Factsheet of the Status Quo in (D2.1)

Status-Quo of energy demand for heating and cooling in the building and industry sectors, energy supply and heating networks including local energy maps

Prepared by: Richard Büchele (TU Wien - Energy Economics Group)

Reviewed by: Marcus Hummel (TU Wien - Energy Economics Group)

Date: 08/11/2016

D2.1 - 08-11-2016 The progRESsHEAT project

The project progRESsHEAT aims at assisting policy makers at the local, regional, national and EU-level in developing integrated, effective and efficient policy strategies achieving a fast and strong penetration of renewable and efficient heating and cooling systems. Together with 6 local authorities in 6 target countries across Europe (AT, DE, CZ, DK, PT, RO) heating and cooling strategies will be developed through a profound analysis of (1) heating and cooling demands and future developments, (2) long-term potentials of renewable energies and waste heat in the regions, (3) barriers & drivers and (4) a model based assessment of policy intervention in scenarios up to 2050. progRESsHEAT will assist national policy makers in implementing the right policies with a model-based quantitative impact assessment of local, regional and national policies up to 2050.

Policy makers and other stakeholders will be strongly involved in the process, learn from the experience in other regions and gain deep understanding of the impact of policy instruments and their specific design. They are involved in the project via policy group meetings, workshops, interviews and webinars targeted to the fields of assistance in policy development, capacity building and dissemination.

Acknowledgement

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 646573 .

Funded by the Horizon2020 Programme of the European Union

Legal Notice

The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the INEA nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. The quotation of those designations in whatever way does not imply the conclusion that the use of those designations is legal without the consent of the owner of the trademark.

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Year of implementation: March 2015 – October 2017 Client: INEA Web: http://www.progressheat.eu

Project consortium:

Energy Economics Group, Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives, Vienna University of Technology

Fraunhofer Society for the advancement of applied research

Technical University Denmark

Institute for Resource Efficiency and Energy Strategies

Energy Cities

OÖ Energiesparverband

EE Energy Engineers GmbH

Gate 21

City of Litomerice

Instituto de Engenharua Mecanica e Gestao Industrial

Agentia Pentru Management ul Energiei si Protectia Mediului Brasov

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 Contents 1. Background ...... 5

1.1 CO2 emissions...... 5 2. Heating and cooling demand ...... 5 2.1 Buildings ...... 5 2.2 Industry ...... 7 3. Heating and cooling supply ...... 8 3.1 District heating ...... 9 3.2 Individual heating ...... 10 3.3 Comparison with national conditions ...... 10 4. Heat resource potentials ...... 10 4.1 Biomass ...... 10 4.2 Solar energy ...... 11 4.3 Industry ...... 11 4.4 Geothermal and heat pumps ...... 12 4.5 District cooling ...... 12 Bibliography ...... 13

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 1. Background This fact sheet forms part of the deliverable 2.1 in the progRESsHEAT project. The fact sheet presents data, which has been collected regarding the local case municipality, Ansfelden, up to May 2016.

The municipality of Ansfelden is located in the central part of the region of Upper , on the southern outskirts of the region's capital . It constitutes of 14 districts with 15 822 inhabitants (Jan. 2015) spread over an area of 31,33 km² - resulting in a population density of 505 inhabitants/km². In comparison, the region of has a population of 1,4 Mio. spread over almost 12 000 km² - resulting in a population density of 120 inhabitants/km². Ansfelden lies at an elevation of 289 m above sea level and the rivers and flow through and by the municipality.1

1.1 CO2 emissions

In 2014 the total emissions in the municipality of Ansfelden accounted for around 250 kt of CO2 (15,8 t/cap). More than half of the emissions came from the energy intensive industry located in Ansfelden. Transport was the second largest source of emissions followed by the residential and the tertiary sector. Figure 1 shows the shares of the emissions produced in the different sectors in Ansfelden.

