DOCSLIB.ORG

Russian Literature in Exile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 154 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) László Dienes Russian Literature in Exile The Life and Work of Gajto Gazdanov Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbHLászló. Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 00050435 S l a v is t ic h e Beiträge BEGRÜNDET VON ALOIS SCHMAUS HERAUSGEGEBEN VON JOHANNES HOLTHUSEN HEINRICH KUNSTMANN PETER REHDER■JOSEF SCHRENK REDAKTION PETER REHDER Band 154 VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • • MÜNCHEN László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 00050435 LÁSZLÓ DIENES RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN EXILE: THE LIFE AND WORK OF GAJTO GAZDANOV VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1982 László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München ISBN 3-87690-223*1 © Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1982 Abteilung der Firma Kubon & Sagner, München Druck: UNI-Druck, München László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 00050435 László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 00050436 To Klara, Claire and Theo Lingua amoris, caeteris barbara. Печальная доля - так сложно, Так трудно и празднично жить, и стать достояньем доцента, И критиков новых плодить... (A. Blok) (Depressing fate: to live a life So complex, hard and festive Only to end as young don's prey And serve to breed new critics... (tr. S. Hackel) László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 00050436 PREFACE This book is a revised, updated but also considerably abridged version of the author's doctoral dissertation written at Harvard University and completed in 1977. Interested readers should con- suit the original dissertation for numerous further details as well as for its significantly more extensive documentation which it was impossible to reproduce here. As it is offered here, the present work attempts to provide a comprehensive, although by no means ex- haustive, monographic study of the life and work of Gajto Gazdanov. It is intended not only for the specialist in Russian emigre litera- ture but also for the general reader interested in Russian or con- temporary or emigre literatures. How we decided to accomplish our task is explained in the "Introduction”. Here we should perhaps say a few words on what this study is not. First of all, it cannot claim to exhaust its subject matter. There are aspects to Gazdan- ov's literary work, such as, for example, certain periods in his creative life, certain themes in his fiction, and in particular his critical work which spanned, with long interruptions, over forty years, that could not be dealt with. Some aspects and periods of s personal life could not as yet be touched upon or brought״Gazdanov to life more fully either; nor have his manuscripts, now deposited at Harvard University, been fully studied and integrated into our discussion of his published oeuvre. There remains a wealth of mate- rial, both in his manuscripts and in the published work, that is still awaiting the critic and the literary scholar. It is our sin- cere hope that our work will be but the first in a series of studies devoted to this writer who certainly deserves much more attention and recognition than has been accorded so far. Since the present volume is not meant exclusively for the specia- list who knows Russian all quotations are given in English. The László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 00050435 Vili Russian original is included only in two cases: when it has never been published before; and when it may be of interest to the specia- list, particularly for consideration in matters of style. Except for the titles of the two novels published in English all the titles of Gazdanov's novels and short stories are given in our own trans- lation. The original Russian title is added at the beginning of each chapter or sub-chapter in Part Two, where the particular work is discussed in more detail. There are no footnotes in this book. All quotations are referenced in the text with the minimum informa- tion necessary to identify the work. Essentially, two different kinds of bibliographical reference are used. The more common is a numerical reference, for example "(no. 109)” refers to M. Slonim's article, the corresponding number in the "Bibliography" at the end of this study. In most cases this system without page