Survey c/o Natural History Dept., Castle Museum, , NR1 3JU Newsletter No.90 November 2016

INTRODUCTION

With the flurry of activity through the latter part of the summer, it is easy to forget how cool, wet and frustrating the early part of the season often was. Opinion generally seems to suggest that, while the range of species seen was much to be expected, actual numbers of were down on the whole.

However, one event during that early period brought the subject of moths to the attention of the media, both locally and nationally. This was the great invasion of Diamond- backed moths, Plutella xylostella, that took place at the very end of May and the first days of June. It would be no exaggeration to say that literally millions of these tiny moths arrived on these shores, with at least one commentator describing it as “...a plague of biblical proportion”. Several of us found ourselves answering queries and calls from a variety of sources in connection with this influx. Despite the dire warnings proffered by some sections of the media - and others, our cabbages weren’t totally obliterated as a result. In fact, the expected boost in numbers resulting from these original invaders breeding here, just didn’t seem to happen.

In what might have otherwise been a distinctly average season, it is good to be able to report that twelve new species have been added to the Norfolk list this year. Amazingly, seven of these have been adventives, including one species new for the UK. This was the Herb Emerald, herbaria, captured at Costessey by Matt Casey. CONTENTS: Of course, the plethora of such Introduction Ken Saul page 1 records does raise questions over bio-security, while it also gave me the CMR’s Report Jim Wheeler page 2 opportunity to suggest (tongue in Notable Norfolk Records Jim Wheeler page 4 cheek) that next year we should IMPORTANT NOTICE Recording team page 5 perhaps arrange a field meeting at a local garden centre! Details of all the What’s in a Name Dick Jones page 5 new species and others of interest Garden Sites Top 10 Jim Wheeler page 6 can be found in Jim Wheeler’s CMR 2016 Field Meetings report. – 4th June Phil Heath page 6 For the most part, migrant species – 11th June Brian Jones page 7 were a little slow in arriving this year Dunes – 18th June Dave Appleton page 8 too. The latter half of the season brought more of interest, with fresh – 2nd July Jim Wheeler page 8 influxes continuing into early Hills & Holes – 9th July Phil Heath page 9 November. As usual, Dave Hipperson Queen’s Hills – 30th July Adrian Gardiner page 10 has compiled a list of species notified so far. We will certainly need to Claxton Manor – 6th August Ken Saul page 10 publish an additional list in our Church Marsh – 27th August Ben Lewis page 11 spring newsletter, so please let us Banham Zoo – 10th September Stewart Wright page 12 know of any migrant records that haven’t already been submitted. Leaf Mines Day – 15th October Ken Saul page 12 2016 Migrant Records list Dave Hipperson page 13 Many thanks are due to all of you Norfolk Moths Website & ALS details page 18 who have come along and supported our field meetings this year. Photographs page 19 Although some were hampered by

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Page 1 of 20 unhelpful weather conditions, all did go ahead, with several interesting records being turned up. For National Moth Night in June, we headed for the woods at Hedenham. Despite the rather damp conditions, we did at least see one or two hawk-moths – the target species for this year. As usual again, reports on all our field meetings are included in this newsletter.

National Moth Night next year is planned for 12-14 October 2017, and the unusual theme is ivy. Presumably, this is designed to encourage us to search the ivy bloom for feeding moths, which can be a very productive occupation at this season. No doubt, we may be allowed to use light traps as well and, with the later dates, could potentially add a considerable number of records for autumn-flying moths.

We are always more than happy to include details of any moth-related events which you would like publicised in our spring newsletter. Do please let us know about anything you are involved with. As I’ve frequently mentioned before, we are also keen to receive any articles for inclusion in the spring newsletter too. Thanks to all of you who have contributed previously, and please get in touch if you would like to pen something for the next edition.

Our indoor spring meeting next year will take place on Wednesday 12 April 2017, 7.30 pm, in the Orchard Room at Mangreen Hall, TG215030. Jon Clifton will be telling us about “The history of pheromone lures and their use in Norfolk”. As well as reference to Clearwings, Jon says he will also include details of other species for which lures can be used. Please put the date in your diaries now and come along and join us. In order to cover costs we have to make a charge of £3 for this meeting, but that does include a cup of tea or coffee and a piece of home-made cake.

Thanks once again to all of you who have helped and supported us throughout the year, as we have continued on our mission to record and conserve the moths of Norfolk.

Ken Saul

COUNTY RECORDER’S REPORT Please find listed below a selection of notable records from 2016. The list to date includes 12 species new for Norfolk, 1 new for Vice-county 28 (West Norfolk) and 3 new for Vice- county 27 (East Norfolk). The list also includes several species recorded this year that were last listed by C.G. Barrett in Victorian publications. The New for Norfolk records in more detail:

Gravitarmata margarotana ( Cone Tortrix) - New for Norfolk Three specimens were trapped at Cranwich Heath VC28 on 20th May 2016 by D. Appleton and D. Norgate. Found throughout , the first British specimen was recorded at Clowes Wood in East Kent, netted in the afternoon of the 1st May 2011. Further records from Leicestershire in 2013 and Suffolk in 2014.

Elachista stabilella (Southern Dwarf) - New for Norfolk Several adults seen at Castle Acre Castle in June (10/06/16, B. Heckford, S. Beavan)

Microloxia herbaria - Herb Emerald - New to Norfolk and UK (Adventive) Recorded at a garden moth trap in Costessey, July 2016. Originally thought to be a migrant, however this species has no known history of migration. It is now thought to have originated from an adjacent garden centre in a shipment of from the same weekend. (M. Casey, 23/07/16) The larvae feed on variety of herbs and shrubs including - Thyme, - Apple Mint, - Curry group, polium – Germanders, and other plants.

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Page 2 of 20 Ochsenheimeria vacculella (Cereal-stem Moth) - New to Norfolk New for Norfolk on 24th July 2016, recorded by day at Walsey Hills NOA. (David Bratt, 24/07/16) Relatively scarce, occurring in a scattered distribution across parts of .

