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4 Tribal Nations of San Diego County This Chapter Presents an Overall Summary of the Tribal Nations of San Diego County and the Water Resources on Their Reservations

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4 Tribal Nations of San Diego County This Chapter Presents an Overall Summary of the Tribal Nations of San Diego County and the Water Resources on Their Reservations 4 Tribal Nations of San Diego County This chapter presents an overall summary of the Tribal Nations of San Diego County and the water resources on their reservations. A brief description of each Tribe, along with a summary of available information on each Tribe’s water resources, is provided. The water management issues provided by the Tribe’s representatives at the San Diego IRWM outreach meetings are also presented. 4.1 Reservations San Diego County features the largest number of Tribes and Reservations of any county in the United States. There are 18 federally-recognized Tribal Nation Reservations and 17 Tribal Governments, because the Barona and Viejas Bands share joint-trust and administrative responsibility for the Capitan Grande Reservation. All of the Tribes within the San Diego IRWM Region are also recognized as California Native American Tribes. These Reservation lands, which are governed by Tribal Nations, total approximately 127,000 acres or 198 square miles. The locations of the Tribal Reservations are presented in Figure 4-1 and summarized in Table 4-1. Two additional Tribal Governments do not have federally recognized lands: 1) the San Luis Rey Band of Luiseño Indians (though the Band remains active in the San Diego region) and 2) the Mount Laguna Band of Luiseño Indians. Note that there may appear to be inconsistencies related to population sizes of tribes in Table 4-1. This is because not all Tribes may choose to participate in population surveys, or may identify with multiple heritages. 4.2 Cultural Groups Native Americans within the San Diego IRWM Region generally comprise four distinct cultural groups (Kumeyaay/Diegueno, Luiseño, Cahuilla, and Cupeño), which are from two distinct language families (Uto-Aztecan and Yuman-Cochimi). These cultural groups are distributed throughout San Diego County and their respective traditional territories include areas in neighboring counties. In general, Luiseño, Cupeño, and Cahuilla cultural groups are located in the northern half of San Diego County, while Kumeyaay/Diegueno cultural groups are located in the southern half of San Diego County (see Figure 4-2). However, members of the various tribes in San Diego County have interacted for centuries and individuals may consider themselves part of multiple cultural traditions, despite being enrolled in a particular tribe (e.g., Barona Band of Mission Indians) or living on a particular reservation. Neighboring Tribes whose land falls outside the San Diego IRWM Region, but may have an interest in, or impact on, the water management and water issues of the Region include the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians, located near Temecula, CA; the Cahuilla Band of Indians, located near Anza, CA; and the Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians, located near Coachella, CA. 4-1 2013 San Diego Integrated Regional Water Management Plan FINAL Figure 4-1: Tribal Nation Reservations Temecula Creek Riverside County San Diego County Pala Reservation Pauma Reservation Los Coyotes Reservation 5 ¨¦§ Santa Margarita River Rincon Reservation La Jolla Reservation San Luis Rey River UV76 ¨¦§15 San Pasqual Reservation UV78 Santa Ysabel Reservation Santa Ysabel Creek Agua Hedionda Creek San Marcos Creek Escondido Creek Mesa Grande Reservation San Marcos Creek Inaja and Cosmit Reservation Lusardi Creek Boulder Creek San Dieguito River Barona Reservation Sweetwater River UV56 Los Penasquitos Creek Capitan Grande Reservation Viejas Reservation Ewiiaapaayp Reservation 805 San Diego River ¨¦§ ¨¦§8 UV52 UV163 UV125 Sycuan Reservation Manzanita Reservation La Posta Reservation 15 54 ¨¦§ UV Pine Valley Creek Jamul Indian Village Cottonwood Creek Campo Reservation UV75 Dulzura Creek Cottonwood Creek Otay River Tecate Creek Tijuana River Rio Tijuana Mexico Rio Alamar Arroyo Seco Legend Tribal Lands Watershed San Diego IRWM Region ± Funding Area Boundary Waterbody County 0 2.5 5 10 River Miles Freeway Source: San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) - GIS Data Warehouse \\rmcsd\RMCSD\Projects GIS\0188-003 SDIRWM Plan Update\AdminDraftMaps\060713_JD\Fig4-1_Tribal Reservations 060713.mxd Tribal Nations September 2013 Table 4-1: San Diego County Tribal Governments and Reservations Name Population Reservation Total Population Housing No. Ethnology/Language Acreage Reservation Tribal Nation Tribal (Tribal members Units Members1 and non- members)2 1 Barona Reservation Barona Band of Mission Indians Ipai-Tipai/Diegueno 5,664 536 640 219 2 Campo Reservation Campo Band of Kumeyaay Indians Kumeyaay/Diegueno 15,336 351 362 140 Capitan Grande Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians, 3 Kumeyaay/Diegueno 15,615 33 0 0 Reservation consisting of the Barona