Prejeto / Received: 14.6.2010 Sprejeto / Accepted: 19.8.2010 Check list of Slovenian Microlepidoptera Tone LESAR(†), Marijan GOVEDIČ1 1 Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Klunova 3, SI-1000 Ljubljana; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A checklist of the Microlepidoptera species recorded in Slovenia is presented. Each entry is accompanied by complete references, and remarks where appropriate. Until now, the data on Microlepidopteran fauna of Slovenia have not been compiled, with the existing information scattered in literature, museums and private collections throughout Europe. The present checklist is based on records extracted from 290 literature sources published from 1763 (Scopoli) to present. In total, 1645 species from 56 families are listed. Keywords: Microlepidoptera, checklist, Slovenia, fauna Izvleček. SEZNAM METULJČKOV (MICROLEPIDOPTERA) SLOVENIJE – Predstavljen je seznam vrst metuljčkov, zabeleženih v Sloveniji. Za vsako vrsto so podane reference, kjer je bilo smiselno, pa tudi komentar. Do sedaj podatki o metuljčkih Slovenije še niso bili zbrani, obstoječi podatki pa so bili razpršeni v različnih pisnih virih, muzejskih in zasebnih zbirkah po Evropi. Predstavljeni seznam temelji na podatkih iz 290 pisnih virov, objavljenih od 1763 (Scopoli) do danes. Skupaj je navedenih 1645 vrst iz 56 družin. Ključne besede: Microlepidoptera, seznam vrst, Slovenija, živalstvo NATURA SLOVENIAE 12(1): 35-125 ZOTKS Gibanje znanost mladini, Ljubljana, 2010 36 Tone LESAR & Marijan GOVEDIČ: Check List of Slovenian Microlepidoptera / SCIENTIFIC PAPER Introduction Along with beetles (Coleoptera), butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most attractive groups for the amateur insect collectors, although the number of researchers professionally engaged in these two groups is relatively high as well. Adequate to the quantity of the collected data, both groups are therefore relatively well researched, if compared with diptera that have been, except for certain families, studied to a much smaller extent. In numerous European countries, lists of species registered in their territories have thus been made. In the 1967-1983 period, 17 works with integral review lists of animal species in the territory of the former Yugoslavia were published within the collection of Catalogus faunae Jugoslaviae, while the presence of species was presented per separate republics as well. Some vertebrate and invertebrate groups were analysed, too. Among insects, stoneflies (Sivec 1980), leathery-winged insects (Us & Matvejev 1967), a beetle subfamily (Pretner 1968) and the group of diptera (Glumac 1972) were dealt with, whereas butterflies were not treated at all. In the ensuing few decades, lists of other Slovenian insect groups were published, i.e. true bugs (Heteroptera) with some supplements (Gogala & Gogala 1986, 1989), bees (Apoidea) (Gogala 1991, 1994, 1999), hoverflies (Syrphidae) (De Groot & Govedič 2008) and cicadas (Auchenorrhyncha) (Gogala & Gogala 1999), which are all regularly supplemented. In the last few years, some beetle (Coleoptera) groups have also been dealt with (Brelih et al. 2003, 2006, Vienna et al. 2008), to mention just the larger groups. In 1992, Carnelutti presented, trough the Red List, the first integral list of all Slovenian butterflies and moths from the traditionally treated and nontaxonomically specified group of Macrolepidoptera. Micromoths (Microlepidoptera), presented by this article, were not dealt with by Carnelutti (1992a), who analysed only the families Hepialidae, Psychidae, Limacodidae, Heterogynidae, Zygaenidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae and Thyrididae, considering that they had been classified as macrolepidopterans in the past. The first person to publish a text on Lepidoptera from our territory was Joannes Antonius Scopoli in his Entomologica Carniolica (Scopoli 1763). The past studies of Microlepidoptera reflect very much the political situation in the territory of Slovenia. In the times of the Habsburg Monarchy, Josef Johann Mann (1854, 1866), Phillip Christoph Zeller (1868), Egon Galvagni (1910) and Hans Rebel (1989, 1905-1910) published their works on Lepidoptera of the Monarchy, with today’s Slovenia included. When, between 1920 and 1940, large parts of Slovenia were occupied by Italy, Hermann Stauder (1929-1933) collected specimens in the western part of Slovenia, as far as Postojna to the east. Particularly active in the Štajerska region were Karl Prohaska, Fritz Hoffmann and Rudolf Klos (see Lesar & Habeler 2007), while in the former Carniola these insects were studied mainly by Mate and Ivan Hafner and, eventually, by the latter's son Ivan Hafner. Mate Hafner was predominantly a collector with very few publications about his findings, while Ivan Hafner, Sr. published, between 