ANNUAL REPORT 2014 REPORT ANNUAL April 2014–March 2015 2014–March April Kavli IPMU Kavli Kavli IPMU Annual Report 2014 April 2014–March 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD 2 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 NEWS&EVENTS 8 3 ORGANIZATION 10 4 STAFF 14 5 RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTS 20 5.1 Unbiased Bases and Critical Points of a Potential ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙20 5.2 Secondary Polytopes and the Algebra of the Infrared ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙21 5.3 Moduli of Bridgeland Semistable Objects on 3- Folds and Donaldson- Thomas Invariants ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙22 5.4 Leptogenesis Via Axion Oscillations after Inflation ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙23 5.5 Searching for Matter/Antimatter Asymmetry with T2K Experiment ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 24 5.6 Development of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙26 5.7 Search for Physics beyond Standard Model with KamLAND-Zen ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙28 5.8 Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Most Iron-Poor Stars as Probes of the First Stars in the Universe ∙ ∙ ∙ 29 5.9 Measuring Gravitational lensing Using CMB B-mode Polarization by POLARBEAR ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 30 5.10 The First Galaxy Maps from the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙32 5.11 Detection of the Possible Companion Star of Supernova 2011dh ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙34 ∙ 5.12 Using Galaxies to Shed Light on the Dark Universe ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙36 5.13 Decoding the Gravitational Evolution of Dark Matter Halos ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙37 5.14 Super Sample Covariance in Simulations ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙38 6. AWARDS 40 7. CONFERENCES 42 7.1 Workshop on “Floer and Novikov Homology, Contact Topology and Related Topics” ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙42 7.2 Mini-Workshop: Towards Quantum Primitive Form Theory ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙44 7.3 Workshop on CLASS and MontePython ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 46∙ 7.4 Kavli IPMU–RIKEN iTHES–Osaka TSRP Symposium Frontiers of Theoretical Science–MATTER, LIFE and COSMOS– ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 48 ∙ 7.5 The 24th Workshop on General Relativity and Gravitation in Japan (JGRG24) ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙50 7.6 Galaxies and Cosmology in Light of Strong Lensing ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 52 7.7 String Theory in Greater Tokyo ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 54 ∙ 7.8 The 6th Open Meeting of the Hyper-Kamiokande Project ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 56 7.9 Workshop on “Getting a Grip on Galactic Girths” ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 58 7.10 Key Aspects in Exploring Road to Unification (KAERU Conference) ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 60∙ 7.11 MadGraph5_aMC@NLO Femto Workshop ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 62 8. SEMINARS 64 9. VISITORS 72 10.PUBLICATIONS 90 11.PREPRINTS 124 12.CONFERENCEPRESENTATIONSANDSEMINARTALKS 138 Copyright © 2015 Kavli IPMU All rights reserved 13.OUTREACHANDPUBLICRELATIONS 148 Editors Tomiyoshi Haruyama (Chair), Chiaki Hikage, Nobuhiko Katayama Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe UTIAS, The University of Tokyo IPMU Kavli 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan Report 2014 Annual Tel: +81-4-7136-4940 Fax: +81-4-7136-4941 April 2015 2014–March http://www.ipmu.jp/ April 2014–March 2015 Kavli IPMU ANNUAL REPORT 2014 On the cover: M51 Galaxy before (left) and after (right) the eruption of SN 2011dh. The image on the left was taken in 2009, and on the right on July 8th, 2011 (Image credit: Conrad Jung). Foreword Foreword Hitoshi Murayama Director t is my great pleasure to present the Kavli IPMU annual report for fiscal year 2014. The Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) was founded on October I 1, 2007. We proposed to address five basic questions about the Universe: how it began, what it is made of, what its fate is, what its fundamental laws are, and why we exist in it. We do so by combining mathematics, physics, and astronomy, employing accelerator-based experiments, underground experiments, and observations at telescopes. This Institute literally started from scratch, but now has grown to a size of about 150 people