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Data Source the AS responsible for routing trac to it, i.e., to the As in previous years, our IPv6 graph saw greater IPv4 Top Ranked AS IPv6 Top Ranked AS ANALYSIS TEAM . Bradley Huffaker, kc claffy Number of 1000 Number of Number of Number of SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Young Hyun, Matthew Luckie This visualization represents a macroscopic origin (end-of-path) AS for the IP pre x representing relative growth then IPv4, with 26% more ASes and IP addresses IP links ASes AS links 4000 POSTER DESIGN Justin Cheng snapshot of IPv4 and IPv6 Internet topology the best match for this address in BGP routing tables 17% more AS links. (In IPv4 the growth was 11% Level 3 (3356) IPv4 27,954,132 23,494,835 34,082 109,354 Cogent/PSI (174) samples captured in 2013. The plot illustrates both collected from Route Views. more ASes and 6% links). These growth numbers 800 Hurricane Electric (6939) IPv6 36,055 91,420 2,419 8,881 the extensive geographical scope as well as rich The position of each AS node is plotted in polar hide a great deal of churn. Figure 13 shows that for Level 3 (3549) 3000 TeliaNet Global (1299) interconnectivity of nodes participating in the coordinates (radius, angle) calculated as indicated the ~2K IPv6 ASes with degrees less then 4, about AT&T Services (7018) 600 ARK HOSTS AARNet, AFRINIC, AMS-IX, APAN, ARIN, ASTI, Acreo, CAIDA, CENIC, CNNIC, CNRST, Canarie, Colorado State University, DCS1 Pte Ltd, global Internet routing system. in Figure 1. the same number of ASes increased as those that Tinet SpA (3257) NTT America (2914) DePaul University, Evolva Telecom, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), FunkFeuer, degree For the IPv4 map, CAIDA collected data from 58 decreased their degree. The half of ASes degree TW telecom (4323) transit.degree(AS)+1 2000 ReTN.net Autonomous (9002) HEANet, Hurricane Electric, Indonesian IPv6 Task Force, International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), Internet Systems Consortium, Iowa State monitors in 29 countries on 6 continents. represented by the whiskers outside the boxes 400 radius = 1 - log ( maximum.transit.degree + 1 ) MCI Communications (701) University, Jaguar Network, KREONet2, Kantonsschule Zug, Level 3 Communications, Men and Mice, NCAR, NIC Chile, NIC Mexico, NORDUnet, increased or decreased their degree by over 30% WV FIBER (19151) Coordinated by our active measurement longitude of the AS’s angle = Next Layer (1764) NTT, Northeastern University, Ottawa Internet Exchange, Public University of Navarra, Purdue University, QCell, RIPE NCC, RNP, Rede ANSP / infrastructure, Archipelago (Ark), the monitors ( BGP pre xes in netacq ) between 2012 and 2013. Over the last year our IPv6 1000 Cable Wirless (1273) 200 Init7 Global (13030) Projeto NARA, Registro.br, SURFnet, Simula Research Laboratory, Southern Methodist University, TKK, TWAREN, Tinet, TorIX, UCAD, US Army probed paths toward 214 million /24 networks that Figure 1. Coordinates of AS in AS core. graph lost 295 (15%) ASes and almost 3K (38%) cover 93.5% of the routable pre xes seen in the Changes in the graph since 2012 links, but gained 790 (41%) new ASes and over 4K Research Lab, Universitat Leipzig, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, University of Cambridge, University of Hawaii, University of Limerick, Figure 2: Between 2012 and Route Views Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing (55%) new links. Our IPv4 graph was more stable, it 0 0 University of Melbourne, University of Napoli, University of Nevada at Reno, University of Oregon, University of Waikato, University of 2012.01.01 -> 2013.01.01 2013, a similar number of IPv4 2012.01 2013.01 2012.01 2013.01 100 ASes had degree increase and lost ~2K (7%) ASes and ~38K (37%) links, but gained Washington, University of Zurich tables on 2 January 2013. For the IPv6 map, CAIDA decreases. The drops were Figure 4: The top 10 ASes by transit degree. collected data from 26 IPv6-connected Ark 50 usually larger than the jumps, ~5K (18%) new ASes and ~43K (42%) new links. The except for ASes with moderate Figure 4 plots the top 10 ASes by transit degree in either Although the set of ASes with the largest transit degrees COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION FOR INTERNET DATA ANALYSIS 0 degrees (between 35 and 150) net change in number of ASes was 495 (+26%) in monitors located in 18 countries on 4 continents. which had larger jumps than San Diego Supercomputer Center . University of California, San Diego Copyright (c) 2013 UC Regents -50 drops. Among the 25 most our IPv6 graph and ~3K (+11%) in our IPv4 graph. 2012 or 2013, which includes a set of 11 ASes in IPv6 and 12 in both IPv6 and IPv4 are increasingly converging, major This subset of monitors probed paths toward 2 highly connected ASes, 9500 Gilman Drive, mc0505 . La Jolla, CA 92093-0505 . 858-534-5000 All rights reserved. -100 Terremark (AS 23148) and VW percentage change in degree ASes in IPv4. Half of these 12 most highly connected ASes in dierences remain. Hurricane Electric (AS 6939), the AS with http://www.caida.org/research/topology/as_core_network/ million IPv6 addresses, which represent 82.2% of 1 10 100 1000 Fiber (AS 19151) dropped their In both our IPv4 and IPv6 graphs, small and large the globally routed IPv6 pre xes seen in Route IPv4 2012.01.01 transit degree inferred across IX address space degree by over 92%. (degree less than 5 or greater than 100) ASes split IPv4 increased and half decreased their transit degree from the largest transit degree in IPv6, has a degree 192% larger 2012.01.01 -> 2013.01.01 2012, with a range from +234% for Hurricane Electric (AS than Level 3 (AS 3356), the second largest IPv6 AS by degree. Views BGP tables on 2 January 2013. Figure 3: Between 2012 and evenly between those that increased and decreased 150 digital We aggregated this IP-level data to construct 2013, for the 1,924 IPv6 ASes their degrees from 2012 to 2013. Drops in the IPv4 6939) to -92% for WV Fiber (AS 19151). Ten of the 11 top IPv6 But despite Hurricane's huge increase in IPv4 transit degree 100 with degrees less then 4, the envoy IPv4 and IPv6 Internet connectivity graphs at the 50 same number of ASes had graph tended to be larger than increases; and ASes increased their degree since 2012. One AS, Init7's (AS between 2012 and 2013, Level 3 (AS 3356) still has a transit Autonomous System (AS) level. Each AS 0 degree increases as decreases. increases in the IPv6 graph tended to be larger than 13030), had their transit degree drop from 207 to 91 (56%), degree 159% larger than Hurricane Electric's (AS 6939), and For larger-degree ASes, a slight Archipelago approximately corresponds to an Internet Service -50 majority increased their transit drops. This reects the faster growth of the IPv6 but Hurricane Electric (AS 3356) and NTT (AS 2914) grew only 4% larger than Cogent (AS 174), the second largest AS -100 www.caida.org percentage change in degree degree since 2012. 1 10 100 Provider (ISP). We map each observed IP address to IPv6 2012.01.01 transit degree inferred across IX address space topology, especially for larger transit ASes. their transit degree over 30% to 965 and 310 respectively. by transit degree in IPv4.