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Ai2014-5 Aircraft Serious Incident Investigation Report
AI2014-5 AIRCRAFT SERIOUS INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT HOKKAIDO AIR SYSTEM CO., LTD. J A 0 3 H C November 27, 2014 The objective of the investigation conducted by the Japan Transport Safety Board in accordance with the Act for Establishment of the Japan Transport Safety Board (and with Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation) is to prevent future accidents and incidents. It is not the purpose of the investigation to apportion blame or liability. Norihiro Goto Chairman, Japan Transport Safety Board Note: This report is a translation of the Japanese original investigation report. The text in Japanese shall prevail in the interpretation of the report. AIRCRAFT SERIOUS INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT HOKKAIDO AIR SYSTEM CO., LTD. SAAB 340B, JA03HC EMERGENCY OPERATION TO AVOID COLLISION WITH THE TERRAIN ABOVE OKUSHIRI AIRPORT AROUND 11:38 JST, JUNE 4, 2011 November 7, 2014 Adopted by the Japan Transport Safety Board Chairman Norihiro Goto Member Shinsuke Endoh Member Toshiyuki Ishikawa Member Sadao Tamura Member Yuki Shuto Member Keiji Tanaka SYNOPSIS Summary of the Incident On June 4 (Saturday), 2011, a SAAB 340B, registered JA03HC, operated by Hokkaido Air System Co., Ltd., took off from Hakodate Airport as a scheduled Flight 2891. During the approach to Runway 31 of Okushiri Airport, the aircraft executed a go-around and once started climbing, but it soon reversed to descend. Consequently, at around 11:38 Japan Standard Time, its flight crew became aware of the situation and executed an emergency operation to avoid crash to the ground. The aircraft flew back to Hakodate Airport, following some holdings over Okushiri Airport. -
Contents [Edit] Africa
Low cost carriers The following is a list of low cost carriers organized by home country. A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (also known as a no-frills, discount or budget carrier or airline) is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. See the low cost carrier article for more information. Regional airlines, which may compete with low-cost airlines on some routes are listed at the article 'List of regional airlines.' Contents [hide] y 1 Africa y 2 Americas y 3 Asia y 4 Europe y 5 Middle East y 6 Oceania y 7 Defunct low-cost carriers y 8 See also y 9 References [edit] Africa Egypt South Africa y Air Arabia Egypt y Kulula.com y 1Time Kenya y Mango y Velvet Sky y Fly540 Tunisia Nigeria y Karthago Airlines y Aero Contractors Morocco y Jet4you y Air Arabia Maroc [edit] Americas Mexico y Aviacsa y Interjet y VivaAerobus y Volaris Barbados Peru y REDjet (planned) y Peruvian Airlines Brazil United States y Azul Brazilian Airlines y AirTran Airways Domestic y Gol Airlines Routes, Caribbean Routes and y WebJet Linhas Aéreas Mexico Routes (in process of being acquired by Southwest) Canada y Allegiant Air Domestic Routes and International Charter y CanJet (chartered flights y Frontier Airlines Domestic, only) Mexico, and Central America y WestJet Domestic, United Routes [1] States and Caribbean y JetBlue Airways Domestic, Routes Caribbean, and South America Routes Colombia y Southwest Airlines Domestic Routes y Aires y Spirit Airlines Domestic, y EasyFly Caribbean, Central and -
My Personal Callsign List This List Was Not Designed for Publication However Due to Several Requests I Have Decided to Make It Downloadable
- www.egxwinfogroup.co.uk - The EGXWinfo Group of Twitter Accounts - @EGXWinfoGroup on Twitter - My Personal Callsign List This list was not designed for publication however due to several requests I have decided to make it downloadable. It is a mixture of listed callsigns and logged callsigns so some have numbers after the callsign as they were heard. Use CTL+F in Adobe Reader to search for your callsign Callsign ICAO/PRI IATA Unit Type Based Country Type ABG AAB W9 Abelag Aviation Belgium Civil ARMYAIR AAC Army Air Corps United Kingdom Civil AgustaWestland Lynx AH.9A/AW159 Wildcat ARMYAIR 200# AAC 2Regt | AAC AH.1 AAC Middle Wallop United Kingdom Military ARMYAIR 300# AAC 3Regt | AAC AgustaWestland AH-64 Apache AH.1 RAF Wattisham United Kingdom Military ARMYAIR 400# AAC 4Regt | AAC AgustaWestland AH-64 Apache AH.1 