DOCSLIB.ORG

From India to China 6Th Century BC

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From India to China 6Th Century BC www.icec-council.org Vol 1, Issue 4, March-April 2011 Importance of Truth EDITOR-IN-CHIEF It was the winter of 1986. The hills of Darjeeling were on fire. A little- Mohammed Saqib known former school teacher’s rant had turned into a revolution. Subash Ghising had been for long talking about a homeland for those he called the EDITOR Gorkhas – different from Nepalis – the original inhabitants of the land, Prashun Bhaumik and hence his demand for a Gorkhaland. For years nobody paid him much EDITORIAL BOARD attention but suddenly he seemed to have caught the collective imagination. Abid Hussain And soon the beautiful hills of Darjeeling wore a different look. Deserted! Mani Shankar Aiyar No tourists flocking the Mall which at times made it look like an extension P.S. Deodhar of Calcutta. I was quite happy to have Darjeeling all to myself – having Dilip Cherian Amir Ullah Khan paradropped there as a cub reporter with little experience much to the envy of Parama Sinha Palit my senior colleagues at The Telegraph. Chen Si (China) The lack of tourists was amply made up by thousands of para-military men who joined forces with the local police to nip the agitation. The Rabindra EDITORIAL TEAM Anchit Goel Bhavan opposite the Raj Bhavan no longer had space for cultural evenings; Irfan Alam it had turned into a garrisson – the top cop from Calcutta leading the charge Manju Hara having decided to make it his HQ and the control room for the operations in Harshie Wahie the hills. The violence escalated over the next two years and would claim more Sumelika Bhattacharyya than a thousand lives. DESIGN As I took my tentative bus ride up the hills on that cold Jauary evening, I Manoj Raikwar was not sure of what was in store for me. A scruffy old Nepali sitting next to me struck up a conversation just as we were turning into Ghoom, the highest PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY point before the road dips and curls into the main bazaar of Darjeeling and India China Economic and onto the bus stand. Before he got off at the Darjeeling Taxi Union office, he Cultural Council K-19 (GF), South Extension-II casually asked me if I would like to meet Ghising. Trying not to jump off my New Delhi- 110049 seat I managed a yes. His cryptic reply, “meet me here in two hours.” That evening I met the GNLF leader at transporter Lakpa Dong’s home. ADDRESS FOR ALL CORRESPONDENCE The next day The Telegraph ran with the front page super lead of Ghising’s India China Economic and interview calling for an armed struggle. Over the next months I was busy Cultural Council K-19 (GF), South Extension-II trudging the hills up and down on foot to cover every incident that I heard New Delhi- 110049 of, while my senior counterparts from other newspapers and wire agencies Telefax: 011-46550348 faithfully reported what the police control room doled out (on phone). Least to say the administration was not happy with me. PRINTED AT Print Vision Private Limited One morning when I walked into Rabindra Bhavan as part of my usual Print Vision House, Lane opp. Central rounds, District Magistrate Patra welcomed me as he sat sipping tea next to Bank of India, Ambawadi Market, a fire on the sprawling gardens of the now police control room. The welcome Ahmedabad- 380006 soon turned to threat – it came straight like an arrow – tell us all you know Tel: 079-26405200/26403320 about Ghising and his organization (structure, leadership etc) or we (the state) E-mail: [email protected] don’t talk to you anymore. As Patra put it quite simply, “We have seen so many All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in journalists come and go. You’re only a kid.” I left Rabindra Bhavan that day whole or in part without written never to return. Soon I was labelled a GNLF sympathiser. permission is prohibited. Surely the irony was not lost when a few months later Ghising ordered that I leave the hills. His displeasure – over breakfast at his modest home in All advertising enquiries, comments Jalapahar he scoffed at all those “Nepalis who still hang pictures of their king and feedback are welcome at [email protected] at home” and said “those who had come to Darjeeling