TESE DE DOUTORADO Ricardo Giovenardi

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TESE DE DOUTORADO � � � � � � � Ricardo Giovenardi � � � � � � � � 0 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS E EXATAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE ANIMAL COMPOSIÇÃO DE LEPIDOPTERA (PAPILIONOIDEA, HESPERIOIDEA) DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL E VARIABILIDADE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL EM TRÊS ÁREAS NO NORTE DO ESTADO, BRASIL TESE DE DOUTORADO Ricardo Giovenardi Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2014 1 COMPOSIÇÃO DE LEPIDOPTERA (PAPILIONOIDEA, HESPERIOIDEA) DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL E VARIABILIDADE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL EM TRÊS ÁREAS NO NORTE DO ESTADO, BRASIL Ricardo Giovenardi Tese apresentada ao Curso de Doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, área de concentração em Bioecologia de Insetos, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Biodiversidade Animal. Orientador: Professor Dr. Rocco Alfredo Di Mare Co-orientador: Professor Dr. Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2014 2 3 4 À minha mãe Marilene dos Santos Giovenardi (Leninha) pelo amor incondicional. 5 RESUMO Tese de Doutorado Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Universidade Federal de Santa Maria COMPOSIÇÃO DE LEPIDOPTERA (PAPILIONOIDEA E HESPERIOIDEA) DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL E VARIABILIDADE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL EM TRÊS ÁREAS NO NORTE DO ESTADO, BRASIL AUTOR: RICARDO GIOVENARDI ORIENTADOR: ROCCO ALFREDO DI MARE COORIENTADOR: OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK MIELKE Data e Local da Defesa: Santa Maria, 12 de setembro de 2014. Com o intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento das borboletas existentes no Rio Grande do Sul, foram consultados trabalhos relacionados com bionomia, taxonomia e inventários florestais, bem como verificou-se a variabilidade espaço-temporal das borboletas em três fragmentos no norte do Estado. Com os estudos acumulados, foi encontrado um total de 832 espécies e subespécies de borboletas. Depois de 1970, os artigos publicados com borboletas aumentaram quase que exponencialmente e os inventários de borboletas desde 1990, simultaneamente, também mostraram um crescimento. A família com maior riqueza é Hesperiidae com 357 (42,90%) espécies e subespécies, seguida por Nymphalidae com 227 (27,28%), Lycaenidae com 94 (11,30%), Riodinidae com 80 (9,62), Pieridae com 43 (5,17%) e Papilionidae com 31 (3,73%). Entre as regiões fisiográficas, a Depressão Central apresentou 495 (59,50%) espécies e subespécies registradas (maior riqueza) e a Encosta Superior do Nordeste apresentou 17 (2,04%) espécies e subespécies (menor riqueza). A distribuição dos inventários mostra que no Rio Grande do Sul ainda existem áreas carentes de informações sobre borboletas. No estudo da variabilidade espaço-temporal, foi elaborada uma listagem de espécies da assembleia de borboletas do Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET), Reserva Indígena de Iraí (RII) e Reserva Biológica Municipal Moreno Fortes (REBMF). Foram realizadas saídas bimestrais de novembro de 2010 a outubro de 2012. Após 580 horas-rede de amostragem, foram registrados 4999 indivíduos, distribuídos em 280 espécies/subespécies de borboletas. Tegosa claudina (Eschscholtz, 1821), Dynamine myrrhina (Doubleday, 1849), Heliconius ethilla narcaea Godart, 1819 e Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775), foram as espécies mais abundantes. A estrada com acesso ao Porto Garcia (PG) apresentou a maior riqueza e a estrada com acesso ao Salto do Yucumã (SY) apresentou a maior abundância, ambas localizadas no PET. Apenas 29,64% das espécies foram registradas em um fragmento somente. As correlações da riqueza de borboletas com a temperatura e a pluviosidade não foram estatisticamente significantes. A análise de agrupamento e MANOVA mostraram que a fauna das unidades amostrais formaram grupos distintos. Dione juno suffumata Brown & O. MielKe, 1972, Anteos clorinde (Godart, [1824]) e Panthiades phaleros (Linnaeus, 1767) são novos registros para o Rio Grande do Sul. Palavras-chave: Borboletas. Floresta Atlântica. Inventário. Pampa. 