Lymantria dispar - Gypsy Moth Only modern-day Norfolk record. A male was trapped at North Creake VC28 on 17th August 2016 (A. Culshaw)

Tebenna micalis (Vagrant Twitcher) - New for Norfolk. New for Norfolk in August 2016, seen by day at Queen's Hills, Costessey (M. Casey, 22/08/16)

Eublemma purpurina - Beautiful Marbled - New for Norfolk Very rare migrant. New for Norfolk in August 2016, trapped at Filby (D. Hipperson, 25/08/16)

Conogethes punctiferalis (Yellow Peach Moth) - New for Norfolk (Adventive) An adult moth flew in to a conservatory at Aylsham and was photographed by Allison Carroll, late morning, on 22 May 2016. Adventive species found in India and Pakistan through south-east Asia to Australia. Likely to have arrived as larvae in imported fruit.

Anatrachyntis badia (Florida Pink Scavenger) - New for Norfolk (Adventive) Another adventive species for Norfolk, recorded at a garden light trap in Costessey (M. Casey, 01/09/16) An American species, with a number of records now emerging from Europe. First UK record in 2001 of larvae found feeding on imported pomegranates from in a supermarket in Plymouth, Devon.

Phyllocnistis citrella (Citrus Leaf Miner) - New for Norfolk (Adventive) Tenanted mines were found on lemon plants at a garden centre in Rollesby (S. Wright, 14/09/2016) A pest species of Citrus trees in Europe, mines have been detected at port of entry to the UK by the Plant Health and Seed Inspectorate (PHSE) on many occasions.

Thaumatotibia leucotreta (False Codling Moth) - New for Norfolk (Adventive) Afrotropical species, recorded infrequently in the UK through accidental importation in citrus and other fruit, usually oranges. First Norfolk record of an adult male moth from a garden trap in Costessey. (J. Lowan, 13/09/16 - Gen. Det. J. Clifton)

Prays citri (Citrus Flower Moth) - New for Norfolk (Adventive) Another adventive pest species found at a garden centre in Norfolk. Several open network cocoons with exuviae (including one dead moth attached) on the underside of two lime plants found at Bressingham garden centre (B. Heckford, S. Beavan. 02/10/16)

Thera cupressata - Cypress Carpet - New for Norfolk Trapped on the coast at by Giles & Judy Dunmore, 15/10/16. Resident and suspected migrant species, first recorded at Walberton, West Sussex in November 1984. This species has since become increasingly common in parts of southern England. Recorded at Bradwell, Norfolk (VC25 Suffolk) in 2011. (Keith Knights, 04/10/11)

Ectoedemia arcuatella (Strawberry Pigmy) gangabella (Yellow-barred Dwarf) - First confirmed Norfolk records. First confirmed Norfolk record of arcuatella, the only Ectoedemia to mine Strawberry, and the only modern-day VC28 record of Elachista gangabella were both recorded as leaf-mines at Narborough Railway NWT during a meeting of the Norfolk Moth Survey group with John Langmaid and Brian Elliot (15/10/16) Norfolk Moth Survey Newsletter 90

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See complete list following this article.

Full details and photos of these and other records can be found on the website, along with various methods to submit your own records if you have not yet done so, including the On-line Recorder. www.norfolkmoths.co.uk

I would like to thank all those that have donated or subscribed to “Golden Cinnabar” membership on the website. Your continued support will keep the site running and allow for future development. See home page for more info and how you can help www.norfolkmoths.co.uk

Thanks also to Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies, and the Norfolk Moth Survey who fund the NOLA database system via your subscription.

NOTABLE NORFOLK RECORDS FOR 2016

Graham Geen - 02 May Cydia strobilella 1 28 Mundford from P. abies Adult Post Vic Norfolk cones 08 May Cydia strobilella 1 27 Costessey Matt Casey Adult New VC27 Dave Appleton, 19 May Hysterophora maculosana 1 28 Bittering Adult Post Vic VC28 Dave Norgate Cranwich Dave Appleton, 20 May Gravitarmata margarotana 3 28 Adult New Norfolk Heath Dave Norgate 22 May Conogethes punctiferalis (Yellow Peach Moth) 1 27 Aylsham Allison Carroll Adult New Norfolk (Adventive) Bob Heckford, Stella 10 Jun Elachista stabilella 3 28 Castle Acre Adult New Norfolk Beavan 30 Jun Cnephasia pasiuana 1 28 Holkham Greg Bond Adult Post Vic Norfolk St. Helens 03 Jul saturatella 2 28 Graham Geen Case Post Vic VC28 (Brecks) 07 Jul Paratalanta pandalis 1 28 Methwold Graham Geen Adult Post Vic Norfolk 08 Jul Elachista subocellea 1 28 Methwold Graham Geen Adult Post Vic Norfolk North 19 Jul Royal Mantle Catarhoe cuculata 1 27 Barry Pummell Adult New VC27 Tuddenham 23 Jul Herb Emerald* 1 27 Costessey Matthew Casey Adult New UK (Adventive) 24 Jul Ochsenheimeria vacculella 1 27 Walsey Hills David Bratt Adult New Norfolk 24 Jul Cydalima perspectalis (Box Moth) 1 28 Dersingham Dick Jones Adult New VC28 (Adventive) North 27 Jul Depressaria sordidatella (Chervil Flat-body) 1 28 Dave Appleton Adult Post Vic Norfolk Elmham 30 Jul Aristotelia brizella 1 27 Sheringham Rob Lee Adult New VC27 North 17 Aug Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar 1 28 Andrew Culshaw Adult Post Vic Norfolk (New VC28) Creake 22 Aug Tebenna micalis 1 27 Costessey Matthew Casey Adult New Norfolk 25 Aug Beautiful Marbled Eublemma purpurina 1 27 Filby Dave Hipperson Adult New Norfolk 01 Sep badia (Florida Pink Scavenge) 1 27 Costessey Matthew Casey Adult New Norfolk (Adventive) James Lowan (det. 13 Sep Thaumatotibia leucotreta (False Codling Moth) 1 27 Costessey Adult New Norfolk (Adventive) J. Clifton) 14 Sep Phyllocnistis citrella (Citrus Leaf Miner) 1 27 Rollesby Stewart Wright Mine New Norfolk (Adventive) 1 Bob Heckford, Stella 02 Oct Prays citri (Citrus Flower Moth) 27 Bressingham Cocoons New Norfolk (Adventive) 5 Beavan 15 Oct Ectoedemia arcuatella 1 28 Narborough Norfolk Moth Survey Mine New Norfolk (?) 15 Oct Elachista gangabella 1 28 Narborough Norfolk Moth Survey Mine Post Vic VC28 Giles & Judy 15 Oct Cypress Carpet cupressata 1 27 Sheringham Adult New Norfolk Dunmore

Jim Wheeler County Moth Recorder

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IMPORTANT NOTE TO NORFOLK MOTH RECORDERS

We are aware that there has been quite an uptake in the dissection of moths for determination purposes this year. This we would encourage, but recorders must note that if you have identified a notable species by genitalia determination please make/retain/photograph the preparation to allow confirmation by the county recorders, otherwise records may not be accepted. Please make a note on the records sent in that a dissection was made otherwise the same will apply.

