AMERICAN INDIAN HISTORY TIMELINE 1886 1980 With United States v. Kagama the Supreme U.S. v. Sioux Nation. The Court rules that the Court upholds Congress' authority to pass Sioux must be awarded compensation with LAW the Major Crimes Act, holding that the U.S. interest for the U.S. confiscation of the Black Federal Government has the "plenary power" Hills. The Sioux Nation refuses the money in the or supreme, absolute control over Indians. hopes of regaining the land itself. LEGISLATION 1887 1981 The General Allotment Act, In Montana v. the U.S. the Court ruled introduced by Senator Henry Dawes, that a tribe's regulation of non-Indian POLICY is passed by Congress. The single hunting on non-Indian land within a 1823 1831 most destructive piece of legislation reservation was inconsistent with a tribe's Johnson v. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1883 aimed at tribal land. The act and its status as a dependent domestic nation. McIntosh, the the second case in the "Marshall subsequent amendments created the Ex Parte Crow Dog. EVENTS first of the three Trilogy." The court found that general framework for removing 1978 The Supreme Court Supreme Court the Cherokee Nation was not reservation land from communal In U.S. v. Wheeler ruled that the murder 1982 2005 cases referred to a "foreign state" but a "domestic tribal ownership and allotting parcels 1974 the Supreme Court of one Indian by In Seminole Tribe v. Butterworth, In City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York, the as the "Marshall dependent nation," to whom to individual members, which U.S. v. Washington grants the existence another within Indian the Court ruled that tribes have a Supreme Court held that the repurchase of traditional tribal lands Trilogy." The the U.S. has a guardian-ward could eventually be sold, given, or 1954 (the Boldt Decision) of tribal sovereignty Country was not right to create gambling enterprises did not restore tribal sovereignty to that land, meaning that the land court ruled that relationship. Dictum in the otherwise transferred to non-Indians Brown v. Board of Education is holds that treaties but declares this a criminal offense on their land. could not be exempted from local property taxes. Indian tribes case also affirmed the status of after expiration or termination of decided by the Supreme Court with tribes in the sovereignty subject 1989 punishable by the could not convey tribes as states and the validity of a 25-year-period. Reservation land prohibiting states from segregating Northwest that to Congressional In Hodel v. Irving, the Supreme United States. Indian land to private treaties with tribes. that exceeded the amount needed schools based on race – based on preserve the right whim. 1987 Court invalidated original Section tribes in their territory parties without by an individual allotments on a 1903 the principles of equality. to fish "at all usual In California v. 207 of the Indian Land Consolidation 2009 were free of regulation the consent reservation was considered surplus, The "plenary power" of Congress over and accustomed In Oliphant v. Cabazon Band of Act of 1983 on the grounds that it In Carcieri v. Salazar, the Supreme Court’s decision eliminated the 1781 by other sovereign of the federal 1832 taken out of tribal ownership and Indians is further strengthened in grounds and stations" Squamish, the Court Mission Indians, effected a taking of private property ability of the federal government to take land into trust for Indian The Articles of Confederation declare the governments absent was open to general homesteading by Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock. The Court struck down tribal the Supreme tribes that were not recognized as “under federal jurisdiction” in 1934, government. The Worcester v. Georgia. The 1955 guarantees tribes an without just compensation. federal government shall have authority explicit direction non-natives. This formed the basis ruled that treaties may be unilaterally jurisdiction over Court rules the when the Indian Reorganization Act was passed, unless there is some Court reasoned third part of the "Marshall In Tee-Hit-Ton v. U.S. the Supreme opportunity to take over Indian affairs, "provided that the from Congress. for modern land trust status, land breached or modified by Congress. crimes committed grant to civil other statutory authority for the trust acquisition. that European Trilogy." The Supreme Court held that aboriginal title is "not half of all harvestable legislative right of any within its own fractionation, checkerboard land The Court also restricted its review of by non-Indians on jurisdiction under conquest and the Court held that state laws a property right but amounts to a right fish. This was later limits (sic) be not infringed or violated." ownership and on-going land loss. political acts of Congress affecting the reservations. P.L. 280 does not establishment of did not extend into Indian of occupancy which the sovereign extended to shellfish 1997 the United States