1909 and 1912, until then the most extensive evaluation of Carniolan Lepidoptera (Hafner 1909-1912). The specimens sent by him to his colleagues are currently kept in various collections all over Europe and are often used in more recent scientific monographs as well. Soon after World War II, Jan Carnelutti and Štefan Michieli began to publish, in the Biološki vestnik (Biological Jornal), faunistic contributions on Lepidoptera, including micromoths (Carnelutti & Michieli 1955, 1960). They published particularly their interesting finds and the so-called new species for the Slovenian fauna, in spite of the fact that the butterfly and moths species evaluation NATURA SLOVENIAE 12(1): 35-125 37 had never been published before. The trend of publishing texts on merely »new« species for Slovenia, especially as macrolepidopterans are concerned, continues even these days. The list of butterflies (Rhopalocera), which in Slovenia comprise less than 200 species, is relatively short if compared with the estimate that Slovenia is inhabited by about 3,500-3,700 Lepidoptera species (Habeler & Gomboc 2005). The trend of publishing records of »new« micromoth species for Slovenia fell after 2000; particularly rare are articles by foreign researchers or collectors. The latter is almost certainly not the result of a thorough knowledge of our lepidopteran fauna, but of the non-existence of an official list of registered species that would serve as reference. Somewhat better is the evaluation in the sphere of »pests«, given that finds of some »new« species for Slovenia, well known particularly to agronomists, have been published in the last few years (e.g. Gomboc & Jankovič 2001, Gomboc 2003a, Seljak 2005a, b). The absence of an official list and review sources is also the reason for the insufficient quotations of Slovenian species in European evaluations (Karsholt & Razowski 1996, Karsholt & Van Nieukerken 2010) and other general overviews, or there are even statements that species are not present in Slovenia (e.g. Fazekas 2009). Despite the fact that species know no political boundaries and that their distribution is closely associated with biogeographical factors, registration of the presence of species with regard to political boundaries and thus the preparation of national lists is still topical and will remain so for a long time. Specifically, the list of species is only the first step in the preparation of lists of nationally and more broadly endangered species and proposals as to their protection. Publication of the first list often provokes an avalanche of new publications, as numerous collectors are enabled to present immediate evaluations of their finds, which no longer demand a review of all possible dispersed literature. For example, after the publishing of the list of Štajerska microlepidopterans (Lesar & Habeler 2005), no less than 20 »new« species for Štajerska (Lesar & Verovnik 2008, Lesar et al. 2009) were published as early as in the ensuing year. This article presents a list of Slovenian micromoths, based on the review of the existing sources that have not been compiled as yet. The list, however, does not include the species the specimens of which are scattered in museum and private collections in our country and elsewhere in Europe, which means that supplements to our check list are expected. Methods Each reported species is accompanied by: a) Latin name, full name of the author and year of publication; b) taxonomical remarks where possible; c) the list of records published in Slovenia, arranged according to the year of publication; d) short comment where necessary. Species are listed according to the system by Huemer & Tarmann (1993), marking families. The families Hepialidae, Psychidae, Limacodidae, Heterogynidae, Zygaenidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae and Thyrididae, which were in the 1992 Red List (Carnelutti 1992a) still classified as macrolepidopterans, are considered as microlepidopterans, too. 38 Tone LESAR & Marijan GOVEDIČ: Check List of Slovenian Microlepidoptera / SCIENTIFIC PAPER Information on the presence of species has been deduced from: primary sources (i), in which the origin of the information and often the year of sampling or even the date are clearly stated; secondary sources (ii), in which the origin of the information is clearly stated; other popular sources (iii), in which the origin of the information is unclear. Apart from published sources, information obtained from the so-called grey literature (e.g. Accetto et al. 1994, 1996a,b, Carnelutti 1975) is also included. As numerous faunistic data obtained through research are often not published at all, grey literature for the preparation of species list has also been taken into consideration in, for example, Brelih et al. (2006) and Jogan et al. (2001).