on site including graduate students and support staff. In 2014, we advanced four missions to reinforce the WPI activities: science, fusion, globalization and system reform. I lined up those prominent scientific results in “Research Highlights”. “Tea-time” scheme is keeping its important role as the mutual interaction among mathematicians, physicists and astronomers. The estab- lished international research environment could be seen in the numbers of application for the post-doctori- al positions, the number of nearly 1000 visitors with a half of them coming from abroad, organized highly reputed international workshops and so on. The institute activated system reform in the University. We achieved the first internal cross appointment, and joint appointments from outside. The Kavli IPMU has been nominated for a 5-year extension as a “highly exceptional case whose achieve- ments are far beyond the very high WPI standard”. We proposed an ambitious plan to include statistics in our research, create a new international graduate program, push for new projects such as LiteBIRD, and make sure that the institute will be sustainable. We are looking into an even brighter future! 2 KavliIPMU Annual Report 2014 KavliIPMU Annual Report 2014 3 Introduction team led by M. Ishigaki and K. Nomoto obtained a clue on 471 (549) are international. We obtained 766 applicants for INTRODUCTION the mass of first stars in the Universe by analyzing the spec- our postdoctoral positions and 92% of them are from outside trum of the most iron-poor star recently discovered. The Japan. So far the Kavli IPMU signed 16 cooperative research group led by G. Folatelli and M. Bersten found evidence of agreements or memorandum of understanding (MOU), and a hot binary companion star predicted in their new theo- student exchange is increasing. We obtain the new external Introduction retical picture of supernovae. funding from JSPS for the program for advancing strategic • Pure gravity mediation (PGM) model developed by the international networks to accelerate the circulation of talent- group of T. Yanagida and S. Matsumoto has been widely ed researchers. known to be a successful model for physics beyond the 1 standard model. They showed that both the cosmic-ray The Kavli IPMU has achieved many reforms including non- he Kavli IPMU marks the eighth year since it was trino oscillation from muon neutrinos to electron neutri- founded from scratch as one of the initial five WPI nos. electron positron anomaly and the excess of antiproton to traditional tenure positions, merit-based salary system, “nen- T (World Premier Institutes Initiative) institutes. The • The KamLAND-Zen experiment led by K. Inoue and A. proton ratio reported by the AMS-02 group can be po” system, Kavli endowment and naming. Our successful Kavli IPMU is a unique interdisciplinary institute in the world Kozlov searches for neutrinoless double beta dacay in explained as the decay of wino dark matter predicted in system reforms are expected to spread to the rest of the Uni- combining mathematics, theoretical and experimental phys- Xenon 136 to provide the world best limit for the effective the models. versity and other research institutions to help boost the over- ics, and astronomy. It has now grown to a competitive world- Majorana neutrino mass. The team succeeded in reducing • Theoretical physicists in the Kavli IPMU are playing domi- all competitiveness of Japan on the global scale. We achieved class institute consisting of 255 research members and 42 Ag-110m background and reported the improved upper nant roles in developing methods to exactly compute the first internal cross appointment for Prof. N. Yoshida administrative and research support staffs. Since the quality limit for the effective mass of 140meV to 280meV in Neu- important observables in supersymmetric gauge theories. between the Faculty of Science in UTokyo (60%) and the of our work is well recognized in the community, the Kavli trino 2014 conference. K. Hori’s group obtained exact formula for supersymmetric Kavli IPMU (40%) under a clear job effort contract. We attract- IPMU has been nominated for a 5-year extension, as a “highly • The EGADS project led by M. Vagins finished the R&D test partition functions in 1D and 2D theories, which are impor- ed M. Hazumi as a professor on a joint appointment with KEK, exceptional case whose achievements are far beyond the for studying the effect of dissolving gadolinium salts in a tant for string theory as well as quantum field theory. who is the PI of CMB polarization experiments of POLAR- very high WPI standard”. water Cherenkov detector, and steadily progressed toward • Mathematicians