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1781 Naturtyper Etter Miljødirektoratets Instruks 1781 Naturtyper etter Miljødirektoratets instruks Dokumentasjon av sentral økosystemfunksjon Erik Framstad, Hans H. Blom, Tor Erik Brandrud, Annette Bär, Line Johansen, Siri Lie Olsen, Odd Egil Stabbetorp og Dag-Inge Øien NINAs publikasjoner NINA Rapport Dette er NINAs ordinære rapportering til oppdragsgiver etter gjennomført forsknings-, overvåkings- eller utredningsarbeid. I tillegg vil serien favne mye av instituttets øvrige rapportering, for eksempel fra seminarer og konferanser, resultater av eget forsknings- og utredningsarbeid og litteraturstudier. NINA Rapport kan også utgis på engelsk, som NINA Report. NINA Temahefte Heftene utarbeides etter behov og serien favner svært vidt; fra systematiske bestemmelsesnøkler til informasjon om viktige problemstillinger i samfunnet. Heftene har vanligvis en populærvitenskapelig form med vekt på illustrasjoner. NINA Temahefte kan også utgis på engelsk, som NINA Special Report. NINA Fakta Faktaarkene har som mål å gjøre NINAs forskningsresultater raskt og enkelt tilgjengelig for et større publikum. Faktaarkene gir en kort framstilling av noen av våre viktigste forskningstema. Annen publisering I tillegg til rapporteringen i NINAs egne serier publiserer instituttets ansatte en stor del av sine forskningsresultater i internasjonale vitenskapelige journaler og i populærfaglige bøker og tidsskrifter. Naturtyper etter Miljødirektoratets instruks Dokumentasjon av sentral økosystemfunksjon Erik Framstad Hans H. Blom Tor Erik Brandrud Annette Bär Line Johansen Siri Lie Olsen Odd Egil Stabbetorp Dag-Inge Øien Norsk institutt for naturforskning NINA Rapport 1781 Framstad, E., Blom, H.H., Brandrud, T.E., Bär, A., Johansen, L., Olsen, S.L., Stabbetorp, O.E. & Øien, D.-I. 2020. Naturtyper etter Miljødirektoratets instruks. Dokumentasjon av sentral økosystemfunksjon. NINA Rapport 1781. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Oslo, mars 2020 ISSN: 1504-3312 ISBN: 978-82-426-4538-8 RETTIGHETSHAVER © Norsk institutt for naturforskning Publikasjonen kan siteres fritt med kildeangivelse TILGJENGELIGHET Åpen PUBLISERINGSTYPE Digitalt dokument (pdf) REDAKSJON Erik Framstad og Marianne Evju KVALITETSSIKRET AV Anders Endrestøl ANSVARLIG SIGNATUR Forskningssjef Kristin Thorsrud Teien (sign.) OPPDRAGSGIVER(E)/BIDRAGSYTER(E) Miljødirektoratet OPPDRAGSGIVERS REFERANSE M-1653 | 2020 KONTAKTPERSON(ER) HOS OPPDRAGSGIVER/BIDRAGSYTER Eirin Bjørkvoll FORSIDEBILDE Semi-naturlig eng, slåttemark © Line Johansen, NIBIO NØKKELORD Naturtyper, dokumentasjon, økologisk funksjon, levested, truede arter, nær truede arter, artsrikhet, kartlegging, Norge KEY WORDS Nature types, documentation, ecological functions, habitats, threatened species, near-threatened species, species richness, mapping, Norway KONTAKTOPPLYSNINGER NINA hovedkontor NINA Oslo NINA Tromsø NINA Lillehammer NINA Bergen Postboks 5685 Torgarden Gaustadalléen 21 Postboks 6606 Langnes Vormstuguvegen 40 Thormøhlens gate 55 7485 Trondheim 0349 Oslo 9296 Tromsø 2624 Lillehammer 5006 Bergen Tlf: 73 80 14 00 Tlf: 73 80 14 00 Tlf: 77 75 04 00 Tlf: 73 80 14 00 Tlf: 73 80 14 00 www.nina.no 2 NINA Rapport 1781 Sammendrag Framstad, E., Blom, H.H., Brandrud, T.E., Bär, A., Johansen, L., Olsen, S.L., Stabbetorp, O.E. & Øien D.-I. 2020. Naturtyper etter Miljødirektoratets instruks. Dokumentasjon av sentral øko- systemfunksjon. NINA Rapport 1781. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Naturtyper etter NiN2 i Miljødirektoratets kartleggingsinstruks er valgt ut fra kriteriene (1) truet eller nær truet naturtype, (2) spesielt dårlig kartlagt naturtype, og (3) naturtype som dekker sentral økosystemfunksjon, nærmere spesifisert som leveområder for truede eller nær truede arter eller naturtyper som er viktige for mange arter. En ekspertgruppe ledet av NINA, har i lø- pet av flere prosjekter gitt Miljødirektoratet råd om hvilke naturtyper som tilfredsstiller kriterium (3), spesielt som levested for truede og nær truede arter. Dokumentasjonen for dette er imidler- tid spredt på flere kilder. Miljødirektoratet har derfor ønsket en sammenstilling av slik dokumen- tasjon. I denne rapporten gjennomgår vi eksisterende dokumentasjon av sentral økosystem- funksjon for 76 naturtyper, i hovedsak knyttet til underkriteriet leveområder for truede eller nær truede arter. Kunnskapsgrunnlaget er variabelt, og tilknyttede arter er i liten grad spesifisert for flere underordnete typer. Enkelte godt studerte naturtyper har et rikt og veldokumentert arts- mangfold. Underkriteriet viktig for mange arter er vurdert i begrenset grad. Nedenfor gis hoved- trekkene for truede og nær truede arter i hovedgrupper av naturtyper. Naturlig åpne områder i lavlandet: Åtte naturtyper er vurdert. Nakent tørkeutsatt kalkberg er kjent levested for 66 arter, herav 57 lav, mens Fossepåvirket berg har 