog. Since Bonnet’s time there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the spider fossil record and numerous new taxa have been described. As part of a larger project to catalog the diversity of fossil arachnids and their relatives, our aim here is to offer a summary list of the known fossil spiders in their current systematic position; as a first step towards the eventual goal of combining fossil and Recent data within a single arachnological resource. To integrate our data as smoothly as possible with standards used for living spiders, our list follows the names and sequence of families adopted in the Catalog. For this reason some of the family groupings proposed in Wunderlich’s (2004, 2008) monographs of amber and copal spiders are not reflected here, and we encourage the reader to consult these studies for details and alternative opinions. Extinct families have been inserted in the position which we hope best reflects their probable affinities. Genus and species names were compiled from established lists and cross-referenced against the primary literature. -
Zootaxa, Araneae, Agelenidae, Agelena
Zootaxa 1021: 45–63 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1021 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) On Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) and some allied species, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Agelena from China (Araneae: Agelenidae) ZHI-SHENG ZHANG1,2*, MING-SHENG ZHU1** & DA-XIANG SONG1*** 1. College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China; 2. Baoding Teachers College, Baoding, Hebei 071051, P. R. China; *[email protected], **[email protected] (Corresponding author), ***[email protected] Abstract Seven allied species of the funnel-weaver spider genus Agelena Walckenaer, 1805, including the type species Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757), known to occur in Asia and Europe, are reviewed on the basis of the similarity of genital structures. Two new species are described: Agelena chayu sp. nov. and Agelena cuspidata sp. nov. The specific name A. silvatica Oliger, 1983 is revalidated. The female is newly described for A. injuria Fox, 1936. Two specific names are newly synony- mized: Agelena daoxianensis Peng, Gong et Kim, 1996 with A. silvatica Oliger, 1983, and A. sub- limbata Wang, 1991 with A. limbata Thorell, 1897. Some names are proposed for these species to represent some particular genital structures: conductor ventral apophysis, conductor median apo- physis, conductor distal apophysis and conductor dorsal apophysis for male palp and spermathecal head, spermathecal stalk, spermathecal base and spermathecal apophysis for female epigynum. Key words: genital structure, revalidation, synonym, review, taxonomy Introduction The funnel-weaver spider genus Agelena was erected by Walckenaer (1805) with the type species Araneus labyrinthicus Clerck, 1757. -
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve Arthropods are characterized by having jointed limbs and exoskeletons. They include a diverse assortment of creatures: Insects, spiders, crustaceans (crayfish, crabs, pill bugs), centipedes and millipedes among others. Column Headings Scientific Name: The phenomenal diversity of arthropods, creates numerous difficulties in the determination of species. Positive identification is often achieved only by specialists using obscure monographs to ‘key out’ a species by examining microscopic differences in anatomy. For our purposes in this survey of the fauna, classification at a lower level of resolution still yields valuable information. For instance, knowing that ant lions belong to the Family, Myrmeleontidae, allows us to quickly look them up on the Internet and be confident we are not being fooled by a common name that may also apply to some other, unrelated something. With the Family name firmly in hand, we may explore the natural history of ant lions without needing to know exactly which species we are viewing. In some instances identification is only readily available at an even higher ranking such as Class. Millipedes are in the Class Diplopoda. There are many Orders (O) of millipedes and they are not easily differentiated so this entry is best left at the rank of Class. A great deal of taxonomic reorganization has been occurring lately with advances in DNA analysis pointing out underlying connections and differences that were previously unrealized. For this reason, all other rankings aside from Family, Genus and Species have been omitted from the interior of the tables since many of these ranks are in a state of flux. -
The Generic and Specific Status of Four Ohio Spiders of the Genus Agelenopsis
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XLI MARCH, 1941 No. 2 THE GENERIC AND SPECIFIC STATUS OF FOUR OHIO SPIDERS OF THE GENUS AGELENOPSIS PAUL J. SEYLER, Ohio State University INTRODUCTION Every taxonomist sooner or later faces a situation in which he must determine whether he is dealing with a single highly variable species, or with several species which appears to intergrade. This problem confronting us has been recognized by Petrunkevitch, Emerton, Comstock, Chamberlin, Ivie, Gertsch and others. Arachnologists have been perplexed by the variability of a species which has been considered Agelena naevia Walckenaer as the following quotations will indicate. Petrunkevitch (1925) on page 561 states: "It does not require prolonged study to show that variation in size in A gelena naevia is very great. Specimens collected in the same locality, often under the same piece of loose bark, guarding their cocoons with eggs, and therefore in the same stage of maturity, are occasionally twice the size of others. The fact that two such distinguished arachnologists as Graf Keyserling and Becker have described two new species of Agelena from North America, which long since have been recognized as synonyms of A. naevia, shows that the variation in structure is also sufficient to be considered as specific in absence of intergradient forms." Emerton (1890) recognized the great variation that exists in both the palpus of the male and epigynum of the female. He has illustrated four types of palps and seven variations in the atrial opening of the epigynum. He says that, "The shape of the external opening of the epigynum is even more variable than that of the palpal organ." Comstock (1912), page 586, in his spider book: "This species is either a variable one in the form of the palpi of the males and 51 52 PAUL J. -