Jon Clifton, Jim Wheeler, Dave Hipperson & Ken Saul

WHAT'S IN A NAME? Having just finished a paper that listed hundreds of micro moths by their Latin and common names I found that some people like the common names and others just do not use them. Everyone knows what a Brussels Lace or a Blood-vein is, although Cleorodes lichenaria & Timandra comae are not obvious to all, and to some people they are words that are never read or even spoken. The common names are sufficient for their purpose and they have no need of Latin. The common names are what they say, common.

But then we come to the Micros. Many micros are tiny, they cannot be seen easily and for many mothers* they are ignored and forgotten. A few of them have common names like Garden Pebble or Rush Veneer, showing that they are fairly commonly trapped, but Norfolk Owlet, Virgin Smoke, and Marbled Cosmet leave most mothers cold. They don't make sense, say the naysayers, but then, does Anomalous, Saxon or Alchymist? It all depends on what you are used to. The common names are just as memorable as the Latin ones and in fact are probably easier to remember, being made up of commonly- used syllables. Does Aspilapteryx tringipennella roll off the tongue or Ribwort Slender? Can you break down Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella into manageable syllables to get your tongue around or would Large Midget do better?

Then it comes to the identification of observers. Whilst researching the moths of Dersingham I found that one observer was listed by no fewer than six varieties of his name. That person was me! I must admit that I didn't help matters when I changed from Richard to Dick at university, back in the mists of time, where there were in my year's intake, I think, eight people with the name R. Jones and we wanted to be identifiable. Hence Dick.

If I have written a paper I am R. E. Jones but otherwise I am Dick Jones. Sounds simple doesn't it? The trouble is other people send in records that include me in the list and they call me by various versions of my name, R., R.E., Dick etc. It was not too bad until the internet came along. Then it wanted passwords etc. to get into a site. Yes, you've guessed it. plain R. E. Jones won't do, Dick Jones is even worse. There are millions of R. E. Joneses. When I logged into the Norfolk Moths website I used Richard Evan Jones to distinguish myself from at least one other R. Jones who was prominent in the N.N.N.S. at the time. Now the fact that you can use an initial with a full stop after it or just by itself has led to even more varieties of my name, according to the computer.

Of course this is a problem that only affects me and people like Jim Wheeler, who have to deal with the problem from the point of view of recorder. Does it really matter I wonder? Perhaps there is a button on his computer that can do a global swap and end up with just one name. But I wonder, are there any other R. Joneses mothing in Norfolk? There is at least one other Dick Jones who is a mother in Lincolnshire.

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Page 5 of 20 Dick Jones (also known as Richard Evan Jones, Richard E Jones, R E Jones, R Jones, Dick E Jones etc. all with, or without a dot after the initials.) [*mothers is a term that describes people who study moths. It is also a term for women who have children. In some cases the same term can be applied to both at the same time!]

GARDEN SITES TOP 10 Many recorders like to keep a list of all species recorded in their Norfolk gardens. With this in mind I thought it would be interesting to use the NOLA database system to automatically generate a chart of the garden sites in Norfolk that have the most species listed. To try and level the playing field, I didn’t include any aggregate species (agg.) or general species groups (sp.) and of course only confirmed and verified records. The system counts distinct species listed within the 100m area of a single 8 figure grid reference, assuming most recorders will always use the same gridref for all their garden records. It can be different recorders at the same site. While this formula may not cover all gardens, and in some cases, may cover more, it gives a reasonable sample, and is only for fun! The automatically updated charts, with species lists, are on display here…. www.norfolkmoths.co.uk/garden_sites_top10.php

Below are the charts as listed on 22/10/2016

Top 10 Gardens – Macros and Micros Location Recorder Gridref VC Species 1 Mundford Graham Geen TL789939 28 883 2 Jon Clifton TG045297 27 854 3 Dersingham Dick Jones TF687305 28 770 4 Eccles Neil Bowman TG416285 27 741 5 New Costessey Matthew Casey TG185102 27 712 6 North Elmham Dave Appleton TF987206 28 695 7 Great Ellingham Chris Knott TM017967 28 685 8 Honing Phil Heath TG332272 27 666 9 Costessey Adrian Gardiner TG189108 27 656 10 Stewart Wright TG424176 27 654

Top 10 Gardens – Macro Moths Only Location Recorder Gridref VC Species 1 Weybourne Martin Preston TG110434 27 450 2 Eccles on Sea Neil Bowman TG416285 27 450 3 Hockwold John Fenn (deceased) TL733882 28 435 4 Barnham Broom John Geeson TG077074 27 426 5 Caston Gerry Haggett TL953982 28 424 6 Mundford Graham Geen TL789939 28 422 7 Hindolveston Jon Clifton TG045297 27 410 8 Great Ellingham Chris Knott TM017967 28 403 9 Scole Mike Hall TM151792 27 398 10 Holme Peter Clarke TF707432 28 385

Of course the computer can only count records that are in the NOLA database, so please submit your garden records if you have not done so. www.norfolkmoths.co.uk

Jim Wheeler

ROYDON COMMON - 4TH JUNE

The heaths and bogs of West Norfolk have outlying populations of a few species with a more northerly distribution within the UK, one of these being Light Knotgrass.

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Page 6 of 20 Although still occasionally recorded at Dersingham, there have been no recent records from Roydon Common and this meeting was timed in an attempt to rectify this.

The group convened at the principal car park in the NE corner of the common. As there were a fair number of us, and the common straddles different tetrads, it was decided to run traps in a variety of locations. Although the evening was fine with some cloud, an unfortunate breeze knocked the temperatures back, and those that could, placed their traps in more sheltered locations. One group sited their traps in the lea of some in the NE corner of the common, while another group placed theirs by the old railway line near the SW corner. Three traps were also taken out onto the southern part of the open common and sited next to an extensive stand of Bog Myrtle, the food plant of our target species, the Light Knotgrass.

