A Study on Sustainable Development Strageris for Sivakasi Town

Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 13, 2020 A STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRAGERIS FOR SIVAKASI TOWN

1B. Praveen Kumar, 2S. Sundar, 3P. Raguraman, 4A. Hariharasudan*,

1Assistant Professor, Kalasalingam School of Architecture, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, India Email; [email protected] 2Assistant Professor, Nehru School of Architecture, Tamil Nadu, India Email; [email protected] 3Associate Professor, SVS School of Architecture, Tamil Nadu, India Email; [email protected] 4Faculty of English, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India Emai; [email protected] *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Received: 06.04.2020 Revised: 08.05.2020 Accepted: 03.06.2020

Abstract The human started to dwell in an Enclosed Environment. Later he began to dwell in a man-made environment which can be denoted in the word such as boundaries, settlement. As an Upgradation Process, these Development are treated in the term known as Town planning. The Need for Sustainability has been started to realise its importance all over the World. Development can be found in every field in the name of Innovation, and it has been highly impacted by Construction and Materials. The human growth and settlement had been denoted by his users. The level of user Profile is on the basis of his financial income. The growth of settlement is also based on financial and futuristic growth. The Function Activity of a Town is also based on the quite occupation characteristic of the Specified Boundry growth and behaviour analysis can be done also by considering socio activities. As the development the numerous growth can be obtained at the same time, the Disadvantage and Disaster should be avoided. The specific region which I took to Explore was ‘Sivakasi’. The land, which makes people fall in joy. The land of crackers as it on the basis of production point of view the basis Zoning and Town amenities had been lost due to lacking agriculture. We can’t find heritage symptoms and occupational growth. By discussing various planning as a literature view, the safety can be bought within the region in a touch of sustainability which enriches the further development and lot of occupation growth can be restored by implementing sustainability.

Keywords: Sustainable, Sivakasi, cluster housing, shared streets, blighted areas

INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY Word Sustainability had become an essential factor in every By taking an example as a case study, the planning strategies and aspect (The word sustainability term). The sustainable term can safety precaution of the town planning can be found out by be used and followed in every time from the scale of small retaining the possibilities of specific parameters by using dwellings to large scale projects. Sustainability is directly related different sustainability method/process. to the lifestyle behaviour and occupation of a town. The Sivakasi has a different type of settlement and in belated [1] OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY area . By studying the basic activities, the huge accidents and The importance of sustainable planning can be implemented victims can be avoided. The general behaviour of town was on a through the inference from relevant case studies. The further complete basis if seasonal business. The total development is the growth can be redefined and sustainable awareness can be requirement of specific occupation. Thus the concern dense incorporated with safety precaution that plays a significant role should be categorized.The other case studies will be more at Sivakasi. dealing with planning and development, and it should deal with safety at the same time retaining the sustainability.

LITERATURE STUDY Study 1: Kibera

Figure 1. Kibra Slums

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Location Majorly the People who live at Kibera have no clean environment The slum is overcrowded and clustered and generally informal to live. We can find the people who were attacked by a severe settlements [2]. Kibera Slum is the only boundry that separates disease like HIV, Tuberculosis. The major reason was due to Kenya and other places of Nairobi. unhealthy surroundings. Poverty also one of the Important Area Reason for this.

Figure 2. Kibra Settlements

The Government which belongs to that country also pointing the same problem and trying to sort out it by allocating new proposals and they had also found successive rate while initiating the program. The neighborhood also consists of a lot of villages which doesn't have the essential services.

Figure 3. Location of Kibera in Nairobi

Statistics At 2009 Kenya’s population was 170,070. 800,000 people were living at the residence, and it says that 2000 per hectare. At the year of 2008, a team surveyed door by door and found that 5000 of structures has excellent services such as Electricity, Drainage and Water supply.

Figure 4. Railway Tracks in Kibera

Infrastructure 1. Crime due to poverty The railway line crossing over the Kibera, it has a railway station. 2. Lack of building a foundation, which says that an unsafe Even though people use buses and matatus, they pollute the land structure. of Kibera. Due to issues, the hygienic cannot be brought up thus 3. Unyielding topography, which no allows behaving a proper the need for flying toilets. environment of the settlement Clearance Upgrading On 16 September, Kibera Government decides to allot the land The Government, Un-Habitat and other NGO’S found that Kibera for residence, which was a long term plan in Nairobi. It was has 3 major issues expected that it would take 3-5 years but it took nine years as a first phase. 15000 people were rehoused in 300 Apartments.