post 1964 should be sent home.” What a bombshell! This self-proclaimed leader had unwittingly The information contained in this targeted his main constituency. I duly filed the story. Ghising duly denied it. magazine has been reviewed for It was conveyed to me that I was not wanted in the hills any longer. Soon I felt accuracy and is deemed reliable but is not necessarily complete or the heat, when covering a funeral procession I was suddenly surrounded by guaranteed by the Editor. The views young boys with khukris drawn. But another group came to my rescue. expressed in this digest are solely that It was an important lesson I learnt early on in my journalistic career – that of the writers and do not necessarily journalism is not only about being balanced. It is about the truth. reflect the views of the magazine. CONTENTS 4 Feedback 28 VOICES The media seems to be at war where BUSINESS India and China are concerned. Facts 6 One size do not seem to matter as some Indian media organisations believe that is doesn’t fit all the best way to grab a larger market They have to play with rules set by share. Similar responses are emerging others yet there is hope that the two from the Chinese side as well. The rising nations are likely to play to threat to a stable India-China reinforce each other. relationship seems coming not from the governments, but from sections LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT within the media. We spoke to a cross- section of media representatives to get 10 Grass with no roots their versions. Neither in China will harmony prevail, nor in India inclusive growth survey occur unless we have in both countries a much higher measure of people’s 34 Doomsday involvement in the building of their own lives. Conspirators culture PHoto features Co-operation rather than conflict should have been the leitmotif of their 44 The Zen of Buddhism 58 Chinese Spring rise as global economic powers, but A religion that had its roots in India both China and India have failed to but blossomed in faraway China. Festival 2011 & The dispel the mutual suspicion that Conference blights bilateral ties. And the media must shoulder a lot of the blame. culture 50 Cultural park 60 Exhibitions & for all religions Trade Show It was the 11th century Tibetan poet In India & In China who once said: “There is no place more powerful for practice, more blessed, or more marvelous than this (Mount Kailash). May all pilgrims and practitioners be welcome.” COVER STORY How true! culture 53 The groundswell HOSTILE of goodwill Besides Buddhism, two towering figures have epitomized and intervieW carried forward India-China FILM revieW friendship and amity to great heights. MEDIA 24 Media must not economics conference 62 Farewell My Sustained effort by the two governments is the lose its soul 40 Reshaping the TIANCHI LAKE Prof Tan Chung is at present an Concubine only long term solution to improved media ties. Academic Associate at the University world economy 56 Excuse me while of Chicago and Emeritus Member China and India can complement beyonD THE great WALL of the Institute of Chinese Studies in each other by building good synergy I kiss the sky At this heavenly lake, white c New Delhi. Manju Hara caught up between hardware and software—or 64 A Morning Brush 20 louds drift while the mountains with the professor to understand his in other words between the world’s reach the blue sky. with India views on the prickly media issue. factory and the world’s office. |2| India-China Chronicle . March-April 2011 March-April 2011 . India-China Chronicle |3| F E E D B A C K how to make an effective policy without compromising its development needs. –Raju Patil, Vice President, Aplab Industries, New Delhi Culture Bridge First of all, let me congratulate you on this excellent issue of India-China Chronicle. I have read all the three issues of this magazine and I must say that this issue was the best. It was fascinating to read the story about the Chinese girl Uma Li, who travelled all the way from China just to learn the Odissi dance. This shows that culture very interesting and provided a good can play a big role in bringing India and analysis of perceptions among Indians China closer. We should have more and Chinese on various aspects of such cultural exchanges, which will