Several species were located during the afternoon by searching for mines and larvae, and these included Coleophora pyrrhulipennella in the heather, Eriocrania sparrmannella, Eriocrania salopiella, Luffia ferchaultella and blattariella. Species recorded as flying adults obviously reflected the heath and bog habitats, and included the pRDB Phyllonorycter kuhlweiniella, Exoteleia dodecella, Cochylis nana, Ancylis uncella, Ancylis geminana, Anania verbascalis and Dioryctria simplicella. Less common geometer species seen were Maiden's Blush, Purple Bar, Valerian Pug, Small Seraphim, Peacock Moth and Tawny-barred Angle. One or two strongly marked Common Heaths, a species more usually located during the day, caused some brief puzzlement when they came into the traps. Noctuid species noted included Small Elephant Hawk-moth, Great Prominent, Orange Footman, Least Black Arches, White Colon, Light Brocade, Dog's Tooth and True Lover's Knot, a typical species where there is heather.

Sadly no Light Knotgrass were recorded. The cooling breeze may have made them reluctant flyers on the night, or the cold spring/early summer may well have delayed their emergence time, as it did with many species this year. Given the long standing and extensive stands of Bog Myrtle present on the site it should still be present.

Many thanks to the NWT for their permission to trap on the reserve, and to the staff for their help in accessing the open heath and bog.

Phil. Heath

HEDENHAM WOODS – 11TH JUNE I arrived late to this venue, which is about 12 miles SE of Norwich, after a long journey back from Pembrokeshire. By the time I got to the meeting point, everyone had moved to the trapping area a good distance away. Fortunately for me, the landowner was also late and he kindly took me to the site where everyone had chosen their spot and the lights were already on. So it was a matter of setting up in haste in near darkness.

My notes inform me that the weather was cloudy with light rain at times, 15 deg. There had been heavy rain during the afternoon and this seemed to affect the moth population which was rather reluctant to take to the wing. So the evening followed the pattern of many this year – rather disappointing results on what seemed to be a promising night with good cloud cover, a reasonable temperature and top class site. 72 species were recorded with nothing really outstanding.

The star of the show among the macros was a good fresh and very photographable Green Arches. Not much to get excited about among the other macros, but nice to see Moth which seems to have turned up more regularly than usual indicating that it possibly had a better year than many other species. Also Gold Swift which is not seen all that often.

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Page 7 of 20 So it was the micros that provided the most interest. Possibly the best one was Pammene albuginana, this being the 7th Norfolk record and a first for several of the dozen or so people who turned up. The larvae of this moth feed inside galls. A few Ptychioloma lecheana were recorded and one of the longhorns which was identified as Nematopogon schwarziellus.

A search before the light faded produced a few case-bearers including Psyche casta and the less common Coleophora paripenella (Dark Thistle Case-bearer). To complete the list were the of Luffia ferchaultella and Anacampsis blattariella ( Sober) this being the 20th record for Norfolk. So in the end, a pleasant evening, in spite of everything being so wet, and a pleasure to be out in the field enjoying the company of the lads from Norfolk.

Brian Jones

HOLKHAM DUNES - 16TH JUNE

The forecast hadn't been great for our night at Holkham but it turned out to be cloudier than we'd expected, the wind dropped right down and at first it didn't feel as cold as we'd feared. We set up at the west end of the with several lights in different habitats. Despite the weather being better than forecast the moths didn’t seem to notice – it all seemed a bit slow although we did manage to find a few things of interest that made the evening worthwhile.

Those that arrived early enough to do some dusking beforehand found some Ectoedemia heringella while Stewart also found mines of suberivora and Acrocercops brongniardella, larval tube of Luffia ferchaultella and larva of the rare ‘Norfolk Owlet’ inspersella. The birders among us were treated to Great White Egret and 5 Spoonbills flying over Lady Anne’s Drive as we waited to go in.

Surprisingly we found more micros coming to the lights than macros with Teleiopsis diffinis and Caryocolum marmorea both appearing in numbers. Other highlights included Eulamprotes wilkella, Mompha raschkiella, Gynnidomorpha vectisana, Aethes tesserana, Isotrias rectifasciana, Epinotia abbreviana, Cydia coniferana and Cydia conicolana. Nothing very remarkable among the macros although Pine Carpet is one some of hadn’t seen very often before. Peacock Moth, Bordered White and Archer’s Dart were also recorded but just 28 species of macro was a disappointing total. Perhaps the one that received the most attention from the moth paparazzi was the Privet Hawkmoth that appeared on a signpost shortly before we packed up.

Many thanks to the team at Holkham for allowing us vehicular access so we could get our equipment in place – I hope we have another chance to return here another year, hopefully on a warmer night.

Dave Appleton

BOUGHTON FEN – 2ND JULY

Boughton Fen covers around 40 acres of land situated on shallow fen peats in the valley of a tributary of the near Stoke Ferry and Oxborough in west Norfolk. The site comprises three separate parcels of land named Highland Fen, Middle Fen, and Lower Fen. The area is also a nationally designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) This is one of my favourite sites in west Norfolk, and being relatively close to home, I usually manage one or two trapping visits annually. A good selection of notable species has been recorded over the years including Coleophora tamesis, muscosella, Ancylis badiana, Ancylis diminutana, Valerian Pug, Dentated Pug, Grey Carpet, Marsh Norfolk Moth Survey Newsletter 90

Page 8 of 20 Carpet, Reed Dagger, Water Ermine, Rosy Marbled and Mere Wainscot. The site also has historic records of Silver Barred and Reed Leopard!

Unfortunately, on a rather cold and damp July evening in 2016, most of the above notable species stayed away. Several traps were set along the western edge of Middle Fen including MV traps a sheet and various actinic heath traps. Even though the quantity of moths seen was way down on previous visits, we did record 117 distinct species, greatly helped by Stewart Wright listing several leaf-mines new to the site including Ectoedemia louisella, Stigmella salicis, Stigmella obliquella, Stigmella perpygmaeella and larval records of Agonopterix angelicella, Coleophora serratella and Scrobipalpa acuminatella. The notable B species Ethmia quadrillella was seen, as was Scythropia crataegella, Coleophora anatipennella and Epinotia signatana (Gen. Det. David Appleton) all new to the site.

