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Strategic Narratives Schlebusch, Jan University of Groningen Strategic narratives Schlebusch, Jan IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2018 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Schlebusch, J. (2018). Strategic narratives: Groen van Prinsterer as Nineteenth-Century Statesman- Historian. University of Groningen. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 27-09-2021 Strategic Narratives Groen van Prinsterer as Nineteenth-Century Statesman-Historian PhD thesis to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. E. Sterken and in accordance with the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on 25 June 2018 at 14:30 hours by Jan Adriaan Schlebusch born on 4 February 1989 in Bloemfontein, South Africa Supervisors Prof. M.P.A. de Baar Prof. C. Jedan Assessment Committee Prof. G. Harinck Prof. A.L. Molendijk Prof. T.H. Weir Dedicated to my parents My father, Jann, for inspiring this project My mother, Annemarie, for her support and love Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (1801-1876) (Portrait by Dirk Jurriaan Sluyter, 1872) CONTENTS PREFACE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. xi INTRODUCTION ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………….………………… 1 CHAPTER 1. THE REVOLUTION’S ANECDOTE: GROEN’S EARLY LIFE AND EARLY CAREER AS ANTI- REVOLUTIONARY THINKER AND PUBLIC FIGURE (1801-1847) ……………………………………………….. 18 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 2. Groen’s Early Life: The Batavian-French Period and the United Kingdom (1801– 1813) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 2.1. Groen’s Family Background and Childhood ………………..……………………………………….. 19 2.2. Groen’s Early Development as Student, Advocate, and Referendary in King Willem I’s Cabinet: The United Kingdom (1814–1830) ………………………….……………………………….. 23 3. Groen and the Belgian Revolution (1828–1830) …………………………………………………..… 29 4. Groen as Historian and Political Theorist: The (Northern) Kingdom of the Netherlands (1830–1848) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36 4.1. Groen’s as Anti-Revolutionary Publicist and His Emergence as Réveil Front Man … 37 4.2. Groen and the Constitutional Revision of 1840 …………………………..………………….…... 40 4.3. Groen’s First Engagement in the School Struggle in the 1840s ……….…………………… 46 5. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47 CHAPTER 2. “EACH OF HIS WORDS WAS AN ACT”: GROEN AS ANTI-REVOLUTIONARY IN THE NEW DUTCH CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY AND HIS FINAL YEARS (1848-1876) ……………….... 50 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50 2. Groen as Member of the Second Chamber: The Early Years of the Dutch Constitutional Democracy (1848–1857) ………………………………………………………….…………. 51 2.1. Thorbecke’s Constitutional Revision of 1848 and the Enthronement of Willem III . 51 2.2. Groen’s Repositioning in Light of the Constitutional Changes …………………..…………. 56 vii 2.3. The April Movement of 1853 ………………..…………………………………………………………….. 60 2.4. Groen’s Involvement in the School Struggle and the New School Bill ……….……..... 65 2.5. Groen’s Resignation from the Second Chamber ………………………………………..………. 68 3. Groen’s Continuing Socio-Political Engagement Outside, and Eventual Return to, Parliament (1858–1865) ………..………………………………………………………………………….………. 73 4. Groen’s Retirement from Public Life and His Final Years (1866–1876) …………………… 75 5. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………. 77 CHAPTER 3. TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED VIEW OF GROEN AS STATESMAN-HISTORIAN: AN OVERVIEW AND CRITIQUE OF THE THEMES AND APPROACHES IN THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON GROEN ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....…………………… 79 1. Introduction ……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………. 79 2. Overview of the Existing Body of Literature on Groen van Prinsterer…………..….……… 80 3. Thematic Focus of Groen Historiography to Date …………….……...………………………….… 82 3.1. Groen as Political Theorist …………..………………………………………………………….…………. 82 3.1.1. The Christian State …………..……………..………………………………………………………………. 83 3.1.2. Political Authority and Liberty ………………..………..………………………………………….….. 85 3.1.3. Groen’s Notion of “Revolution” ……………..………………..……………………………….…….. 87 3.2. Groen as Historian …………………………………………………………………………………………….… 89 3.2.1. The Polemic Character of His Historiography .………….…………………………….………… 89 3.2.2. The Influence of Romantic Historicism and the Réveil ….……..…..