Analyse Der Natürlichen Gegebenheiten Im Gebiet Der Karawanken

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Analyse Der Natürlichen Gegebenheiten Im Gebiet Der Karawanken Analyse der natürlichen Gegebenheiten im Gebiet der Karawanken Studie zur Valorisierung natürlicher Besonderheiten und der Potentiale im Karawankengebiet März 2012 0 Analyse der natürlichen Gegebenheiten im Gebiet der Karawanken Studie zur Valorisierung natürlicher Besonderheiten und der Potentiale im Karawankengebiet Autoren: doc. Dr. Peter Skoberne, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani a.o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michael Getzner Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Universität Klagenfurt Dr. Hanns Kirchmeir E.C.O. Institut für Ökologie, Klagenfurt Koordinator des Arbeitspakets: Dr. Thomas A. Nagel Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Zitierbericht: Skoberne, P., M. Getzner, H. Kirchmeir, 2012: Analiza naravnih značilnosti na območju Karavank. Analyse der natürlichen Gegebenheiten im Gebiet der Karawanken. INTERREG IV A Slovenija-Avstrija, projekt Karavanke@prihodnost – Gospodarjenje z naravo v evropski regiji prihodnosti, Naturbasierte Wirtschaft in der europäischen Zukunftsregion Karawanken, Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Ljubljana. März 2012 2 Inhalt 1. Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................... 4 2. Einführung und Inhaltsbestimmung ......................................................................... 5 3. Behandeltes Gebiet ................................................................................................. 5 4. Methoden ............................................................................................................... 9 4.1. Bewertungsmethode der natürlichen Sehenswürdigkeiten bezüglich ihrer Eignung für touristische Zwecke ........................................................................................................ 9 5. Vergleich der Behandlung von natürlichen Potenzialen auf beiden Seiten der Karawanken .......................................................................................................... 12 5.1. Rahmenübersicht des Naturschutzsystems in der Republik Slowenien ............................ 12 5.2. Übersicht über das Naturschutzsystem in Kärnten ......................................................... 14 6. Naturpotenziale .................................................................................................... 15 6.1. Geologie ....................................................................................................................... 15 6.2. Ökosysteme .................................................................................................................. 17 6.3. Landschaft .................................................................................................................... 22 6.4. Natürliche Besonderheiten ............................................................................................ 23 6.4.1. Zu touristischen Zwecken geeignete Naturbesonderheiten ......................................................... 28 6.5. Naturschutzgebiete ....................................................................................................... 31 6.5.1. Naturschutzgebiete im Bundesland Kärnten ................................................................................ 32 6.5.2. Naturschutzgebiete in der Republik Slowenien ............................................................................ 33 6.6. Natura 2000 Gebiete ..................................................................................................... 34 6.6.1. Natura 2000 Gebiete in Slowenien (im Projektgebiet) ................................................................. 35 6.6.2. Natura 2000 Gebiete in Kärnten (Projektgebiet) .......................................................................... 44 6.7. Pflanzen und Tierarten .................................................................................................. 45 6.7.1. Besondere Pflanzenarten .............................................................................................................. 49 6.7.2. Auffallende Tierarten .................................................................................................................... 55 6.7.3. Fossilien und Minerale .................................................................................................................. 58 6.8. Andere Naturpotenziale ................................................................................................ 59 6.8.1. Unterstützung dem gesunden Leben ............................................................................................ 59 6.8.2. Aussichtspunkte ............................................................................................................................ 