Jim Wheeler

HILLS AND HOLES - 9TH JULY

Hills-and-Holes is a small Breckland site that I have been visiting for many years. Although there are areas of maturing pine plantations, I've always been struck by the range of mature deciduous trees elsewhere on the site. Within the woodland there are numerous pingos, and at the centre of the site these have undergone significant restoration and are kept in an open condition by cattle grazing.

Daytime visits in the past produced some interesting species, but given the range of habitats and diversity of plant species, I've always been certain that light trapping would be especially productive. I was therefore pleased when the NMG secured permission to trap here, and very pleased with the weather forecast for the evening.

There was a good turnout for the event, and a number of traps were run around the site and a good number of species that are nationally scarce or local were recorded. Nationally scarce species noted were Festoon, Coleophora pennella, Eulamprotes wilkella, Batrachedra pinicolella and Mere Wainscot. Hornet Clearwing was recorded from exit holes, although as almost every mature poplar in the county that I've examined is tenanted, I suspect that this species has been grossly under recorded in the past and its status may need re-evaluating.

An excellent number of micro moths regarded as nationally local were recorded on the night including Cedestis gysscleniella, Coleophora kuehniella, Coleophora paripennella, Ethmia dodecea, Sophronia semicostella, Syncopecma larseniella, Acompsia cinerella, Anarsia spartiella, Phalonidia manniana, Archips crataegana, Archips rosana, Celypha rivulana, Piniphila bifasciana, Eucosma obumbratana, Clavigesta purdeyi, Phyacionia buoliana, Scoparia basistrigalis and Acrobasis consociella.

The pingos produced a number of wetland species, perhaps more typical of , including Chilo phragmitella, Calamotropha paludella, Donacaula forficella and Beautiful China-mark. Larger nationally local moths included Gold Swift, Lesser Cream Wave, Dwarf Cream Wave, Scallop Shell, Brown Scallop, Sharp-angled Carpet, Clouded Magpie, White Satin, Rosy Footman, Red-necked Footman, Four- dotted Footman, Buff Footman, Sycamore, Miller, Coronet, Blackneck and Beautiful Hooktip. Species regarded as common nationally, but scarce in the county included Acleris ferrugana and, hiding among the much commoner and Mottled Beautys, a couple of Satin Beautys.

In total a very impressive 229 species were recorded during the course of this one evening trapping, which is a good indicator of the variety and richness of this site which surely merits further trapping at other times of the year.

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Page 9 of 20 Many thanks to the Forestry Commission for permission to trap at this splendid location, in particular Tim Frost and Rachael Riley who joined us on the night and organised access.

Phil. Heath

QUEEN’S HILLS COUNTRY PARK, COSTESSEY – 30TH JULY

Queen's Hills Country Park is an area of just over 30ha that has been put aside as an area for wildlife and local recreation as part of the development of the Queen's Hills settlement in Costessey. It sits on the side of the River Tud valley and includes a wide range of habitats for a relatively small area with mature dry and wet woodland, scrub, grassland associated with previous aggregates extraction and floodplain grassland/ fen. More recent changes associated with the development include sustainable urban drainage with a pond and inundation grassland and areas that have been sown with a wild flower mix.

The country park is due to be managed by Council. An initial assessment of the site in 2014 showed the area to be very diverse and supporting a rich flora and associated fauna. It also identified the site as potentially most important for certain groups, so in 2015 Tim Strudwick carried out work on the solitary bees and wasps. He found 96 species to be present including several nationally rare and scarce species, and concluded that it was probably the best brownfield site in the Norwich area.

In the light of the apparent value of the site, and a strong desire to influence good management decisions on the site when South Norfolk Council take control, the moth survey visit was set up. Aside from the nearby car crash and the difficulty accessing the site at the start of the evening, the conditions were looking good for the decent crowd that turned out.

A good diversity was recorded during the evening with 136 species noted, although there were no significant rarities. Stewart Wright did a good job of identifying 18 species from mines, which provided some of the best records of the evening. Stigmella sakhalinella, Heliozela resplendella, Bucculatrix demaryella, Phyllonorycter viminiella, and Phyllocnistis saligna were the more unusual species recorded. Other notable micro records were Yponomeuta padella, Coleophora alcyonipennella, Apotomis capreana, Platytes alpinella, and Crombrugghia distans.

The macros were typical of mid-summer, with Shaded Broad-bar being particularly abundant at the traps. The more localised species recorded during the night were Least Carpet, Black Arches, Round-winged Muslin, Rosy footman, Scarce footman and Crescent.

Thank you to all those who attended and contributed to the knowledge of this great site. It is hoped that over the coming years, understanding of the moths at Queen's Hills will build on this valuable start and lead to some interesting discoveries.

Adrian Gardiner

CLAXTON MANOR – 6TH AUGUST

Our previous visit to Claxton Manor had proved to be a successful affair, not only in terms of moths recorded, but also in the unexpected – though very welcome – liquid hospitality that was proffered. It was perhaps therefore rather surprising that only about half a dozen recorders gathered in the farm yard on this occasion. We were later joined by a couple here on holiday who were running traps in the Surlingham area the same

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Page 10 of 20 evening. We then discovered that the South Yare Wildlife Group were also holding a moth night at the same time, literally just along the road from our location.

With only four mv lights at our disposal, we decided to string out along the long track through the marshes, leading down to the river – the same location where some of us had positioned ourselves the previous summer. The mild, calm conditions seemed very promising while we were setting up, and we enjoyed seeing some of the other wildlife of the area – including hobby, peregrine and Chinese water deer.

Initially, the traps were very active – albeit as much with flies and mozzies as moths. Early arrivals included typical species like Chilo phragmitella, Calamatropha paludella and Reed Dagger. There were also good numbers of what we perceived to be Bactra lancealana. Several of these were retained for closer examination later, whereupon the majority were found to actually be Bactra furfurana – usually a less-frequently recorded species.

Alongside a good selection of Wainscot species – Southern, Brown-veined, Twin- spotted, and Webb’s – it was good to record species like Garden Tiger, Poplar Hawk and Prominent as well. As the evening progressed, the air began to turn rather damp and chilly, with a corresponding noticeable dip in activity at the lights. I think most of us decided to forego the refreshments again, opting instead to close down the traps a bit earlier than we may have expected.