17 arter, flest moser og lav. For Åpen grunnlendt kalkrik mark i boreonemoral sone er det dokumentert 59 arter, flest karplanter, sopp og insekter. Bare 5 karplantearter spesifikt knyttet til Strandeng, er angitt. For Sørlig etablert sanddynemark er det dokumentert hele 74 insektarter, samt 31 andre arter i uli- ke artsgrupper. Fjell: Fem kalkrike naturtyper er vurdert. Flest arter (25) er dokumentert for Kalkrikt snøleie, færrest (4) for Kalkrik fjellgrashei og grastundra. Dokumentasjonen er best for karplanter. Skog: Hele 42 naturtyper er vurdert. Kunnskap om truede og nær truede arters tilknytning er mangelfull for noen underordnede skogtyper. For Hule eiker er det kjent minst 84 insektarter samt 23 arter av lav og sopp. For Høstingsskog er det dokumentert 36 arter av lav og sopp på styvede edellauvtrær, men ikke bakkeboende arter. For Boreal og Boreonemoral regnskog er hhv 24 og 28 lav- og mosearter dokumentert. For ulike typer av kalk- og lågurtbarskog og andre rike barskogstyper er det kjent opp mot 120 arter av sopp, samt et titall arter av karplan- ter, moser og insekter. For Gammel furuskog og granskog er det dokumentert hhv 38 og 50 arter av sopp og lav knyttet til død ved og gamle trær. For gammel/rik boreal lauvskog er det dokumentert 9 til 33 arter av spesielt sopp og lav, mens Gammel høgstaudegråorskog og Flomskogsmark med over 20 arter også omfatter arter av karplanter og moser. Gammel fattig edellauvskog har hele 84 insektarter knyttet til gamle (hule) eiker, og ellers i alt 14 arter av lav og sopp. Ulike typer av rik edellauvskog har 10-20 sopparter for de fleste typene (79 for kalk- lindeskog), men også arter av lav og karplanter (<10 pr. type), i mindre grad mosearter. Semi-naturlig mark: Åtte naturtyper er vurdert. Semi-naturlig eng, med fire underenheter, har dokumentert et spesielt stort antall (362) tilknyttede arter, dels karplanter og insekter i de fleste av underenhetene, samt beitemarksopp i naturbeitemark, og lav, sopp og moser på edellauv- trær i lauveng og hagemark. Det er 159 tilknyttede arter av karplanter, sopp og insekter for Semi-naturlig strandeng og 42 karplante- og insektarter for Eng-aktig sterkt endret fastmark. Boreal hei synes i liten grad å ha arter spesifikt knyttet til naturtypen. Våtmark: Tretten naturtyper er vurdert. For fem typer av åpen våtmark er det kjent fra 3 (Pals- myr) til 18 arter (Rik sørlig åpen jordvannsmyr), i hovedsak karplanter og moser. For fem typer av myr- og sumpskog omfatter dokumentasjonen karplanter, moser og sopp, dels også lav, med fra 3 (Gammel fattig sumpskog) til 27 arter (Rik gråorsumpskog). For tre typer av strand- skog er det dokumentert fra 3 (Saltpåvirket svartorstrandskog) til 8 arter (Rik svartorstrand- skog), i hovedsak av karplanter og moser. 3 NINA Rapport 1781 Erik Framstad ([email protected]), Tor Erik Brandrud ([email protected]), Siri Lie Ol- sen ([email protected]), og Odd Egil Stabbetorp ([email protected]), NINA, Gau- stadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo. Hans H. Blom ([email protected]), Annette Bär ([email protected]) og Line Johansen ([email protected]), NIBIO, Postboks 115, 1431 Ås. Dag-Inge Øien ([email protected]), NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet, 7491 Trondheim. 4 NINA Rapport 1781 Abstract Framstad, E., Blom, H.H., Brandrud, T.E., Bär, A., Johansen, L., Olsen, S.L., Stabbetorp, O.E. & Øien D.-I. 2020. Nature types according to the manual of the Norwegian Environment Agen- cy. Documentation of central ecosystem functions. NINA Report 1781. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Nature types (according to the NiN2 description system) for mapping by the Norwegian Envi- ronment Agency (NEA), are selected based on the criteria (1) threatened or near threatened nature type, (2) particularly poorly mapped nature type, and (3) nature type covering central ecosystem functions, specified as being habitat for threatened or near threatened species or important for many species. An expert group led by NINA, has over several projects proposed nature types that satisfy criterion (3), especially as habitat for threatened or near threatened species. The supporting documentation is, however, spread among several reports. The NEA has therefore requested a compilation of such documentation. In this report, we review existing documentation of central ecosystem function for 76 nature types, mainly related to the sub- criterion habitat for threatened or near threatened species. The knowledge base is variable, and specification of associated species is limited for several subordinate types. Some well- studied nature types have a rich and well-documented species diversity. The sub-criterion im- portant for many species is considered to a limited extent. Below we present the main results for threatened or near threatened species in main groups of
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