federal trust responsibility to Indians. and game. include regulatory 2010 Country because they were grants and... may be terminated and In Babbitt v. Youpee Sr,. the Supreme diminished the authority; therefore, After 14 years of litigation, President Barack Obama signs legislation approving incompatible with treaties, such lands fully disposed of by the Court affirmed that Section 207 1788 sovereignty of 1891 1978 the state laws the Cobell Settlement, the terms of which require the federal government the Constitution and the laws sovereign itself without any legally 1975 (as amended) of the Indian Land The U.S. Constitution, Article 1, tribes and limited Congress permits The Indian American Indian relating to gaming to create a $1.5 billion fund to pay individual Indian trust beneficiaries, a $1.9 "giving effect to the treaties." 1906 enforceable obligation to compensate Consolidation Act of 1983 violated Section 8, Clause 3, asserts that their power the leasing of The Burke Act is 1953 Self- Religious Act is cannot be enforced billion Trust Land Consolidation fund, and an Indian Education Scholarship the Indians." the Just Compensation Clause of the Congress shall have the power, to dispose of individual Indian passed which allows the Public Law 280 is passed Determination passed promising against Indians. fund of up to $60 million to improve access to higher education for Indians. Fifth Amendment. "to regulate Commerce with their land. allotments by Secretary of the Interior which transferred civil and Education to "protect and The Settlement terms also include a government commitment to reform the foreign nations, and among 1934 and criminal jurisdiction 1830 1862 1885 non-natives 1898 to administer Indian trust 1924 1956 1971 Act is passed preserve for Indian trust management and accounting system. the several States, and with the wherever the property. This also allowed The Indian over Indian lands to state which American Indians 1983 The Indian Removal Act authorizes the President to The Homestead Act of 1862 is passed, In response The Curtis The Indian The Relocation The Alaska Native Claims Indian Tribes." State power on Secretary of the Secretary to take this Reorganization governments in six states. recognized the their inherent right The first 1988 1990 2004 negotiate with tribes to give up land in the East in turning over lands within the American to Crow Dog Act expanded Citizenship Act is passed Settlement Act is passed Indian issues is thus subordinated the Interior property out of trust Act is passed. right of Indian and freedom to Indian Land The Indian The Native American American exchange for land in the West. This resulted in the public domain to private U.S. citizens. case, Congress the powers Act is passed encouraging which creates regional and 2012 to federal power. See also finds that the for allottees that applied This Act 1946 tribes to self- believe, express and Consolidation Gaming Graves Protection Indian Probate forced removal of most Eastern tribes to the West of passes the of the federal declaring all From 1946 to 1978 the Indian Claims Indians to move village corporations to own In Patchak v. Salazar, the Supreme Court held that Congress Article VI, Clause 2, where the allottee, "by for fee patents and for repealed the government exercise" traditional Act is passed. Regulatory and Repatriation Act Reform Act the Mississippi River by the U.S. Army. Only small Congress passes the Pacific Railway Major Crimes government non-citizen Commission, using an adversarial court to urban areas. and manage 44 million waived the federal government’s immunity from suit to constitution states that treaties reason of age or those landowners deemed Dawes Act and "as domestic religions, "including This law, and Act is passed. (NAGPRA) is passed. (AIPRA) remnants remained in their traditional lands in the East. Act authorizing the construction of a Act, extending over Indian Indians process, hears land claims brought by acres of land. challenge Secretarial trust land acquisitions in the Administrative are the "supreme law of the land." disability" cannot competent by the local enabled tribes dependent but not limited to its 1984, 2000 passed. Note in transcontinental railroad. federal criminal Affairs. born within tribes for wrongful dispossession of Procedure Act. The decision compounds the problems created "personally and Indian superintendent. to voluntarily nations, Indian access to sites, use and 2004 2000 Federal Register jurisdiction over American their lands. Tribes pressed 484 claims by Carcieri by broadening the class of individuals who could with benefit to Some 27 million acres of organize and tribes exercise and possession of amendments, Amendments to and notice to major crimes in Territorial and won 58% of them. The commission's challenge trust acquisitions, and provides that the fee-to-trust himself occupy allotted land were lost to adopt federally 1968 inherent sacred objects, and promotes the Indian Land landowners in Indian Country.