Several micros had been retained and one of these, following dissection by Graham Geen, turned out to be the “nationally scarce” Coleophora salicorniae. Usually associated with saltmarsh, its larvae feed on samphire, and I have previously reared specimens from . The plant extends its distribution inland somewhat along the tidal reaches of the Yare, so we presume our moth had wandered here from further downstream.

Our final species total for the night was seventy-five. A reasonable list, including several local and scarce species, reflecting the undoubted richness of the site again.

Ken Saul

SURLINGHAM CHURCH MARSH - 27 AUGUST 2016

Church Marsh is a small RSPB reserve on the South side of the River Yare, it is part of the 7 mile long Mid Yare RSPB reserve that includes Strumpshaw Fen and Buckenham Marshes. The reserve contains a very good example of herb rich grazed fen containing many fen plant species as well as being bordered by broadleaf woodland and a small plantation. With all of these habitats in close proximity and very little moth trapping having occurred at this site we didn’t really know what to expect in late August. The evening was warm and cloudy, we waited until dusk for any late comers and then set 2 MV traps and Dave Appleton’s sheet up and waited.

It took a little while for the moths to come in but we eventually got a good list of 86 species together. The highlight was a superbly marked Silver Hook, the first record for the Yare Valley since 1985, so not only good looking but quite a local rarity. Other macros of note included Pinion-streaked Snout, Figure of 80, Tawny-barred Angle, White-point, Crescent, Purple Bar, Gold Spot, Triple-spotted Pug (DA) and an Old Lady. The Wainscots were a little short in number considering the site, however, Webb’s, Small, Large and Southern Wainscots were all noted on the night.

The micros were past their July peak, but we still managed at least 26 species including Cryptoblabes bistriga, Orthotelia sparganella, Epinotia nisella, Coleophora alcyonipennella (DA) along with a selection of common grass and reed species. It was fitting that we had a number of Cameraria ohridella, the Horse Chestnut leaf-miner in the traps, this being Norfolk Moth Survey Newsletter 90

Page 11 of 20 the location that it was first discovered in Norfolk by Andy Musgrove in 2004; it’s amazing how this has rapidly spread across the county now.

An extra 35 species were found by Stewart Wright a week later when he had a look for leaf mines, 35 extra species of Phyllonorycter, Caloptilia, Stigmella etc is very valuable data, so thanks for taking the time Stewart. This list also made me wish I’d have been able to go to the leaf miners day recently! Thanks to everyone who came for the night, it was great to get some good species on the night and I’m sure we will all remember the Silver Hook that graced Dave’s sheet for most of the night!

Ben Lewis

BANHAM ZOO – 10TH SEPTEMBER

Banham Zoo held its first 24 hour bioblitz on the 10th – 11th September this year. I arrived on the Saturday afternoon in order to record the leaf mining . The site has many mature trees, with a good selection of native species as well ornamental varieties. Most of the enclosures contain a lot of vegetation to give them seclusion, which provides plenty of habitats for moths.

The first and most obvious species noted was Cameraria ohridella. Most of the Horse Chestnuts were now heavily infested, with some leaves almost completely covered in mines. The Stigmella was well represented, with 21 species noted. These included S. glutinosae on Italian Alder, S. speciosa on Sycamore and S. tiliae on Lime. S. suberivora was found on Holm Oak alongside the nationally scarce Ectoedemia heringella. Among the 17 species of Phyllonorycter recorded were P. esperella on Hornbeam and P. joannisi on Norway Maple. Phyllocnisits xenia was widespread on the Grey Poplar; with P. saligna found on a number of . Several larval exit holes of the Hornet Moth were noted around the bases of some of the mature poplars.

A few adult moths were found resting on buildings where lights had been left on overnight. These included Monopsis laevigella, Common Marbled Carpet, Square-spot Rustic and Snout. In total 70 moth species had been recorded before dusk.

When more moth recorders arrived in the evening, so did the rain. After a heavy shower, the skies began to clear and the temperature dropped leaving us with a far from ideal night for mothing. Three MV traps were deployed around the site, attracting a further 20 species of moth as well as a variety of other insects. The larger moths included Dusky Thorn, Ruby Tiger and Bulrush Wainscot. Among the micros were Elachista alpinella and Pediasia contaminella, both of which are nationally scarce.

By midday on Sunday over 550 native species had been recorded on the site and plans are already being made for another bioblitz next year.

Stewart Wright

LEAF MINE DAY, MARHAM FEN & NARBOROUGH RAILWAY EMBANKMENT – 15TH OCTOBER

Fourteen recorders gathered for what has become our regular biennial day searching for leaf mines. As usual, we were privileged to be led in our endeavours once again by John Langmaid and Brian Elliott.

The venue on this occasion was Marham Fen – a mixed habitat of damp woodland, scrub and chalky fen grassland. The resulting variety of trees and shrubs ensured that there was plenty for us to peruse, with almost sixty different species being recorded by the end

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Page 12 of 20 of the morning. Willows, alder, hawthorn, blackthorn, birch and oak all yielded characteristic species. More localised shrubs, such as a good amount of buckthorn, also added to the tally, supporting Stigmella catharticella, Bucculatrix frangutella and an unidentified tortricid larva, whose identity may remain a mystery until successfully reared out.

Much of the open area had recently been mown prior to our visit, but larval galls of the little plume moth Adaina microdactyla were found on hemp agrimony. Our return towards the car park via a different track gave the opportunity to search other different trees, including apple and field maple. The latter provided records of Phyllonorycter acerifoliella and the larger, characteristic leaf rolls of Caloptilia semifascia. It was good to have pointed out the mines of Ectoedemia louisella in the green samaras too.

Two coleophorid species were noted in their larval cases – C. gryphipennella on rose and C. lineolea on hedge woundwort. Meanwhile, the attractive larva of the tortrix Ancylis mitterbacheriana on oak gained much attention from the photographers among us.

Following the obligatory pub lunch at the King’s Arms at Shouldham, most of us then headed for the NWT reserve at Narborough Railway Embankment. Initially, the similar assemblage of trees and shrubs, again including buckthorn, resulted in many of the same species being recorded as earlier in the day. However, the addition of wych produced a few extra things, including several mines of Phyllonorycter tristrigella. As we progressed onto the more open areas of the chalk embankment, a different caste of species was encountered, including the well-disguised cases of Coleophora artemisicolella on mugwort and the beautiful characteristic red leaf mines of Enteucha acetosae on sorrel.