Funnel Weaver Spiders (Funnel-Web Weavers, Grass Spiders)
Colorado Arachnids of Interest Funnel Weaver Spiders (Funnel-web weavers, Grass spiders) Class: Arachnida (Arachnids) Order: Araneae (Spiders) Family: Agelenidae (Funnel weaver Figure 1. Female grass spider on sheet web. spiders) Identification and Descriptive Features: Funnel weaver spiders are generally brownish or grayish spiders with a body typically ranging from1/3 to 2/3-inch when full grown. They have four pairs of eyes that are roughly the same size. The legs and body are hairy and legs usually have some dark banding. They are often mistaken for wolf spiders (Lycosidae family) but the size and pattern of eyes can most easily distinguish them. Like wolf spiders, the funnel weavers are very fast runners. Among the three most common genera (Agelenopsis, Hololena, Tegenaria) found in homes and around yards, Agelenopsis (Figures 1, 2 and 3) is perhaps most easily distinguished as it has long tail-like structures extending from the rear end of the body. These structures are the spider’s spinnerets, from which the silk emerges. Males of this genus have a unique and peculiarly coiled structure (embolus) on their pedipalps (Figure 3), the appendages next to the mouthparts. Hololena species often have similar appearance but lack the elongated spinnerets and male pedipalps have a normal clubbed appearance. Spiders within both genera Figure 2. Adult female of a grass spider, usually have dark longitudinal bands that run along the Agelenopsis sp. back of the cephalothorax and an elongated abdomen. Tegenaria species tend to have blunter abdomens marked with gray or black patches. Dark bands may also run along the cephalothorax, which is reddish brown with yellowish hairs in the species Tegenaria domestica (Figure 4). -
Wetland Wildlife Cards
Wetland wildlife cards • To make the cards, cut the line across the width of your paper then fold each half in half again so you end up with a picture on one side and the information on the other. Stick the two sides together with glue. Cut Fold Fold Stickleback Diet: Insects, crustaceans, tadpoles and smaller fish Wetland adaptations: Some sticklebacks have adapted to be able to cope with both fresh and saltwater meaning they can live in both rivers and the sea Classification: Vertebrate - Fish Habitat: Ponds, lakes, ditches and rivers Did you know? The male develops a bright red throat and belly and performs a courtship dance to attract a mate. The male also builds and protects the nest Cut Cut Eel Diet: Plants, dead animals, fish eggs, invertebrates and other fish Wetland adaptations: Long, narrow body enables it to get into crevices Classification: Vertebrate - Fish Habitat: Rivers and ditches Did you know? Adult eels migrate 3,000 miles (4,800 km) to the Sargasso Sea to spawn. It then takes the young eels two or three years to drift back to their homes here in the UK Fold Fold Smooth newt Diet: Insects, caterpillars, worms and slugs while on land; crustaceans, molluscs and tadpoles when in the water Wetland adaptations: Can breathe through their skin Classification: Vertebrate - Amphibian Habitat: Ponds in spring; woodland, grassland, hedgerows and marshes in summer and autumn; hibernates underground, among tree roots and under rocks and logs over winter Did you know? Their body gives out a poisonous fluid when they feel threatened -
Nature Conservation on a Shoestring
Bulletin of the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management Issue 98 | December 2017 Nature Conservation on a Shoestring In this issue Conservation on a Shoestring: Working for Wildlife – Pantheon: A New Resource The Mutualistic Benefits of Environmental Partnerships for Invertebrate Survey University – Nature Reserve between Water Companies Standards and Analysis Collaborations and Wildlife Trusts Welcome Information Nature Conservation on a Shoestring In Practice No. 98 December 2017 Most CIEEM members will agree that a healthy, wildlife-rich natural world is valuable ISSN 1754-4882 in its own right as well as being the foundation of our wellbeing and prosperity; Editor we depend on it and it depends on us. Yet too many forces in the world are pulling Dr Gillian Kerby ([email protected]) wildlife and people apart, unnecessarily damaging natural systems, disrupting Internal contributions ecological processes and reducing biodiversity. The turbulence of the political climate coordinator opens up major risks but also presents new opportunities for nature conservation. Mr Jason Reeves ([email protected]) We have our work cut out to turn this chaos to the advantage of the natural world. Editorial Board Mr Jonathan Barnes, Dr Kate Bayley, The Wildlife Trusts believe that everyone deserves to live in a healthy environment, Dr Andrew Cherrill, Mr Dominic Coath, rich in wildlife and full of opportunities to enjoy the natural world. By working Mr Neil Harwood, Dr Caroline McParland, together, in the places that are closest and most important to us, people can change Mrs Kate Morris, Mr Paul Rooney, the natural world for the better – whoever and wherever we are – for ourselves and Mr Paul Scott, Miss Katrena Stanhope, Mr Darren Towers for future generations. -
Research of the Biodiversity of Tovacov Lakes