India-China relations. There are a lot surely help to bridge the gap between of articles on diplomatic and cultural the two countries. And I am happy that ties between the two countries but not your magazine is contributing towaerds much on the business and economic that goal. aspects. As an industrialist interested Dispelling Stereotypes – Tahera Daud, in doing business with China, I would I read the India-China Chronicle for Delhi University like to read a regular column on how the first time and was very impressed business is done in China and how to by its look and content. In fact it was More on Business overcome the various challenges faced the attractive cover that caught my I happened to come across your by Indian businessmen while doing attention and then of course its unique magazine by chance at a friend’s business with China.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Case for 1950S China-India History
    Before 1962: The Case for 1950s China-India History The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Ghosh, Arunabh. 2017. Before 1962: The Case for 1950s China-India History. The Journal of Asian Studies 76, no. 3: 697-727. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41288160 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP DRAFT: DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE Before 1962: The Case for 1950s China-India History Arunabh Ghosh ABSTRACT China-India history of the 1950s remains mired in concerns related to border demarcations and a teleological focus on the causes, course, and consequence of the war of 1962. The result is an overt emphasis on diplomatic and international history of a rather narrow form. In critiquing this narrowness, this paper offers an alternate chronology accompanied by two substantive case studies. Taken together, they demonstrate that an approach that takes seriously cultural, scientific and economic life leads to different sources and different historical arguments from an approach focused on political (and especially high political) life. Such a shift in emphasis, away from conflict, and onto moments of contact, comparison, cooperation, and competition, can contribute fresh perspectives not just on the histories of China and India, but also on histories of the Global South. Arunabh Ghosh ([email protected]) is Assistant Professor of Modern Chinese History in the Department of History at Harvard University Vikram Seth first learned about the death of “Lita” in the Chinese city of Turfan on a sultry July day in 1981.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Minister Wang Yi: Chinese Economy Will Be Set Onto a Track of Sustainable Development 13 4
    VOL. XXV No. 8 August 2013 Rs. 10.00 Young ladies of the Bai ethnic group performed their traditional dancing during the opening ceremony of the 5th Dali International Photography Exhibition in Dali, southwest China’s Yunnan Province on Aug. 1, 2013. The five-day exhibition, displayed more than 6,000 photography works through over 200 themed exhibitions. Chinese Ambassador to India Wei Wei proposed a toast Crew members prepared for the onboard reception of the during an onboard reception of the “Peace Ark” hospital “Peace Ark” hospital ship at Mumbai Port in India on ship at Mumbai Port in India on Aug. 7, 2013. Aug. 7, 2013. Crew members of the “Peace Ark” hospital ship visited On the evening of 25 July 2013, Major General Mr. Cai Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis’ younger sister Manorama at Ping, Military Attaché of the Chinese Embassy in India Mumbai on Aug. 9, 2013. held a reception to celebrate the 86th anniversary of Chinese People’s Liberation Army at ITC Maurya Hotel, New Delhi. Chinese Ambassador Mr. Wei Wei and Director General of Military Intelligence Lieutenant General Mr. Singh were present. Members of Indian Daksha Sheth Dance Company Members of Indian Daksha Sheth Dance Company performed in Jinan, east China’s Shandong Province on performed in Jinan, east China’s Shandong Province on Aug. 16, 2013. Aug. 16, 2013. CONTENTS I. CHINA-INDIA RELATIONS 1. Chinese Navy Hospital Ship Visits Mumbai 4 2. India Welcomes Chinese Navy Hospital Ship “Peace Ark” 5 3. The Third Meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on China-India Border 6 Affairs Held in New Delhi 4.