61 6.8.3. Freizeitaktivitäten und Tourismus ................................................................................................. 62 6.9. Kulturelles Erbe ............................................................................................................ 63 6.10. Initiativen im Karawankengebiet................................................................................ 64 7. Zum Abschluss ....................................................................................................... 67 8. Quellen und Literaturangaben ............................................................................... 70 8.1. Datenquellen: ............................................................................................................... 70 8.2. Auswahl von Internetverbindungen (außer den Partnerorganisationen): ........................ 70 8.3. Zitierte Literatur ........................................................................................................... 71 8.4. Übersicht der Literaturquellen (Auswahl) ...................................................................... 73 9. Bilderverzeichnis ................................................................................................... 79 10. Anhang .................................................................................................................. 81 10.1. Naturwerte (Karawanken SI) mit Wertungsnote für touristische Zwecke ..................... 81 11. Partner ................................................................................................................. 100 3 1. Zusammenfassung Das Arbeitspaket dient als Vorbereitung einer Übersicht von natürlichen Gegebenheiten im Gebiet der Karawanken, die durch bergbildende Prozesse entlang der periadriatischen Naht, dem Kontaktgebiet der Afrikanischen und der Euro-asiatischen tektonischen Platte entstanden sind. Die Übersicht der natürlichen Potenzialen enthält übersichtliche und allgemeine Beschreibungen der Geologie, der Ökosysteme, der Landschaft, der natürlichen Sehenswürdigkeiten, der Schutzgebiete, Natura 2000 Gebiete, sie definiert auch eine Auswahl an herausragenden, für das Gebiet typischen Pflanzen- und Tierarten sowie bestimmte Fossilien und Minerale. Ziel ist aufgrund von bestehenden zugänglichen Daten eine gemeinsame Übersicht des auf zwei Staaten aufgeteilten Gebiets vorzubereiten. Es hat sich herausgestellt dass die Daten als auch die Naturschutzsysteme in Kärnten und in Slowenien ziemlich verschieden sind, daher war es unmöglich einheitliche Karten zu erstellen, wir haben jedoch sinngemäß in Hinsicht auf verwandte Inhalte bestimmte Darstellungen zusammengefügt. Im gesamten Projekt wurde das Gebiet des kulturellen und geschichtlichen Erbes nicht gesondert bearbeitet, was einerseits ein Nachteil bedeutet, andererseits aber wartet diese Aufgabe auf künftige Bearbeitung. Besonders sind die natürlichen Sehenswürdigkeiten hervorgehoben, die für touristische Nutzung geeignet sind. Sie sind ungeachtet der verschiedenen Zugangsmöglichkeiten beidseitig der Staatsgrenze ausgesucht. In Slowenien sind sie rechtlich als Naturwerte definiert, für den Tourismus wurden sie mit einer besonderen Methode hinsichtlich der Attraktivität, der Eignung zu Naturschutzzwecken und Zugänglichkeit geprüft und bewertet. Es werden auch andere natürliche Potenziale betont, darunter erwiesen sich besondere Ausblickspunkte als Karawanken-spezifisch. Bedeutend sind auch andere erhaltene Naturressourcen (z. B. Holz und Trinkwasser) sowie Bedingungen für wertvolle Landwirtschaft, die aber ohne zusätzliche Hilfe bei der Vermarktung im Vergleich zu herkömmlich angebauten Landwirtschaftsprodukten nicht konkurrenzfähig sein kann. Die politischen Grenzen an der Drau und dem Bergrücken der Karawanken haben eine tiefe Trennungslinie zwischen den beiden Staaten eingeschnitten, deswegen ist es auch nicht sinnvoll, dass gleich die anfänglichen Bestrebungen in eine Vereinheitlichung gerichtet sind, vielmehr gilt es sich miteinander kennen zu lernen, was sich zu gemeinsamen Darstellung und Vorstellung bestimmter Inhalte entwickeln mag, allmählich auch in vergleichbaren Methoden der Zustandsverfolgung münden kann. Wesentlich ist dabei eine Änderung der Vorstellung der Karawanken als einer Trennungslinie in ein Bewusstsein über eine gemeinsame grüne Oase zwischen Villach, Klagenfurt, Völkermarkt, Dravograd, Velenje, Kranj (Ljubljana), Jesenice und Kranjska Gora. Das Ergebnis des Pakets sind Datenbanken, die zwar aufgrund der verschiedenen Zugangsweisen nicht verbunden sind, aber dennoch eine Basis für künftige Arbeit darstellen. Es sind auch einige bestehende Initiativen vorgestellt, die die Idee einer ganzheitlichen Behandlung der Karawanken unterstützen könnten (z.B. Geopark Karawanken, Pilotregionen der Alpinen Konvention, The Green
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