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Biofokus-Rapport 2016-12 Oslo Og Akershus Har Flest Påviste Rødlistearter I Landet

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Biofokus-Rapport 2016-12 Oslo Og Akershus Har Flest Påviste Rødlistearter I Landet Kartlegging av naturtyper i skog i Nordmarka, Oslo kommune Øystein Røsok, Kim Abel og Terje Blindheim Ekstrakt BioFokus-rapport 2016-12 Oslo og Akershus har flest påviste rødlistearter i landet. Samtidig er store land- og ferskvannsarealer under stort press fra utbygging, skogbruk, landbruk og andre arealforbrukende aktiviteter. BioFokus har ved hjelp av noen Tittel kriterier plukket ut 202 truede arter Truede ansvarsarter i Oslo og Akershus som forekommer i Oslo og Akershus, og som de to fylkene har et spesielt ansvar for å ivareta. Forfattere Artenes forekomst i Oslo og Øivind Gammelmo, Stefan Olberg, Kjell Magne Olsen, Ole J. Lønnve, Akershus er antatt å være av stor Tom H. Hofton, Torbjørn Høitomt, Jon Klepsland og Anders Thylén viktighet for artenes fremtidige overlevelse i Norge. Alle ansvarsartene er omtalt i rapporten, med angivelse av utbredelse, Dato kunnskapsstatus og aktuelle trussler. Ansvarsartene har en arealmessig 11.11.2016 ujevn fordeling, med klart flest påviste arter i Oslo, Bærum og Asker. Visse naturtyper bemerker seg som ekstra viktige for Antall sider ivaretakelsen av artene, deriblant 122 sider kalkrike arealer (skog og åpenmark), naturskog, raviner, sandarealer og enkelte hevdbetingede kulturmarker. Publiseringstype Digitalt dokument (Pdf). Som digitalt dokument inneholder denne Nøkkelord rapporten ”levende” linker. Oslo Akershus Rødlistearter Truede arter Oppdragsgiver Ansvarsarter BioFokus, med bidrag fra Fylkesmannen i Oslo og Akershus Biologisk mangfold Omslag Tilgjengelighet FORSIDEBILDER Øvre: Heroringvinge. Foto: Kim Abel. Dokumentet er offentlig tilgjengelig. Midtre: Bakkekløver. Foto: Kim Abel. Andre BioFokus rapporter kan lastes ned fra: Nedre: Rasmarkslørsopp. Foto: Sigve Reiso. http://lager.biofokus.no/Litteratur.htm LAYOUT (OMSLAG) BioFokus: Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 OSLO Blindheim Grafisk Telefon 99 55 02 57 E-post: [email protected] Web: www.biofokus.no ISSN: 1504-6370 ISBN: 978-82-8209-535-8 Forord Stiftelsen BioFokus har med støtte fra Fylkesmannen i Oslo og Akershus foretatt en evaluering av alle truede arter påvist i Oslo og Akershus. Vi håper at rapporten kan være et verktøy i forvaltningen av den svært viktige naturen som fortsatt klorer seg fast mellom bebygde arealer, igjengrodde kulturmarker og flatehogde skoger. Det meste av informasjonen i denne rapporten kan hentes fra andre steder, men ettersom det er så mange rødlistearter og så få personer som kjenner disse, er det vanskelig å holde oversikten. Rødlisteartene påvist i Oslo og Akershus har svært ulikt levevis, store variasjoner i behov og krav. Stefan Olberg har vært prosjektansvarlig og har sammen med Øivind Gammelmo stått for utformingen av rapporten. De to har i tillegg vurdert og skrevet om artsgruppene spretthaler, biller og pattedyr (Stefan) og tovinger (Øivind). Følgende personer i BioFokus har bidratt med sin artskunnskap og skrevet om og vurdert de resterende artsgruppene: Kjell Magne Olsen (kransalger, karplanter, bløtdyr, mangeføttinger, edderkoppdyr, nebbmunner, døgnfluer, vårfluer, veps og pattedyr), Ole Lønnve (sommerfugler og planteveps), Tom H. Hofton (sopp), Torbjørn Høitomt (moser), Jon Klepsland (lav) og Anders Thylén (fugl). Takk også til Øystein Røsok hos Fylkesmannen som har bidratt med innspill til utformingen av rapporten. Oslo, 11. november 2016 Stefan Olberg Artsjakt i kantkratt mellom rik tørreng og rik edelløvskog på Lilleaker i Oslo. Foto: Stefan Olberg Sammendrag 1125 arter oppført som truet på rødlisten har ved en eller flere anledninger blitt påvist i Oslo og Akershus. Kunnskapen vår om alle disse artene er svært variabel, og for mange arter er det ikke mulig å få tak i opplysninger om hvorvidt artene fortsatt har/noen gang har hatt en populasjon i Oslo og Akershus. Flere artsobservasjoner har vært av mer tilfeldig karakter eller representerer populasjoner som i dag ansees å ha forsvunnet. For andre arter har vi relativt god oversikt over artenes utbredelse og økologi, og kan med rimelig sikkerhet fastslå artenes status i Oslo og Akershus. Basert på tilgjengelig informasjon om de truede artene, ble 202 arter plukket ut som ansvarsarter for Oslo og Akershus. Ansvarsartene er de artene som Oslo og Akershus har et spesielt ansvar for å ivareta for å unngå at artene skal dø ut i Norge. Marine arter er ikke inkludert i denne rapporten. Alle ansvarsartene er omtalt i rapporten. Et gjentagende punkt i mange av vurderingene av artenes kunnskapsnivå, er manglende eller ufullstendig kunnskap om artenes utbredelse og til dels økologi. For en del av