references is used to identify the bibliographical data of very brief critical reviews about Gazdanov. Quotations from Gazdanov1s fiction, on the other hand, are usually identified in the text itself, with page re- ferences given in parentheses. If the work was published over seve- ral issues of a journal the parenthetical reference will first list volume number, then page number; for example on p. 161 ” (vol. 17, p. 26-7)" refers to the journal *lovyj žurnal because that's where the novel The Specter of Alexander Wolf, mentioned in the text, was pub- lished. All such volume and page references are to the first Russi- an edition; if a novel was both serialized and published in book form all page references are to the book edition. When Russian quota tions are transliterated the so-called scholarly system is used. For the English speaking reader who has no Russian the following rules may prove helpful: £ is ch (as in cheer), 5 is sh (as in sheer), i i the s in measure, i is i (as in hit), j is y (as in you), x is the ch in Bach and с is the z in Mozart. Segments of this study were published, in somewhat different form in an article entitled "An Unpublished Letter by Maksim Gor'kij Or Who Is Gajto Gazdanov?" in Die Welt der Sloven (1979) and in the in- troductory essay to Bibliographie des oeuvres do Gajto Grfzdanov, Paris, 1982. László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 00050436 IX We wish to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to the following individuals and institutions without whose support and contribution this book could not have been written. Our most speci- al thanks are due to Mrs. Faina Dmitrievna Gazdanov, the writer's widow, who shared with us all her knowledge of Gazdanov's life, cha- racter and work and whose generous gift of the entire Gazdanov arch- ives to The Houghton Library of Harvard University will undoubtedly foster future research. It is our pleasure to note here that this study in its initial form has been read by Mrs. F. D. Gazdanov and her valuable corrections and additions have been incorporated in the present work. We are also grateful to her for permission to use un- published materials; as to Gazdanov's published works, we had the good fortune of being able to rely on the incomparable collection in the Harvard College Library where we had easy access to almost all of them. We are most grateful also to the many individuals whom we had the privilege of meeting in Paris, Geneva, Munich and elsewhere and who were kind enough to share with us their knowledge and their memories of Gazdanov. Some of the most valuable contributions came from the following, now deceased, distinguished representatives of the first Russian emigration: Marc Slonim, Vladimir Vejdle (Weidle), A. Mar- chak, Ju. Terapiano, V. Varsavskij and Vadim Andreev. Through in- terviews, correspondence or conversations we have been aided by Ju. Ivask, T. A. Osorgina, A. Baxrax, N. Berberova, G. Struve, L. Rzev- skij, R. Guerra, M. Lamzaky and N. Reisini. We are greatly indebted to Radio Liberty, its Paris Bureau and particularly the Munich cen- ter where all the Gazdanov materials were kindly put at our disposal, and its staff members, especially to Mile Helene Robert, Witold A. Ryser, John Bue and Z. Sztumpf. For his advice and suggestions we are most grateful to Professor V. M. Setchkarev of Harvard University without whose initial encour- agement and continued support this study would never have been under- taken, nor completed. It is our pleasant duty to also acknowledge and thank here the material support of the International Research and Exchange Board which made consultations in Europe possible, the Russian Research László Dienes - 9783954792702 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:15:22AM via free access 0005Q435 X Center at Harvard University where a fellowship enabled us to engage in full time research for a year; the University of Massachusetts whose Faculty Research Grant allowed us to continue and update our work; and the American Council of Learned Societies whose grant-in- aid helped us significantly in bringing this project to completion. Finally, we wish to thank Ms. E. Dworan for her typing; friends, native speakers of English, who agreed to eliminate the most glaring mistakes in our English; and, last but certainly not least, members of our family for their patience in putting up with it all for so many years.
Recommended publications
  • Russian (RUS) 1