It was here also that we discovered the day’s two highlights. Firstly, the mines of the nationally scarce Ectoedemia arcuatella on wild strawberry constituted the first confirmed record for Norfolk. The mines of Elachista gangabella then turned out to be the first post-Victorian record for the West Norfolk vice-county.

With a species haul here of over fifty, our aggregate total for the day was around the seventy mark – a very satisfactory return for our searching. We must also record again our grateful thanks to John and Brian for all their help and inspiration.

Ken Saul

NORFOLK MIGRANT RECORDS LIST FOR 2016

Listed in the chart below are the migrant species records received by the County Recorder for 2016. I have not listed the common migrants Silver Y, Dark Sword-grass, Udea ferrugalis, Plutella xylostella, & Nomophila noctuella. Also not listed is Hummingbird Hawk Moth which has now become one of our commonest migrant species. (Should anyone wish to have a list of any of these species please contact me personally). White-point & Red-necked Footman records are not listed as we are unable to say which records are migrants and which are residents. The records are for single adult moths unless given otherwise in the notes column.

Date Taxon Common Site Recorder Method Notes dead in 24 Feb Duponchelia fovealis Norwich J. Emerson Fld. building. 05 May Duponchelia fovealis R. Coleman Ind. 16 May Costaconvexa polygrammata Many-lined Ingham S. Wright MV 21 Jun Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 22 Jun Evergestis extimalis Mundford G. Geen & D. Coleman MV 22 Jun Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen & D. Coleman MV x2 24 Jun Ostrinia nubilalis Strumpshaw Fen B. Lewis MV Norfolk Moth Survey Newsletter 90

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Date Taxon Common Site Recorder Method Notes 24 Jun Ostrinia nubilalis Strumpshaw Fen B. Lewis MV 27 Jun Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x3 01 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis J. Swalwell Fld. 02 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x2 03 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x2 03 Jul Spodoptera exigua Small Mottled Willow Hindolveston J. Clifton MV 04 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 05 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Aldeby B. Jones MV/Act. x2 06 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 07 Jul Lithosia quadra Four-spotted Footman Ashby Warren B. Jones, K. Knights MV/Act. x3 08 Jul Evergestis extimalis Mundford G. Geen MV 08 Jul Heliothis peltigera Bordered Straw Ingoldisthorpe R. Roche MV 08 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 11 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x2 13 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Dersingham R. Evan Jones MV 13 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Shimpling S. Wakeham MV 14 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x3 15 Jul Catoptria verellus Aldeby B. Jones, K. Knights MV/Act. 15 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Aldeby B. Jones, K. Knights MV/Act. x3 15 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 16 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x2 16 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis North Elmham D. Appleton MV 16 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Eccles N. Bowman MV 17 Jul Heliothis peltigera Bordered Straw Ingoldisthorpe R. Roche MV 17 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x2 17 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Horsey T. Hodge MV 18 Jul Evergestis extimalis Mundford G. Geen MV 18 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x3 18 Jul Sitochroa palealis Mundford G. Geen MV 21 Jul italica Shimpling S. Wakeham Fld. 21 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Herringfleet Marshes B. Jones, K. Knights MV/Act. 21 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Great Ellingham C. Knott MV 21 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 21 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Dersingham J. Hodgkinson MV 21 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Cranwich Camp J. Swalwell net 21 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Eccles N. Bowman MV 21 Jul Sitochroa palealis Mundford G. Geen MV 22 Jul Metalampra italica Shimpling S. Wakeham Fld. 22 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 23 Jul Evergestis extimalis Horsey T. Hodge MV 23 Jul Microloxia herbaria Herb Emerald Costessey M. Casey MV 1st UK record 23 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x2 23 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Dersingham J. Hodgkinson MV 23 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Repps S. Wright MV 24 Jul Costaconvexa polygrammata Many-lined Filby D. Hipperson MV 24 Jul Oncocera semirubella D.W. Longden MV 24 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Eccles N. Bowman MV 25 Jul Sitochroa palealis Northacre L. Lawes MV 26 Jul Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Surlingham G. Lincoln MV 26 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Thorpe A. Allen MV 27 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Claxton J. Bradley Act. 28 Jul Enargia paleacea Angle-striped Sallow Dersingham R. Evan Jones MV 29 Jul Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Dersingham J. Hodgkinson MV 29 Jul Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Dersingham J. Hodgkinson MV