RAF Wattisham United Kingdom Military ARMYAIR 500# AAC 5Regt AAC/RAF Britten-Norman Islander/Defender JHCFS Aldergrove United Kingdom Military ARMYAIR 600# AAC 657Sqn | JSFAW | AAC Various RAF Odiham United Kingdom Military Ambassador AAD Mann Air Ltd United Kingdom Civil AIGLE AZUR AAF ZI Aigle Azur France Civil ATLANTIC AAG KI Air Atlantique United Kingdom Civil ATLANTIC AAG Atlantic Flight Training United Kingdom Civil ALOHA AAH KH Aloha Air Cargo United States Civil BOREALIS AAI Air Aurora United States Civil ALFA SUDAN AAJ Alfa Airlines Sudan Civil ALASKA ISLAND AAK Alaska Island Air United States Civil AMERICAN AAL AA American Airlines United States Civil AM CORP AAM Aviation Management Corporation United States Civil -
Towada-Hachimantai National Park Guide Book
Towada-Hachimantai National Park Guide Book 十和田八幡平国立公園 Feel the landscapes of Northern Tohoku that change from season to season in the vast nature 四季それぞれに美しい北東北を自然の中で体感 In Japan, each of the four seasons has its own colour that allows visitors to truly feel its atmosphere. Especially in Tohoku, where winter is crucially rigorous, people wait for the arrival of spring, sing the joys of summer, and appreciate the rich harvests of autumn. There are many things in Tohoku that bring joy to people throughout the year. Towada-Hachimantai National Park is located in the mountainous area of Northern Japan, and lies upon the three prefectures of Northern Tohoku. It is composed of “Towada-Hakkoda Area” , on the northern side that consists of Lake Towada, Oirase Gorge and Hakkoda Mountains and “Hachimantai Area” , on the southern side that consists of Mt. Hachimantai, Mt. Akita-Komagatake and Mt. Iwate. Both areas are very rich in natural resources, such as forests, lakes and marshes, and a wide variety of fauna and flora. There are also many onsen spots where you can immerse your body and soul. 01 Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Hakodate Airport Oma To Tomakomai Aomori Contents ● Tohoku Shinkansen about 3hr 10 min. Tokyo Station Shin-Aomori Station Towada-Hakkoda Area Shin-Aomori Station Airplane about 1hr 20 min. Haneda Airport Misawa Airport Airplane about 1hr 15 min. Haneda Airport Aomori Airport Tohoku Shinkansen about 1hr 30 min. Sendai Station Shin-Aomori Station Hokkaido / Tohoku Shinkansen about 1hr Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Station Shin-Aomori Station Highway Bus about 4hr 50 min. Sendai Station Aomori Station Joy of Spring Iwate 04 春の歓喜 Tohoku Shinkansen about 2hr 20 min. -
Kavli IPMU Annual 2014 Report
ANNUAL REPORT 2014 REPORT ANNUAL April 2014–March 2015 2014–March April Kavli IPMU Kavli Kavli IPMU Annual Report 2014 April 2014–March 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD 2 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 NEWS&EVENTS 8 3 ORGANIZATION 10 4 STAFF 14 5 RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTS 20 5.1 Unbiased Bases and Critical Points of a Potential ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙20 5.2 Secondary Polytopes and the Algebra of the Infrared ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙21 5.3 Moduli of Bridgeland Semistable Objects on 3- Folds and Donaldson- Thomas Invariants ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙22 5.4 Leptogenesis Via Axion Oscillations after Inflation ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙23 5.5 Searching for Matter/Antimatter Asymmetry with T2K Experiment ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 24 5.6 Development of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙26 5.7 Search for Physics beyond Standard Model with KamLAND-Zen ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙28 5.8 Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Most Iron-Poor Stars as Probes of the First Stars in the Universe ∙ ∙ ∙ 29 5.9 Measuring Gravitational lensing Using CMB B-mode Polarization by POLARBEAR ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 30 5.10 The First Galaxy Maps from the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙32 5.11 Detection of the Possible Companion Star of Supernova 2011dh ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ -
Bombardier Business Aircraft and Are Not Added to This Report