artene er det kritisk for deres fremtidige overlevelse at det fremskaffes mer og bedre kunnskap, slik at nødvendige tiltak kan iverksettes. Det er i dag svært vanskelig å anslå artenes status i Oslo og Akershus med rimelig sikkerhet. Insekter (106), sopp (46) og karplanter (19) er dominerende grupper blant de utvalgte ansvarsartene. Dette reflekterer både artsgruppenes store artsmangfold og den relativt gode kunnskapen om mange av artenes økologi og utbredelse. Blant insektene er biller (32), sommerfugler (27), veps (25) og tovinger (13) de artsgruppene med flest ansvarsarter. Ansvarsartene er knyttet til mange forskjellige typer natur, men kalkrike varianter av åpen mark (både naturlig åpen og skjøtselsavhengige) og skog innehar en svært stor andel av ansvarsartene. Naturskog (uavhengig kalknivå), raviner, gamle trær i kulturlandskapet og varme, åpne sandarealer er også viktige for flere av ansvarsartene. Arealfordelingen av ansvarsartene innenfor Oslo og Akershus er langt fra jevn. Kommunene Oslo (141), Bærum (93) og Asker (85) har klart flest påviste forekomster. Mange av kommunene i Akershus har bare en håndfull arter, med Ski (3) og Gjerdrum (2) helt nederst. Den ujevne fordelingen bør reflekteres både i bevilgninger til ivaretakelse av viktig natur i regionen og i kommunenes ansvar for å ivareta mangfoldet. To ellers like utbyggingsplaner i Gjerdrum og Oslo setter derfor ulike krav til utbygger, da muligheten for å bygge ut verdifull natur med tilhørende ansvarsarter presumtivt er langt større i Oslo enn i Gjerdrum. Innhold 1 INNLEDNING .................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 BAKGRUNN ................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 UTVELGELSE AV ANSVARSARTENE ........................................................................................................ 5 3 DATAFANGST ................................................................................................................................................... 5 4 TOTALT ANTALL TRUEDE ARTER I OSLO OG AKERSHUS ............................................................... 6 5 UTDØDDE ARTER PÅVIST I OSLO OG AKERSHUS ............................................................................... 6 6 DE UTVALGTE TRUEDE ARTENE I OSLO OG AKERSHUS .................................................................. 8 6.1 ARTSOMTALER .............................................................................................................................................. 9 6.1.1 Moser ................................................................................................................................................... 9 6.1.2 Kransalger ......................................................................................................................................... 12 6.1.3 Karplanter .......................................................................................................................................... 14 6.1.4 Lav ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 6.1.5 Sopp ................................................................................................................................................... 24 6.1.6 Bløtdyr ............................................................................................................................................... 40 6.1.7 Edderkoppdyr ..................................................................................................................................... 42 6.1.8 Mangefotinger .................................................................................................................................... 42 6.1.9 Spretthaler.......................................................................................................................................... 42 6.1.10 Nebbmunner ................................................................................................................................... 43 6.1.11 Biller .............................................................................................................................................. 45 6.1.12 Døgnfluer ....................................................................................................................................... 55 6.1.13 Vårfluer .......................................................................................................................................... 55 6.1.14 Sommerfugler ................................................................................................................................. 56 6.1.15 Veps ..............................................................................................................................................
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