    [Show full text]
  • India - China Relations
    India - China Relations India-China Political Relations On 1 April, 1950, India became the first non-socialist bloc country to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China. Prime Minister Nehru visited China in October 1954. While, the India-China border conflict in 1962 was a serious setback to ties, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s landmark visit in 1988 began a phase of improvement in bilateral relations. In 1993, the signing of an Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the India-China Border Areas during Prime Minister Narasimha Rao’s visit reflected the growing stability and substance in bilateral ties. Visits of Heads of States/Heads of Governments Cumulative outcomes of nine key visits in recent times have been transformational for our ties. These were that of Prime Minister Vajpayee [2003], of Premier Wen Jiabao [2005 &2010], of President Hu Jintao [2006], of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh [2008 and 2013], of Premier Li Keqiang [2013], of President Xi Jinping [2014] and of Prime Minister Narendra Modi [2015]. During Prime Minister Vajpayee’s visit, the two sides signed a Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation and also mutually decided to appoint Special Representatives (SRs) to explore the framework of a boundary settlement from the political perspective. During the April 2005 visit of Premier Wen Jiabao, the two sides established a Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity, while the signing of an agreement on Political Parameters and Guiding Principles, signaled the successful conclusion of the first phase of SR Talks.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2016 • Vol 34 No
    Annual Subscription Rs 5.00; 50 paise per copy April 2016 • Vol 34 No. 4 Contents Chinese Delegation at NBT Chinese Delegation at NBT 1-2 Children from Katha Visit NBT 3 Mobile Book Exhibition at Cuttack 3 Book Release at Nellore 4 Renaissance of Civilizations 4 Photo Exhibition 5 Dwarkanath Kotnis in China 6 delegation of Chinese publishers Welcoming the delegates, Dr Rita China-India Book Copyright A visited the National Book Trust, Chowdhury, Director, NBT India, said Cooperation Seminar India on 9 March 2016. The delegation that the visit of the Chinese delegation will 7 was led by Mr Libin Liu, Director of go a long way in furthering the exchange of Sanjiangyuan Water Towers Industry Development Consultation literature between India and China. Both Center, Chinese Academy of Press and the countries have had cultural contacts of Asia 7 Publication. for over one thousand years and are proud During their visit, they had a meeting of their rich and varied literary heritage. In Obituary 8 with a group of Indian publishers with this context, she also mentioned that NBT an objective to understand the Indian has taken up the translation of 25 classical PICK OF THE MONTH publishing system, how they work and contemporary Chinese works into and their future plans. They also had Hindi in the first phase. She also said that an objective of exploring the scope of it is a part of the MOU signed between the business, operations and the strategies of Ministry of External Affairs, Government the publishing industry. of India and the State Administration Mr Libin Liu said that with the increase of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and of the Chinese economic aggregate, Television of the People’s Republic of the high level of Chinese famous book China.
    [Show full text]
  • Delhi Publi Delhi Public School School
    DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL SAIL TOWNSHIP, RANCHI ANNUAL EXAMINATION (2017 -18) Class:- VII I Subject: - English Time- 2½ Hrs. F. M: - 80 Section A (Reading) Q.1 Read the following passage carefully : (10 marks) 1. "Dr Dwarkanath Kotnis is still being remembered and loved in China and we shall never forget him for his services", the Chinese President, Hu Jintao, told the family members of Dr Kotnis when he met them in Mumbai on November 23, 2006. 2. Kotnis was one of the five Indian physicians despatched to China to provide medical assistance during the second Sino Japanese war in 1938. It was during the Japanese invasion of China in 1938 when Communist General, Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru to send Indian physicians for providing medical assistance to Chinese soldiers, A medical team of five doctors, including Drs M. Atal, B.K. Basu. M. Cholkar, D. Mukherji and Kotnis was sent as a part of the Indian Medical Mission Team in 1938, excep t Kotnis, all others return ed safely to India. He remained there to give his services and became an icon in China. 3. He stayed there for four years working in mobile clinics to treat wo unded soldiers. In 1939, he joined the Eight Route Army, led by M ao Zedong at the Jin-Cha-Ji borde r near the Wutai Mountain Area. During his stay, Kotnis provided medical aid to thousands of soldiers and conducted "more than 800 major operations". He was appointed director of the Dr Bethune International peace Hospital . However, the hardships of suppressed military life finally started to take its toll on him.
