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Analysis of the Agreement Between the European Union and the Mercosur

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Analysis of the Agreement Between the European Union and the Mercosur Study Analysis of the agreement between the European Union and the Mercosur By Dr. Luciana Ghiotto and Dr. Javier Echaide CONTENT 0. FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................6 1.1 Talks conclude: The June 28 announcement ......................................................................................6 1.2 The longest trade negotiations in the world .......................................................................................8 1.2.1 The evolution of the negotiation ......................................................................................................9 1.3 Notes.................................................................................................................................................................... 14 2. THE TRADE PILLAR ............................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1 An overview of the bilateral trade relationship ............................................................................. 16 2.2 Reduction of tariffs on industrial goods ............................................................................................. 20 2.2.1 The impacts on the automotive sector ....................................................................................... 22 2.3 Agricultural goods ........................................................................................................................................ 24 2.3.1 Analysis of liberalisation of agricultural goods ..................................................................... 27 2.4 Other measures in the Trade in Goods Chapter ............................................................................. 34 2.4.1 Elimination of export duties ........................................................................................................... 34 2.4.2 Bilateral Safeguard Measures ......................................................................................................... 34 2.5 Rules of Origin (RO) ..................................................................................................................................... 35 2.5.1 Non-originating materials ................................................................................................................ 36 2.5.2 Fishing ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.5.3 Certification of Origin ......................................................................................................................... 41 2.6 Notes.................................................................................................................................................................... 42 3. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE............................................................................................................... 47 3.1 Technical Barriers to Trade: definitions ............................................................................................ 47 3.1.1 Chapter on Technical Barriers to Trade .................................................................................... 49 3.1.2 Customs and Trade Facilitation ..................................................................................................... 50 3.1.3 The effects of Trade Facilitation and TBT in the agreement ........................................... 52 3.2 Chapter on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures ........................................................................ 53 3.3 Chapter on Dialogues .................................................................................................................................. 55 3.4 Impacts of the SPS and Dialogue Chapters ....................................................................................... 58 3.5 Notes.................................................................................................................................................................... 62 4. TRADE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 64 4.1 Trade, Climate Change, Biodiversity, and Forests ......................................................................... 64 4.1.1 Impacts of trade on deforestation and climate change ...................................................... 66 1 4.1.2 The general effects of the agreement on the environment .............................................. 69 4.2 Labour Standards .......................................................................................................................................... 73 4.3 Technical and Scientific Information ................................................................................................... 75 4.4 Responsible management of supply chains ..................................................................................... 76 4.5 Dispute settlement in the context of Trade and Sustainable Development...................... 77 4.6 Notes.................................................................................................................................................................... 79 5. SERVICES .................................................................................................................................................................. 82 5.1 Mobility of Business People ..................................................................................................................... 84 5.2 Licences and Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................. 84 5.3 Financial Services .......................................................................................................................................... 85 5.4 Capital Movement ......................................................................................................................................... 85 5.5. Electronic Commerce ................................................................................................................................. 87 5.6 Notes.................................................................................................................................................................... 90 6. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT .................................................................................................................................... 91 6.1 Analysis of the Public Procurement Chapter ................................................................................... 91 6.2 What does the opening up of public procurement imply? ........................................................ 93 6.3 Other examples of how the agreement could impact on public procurement ................ 94 6.3.1 Airports ..................................................................................................................................................... 94 6.3.2 Medicines ................................................................................................................................................. 95 6.3.3 Public universities................................................................................................................................ 96 6.4 Notes.................................................................................................................................................................... 97 7. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ............................................................................................................................. 99 7.1 Patents on Medicine ..................................................................................................................................... 99 7.2 Plant varieties .............................................................................................................................................. 101 7.3 Geographical Indications (GI) .............................................................................................................. 102 7.4 Copyrights and Trademarks ................................................................................................................. 105 7.5 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................................................................. 106 7.6 Notes................................................................................................................................................................. 107 8. OTHER RELEVANT ISSUES............................................................................................................................ 109 8.1 Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) ........................................................................................... 109 8.2 State Companies ......................................................................................................................................... 110 8.3 Dispute settlement: mediation, arbitration, and codes of conduct ...................................
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