    Russian (RUS) 1

    Russian (RUS) 1 RUSSIAN (RUS) RUS 53: Intermediate Intensive Russian for Graduate Students 3 Credits RUS 1: Elementary Russian I Continued intensive study of Russian at the intermediate level: reading, 4 Credits writing, speaking, listening, cultural contexts. RUS 053 Intermediate Intensive Russian for Graduate Students (3)This is the third in a series Audio-lingual approach to basic Russian; writing. Students who have of three courses designed to give students an intermediate intensive received high school credit for two or more years of Russian may not knowledge of Russian. Continued intensive study of Russian at the schedule this course for credit, without the permission of the department. intermediate level: reading, writing, speaking, listening, and cultural contexts. Lessons are taught in an authentic cultural context. Bachelor of Arts: 2nd Foreign/World Language (All) Prerequisite: RUS 052 or equivalent, and graduate standing RUS 2: Elementary Russian II 4 Credits RUS 83: First-Year Seminar in Russian Audio-lingual approach to basic Russian continued; writing. Students 3 Credits who have received high school credit for four years of Russian may not schedule this course for credit, without the permission of the department. Russia's cultural past and present. RUS 083S First-Year Seminar in Russian (3) (GH;FYS;US;IL)(BA) This course meets the Bachelor of Arts Prerequisite: RUS 001 degree requirements.Russia, the world's largest country stretching Bachelor of Arts: 2nd Foreign/World Language (All) over eleven time zones in Europe and Asia, is currently undergoing a dramatic transformation. For the past hundred years, Russia has RUS 3: Intermediate Russian served as a laboratory of gigantic dimensions as various social ideals 4 Credits were implemented with unprecedented radicalism.
  • Athletic Inspiration: Vladimir Nabokov and the Aesthetic Thrill of Sports Tim Harte Bryn Mawr College, Tharte@Brynmawr.Edu

    Athletic Inspiration: Vladimir Nabokov and the Aesthetic Thrill of Sports Tim Harte Bryn Mawr College, [email protected]

    Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College Russian Faculty Research and Scholarship Russian 2009 Athletic Inspiration: Vladimir Nabokov and the Aesthetic Thrill of Sports Tim Harte Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/russian_pubs Custom Citation Harte, Tim. "Athletic Inspiration: Vladimir Nabokov and the Aesthetic Thrill of Sports," Nabokov Studies 12.1 (2009): 147-166. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. http://repository.brynmawr.edu/russian_pubs/1 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tim Harte Bryn Mawr College Dec. 2012 Athletic Inspiration: Vladimir Nabokov and the Aesthetic Thrill of Sports “People have played for as long as they have existed,” Vladimir Nabokov remarked in 1925. “During certain eras—holidays for humanity—people have taken a particular fancy to games. As it was in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, so it is in our present-day Europe” (“Braitenshtreter – Paolino,” 749). 1 For Nabokov, foremost among these popular games were sports competitions. An ardent athlete and avid sports fan, Nabokov delighted in the competitive spirit of athletics and creatively explored their aesthetic as well as philosophical ramifications through his poetry and prose. As an essential, yet underappreciated component of the Russian-American writer’s art, sports appeared first in early verse by Nabokov before subsequently providing a recurring theme in his fiction. The literary and the athletic, although seemingly incongruous modes of human activity, frequently intersected for Nabokov, who celebrated the thrills, vigor, and beauty of sports in his present-day “holiday for humanity” with a joyous energy befitting such physical activity.
  • Of Russian Literaturepart I Russian Literature: Background, Foreground, Creative Cognition

    Of Russian Literaturepart I Russian Literature: Background, Foreground, Creative Cognition

    The Mythopoetic “Vectors” of Russian LiteraturePART I Russian Literature: Background, Foreground, Creative Cognition Chapter 1 The Mythopoetic “Vectors” of 27. Russian Literature1 Any national literature is to some significant extent a mirror held up to its people’s collective countenance: its myths, aspirations, national triumphs and traumas, current ideologies, historical understanding, lin guistic tra- ditions. But it is also more than that — more than a reflection in the glass of what has come before and what is now, even as one glances into it, passing from view. It is, in a real sense, generative of new meaning, and thus capable of shaping that countenance in the future. For the society that takes its literary products seriously, the text of a novel or poem can be a kind of genetic code2 for predicting, not concrete outcomes or actual progeny, but something no less pregnant with future action: the forms of a culture’s historical imagination. The variations seem limitless, and yet how is it we are able to determine any given work of literature is clearly identifiable as Russian? Why could Flaubert’s Emma Bovary in some sense not be imagin- ed by the great realist who created Anna Karenina? How is Dostoevsky’s 1 Originally appeared 2 See Chapter 4 in Part 1 as part 1 of the essay/chapter of the present volume with its “Russian Literature,” in Cambridge discussion of how genes and Companion to Modern Russian “memes” work together to create Culture, ed. Nicholas Rzhevsky an individual’s and a culture’s (Cambridge: Cambridge University views of itself.
  • A Short History of Russian Literature