BACKGROUNDER June 30, 2015 Program Status Report - CRJ Series aircraft Deliveries Total Total Current Apr - Jun FYTD 1 Orders Delivered Backlog 2015 CRJ100 226 226 0 0 0 CRJ200 709 709 0 0 0 CRJ440 86 86 0 0 0 CRJ700 Series 701 2 334 326 8 1 2 CRJ700 Series 705 16 16 0 0 0 CRJ900 391 351 40 11 24 CRJ1000 68 40 28 0 1 Challenger 800 3 33 33 0 0 0 Total 1863 1787 76 12 27 June 30, 2015 Page 1 of 3 Program Status Report - CRJ Series aircraft CRJ700 CRJ700 CRJ700 CRJ700 Customer Total Total CRJ100 CRJ100 CRJ200 CRJ200 CRJ440 CRJ440 Series 701 Series 701 Series 705 Series 705 CRJ900 CRJ900 CRJ1000 CRJ1000 Orders Delivered Backlog Ordered Delivered Ordered Delivered Ordered Delivered Ordered Delivered Ordered Delivered Ordered Delivered Ordered Delivered Adria Airways 12 11 1 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 0 AeroLineas MesoAmericanas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Air Canada 56 56 0 24 24 17 17 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0 Air Dolimiti 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Air Littoral 19 19 0 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Air Nostrum 81 56 25 0 0 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 35 10 Air One 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 Air Wisconsin 64 64 0 0 0 64 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 American Airlines 54 30 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 30 0 0 American Eagle 47 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arik Air 7 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 3 1 Atlantic Southeast (ASA) 57 57 0 0 0 45 45 0 0 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atlasjet 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 Austrian arrows 4 13 13 0 0 0 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BRIT AIR 49 49 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0 14 14 British European 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 China Eastern Yunnan 6 6 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 China Express 28 18 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 18 0 0 Cimber Air 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COMAIR 130 130 0 110 110 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 DAC AIR 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Delta Connection 168 168 0 0 0 94 94 0 0 30 30 0 0 44 44 0 0 Delta Air Lines 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 0 0 Estonian Air 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 The Fair Inc. -
Ai2009-1 Aircraft Serious Incident Investigation Report
AI2009-1 AIRCRAFT SERIOUS INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT JAPAN AIRLINES INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. J A 8 9 0 4 JAPAN AIRLINES INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. J A 8 0 2 0 January 23, 2009 Japan Transport Safety Board The investigation for this report was conducted by Japan Transport Safety Board, JTSB, about the aircraft serious incident of JAPAN AIRLINES INTERNATIONAL , B747-400D registration JA8904 and JAPAN AIRLINES INTERNATIONAL, MD-90-30 registration JA8020 in accordance with Japan Transport Safety Board Establishment Law and Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation for the purpose of determining causes of the aircraft serious incident and contributing to the prevention of accidents/incidents and not for the purpose of blaming responsibility of the serious incident. This English version of this report has been published and translated by JTSB to make its reading easier for English speaking people who are not familiar with Japanese. Although efforts are made to translate as accurately as possible, only the Japanese version is authentic. If there is any difference in the meaning of the texts between the Japanese and English versions, the text in the Japanese version prevails. Norihiro Goto, Chairman, Japan Transport Safety Board AIRCRAFT SERIOUS INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT 1. JAPAN AIRLINES INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. BOEING 747-400D JA8904 2. JAPAN AIRLINES INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. DOUGLAS MD-90-30 JA8020 AT ABOUT 10:33 JST FEBRUARY 16, 2008 ON THE RUNWAY 01R OF NEW CHITOSE AIRPORT December 10, 2008 Adopted by the Japan Transport Safety Board (Aircraft Sub-committee) Chairman Norihiro Goto Member Yukio Kusuki Member Shinsuke Endo Member Noboru Toyooka Member Yuki Shuto Member Akiko Matsuo - 1 - 1 PROCESS AND PROGRESS OF AIRCRAFT SERIOUS INCIDENT INVESTIGATION 1.1 Summary of the Serious Incident The event covered by this report falls under the category of “an aborted take-off on an engaged runway” as stipulated in Clause 1, Article 166-4 of the Civil Aeronautics Regulations of Japan, and is classified as an Aircraft Serious Incident. -