    [Show full text]
  • Italia E Cina, 60 Anni Tra Passato E Futuro Le Gerle 5
    Mario Filippo Pini Italia e Cina, 60 anni tra passato e futuro Le gerle 5 Mario Filippo Pini Italia e Cina, 60 anni tra passato e futuro In quarta di copertina: affermazione di Walter Gardini (cfr. nel testo p. 118) © 2011 L’Asino d’oro edizioni s.r.l. Via Saturnia 14, 00183 Roma www.lasinodoroedizioni.it email: [email protected] ISBN 978-88-6443-063-8 ISBN ePub 978-88-6443-135-2 ISBN pdf 978-88-6443-136-9 A mia moglie Pi Hwa Indice Prefazione di Federico Masini 11 Introduzione 15 1. Uno sguardo al passato 19 Un aneddoto: i cinesi si ricordano di Lucio Wu 19 1.1 Gli antichi Romani, Marco Polo e Matteo Ricci 20 1.2 Il giovane Regno d’Italia e l’antico Impero cinese 24 1.3 Il Pcd’I e il Pcc 26 1.4 L’Italia fascista e la Cina nazionalista 30 1.4.1 Galeazzo Ciano 31 1.4.2 Francesco Maria Taliani 32 1.5 Gli internazionalisti e i comunisti cinesi 36 1.5.1 George Hatem e Edgar Snow 37 1.5.2 Agnes Smedley e Anna Louise Strong 39 1.5.3 Norman Bethune e Dwarkanath Kotnis 40 1.6 Gli italiani e i comunisti cinesi 41 1.6.1 I giornalisti 41 1.6.2 I missionari 43 1.7 I contatti all’estero tra comunisti italiani e cinesi 45 1.7.1 A Parigi 45 1.7.2 A Mosca 46 1.7.3 A Ivanovo 49 1.8 Un bilancio in prospettiva 52 2.
    [Show full text]
  • @ Pe€Effi Ffi Ffi .Sh Towrs Hffi
    VOL XXXE 1 1 : $$0" B? I S{OVEffiBER : ?*82 1 i=. Australia: A $ 0j2 New Zealand: NZ $ 0 84 LlK,: 39 p t, I{A:${,} 78 ':::i.',: @ pE€effi ffi ffi .sh Towrs Hffi o drusm*Bs m$ eEEm ryemff erytr The Panchen Lama speaks to monks and other believers in Tibet.s Xigaze. Xit.lutt FOU,NDER: SOONG CHING LING (MME. SUN YAT-SEN) (18e3-tesl). PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE CHINA WELFARE INSTITUTE lN ENGLISH, SPANISH, FRENCH, ARABIC, GERMAN, PORTUGUESE AND CHTNESE vot. xxx! No. 11 NOVEMBER 1982 Articles of the /Vlonth CONTENTS Fundomentol Chonges in Tibet p. 20 The Ponchen Lomo, in- terviewed in Xigoze, Notionol Autonomous Areos economic ond ,Tibet tells of Panchen Lama Sees Progress in 20- other improvements he found Tibet. Sports in China's Chances at the 9th Asian Games 8 Quick, Firm, Flowing, Leaping: China's Martial Arts 11 Sporting Goods for Athletes at Home and Abroad 31 Chino's Chqnces ot the 9th Asion Gomes Fighting Bulls of the Miao and Dong 6 p.8 Friendship in Asio Assessing weoknesses Yorious ln Loving Memory of lndla's Heroic Dr. Kotnis 27 strengths ond in sports, progress since 1978 8th Asion Gomes, Menhanlal Atal lnternationalist Friend the Dr. and of ond the competition from other ports of Asio. China - 29 Chinese Dance and Music at Asian Arts Festival OJ .!uvenile Delinquency Economy p. 40 Builders of Gezhouba, China's Biggest Power Site. 49 o Wuhan's Mills Mastering Advanced A ipeciol report on Steel Rolling problem, Foreign Technology - serious sociol 33 its couses, ond com- Finding the Way to Use Southern Grasslands 17 prehensive ottemPts to Fishermen Net the Good Life 52 deoi with it.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Sino-Japanese War from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Second Sino-Japanese War From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937 – September 9, 1945), so Second Sino-Japanese War named due to the First Sino- Part of the Pacific Theater of World War Japanese War of 1894–95, was a II[b] military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from 1937 to 1941. China fought Japan, with some economic help from Germany (see Sino-German cooperation until 1941), the Soviet Union and the United States. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war would merge into The bodies of victims massacred in the the greater conflict of World War II Rape of Nanking on the shore of the as a major front of what is broadly Qinhuai River, with a Japanese soldier known as the Pacific War. The standing nearby. Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th Date July 7, 1937 – September 9, century.[10] It also made up more 1945 than 90% of the casualties in the Minor fighting since September Pacific War. (see World War II 18, 1931 casualties) (8 years, 2 months and 2 days) The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist Location Mainland China and Burma policy aimed at expanding its Result influence politically and militarily Chinese victory as part in order to secure access to raw of the Allied victory in material reserves and other the Pacific War economic resources in the area, Surrender of all particularly food and labour, and Japanese forces in engage war with others in the mainland China policy context of aggressive (excluding Manchuria), modernized militarism in the Asia- Formosa, the Spratly Pacific, at the height of Imperial Rule Assistance Association's Islands, the Paracel Hideki Tojo cabinet and with the Islands, and French order from Emperor Shōwa.
    [Show full text]
  • Sino-Indian Relations: Contours and Contents
    VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1, OCTOBER 2011 Sino-Indian Relations: Contours and Contents Rup Narayan Das* This article undertakes a historical tour d’horizon of relations between China and India from ancient to contemporary times. It provides a factual narrative of the journey that these two Asian civilisations and nation-states have taken over millennia and focuses on cultural as well as political and economic factors which have helped manage serious problems and crises. The author presents a hopeful picture of present-day ties between the two Asian giants and expresses guarded optimism about the ability of both sides to handle the pressures of growing competition in the future. _____________________________ The Sino-Indian relationship is multi-layered. There are many aspects to it, which in fact reinforce one another. The relationship has cultural and civilisational linkage, political resonance, strategic and security dimensions and robust economic content as well. This article makes and attempts to put this complex and yet dynamic relationship in perspective. In the narrative of Sino-Indian civilisational linkage, cultural and philosophical bonding occupies a very important position. From time immemorial, trade and commercial intercourse between India and China, which are well researched and documented, between land and sea, embraced ideas as well as merchandise. As is well known, there was a regular stream of Buddhist missionaries from India to China, beginning in AD 65 with Kashyapa Matanga, who was followed by such scholars as Kumarajiva, Dharma Kshama, and Paramartha. Chinese scholars too gravitated towards India and left behind their indelible imprint on it. Of these, the best known are Fa Hien and Hiun-Tsang, whose records of travels form an important source material of India’s social and political history.