    A Short History of Russian Literature

    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Short history of Russian iiterature 3 1924 026 645 790 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026645790 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE Translated from the Russian OF SHAKHNOVSKI With a Supplementary Chapter bringing the work down to date (written specially for this book) BY SERGE TOMKEYEFF London KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd. New York : E. P. BUTTON & Co. 193 f\.S^1\3 4- V. ^.. \'-"f .. CONTENTS PAGE Introductory . i Chap I. Oral and written literature . 3 II. The beginnings of written literature . 9 III. The monuments of the twelfth century r8. IV. The monuments of the thirteenth century 22 V. The monuments of the fourteenth century 24 VI. The modern period . 30 VII. The epoch of reconstruction . 36 VIII. Sumar6kov and the literary writers under Catherine II . 46 IX Von Visin 52 X. The first Russian periodicals . 62 XI. N. Y. Karamzln . 66 XII. Zhuk6vski 74 XIII. Kryl6v and the journalism of the Romantic epoch . 81 XIV. A. S. Pushkin and his followers . 86 XV. Griboiedov, Lermontov . 99 XVI. Gogol 106 XVII. Modem Literature : The Schellingists, Slavophils and Westemizers . 117 XVIII. Later poets and the great novelists . 123 XIX. Grigor6vich and other novelists . 131 XX. Russian Literature from Leo Toistoy to the present date . 138 (Writter. by Serge Tomkeyeff./ INTRODUCTORY. The history of literature presents a progressive develop- ment of the art of writing in every country, and is corre- lated with the culture of the people.
  • The Arts in Russia Under Stalin

    The Arts in Russia Under Stalin

    01_SOVMINDCH1. 12/19/03 11:23 AM Page 1 THE ARTS IN RUSSIA UNDER STALIN December 1945 The Soviet literary scene is a peculiar one, and in order to understand it few analogies from the West are of use. For a vari- ety of causes Russia has in historical times led a life to some degree isolated from the rest of the world, and never formed a genuine part of the Western tradition; indeed her literature has at all times provided evidence of a peculiarly ambivalent attitude with regard to the uneasy relationship between herself and the West, taking the form now of a violent and unsatisfied longing to enter and become part of the main stream of European life, now of a resentful (‘Scythian’) contempt for Western values, not by any means confined to professing Slavophils; but most often of an unresolved, self-conscious combination of these mutually opposed currents of feeling. This mingled emotion of love and of hate permeates the writing of virtually every well-known Russian author, sometimes rising to great vehemence in the protest against foreign influence which, in one form or another, colours the masterpieces of Griboedov, Pushkin, Gogol, Nekrasov, Dostoevsky, Herzen, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Blok. The October Revolution insulated Russia even more com- pletely, and her development became perforce still more self- regarding, self-conscious and incommensurable with that of its neighbours. It is not my purpose to trace the situation histori- cally, but the present is particularly unintelligible without at least a glance at previous events, and it would perhaps be convenient, and not too misleading, to divide its recent growth into three main stages – 1900–1928; 1928–1937; 1937 to the present – artifi- cial and over-simple though this can easily be shown to be.
  • Television and Politics in the Soviet Union by Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION and AMERICA's CHILDREN a Crisis of Neglect by Edward L

    Television and Politics in the Soviet Union by Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION and AMERICA's CHILDREN a Crisis of Neglect by Edward L