and Viejas Bands Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians 4 Ewiiaapaayp Reservation (formerly Cuyapaipe Band of Mission Kumeyaay/Diegueno 4,156 N/A 0 0 Indians) Inaja & Cosmit 2 5 Inaja – Cosmit Band of Indian Kumeyaay/Diegueno 846 15 0 0 Reservation 6 Jamul Indian Village Jamul Indian Village Kumeyaay/Diegueno 6.23 60 0 0 7 La Jolla Reservation La Jolla Band of Indians Luiseño 8,822 390 476 181 8 La Posta Reservation La Posta Band of Mission Indians Kumeyaay/Diegueno 3,471 18 55 19 Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeño 3 4 9 Los Coyotes Reservation Cahuilla, Cupeño 25,050 328 98 35 Indians 10 Manzanita Reservation Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation Kumeyaay/Diegueno 3,563 69 78 35 Mesa Grande 11 Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians Kumeyaay/Diegueno 1,820 75 98 24 Reservation 12 Pala Reservation Pala Band of Mission Indians Luiseño, Cupeño 12,333 1,573 1,315 425 Pauma and Yuima 6 13 Pauma/Yuima Band of Mission Indians Luiseño 5,826 186 206 63 Reservation 14 Rincon Reservation Rincon Nation of Luiseño Indians Luiseño 5,5003 1,495 1,215 357 15 San Pasqual Reservation San Pasqual Band of Indians Ipai/Kumeyaay 1,500 5003 1,097 298 Santa Ysabel 16 Ipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Diegueno 15,270 250 330 140 Reservation 17 Sycuan Reservation Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation Kumeyaay/Diegueno 632 33 211 76 18 Viejas Reservation Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Kumeyaay/Diegueno 1,6963 394 520 192 19 N/A San Luis Rey Band of Luiseño Indians5 Luiseño N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Mount Laguna Band of Kwaaymii Indians5 N/A N/A N/A 1 Based on latest information from Indian Reservations in San Diego County. Available: http://www.sandiego.edu/nativeamerican/reservations.php (Accessed 25 March 2012). 2 Based on U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. U.S. Census Demographic Profiles. Available: http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ (Accessed: 26 April 2013). 3 Based on information from the Tribal Characterization Form submitted by the Tribes. 4 Based on information from Los Coyotes Indian Reservation. Available: http://www.kumeyaay.info/los_coyotes.html (Accessed 3/25/2013). 5 The San Luis Rey Band of Luiseño Indians and the Mount Laguna Band of Luiseño Indians are not federally-recognized tribes. 6 Of the 5,826 acres of the reservation, only 200 acres are developable. 4-3 2013 San Diego Integrated Regional Water Management Plan FINAL Tribal Nations September2013 As of 2010 only a small percentage of the Region’s Native American population of 17,000 lived within the Tribal Nation Reservation lands. Brief descriptions for each Tribal Nation Reservation are presented in Section 4.6 below. Figure 4-2: Traditional Territories of Tribal Nations in California Approximate location of San Diego County Source: Handbook of North American Indians, Robert F. Heiner, ed. Vol. 8: California. 1978. 4.3 Tribal Autonomy While the Tribal Nations are sovereign and have autonomy over their lands, they are subject to Federal environmental laws and regulations. Sovereign Tribal Nations are not subject to State and local environmental laws and regulations, except for those required under a Compact with the State, and other independent agreements between the Tribal Governments and local agencies. While State and local governments do not have any authority over Tribal Lands, in a few cases, working relationships exists between the Tribes and local jurisdictions to address water and habitat issues. For example, Tribal representatives regularly meet with officials from with the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) and serve on various working groups and committees. A position reserved for a Tribal representative on the Regional Advisory Committee (RAC) is open and awaits filling by the Southern California Tribal Chairmen’s Association; in the past, Tribal representatives have participated on the RAC and on RAC workgroups. Understanding that Tribes are important partners in water resources management, and acknowledging their cultural and historical ties to the Region and its resources, the Regional Water Management Group has made a concerted effort to reach out to the Tribes within the Region. These efforts are described in detail in Chapter 6, Governance and Stakeholder Involvement. 4-4 2013 San Diego Integrated Regional Water Management Plan FINAL Tribal Nations September 2013 4.4 Tribal Resource Management The primary function of each of the Region’s Tribes is to serve as a government for the members of the Tribe. As such, many Tribes have environmental departments tasked with setting environmental regulations on Tribal lands and monitoring water resources for compliance with applicable federal laws and regulations. These tribal environmental agencies manage groundwater levels through recharge from rainfall on reservation land. In addition to formal oversight through Tribal agencies, many Tribes have a cultural connection with their water resources. This is captured, in
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