Oneworld Circle Pacific Explorer
oneworld Circle Pacific Explorer ATPCO AA / BA / CX / JJ / JL / KA / LA / MH / NU / QF / QR / RJ / XL / 4M / UL RULE 7889 / CTR1 1. APPLICATION First/Business/Economy class Circle Trip travel via AA/BA/CX/JJ/JL/KA/LA/MH/NU/QF/QR/RJ/XL/4M/UL. Between: points in Area 1 and Area 3, via the North/Central Pacific (ie between Asia and the Americas) in one direction and via South Pacific (ie between the Americas and Australia/New Zealand) in the other direction for travel originating and terminating in: A. Australia K. Myanmar B. Brunei L. New Zealand C. Cambodia M. Philippines D. Canada N. Singapore E. China O. South America F. Hong Kong P. South Korea G. Indonesia Q. Taiwan H. Japan R. Thailand I. Malaysia S. USA J. Mexico T. Vietnam NOTE: These fares only apply if purchased prior to departure. A maximum of 16 segments, including surface segments between any 2 airports, are permitted for the entire journey. Capacity Limitations The carrier shall limit the number of passengers carried on any one flight at fares governed by this rule and such fares will not necessarily be available on all flights. The number of seats which the carrier shall make available on a given flight will be determined by the carrier’s best judgement. Baggage Regulations Two free pieces of 23 kilos each shall be permitted. Additional allowances may apply. Refer to individual carrier websites. Passenger Expenses Not permitted. Fares Refer GDS. 1 | Rule 7889 oneworld Circle Pacific Explorer 4. FLIGHT APPLICATION / ROUTINGS The total journey must: A. -
Global Volatility Steadies the Climb
WORLD AIRLINER CENSUS Global volatility steadies the climb Cirium Fleet Forecast’s latest outlook sees heady growth settling down to trend levels, with economic slowdown, rising oil prices and production rate challenges as factors Narrowbodies including A321neo will dominate deliveries over 2019-2038 Airbus DAN THISDELL & CHRIS SEYMOUR LONDON commercial jets and turboprops across most spiking above $100/barrel in mid-2014, the sectors has come down from a run of heady Brent Crude benchmark declined rapidly to a nybody who has been watching growth years, slowdown in this context should January 2016 low in the mid-$30s; the subse- the news for the past year cannot be read as a return to longer-term averages. In quent upturn peaked in the $80s a year ago. have missed some recurring head- other words, in commercial aviation, slow- Following a long dip during the second half Alines. In no particular order: US- down is still a long way from downturn. of 2018, oil has this year recovered to the China trade war, potential US-Iran hot war, And, Cirium observes, “a slowdown in high-$60s prevailing in July. US-Mexico trade tension, US-Europe trade growth rates should not be a surprise”. Eco- tension, interest rates rising, Chinese growth nomic indicators are showing “consistent de- RECESSION WORRIES stumbling, Europe facing populist backlash, cline” in all major regions, and the World What comes next is anybody’s guess, but it is longest economic recovery in history, US- Trade Organization’s global trade outlook is at worth noting that the sharp drop in prices that Canada commerce friction, bond and equity its weakest since 2010. -
Outline of IWATE UNIVERSITY for International Students a Wide Variety of Research Topics, Made Possible by the Extensive Campus