    SPLIT SIGNALS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY edited by George Gerbner and Marsha Seifert IMAGE ETHICS The Moral Rights of Subjects in Photographs, Film, and Television Edited by Larry Gross, John Stuart Katz, and Jay Ruby CENSORSHIP The Knot That Binds Power and Knowledge By Sue Curry Jansen SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union By Ellen Mickiewicz TELEVISION AND AMERICA'S CHILDREN A Crisis of Neglect By Edward L. Palmer SPLIT SIGNALS Television and Politics in the Soviet Union ELLEN MICKIEWICZ New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1988 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1988 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of Oxford University Press. Mickiewicz, Ellen Propper. Split signals : television and politics in the Soviet Union / Ellen Mickiewicz. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-19-505463-6 1. Television broadcasting of news—Soviet Union. 2. Television broadcasting—Social aspects—Soviet Union. 3. Television broadcasting—Political aspects—Soviet Union. 4. Soviet Union— Politics and government—1982- I. Title. PN5277.T4M53 1988 302.2'345'0947—dc!9 88-4200 CIP 1098 7654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface In television terminology, broadcast signals are split when they are divided and sent to two or more locations simultaneously.
  • Dubious Means to Final Solutions: Extracting Light from the Darkness of Ein Führer and Brother Number One

    Dubious Means to Final Solutions: Extracting Light from the Darkness of Ein Führer and Brother Number One

    Florida State University Law Review Volume 31 Issue 1 Article 5 2003 Dubious Means to Final Solutions: Extracting Light From the Darkness of Ein Führer and Brother Number One Román Ortega-Cowan [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Román Ortega-Cowan, Dubious Means to Final Solutions: Extracting Light From the Darkness of Ein Führer and Brother Number One, 31 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. (2003) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol31/iss1/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW DUBIOUS MEANS TO FINAL SOLUTIONS: EXTRACTING LIGHT FROM THE DARKNESS OF EIN FÜHRER AND BROTHER NUMBER ONE Román Ortega-Cowan VOLUME 31 FALL 2003 NUMBER 1 Recommended citation: Román Ortega-Cowan, Dubious Means to Final Solutions: Extracting Light From the Darkness of Ein Führer and Brother Number One, 31 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 163 (2003). DUBIOUS MEANS TO FINAL SOLUTIONS: EXTRACTING LIGHT FROM THE DARKNESS OF EIN FÜHRER AND BROTHER NUMBER ONE ROMÁN ORTEGA-COWAN* I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 164 II. TUNING THE PIANO ........................................................................................... 165 A. The Players: The German Nazis and Cambodian Khmer Rouge .............. 165 B. A Single Word, Eternal Dread: Genocide................................................... 166 1. Lemkin’s Quest..................................................................................... 166 2. Room for One More: Political Groups .................................................. 168 C. Turning Principles into Action: The Legal System ...................................
  • America's Russian-Speaking Jews Come of Age

    America's Russian-Speaking Jews Come of Age

    Toward a Comprehensive Policy Planning for R u s s i a n - Speaking Jews in North America Project Head Jonathan D. Sarna Contributors Dov Maimon, Shmuel Rosner In dealing with Russian-speaking Jews in North America, we face two main challenges and three possible outcomes. CHALLENGES: 1. Consequences of disintegration of the close-knit immigrant society of newly arrived Russian-speaking Jews. 2. Utilizing the special strengths of Russian-speaking Jews for the benefit of the wider American Jewish community. POSSIBLE OUTCOMES: 1. The loss of Jewish identity and rapid assimilation. 2. An adaptation of American-Jewish identity (with the benefits and shortcomings associated with it). 3. A formation of a distinctive Russian-speaking Jewish identity strong enough to be further sustained. There is a 10 to 15-year window of opportunity for intervention with this population. There is also a need to integrate, in a comprehensive manner, organizations to positively intervene in the field. At this preliminary stage, several recommendations stand out as urgent to address this population’s needs: - An effort on a national scale to assist the communities that are home to the majority of Russian-speaking Jews. - Funding for programs that will encourage Russian-speaking Jews to move into Jewish areas. - Special programs to promote in-marriage. - Dialogue mechanisms for Russian-speaking Jews in Israel, the US, Germany, and the Former Soviet Union. - Programs building on Russian-speaking Jews’ sense of peoplehood to bolster ties among all Jews to Israel. - Possible reciprocity between Jewish education and education in science and math for Russian-speaking Jews ("Judaism for math").
  • Himalayan Journal of Education and Literature Macrocosm and Its Dark in Cherkess Women's Poetry Today