6 ABSTRACT Ph.D Thesis Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity Universidade Federal de Santa Maria COMPOSITION OF LEPIDOPTERA (PAPILIONOIDEA AND HESPERIOIDEA) FROM RIO GRANDE DO SUL AND SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THREE AREAS NORTHERN OF THE STATE, BRAZIL AUTHOR: RICARDO GIOVENARDI ADVISOR: ROCCO ALFREDO DI MARE CO-ADVISOR: OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK MIELKE Place and date of the defense: Santa Maria, september 12, 2014. In order to contribute to the Knowledge of butterflies in the Rio Grande do Sul, worKs related with bionomics, taxonomy and forest inventory were consulted and it was found the spatiotemporal variability of butterflies in three fragments in the northern of the State. On accumulated studies, it was found 832 species and subspecies. After 1970, the papers published about butterflies increased almost exponentially and since 1990, also showed increase. The richest family is Hesperiidae with 357 (42.90%) species and subspecies, followed by Nymphalidae with 227 (27.28%), Lycaenidae with 94 (11.30%), Riodinidae with 80 (9.62%), Pieridae with 43 (5.17%) and Papilionidae with 31 (3.73%). Between physiographic regions, the Depressão Central showed 495 (59.50%) species and subspecies recorded (more richness) and the Encosta Superior do Nordeste presented 17 (2.04%) species and subspecies (less richness). The distribution of inventories shows that in Rio Grande do Sul there are still areas that lacK information about butterflies. In the study about spatiotemporal variability, was created a list of species of butterflies of the Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET), Reserva Indígena de Iraí (RII) and Reserva Biológica Municipal Moreno Fortes (REBMF). Bimonthly field trips were performed from november 2010 to october 2012. After 580 hours net-sampling, 4999 individuals were registered, distributed in 280 species / subspecies of butterflies. Tegosa claudina (Eschscholtz, 1821), Dynamine myrrhina (Doubleday, 1849), Heliconius ethilla narcaea (Godart, 1819) and Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775), were the most abundant species. The road with access to the Porto Garcia (PG) was the richest and the road with access to Salto Yucumã (SY) showed the greatest abundance, both located in PET. Only 29.64% of the species were recorded in only one forest fragment. The correlations of the richness of butterflies with temperature and rainfall not demonstrated statistical significant. Cluster analysis and MANOVA showed that the fauna of the sampling united formed separate groups. Dione juno suffumata Brown & O. MielKe, 1972, Anteos clorinde (Godart, [1824]) and Panthiades phaleros (Linnaeus, 1767) are new records for Rio Grande do Sul. Keywords: Butterflies. Atlantic Forest. Inventory. Brazilian Pampa. 7 SUMÁRIO APRESENTAÇÃO ..................................................................................................... 8 1 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ........................................................................................ 9 REFERÊNCIAS ....................................................................................................... 21 ARTIGO 1: MARIPOSAS DE RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA, HESPERIOIDEA) ..................................... 34 Resumen ......................................................................................................................................... 34 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 35 Introducción ................................................................................................................................... 35 Materiales y métodos ..................................................................................................................... 36 Resultados y discusión ................................................................................................................... 38 Conclusiones ................................................................................................................................... 42 Agradecimientos ............................................................................................................................ 42 Literatura citada ............................................................................................................................ 42 ARTIGO 2: VARIABILIDADE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DAS BORBOLETAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA E HESPEROIDEA) DE TRÊS ÁREAS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL ...................................... 97 Resumo ........................................................................................................................................... 97 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 97 Introdução ...................................................................................................................................... 98 Material e métodos ........................................................................................................................ 99 Resultados .................................................................................................................................... 101 Discussão ...................................................................................................................................... 102 Referências ................................................................................................................................... 124 2 CONCLUSÃO GERAL ...................................................................................................
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