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Figure 5. New Apartments Being-Built at Kibera

Flying Toilets Study-2: Dharavi The reason, which made Kibera as sick previously what they did Dharavi is located at Mumbai. It was Developed in 1882 at British was they collected the human waste and them through in nearest period due to the exposure of factories and migration of poor river, which made the opportunity of more sick. They decide to people towards Mumbai. Now the Population was found that it build 340 common toilets in that as of now 180 have been will be at 1-1.5 million [2, 3]. completed.

Figure 6. Railway Tracks in Dharavi

At the picture, one can see the mosque and railway track situated riverbank of Mithi. The FSI of these areas is 5 to 15. The at the core region of Dharavi. This region consists of the people Government was trying to make it as 4. belongs to different communities such as Muslims, Hindus, and Kumbars a big community of Gujarat’s potter people. Dharavi is Dharavi Redevelopment Plan– Dharavi’s Future the only place, which has first Tamil School in Mumbai. The unplanned growth of Dharavi is picturised and the local Government planned to organise with an architect known as Location Mukesk Mehta who planned the Schools, Parks and Roads for Dharavi is a vast area, which is situated on the Middle of 57,000 Families. Western and Central Railways and also north Dharavi at the

Figure 7. Proposed Model

Other Dimensional View’s Development Plan The Local government decided to reconstruct the place but the As per Government the who are all present in voter’s list and people came to argument that reconstruction is not an issue but have a residence of 225sq.ft all are eligible for relocation, even something was most common to all religion peoples but it should though the expected percentage of successive count Receive. be retained. The Migration also reduced and importance of sustain should be forced. Sustainable Development The main cause of such development is to retain sustainability and reduce the rate of pollution. The total area was divided into ten sectors which were developed by different land developer as a conclusion Dharavi attained the Schools, Parks, Wide Roads

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and Electricity. It took 5-7 years and the rehabilitation building has more victims. The people who dwell they are has a great was at mostly seven stories. experience with fire and its nature [4].

Development of Local Industrial Units The gathering of public and their festival, occasions all differ By considering the development of local industries, the from others because of the occupation behaviour. Due to this as industries are planned in a way that will not pollute the functional flow, the indirect occupational commercial growth environment, which will be more helpful to have a Healthy also can be found. Growth. Blighted Area-Sivakasi Comparative Analysis The blighted area which has temporary unsafe structure. The While comparing the population growth of a particular area, the place which completely affects the growth of the town. The [4] density level had been increased found out; thus, the natural following things are required for urban renewal designation . growth is differed then planned growth. Due to this, the importance of infrastructure can be monitored. • More level of contamination and poverty • The consideration in the availability of services While comparing the localities of Dharavi and Kibera, the • The consideration in required spaces for appropriate importance of services can be found. The classification of living useage and common spaces has been understood. Thus the registered • The complete unsafe condition growth can be seen. The simplest and best-known phenomenon • Unsuitable Topography of apparent motion occurs when a spot against a contrasting • The unplanned layout for required functional growth background is exposed very briefly. STUDY AREA Problem Identification A preliminary site selection for the blighted Area with probable Sivakasi land which gave occupation for many people who are all sub-zoning (geography, morphology, character, boundaries, based on daily wages. The same land also has a character which function or any other criteria)

Figure 8. Street Layout

These street areas have the specified factor that it is located in total consideration of health, economic level, morals and welfare the heart of the town. At the four-corner junction parted to a [5]. gradual spread of spaces with the mixed purpose of use. All kinds of residential, market, small shops, godowns, exists in the Further, the study extended to the detailed documentation of renewal area. A “blighted area” also means an area that, have the typical houses that exists within the street. The spatial arrangements with their insufficient size emerged the thought for a rehabilitation unit for a commercial scale.

Figure 9. Traffic Flow at Residential Area

Existing Condition The specific streets have already a major service area of town. As a result, the pedestrian activity has started at required functional spaces [6].