…………………….… 90 3.2.3. Groen’s Conception of Historic Causality and the Role of Ideas in History ………… 92 3.2.4. Groen’s Historical Teleology …………………….……………………………………….……………… 94 3.3. Groen the Politician ………………………...…………………………………………………………….…… 96 3.3.1. Groen’s Relationship to Thorbecke and the Constitutional Revisions ………..……… 96 3.3.2. Groen in Parliament and the School Struggle …....…...……………………………….………. 98 4. Conclusion ……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………. 105 viii CHAPTER 4. THE CHRISTIAN-HISTORICAL NARRATIVE: ITS POLITICAL OBJECTIVES, RHETORICAL STRATEGIES AND CENTRAL THEMES …………………………………………………………………………….……… 108 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 109 2. Groen’s Historical Narrative Meta-Structure ………………………………………………………… 109 3. Groen’s Commitment to Modern Source-Based Historic Research ………………………. 111 4. The Thematic Emphasis of Groen’s Christian-Historical Narrative as Rhetorical Strategy ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 112 4.1. The “Unbelief and Revolution” Dichotomy ……………….…………………………………….… 112 4.2. The Role of Ideas in Historical Causality ………………………..…………………………………… 116 4.3. Historical Teleology ………………………………..…………………………………………………….…… 120 4.3.1. Groen’s Historic-Providential Principle ……………………..……………………………………. 120 4.3.2. The Eschatological Dimension of Groen’s Historical Narrative …….…………………. 127 4.4. Summary of Groen’s Main Strategic Narrative Themes …………………….……….……… 135 5. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 137 CHAPTER 5. GROEN’S CHRISTIAN-HISTORICAL POLITICAL THEORY AS NARRATIVELY SANCTIONED ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 139 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 139 2. Unbelief and Revolution as Groen’s Christian-Historical Manifesto ……………..………. 140 2.1. Context and Purpose ……………………….…………………………………………………..…………… 141 2.2. First Audience and Initial Reception ……………………..…………………………………………… 144 2.3. Structure and Main Narrative Argument ……………………..……………………………………. 148 2.4. The First and Second Editions Compared …………………………………………………………… 155 3. Groen’s Notions of Political Authority: Res Privata versus Res Publica ….……………… 159 3.1. Interpretations by Twentieth and early Twenty-first Century Scholars …...……..… 159 3.2. Groen´s Narrative Re-Positioning Concerning Political Authority: A Novel ix Perspective ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 169 4. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………. 180 CHAPTER 6. THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GROEN’S NARRATIVIZED CHOICE FOR NON- INTERVENTION IN 1856 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 182 1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 182 2. The Historical Background to 1856 ………………………………………………………………….…… 183 3. Groen’s Response to the King’s Reactionary Agenda ….…………………………………….…. 185 4. The Aftermath of Groen and Baud’s Responses: A New Cabinet and the School Struggle ….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 198 5. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 204 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 205 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 213 APPENDIX. TRANSLATED TITLES OF SOURCES AND THEIR ORIGINAL LANGUAGE TITLES ………. 224 ACADEMIC SUMMARIES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 226 English ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 226 Nederlands ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 232 ABOUT THE AUTHOR …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 238 x PREFACE I initially became familiar with the name Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (or simply: Groen) in 2008, during my first year as an undergraduate student at the University of the Free State in South Africa. Perhaps surprisingly, this was rather coincidental, as it wasn’t through my studies that I became acquainted with this historical figure, but during a break. I visited my parents on the farm, and my father was reading a book (neither of us can today recall which work it was) in which a passage from Groen’s Unbelief and Revolution was quoted. My father was quite intrigued by the quote, so much so that he thought it necessary to call me and read it to me out loud. I recall that it made a similar impression on me at the time. Today I still can’t recall exactly which section it was from Unbelief and Revolution (alas), but it nevertheless incited me to read the English translation of Groen’s magnum opus for the
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