    [Show full text]
  • Postage Stamps
    Postage Stamps:: Postage Stamps,Stamp issue calender 2014, Paper postage, Commemorative and definitive stamps, Service Postage Stamps, Philately Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and counters, Mint stamps (unuse... Home About Buy Stamps Stamps Calendar Stamps Sales Counters Commemorative Stamps Forms News Football in India FIFA world cup-2014 India Post COMMEMORATIVE POSTAGE STAMPS OF INDIA S.No Date of Issue Name of Stamp Denomination Category 1947 Jai Hind Thematic 1 21-11-1947 National Flag 3-1/2 anna 2 15-12-1947 Ashoka Lion Capital 1.5 anna 3 Aircraft 12 anna 1948 1 29-05-1948 Air-India International 12 anna Institution 2 15-08-1948 Mahatma Gandhi 1.5 anna Personality 3 Mahatma Gandhi 3.5 anna 4 Mahatma Gandhi 12 anna 5 Mahatma Gandhi 10 Rs 1949 1 10-10-1949 Universa lPostal Union 9pies Institution 2 Universal Postal Union 2 anna 3 Universal Postal Union 3.5 anna 4 Universal Postal Union 12 anna 1950 http://postagestamps.gov.in/CommemorativePostageStamps.aspx[2/19/2016 9:16:35 AM] Postage Stamps:: Postage Stamps,Stamp issue calender 2014, Paper postage, Commemorative and definitive stamps, Service Postage Stamps, Philately Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and counters, Mint stamps (unuse... 1 26-01-1950 Republic of India Inauguration Jan 26, 1950 Thematic 2 Rejoicing crowds 2anna 3 Quill, Ink well and Verse 3.5 anna 4 Cornand Plough 4 anna 5 Charkhaand Cloth 12 anna 1951 1 13-01-1951 Geological Survey of India 2anna Institution 2 04-03-1951 1st Asian Games 2anna Event 3 1st Asian Games 12anna 1952 01-10-1952 Saints and Poets Thematic 1 Kabir
    [Show full text]
  • Views and Historiography Papers and How to Cite Sources
    WAR HEROES: CONSTRUCTING THE SOLDIER AND THE STATE IN MODERN CHINA, 1924-1945 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Yan Xu, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Professor Christopher A. Reed, Adviser Professor Ying Zhang Professor Patricia Sieber Copyright by Yan Xu 2012 Abstract The frequency of wars in modern China between 1924 and 1945 was accompanied by the phenomenon that the soldier figure played an important ideological role in state rhetoric and social discussions. Different political, social and cultural forces, such as Jiang Jieshi (1887-1975)’s Nationalist government (1927-1949), the Whampoa Military Academy, urban intellectuals, activists, professionals, writers, students, and the Chinese Communists in the revolutionary base of Yan’an constructed the soldier figure to argue for their agendas and assert their political influence. The multiple meanings assigned to the soldier figure by diverse forces as well as the intentions behind the meanings are the main theme uniting this dissertation. This theme serves as a useful window to explore the state-building processes in the GMD and CCP areas and the complex state-society relations that were engendered by these processes in modern China. By examining how different political, social and cultural forces resisted, collaborated with, complicated, questioned and confronted the heroic ideal of the soldier promoted by Jiang and the Nationalist government, this dissertation demonstrates that the cultural negotiations over how to create and support a strong army were central to the state-building processes in modern China, and a significant factor in determining different trajectories in state-society relations in the regions controlled by the GMD and the CCP.
    [Show full text]
  • India-China Bilateral Relations
    INDIA-CHINA BILATERAL RELATIONS Political Relations The People's Republic of China (PRC) was established on October 1, 1949, and India was the first non-communist country to establish an Embassy in PRC. On April 1, 1950, India and China established diplomatic relations. The two countries also jointly expounded the Panchsheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence) in 1954. Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai visited India in June 1954 and Prime Minister Nehru visited China in October 1954. Premier Zhou Enlai again visited India in January 1957 and in April 1960. The India-China conflict in 1962 led to a serious setback in bilateral relations. India and China restored ambassadorial relations in August 1976. Higher political level contacts were revived by the visit of the then External Affairs Minister, A.B. Vajpayee in February 1979. The Chinese Foreign Minister Huang Hua paid a return visit to India in June, 1981. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited China in December 1988. During this visit, both sides agreed to develop and expand bilateral relations in all fields. It was also agreed to establish a Joint Working Group (JWG) - to seek fair, reasonable and mutually acceptable solution on the boundary question - and a Joint Economic Group (JEG). From the Chinese side, Premier Li Peng visited India in December 1991. Prime Minister Narasimha Rao visited China in September 1993. The Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the India - China Border Area was signed during this visit, providing for both sides to respect the status quo on the border, clarify the LAC where there are doubts and undertake CBMs.
    [Show full text]