Description of the Streets (Bharathi Street and Pudhu Street)

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Figure 10. Street without Commercial Activity

Many of these streets have no enough spaces and provision of • A shared street should be feasible for vehicles in an access this also reflects in the domestic activity. This results in a emergency to pass through. completely unsafe environment at the time of Festival • Regulation can be applied at a vehicle should be maintained. Production [3, 5]. Eco character of the street to be able to implicit the whole of the city. Recommendations • Drainage channels should be provided either at the center of the street or along the flush curb, depending on underground utilities and other existing conditions.

Commercial Shared Street

Figure 11. Street with Commercial Activity

Many narrow or crowded downtown streets operate informally Recommendations as shared streets during rush hour or at lunchtime but are not • The required activity should only be held at street regulated as such. A shared commercial street should not lack its shoulders. characteristics because the user is all different as per the • The commercial activity should be reduced the make behaviour growth of a specific area. While comparing such control at festival timing. growth, the outline shopping also had been developed at the • Safety Precaution And Awareness Should Be Given To Every same due to poor maintenance it can’t be maintained. The Citizen. commercial streets are in manner; thus, the vehicle should be operated in slow speed with the purpose of loading and PROPOSALS unloading only [7]. The street in the rendering above is a common • The first changeover of Sivakasi is taken from an individual sight in many older cities where downtown commercial streets dwelling unit as a lead of micro to the macro level. may predate more full grid streets. In newer cities, a retail • In the Subramaniapuram colony, the focused area is Pudhu district with heavy parking utilization and narrow, congested Street and Bharathi Street. sidewalks may have similar conditions or opportunities. The • These streets consist of numerous residential buildings and focus was between the built environment and people’s quality of commercial blocks within it. life. • The proposal deals with entirely residential structures to provide a safe environment.

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Figure 12. Planning of House 1 Figure 13. Planning of House 2

The effective open courtyard though satisfied the ventilation, fire Recommended Planning safety inside the house was absent. The adjacent door escape was Working Condition: In Industry during the peak months it is shut due to property division among the family members. This believed that more than four workers are accommodated in one inconvenience withholds an unsafe environment for hand- cubicle. Lavatory and water facilities are available within the making products. These people are prompt to restore their campus of the unit. livelihood through fireworks, in the absence of other sages. Several illegal stores up that lead to a major fire accident were Redevelopment in Dwelling Units Cluster Planning carried out by the people. By the way, satisfying their need for Dwelling units these patterns helps in creating shared spaces them to work in a safe environment provokes the design along with the private units. For the purpose of home-based strategies of a designer. workers, the open type cluster housing will be feasible for them to advent a safer community [8].

Figure 14. Recommended Settlement

Ancient typology of settlement spread through various patterns Benefits according to their nature, but cluster patterns formed with no The change in economic level can be found and such type of planning but with space, source and orientation. Shared cluster settlement will reduce the infrastructure cost which communities are always appropriate for a zone that needs safety. encourages the bicycle usage, parks, trails and community- Today’s city lifestyle has turned far apart from this traditional supported spaces. Taking into account changing demographics pattern of living [8]. and changing lifestyles, Gehl explains how to develop cities that are lively, safe, sustainable and healthy [9]. Cluster block plan Residential Cluster Development includes Residential units, Service Block, Washing Area, Drying Cluster development of residence will require more space of Area and Space to Sit and Work together recreation and or agriculture. The shared garden areas can be a source of conflict however. Claimed advantages include more CONCLUSION green/public space, closer community, and optimal stormwater To have a safety settlement, the zoning and screening of management. Cluster development often encounters planning workplace and dwelling should be strictly followed through objections planning strategies. Sustainabality can be maintained through building material usage and consideration in the usage of resources. The proper training should be given to the workers Purpose who use the chemical directly and indirect production should be The need for cluster planning is to: encaged at open space which will reflect in reducing the victims • The integrated site design can be implemented at natural and economic wealthy growth. A holistic development plan topography. should be evolved, targeting the family members with a long- • The space nature can be followed, which helps to retain the term objective of improving their standard of living through natural behavior of town. academic/skill education, awareness promotion activities, and • The causes of pollution can be found out and rectified. women empowerment. A suitable study was done on an existing residential plan. The lower-middle-class house with a ground floor structure later turned out as a shop in the front. The condition of the building was with poor maintenance, lack of

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service outlets like drainage, electricity. The economy of the house which is based on the firecracker business leads every member of the family to indulge. Since health and hygiene should be considered when hand making the sparkles and other non- fusible materials.

Conﬂicts of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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