    Himalayan Journal of Education and Literature Macrocosm and Its Dark in Cherkess Women's Poetry Today

    Himalayan Journal of Education and Literature Open Access Research Article Macrocosm and Its Dark in Cherkess Women's Poetry Today Кhuako Fatimet Doctor of Philology, Professor, Maikop State Technological University, Russia *Corresponding Author Кhuako Fatimet Abstract: As revealed in the presented work, the Circassian literature of the post- Soviet period, based on the then newly emerged concept of the macrocosm and personality, exacerbated the layer of creative immersion in being. This was due to the Article History fact found in the work: the word-creation of poets, caused by the oppressive Received: 30.04.2021 destruction of perestroika, is often aimed at regulating ordinary issues, necessarily Accepted: 10.05.2021 saturated with black-and-white problems and its antipodes. Accordingly, the closeness Published: 20.05.2021 of the art authors considered in the article as research objects to the media environment that paints the realities of life is evident. The analyzed materials here are Citations: poetic works of female Circassian lyrics (in particular, Sanyat Gutova, Muliat Emizh). Кhuako Fatimet. (2021); Macrocosm and The rationale for this choice is given in the Introduction, and it allows us to assume Its Dark in Cherkess Women's Poetry Today. the relevance of the study. The methods involve textual comparison, analysis, Hmlyan Jr Edu Lte, 2(3) 9-14 commenting based on facts and personal experience. The direct and natural rhythmization of the century that has come with a peculiar, thorough reflection on the Copyright @ 2021: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the macrocosm has perceptibly determined, in particular, the literary texts of the Creative Commons Attribution license which Circassian poetesses who create today, and in various genres.
  • The Gloom and Glory of Russian Literature. 393

    The Gloom and Glory of Russian Literature. 393

    390 THE OPEN COURT. position to men of proven worth. In the United States candidates are restricted, by Constitutional provision, to local constituencies. In consequenqe the quality of our leadership suffers. Politically it is a great Constitution, one of which we are rightly proud. It might, however, easily be improved—were the world any longer interested in politics. THE GLOOM AND GLORY OF RUSSIAN LITERA- TURE.^ BY MAXIMILIAN J. RUDWIN. Russian Literature the Lady of Sorrozvs of Holy Russia. '* A BANDON all hope, ye who enter here." These fateful words i\ of Dante might well be inscribed on the fly-leaf of every Russian book. The foreign reader of Russian literature walks in the Valley of Shadow. He is overwhelmed by a wealth of woe. He is steeped in gloom. The Tragedy of Russian Life. Russian literature is a faithful record of the history of Russia. In her literature, hapless and helpless, Russia has recorded her grief and sorrow. In her song and story she has uttered her heaven- rending cry of anguish. Russia's fiction is the direct outcome of the sufferings of her people. The misfortunes of Russia are darker and deeper, her shrieks of agony are louder and longer than those of any other country. Her literature is sadder and gloomier that that of any land. It is the literature of a country which is always "complaining and sighing and wailing." If the joys of Russia are bitterly ignored in her literature, it is because in truth they cannot be said to exist. The humorous details in Russian literature often hide a most tragical background, w^hich all of a sudden breaks 1 In this essay pre-revolutionary literature only will be considered.
  • Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers

    Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers

    Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers.
  • Ukraine and Russia People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives 

    Ukraine and Russia People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives 

    EDITED BY i AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & RICHARD SAKWA Ukraine and Russia People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives This e-book is provided without charge via free download by E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info). It is not permitted to be sold in electronic format under any circumstances. If you enjoy our free e-books, please consider leaving a small donation to allow us to continue investing in open access publications: http://www.e-ir.info/about/donate/ i Ukraine and Russia People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives EDITED BY AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & RICHARD SAKWA ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England First published 2015 New version 2016 ISBN 978-1-910814-14-7 (Paperback) ISBN 978-1-910814-00-0 (e-book) This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries. Other than the license terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials / scholarly use.