Research of the biodiversity of Tovacov lakes (Czech Republic) Main researcher: Jan Ševčík Research group: Vladislav Holec Ondřej Machač Jan Ševčík Bohumil Trávníček Filip Trnka March – September 2014 Abstract We performed biological surveys of different taxonomical groups of organisms in the area of Tovacov lakes. Many species were found: 554 plant species, 107 spider species, 27 dragonflies, 111 butterfly species, 282 beetle species, orthopterans 17 and 7 amphibian species. Especially humid and dry open habitats and coastal lake zones were inhabited by many rare species. These biotopes were found mainly at the places where mining residuals were deposited or at the places which were appropriately prepared for mining by removing the soil to the sandy gravel base (on conditions that the biotope was still in contact with water level and the biotope mosaic can be created at the slopes with low inclination and with different stages of ecological succession). Field study of biotope preferences of the individual species from different places created during mining was performed using phytosociological mapping and capture traps. Gained data were analyzed by using ordinate analyses (DCA, CCA). Results of these analyses were interpreted as follows: Technically recultivated sites are quickly getting species – homogenous. Sites created by ecological succession are species-richer during their development. Final ecological succession stage (forest) can be achieved in the same time during ecological succession as during technical recultivation. According to all our research results most biologically valuable places were selected. Appropriate management was suggested for these places in order to achieve not lowering of their biological diversity. To even improve their biological diversity some principles and particular procedures were formulated. -
Spider Community Composition and Structure in a Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem: the Effects of Prey Availability and Shrub Architecture
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2012 Spider Community Composition and Structure In A Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem: The Effects of Prey Availability and Shrub Architecture Lori R. Spears Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Spears, Lori R., "Spider Community Composition and Structure In A Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem: The Effects of Prey Availability and Shrub Architecture" (2012). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1207. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1207 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPIDER COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE IN A SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM: THE EFFECTS OF PREY AVAILABILITY AND SHRUB ARCHITECTURE by Lori R. Spears A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Ecology Approved: ___________________________ ___________________________ James A. MacMahon Edward W. Evans Major Professor Committee Member ___________________________ ___________________________ S.K. Morgan Ernest Ethan P. White Committee Member Committee Member ___________________________ ___________________________ Eugene W. Schupp Mark R. McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2012 ii Copyright © Lori R. Spears 2012 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Spider Community Composition and Structure in a Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem: The Effects of Prey Availability and Shrub Architecture by Lori R. -
Scottish Spiders - Oonopspulcher 15Mm
Scottish Spiders BeesIntroduction and wasps to spider families There are approximately 670 species of spider in 38 different families in the UK. This guide introduces 17 families of spiders, providing an example of a species or genus to look for in each. Please Note: The vast majority of spiders in the UK need examination under a microscope of mature adults to confirm species. Immature specimens may be identified to family or to genus level and often only by an expert. This guide has been designed to introduce several families with information on key features in each and is not an identification guide. Woodlouse spiders (Family Dysderidae) 4 species in 2 genera Rather elongate looking spiders with no clear markings or Woodlouse spider (female) pattern on their cylindrical abdomen. They have six eyes that are clustered together in a circular formation. Often found under stones, logs, tree bark and other debris. Typical body length in family ranges from 6-15mm. Species to look out for - Woodlouse spider (Dysdera crocata) A distinctive species with a red cephalothorax and legs and forward projecting chelicerae. This species feeds on woodlice and can be found under stones and debris in warm (and sometimes) slightly damp situations. Generally nocturnal - look for them in gardens and on walls where they may be found sheltering in silken retreats. This species is common in England but less so in Scotland, being absent from the very north. Look out for Harpactea hombergi which although similar in Male: 9—10mm Female: 11—15mm appearance has a narrower cephalothorax and with less Falk © Steven prominent chelicerae. -
SRS News 66.Pub
www.britishspiders.org.uk S.R.S. News. No. 66 In Newsl. Br. arachnol. Soc. 117 Spider Recording Scheme News March 2010, No. 66 Editor: Peter Harvey; [email protected]@britishspiders.org.uk My thanks to those who have contributed to this issue. S.R.S. News No. 67 will be published in July 2010. Please send contributions by the end of May at the latest to Peter Harvey, 32 Lodge Lane, GRAYS, Essex, RM16 2YP; e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Editorial Hillyard noted that it had been recorded at Edinburgh. This was not mapped, but probably refers to a record from As usual I am very grateful to all the contributors who have provided articles for this issue. Please keep the Lothian Wildlife Information Centre ‘Secret Garden providing articles. Survey’. The species was found in Haddington, to the Work on a Spider Recording Scheme website was east of Edinburgh and south of the Firth of Forth in delayed by hiccups in the OPAL grant process and the October 1995 (pers. comm. Bob Saville). These records timeslot originally set aside for the work has had to be appear on the National Biodiversity Network Gateway. reorganised. Work should now be completed by the end of D. ramosus is generally synanthropic and is common May this year. in gardens where it can be beaten from hedges and trees, As always many thanks are due to those Area especially conifers. However many peoples’ first Organisers, MapMate users and other recorders who have experience of this species will be of seeing it spread- provided their records to the scheme during 2009 and eagled on a wall (especially if the wall is whitewashed – early this year.