Outline of I ATE UNIVERSITY for International Students Contact Information Support available in Japanese, English, Chinese, and Korean International Office YouTube 3-18-34 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550 Japan TEL+81-19-621-6057 / +81-19-621-6076 FAX+81-19-621-6290 E-mail: [email protected] Website Instagram Support available only in Japanese Topic Division/Office in Charge TEL E-mail General Administration and Public Relations About the university in general Division, General Administration Department 019-621-6006 [email protected] Admissions Office, About the entrance exam Student Services Department 019-621-6064 Student Support Division, Facebook About student life Student Services Department 019-621-6060 [email protected] About careers for students Career Support Division, INDEX after graduation Student Services Department 019-621-6709 [email protected] Graduation certificates for graduates and Student Services Division, 1. About Iwate University ………………………………… p.2 students who have completed their studies Student Services Department 019-621-6055 [email protected] 2. Undergraduate and Graduate Programs ………… p.4 3. Research Topics ………………………………………… p.14 Twitter 4. Types of International Students …………………… p.16 5. Support for International Students ……………… p.18 Website Iwate University Japanese English https://www.iwate-u.ac.jp/english/index.html 6. A Day in the Life of an International Student… p.20 Global Education Center Japanese English Chinese Korean https://www.iwate-u.ac.jp/iuic/ 7. Interviews with International Students ………… p.22 Researchers Database Japanese English http://univdb.iwate-u.ac.jp/openmain.jsp 8. Campus Calendar………………………………………… p.23 Questions related to the entrance exam Japanese https://www.iwate-u.ac.jp/admission/index.html WeChat (Chinese International Students Association) 9. -
Arrival Gate of Domestic Airline
L EWA N E R From April 25, 2017 (Tuesday) The departure gates and the arrival gates of the domestic airline will be changed! Please be noted that the name of the departure gates on Floor 2 and the arrival gates on Floor 1 of the domestic airline will be changed since April 25 (Tuesday). Please also be noted that the departure gates (safety inspection area) and the arrival gates will be different subject to the airline company). Additionally, the name of the departure gates on Floor 2 (safety inspection area) is changed and some of them are relocated. Departure gates(safety inspection area)of domestic airline ANA ADO JAL Airline company in use All Nippon Airways Air Do Japan Airlines ANA All Nippon Airways JAL ADO Japan Airlines Air Do APJ SKY Peach Aviation Skymark Airlines *The departure gate B now in use will be closed since April 25. VNL FDA Vanilla Air Fuji Dream Airlines SJO C Spring Japan *New facility to be opened JJP Jetstar Airways Under construction D JAL (Old name:C) ANA ADO B FDA E (Old name:A) SKY (Old name:D) JJP A Under construction (Old name:N) F (Old name:E) Under construction Departure gate (safety inspection area) Airline company counter Arrival gate of domestic airline ANA Airline company in use All Nippon Airways ANA All Nippon Airways ADO Air Do JAL Japan Airlines JAL ADO APJ Japan Airlines Air Do Peach Aviation SKY APJ VNL Skymark Airlines Peach Aviation Vanilla Air FDA VNL SJO Fuji Dream Airlines Vanilla Air Spring Japan n JJP SJO constructio Jetstar Airways Spring Japan Under ANA group 3 (Old name:ANA) 4 APJ (Old name:JAL-A) VNL 2 SJO (Old name:ANA) 5 Under construction (Old name:JAL-B) 1 Arrival gate (Old name:N) Airline company counter. -
Encyclopedia of Japanese Business and Management
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF JAPANESE BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF JAPANESE BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT Edited by Allan Bird London and New York First published 2002 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk” ©selection and editorial matter Allan Bird 2002; ©the entries Routledge 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Encyclopedia of Japanese business and management/edited by Allan Bird. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Japan—Gommerce—Encyclopedias. 2. Industrial management—Japan— Encyclopedias. 3. Corporations, Japanese—Management—Encyclopedias. 4. Business enterprises—Japan—Encyclopedias. 5. Japan—Commerce— Dictionaries. 6. Japanese language—Dictionaries-English. I. Title: Japanese business and management. II. Bird, Allan. HF1001 .E467 2001 1650′.0952–dc21 2001019952 ISBN 0-203-99632-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-415-18945-4 (Print Edition) Contents List of contributors vii Entries A-Z 1 Acknowledgements xi Introduction xiii Index 483 How to use this book xv Thematic entry list xvi Contributors Editorial team Volume editor Allan Bird University of Missouri, St.