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Date Taxon Common Site Recorder Method Notes 29 Jul Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV x2 31 Jul Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Shimpling S. Wakeham MV 01 Aug Sitochroa palealis Sedgeford A. Ramsay Unsp. 02 Aug Evergestis extimalis Horsey T. Hodge MV 02 Aug Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 02 Aug Ostrinia nubilalis Repps S. Wright MV 03 Aug Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Norwich N. Watmough Act. 04 Aug Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 05 Aug Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Mundford G. Geen MV x2 05 Aug Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 06 Aug Cydia amplana Strumpshaw Fen B. Lewis MV 07 Aug Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Stow Bridge K. Leighton MV 07 Aug Hyles gallii Bedstraw Hawk-moth Burnham Overy Dunes J. Emerson Fld. Larva 08 Aug Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Norwich A. Dawson Unsp. 13 Aug Spodoptera exigua Small Mottled Willow R. Eagling MV 16 Aug Diplopseustis perieresalis Costessey M. Casey & A. Holden MV 17 Aug Cydia amplana Stow Bridge K. Leighton MV 17 Aug Lymantria dispar Gypsy Moth North Creake A. Culshaw MV 18 Aug Metalampra italica Shimpling S. Wakeham MV 22 Aug Metalampra italica Shimpling S. Wakeham MV 22 Aug Tebenna micalis Costessey M. Casey & A. Holden Fld. 24 Aug Cryphia algae Tree-lichen Beauty Shimpling S. Wakeham MV 24 Aug Helicoverpa armigera Scarce Bordered Straw Sheringham R. J. Eagling MV x2 24 Aug Metalampra italica Shimpling S. Wakeham MV 25 Aug Duponchelia fovealis Dersingham J. Hodgkinson MV 25 Aug Eublemma purpurina Beautiful Marbled Filby D. Hipperson MV 25 Aug Ostrinia nubilalis Mundford G. Geen MV 25 Aug sacraria Vestal Ingoldisthorpe R. Roche MV 25 Aug Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Lyng R. Holt Act. 26 Aug Duponchelia fovealis Dersingham J. Hodgkinson MV 26 Aug autumnaria Large Thorn Welney A. De Burgess Act. x2 26 Aug Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn M. Gasson MV x2 26 Aug Helicoverpa armigera Scarce Bordered Straw Holme NWT J. Swalwell MV x3 26 Aug Helicoverpa armigera Scarce Bordered Straw Eccles N. Bowman MV 26 Aug Nycterosea obstipata Gem P. Hampson Act. 26 Aug Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Holme NWT J. Swalwell MV 26 Aug Spodoptera exigua Small Mottled Willow Horsey T. Hodge MV 27 Aug Helicoverpa armigera Scarce Bordered Straw Eccles N. Bowman MV 27 Aug Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Stoke Holy Cross D. Jones MV 27 Aug Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Horsey T. Hodge MV 28 Aug Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Martham Y. Mynett MV 28 Aug Metalampra italica Shimpling S. Wakeham Fld. 28 Aug Nycterosea obstipata Gem North Walsham P. Hampson Act. 29 Aug Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Welney A. De Burgess Act. x3 29 Aug Nycterosea obstipata Gem North Walsham P. Hampson Act. 29 Aug Rhodometra sacraria Vestal P. Cartlidge Act. 30 Aug Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Hindolveston J. Clifton MV 30 Aug Nycterosea obstipata Gem Hindolveston J. Clifton MV 30 Aug Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Horsey T. Hodge MV 02 Sep Metalampra italica Shimpling S. Wakeham MV 03 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Sheringham M. PadFld. Fld. feeding 03 Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Marshland Fen K. Tarsey MV 05 Sep Diplopseustis perieresalis Costessey M. Casey & A. Holden MV x2 06 Sep Metalampra italica Shimpling S. Wakeham MV x4

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Date Taxon Common Site Recorder Method Notes Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn07 Welney A. De Burgess Act. x2 07 Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Welney A. De Burgess Act. x3 07 Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Upwell J. Wheeler Act. 07 Sep Heliothis peltigera Bordered Straw Trowse J. Sutton Unsp. 07 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Beachamwell S. Pennell MV 08 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Reepham R. Richmond Fld. feeding 08 Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Dersingham R. Evan Jones MV 08 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Mundford G. Geen MV 08 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia South Lopham R. Langston Act. 12 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth C. Murray Fld. basking 12 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Horsey T. Hodge MV 12 Sep Nycterosea obstipata Gem Cantley S. Smith MV 12 Sep Rhodometra sacraria Vestal Mundford G. Geen MV 13 Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Welney A. De Burgess Act. 13 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Dereham D. Norgate MV 13 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Mundford G. Geen MV 14 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Banham L. Broom-Lynne Fld. 14 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth N. Chambers Fld. Larva 14 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Potter Heigham S. Wright MV 14 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Mundford G. Geen MV x3 14 Sep Ostrinia nubilalis Potter Heigham S. Wright MV 14 Sep Spodoptera exigua Small Mottled Willow North Tuddenham B. Pummell MV 15 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Barford D. Massen Fld. 15 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth D. Miller Fld. Feeding 15 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Mundford G. Geen MV 15 Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Welney A. De Burgess Act. 17 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth West J. Stock-Allchurch Fld. 17 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Horsey T. Hodge MV 18 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Mundford G. Geen MV 18 Sep Macdunnoughia confusa Dewick's Plusia Hethersett S. Youngs MV 19 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Aylsham M. PadFld. Fld. 20 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Overstrand D. Miller Fld. Feeding 20 Sep Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn Welney A. De Burgess Act. 26 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Overstrand D. Miller Fld. Feeding 27 Sep Helicoverpa armigera Scarce Bordered Straw Eccles N. Bowman MV 28 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth A. Hatton Fld. 29 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Swainsthorpe J. Rixon Unsp. 30 Sep Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Overstrand D. Miller Act. 01 Oct Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Dersingham J. Hodgkinson Fld. 03 Oct Peridroma saucia Pearly Underwing Stoke Holy Cross D. Jones MV 05 Oct Nycterosea obstipata Gem Bradwell I. Scott Act. 07 Oct Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Lyng C. Sayer MV 07 Oct Palpita vitrealis Costessey M. Casey MV 07 Oct Palpita vitrealis Costessey M. Casey MV 14 Oct Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth Titchwell I. Barton & K. Rosewarne Fld. Larva 14 Oct Nycterosea obstipata Gem Costessey M. Casey & A. Holden MV 15 Oct Thera cupressata Cypress Carpet Beeston Bump G. & J. Dunmore MV 16 Oct Nycterosea obstipata Gem Costessey M. Casey & A. Holden MV 17 Oct Helicoverpa armigera Scarce Bordered Straw Eccles N. Bowman MV 17 Oct Nycterosea obstipata Gem Costessey M. Casey & A. Holden MV 19 Oct Nycterosea obstipata Gem Costessey M. Casey MV 19 Oct Peridroma saucia Pearly Underwing North Walsham P. Hampson Act. 23 Oct Xylena vetusta Red Sword-grass Eccles N. Bowman MV

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Key to method column abbreviations:- Fld. – Field Record: Ind. – Recorded in building MV - Attracted to MV light: Act.– Attracted to Actinic light : Unsp. – Unknown

Dave Hipperson.

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PHOTOGRAPHS

Phyllocnistis citrella Tebenna micalis Photo courtesy of Stewart Wright Photo courtesy of Matthew Casey

Gravitarmata margarotana Thaumatotibia leucotreta Photo courtesy of Dave Appleton Photo courtesy of David Norgate

Herb Emerald Microloxia herbaria Conogethes punctiferalis Photo courtesy of Matthew Casey Photo courtesy of Allison Carroll

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Anatrachyntis badia Ochsenheimeria vacculella Photo courtesy of Matthew Casey Photo courtesy of David Bratt

Cypress Carpet Thera cupressata Beautiful Marbled Eublemma purpurina Photo courtesy of Giles & Judy Dunmore Photo courtesy of Dave Hipperson

Ectodemia arcuatella Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar Photo courtesy of Neil Sherman Photo courtesy of Andrew Culshaw

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