39 2 63 15% 1% 25% Residential sector 17 7% Public buildings Tertiary sector Industry Transport 130 52%

Fig. 1: CO2-emissions of different sectors in Ansfelden [kt]

2. Heating and cooling demand 2.1 Buildings According to the current building census for Ansfelden there are around 3 500 buildings in the municipality of Ansfelden, including 190 non-residential buildings and 190 industrial buildings and warehouses. Table 1 gives an overview on the number of buildings and the respective areas. The heating and cooling demand was calculated within the comprehensive assessment for Austria2. The residential sector utilises 66 % of the total heat demand. For the cooling demand, only the total cooling demand in the region is known.

1 Homepage of the city of Ansfelden: http://www.ansfelden.at/stadt/ueber-ansfelden/

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 Tab. 1: Building stock and related heat demand in Ansfelden (Source: Building Census for Ansfelden and own calculations for heating and cooling demand performed under the comprehensive assessment2)

YEAR 2012 Number of Area total total heat Total cooling buildings [-] [m²] demand demand [MWh] [MWh] buildings total 3 546 1 209 974 158 717 4 736 single family houses 1 910 240 243 40 533 double family houses 987 185 391 27 655 small multi-family house 258 200 702 13 309 big multi-family house 9 29 402 22 546 Offices 56 52 735 7 454 WholesaleRetail 80 98 706 11 203 Hotels / Restaurants 30 22 101 6 553 Health / Education 23 75 657 3 061 other 193 305 036 26 403

Figure 2 shows a map of Ansfelden with heat densities developed within the Comprehensive Assessment of the Potentials for Efficient District Heating and High-Efficient CHP for Austria2 [1]. It is copied from the Austrian heatmap, which was developed within this project and is publicly available.3

It can be seen, that the heat densities are lower than 20 GWh/km2 for most of Ansfelden.

2 Bewertung des Potenzials für den Einsatz der hocheffizienten KWK und effizienter Fernwärme- und Fernkälteversorgung“. Endbericht, 2015. Wien: TU Wien EEG, Ecofys 3 Austrian-heatmap.gv.at

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Fig. 2: Heat density map for Ansfelden (the continuous line indicates the border of the municipality) Source: Comprehensive assessment of the potential for efficient district heating and high-efficient CHP, www.austrian-heatmap.gv.at

2.2 Industry Within the municipality of Ansfelden a paper industry plant is located. The plant takes part in the emission trading system with a heat demand estimated to be between 1 000 and 2 000 GWh/a. In the neighbouring municipality of Traun there is a bricks production industry with a heat demand estimated to be between 70 and 100 GWh/a. Figure 3 shows the industrial sites in and near Ansfelden with their respective estimated heat demands.

Furthermore, the commercial sector is quite developed in Ansfelden. Several shopping centres and large stores are located along the highway, which passes through the municipality.

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Fig. 3: Industrial sites near Ansfelden Source: Comprehensive assessment of the potential for efficient district heating and high-efficient CHP, www.austrian-heatmap.gv.at

3. Heating and cooling supply According to the district heating supply utility, 148 buildings are connected to the district heating system. Other heating options in the region include individual gas, oil and biomass boilers, electrical heating (also heat pumps) and solar thermal. District cooling or any other centralized cooling system is not applied so far and instead cooling demands are covered by individual air conditioning units.

Figure 4 below shows the share of the different heating options in Ansfelden. The largest share of buildings is heated by individual natural gas boilers (59 %) followed by individual oil boilers (17 %) and individual biomass boilers (7 %). Only 4,3 % of the buildings are connected to the biomass- fuelled district heating network.

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 Electric Other District heating 4% heating 3% 4% Individual oil Heat pump boiler 6% 17% Individual biomass boiler 7%

Individual gas boiler 59%

Fig. 4: Share of buidlings with different heating options in Ansfelden Source: Municipality of Ansfelden 3.1 District heating In Ansfelden, district heat is delivered by a wood chip fuelled biomass heating plant. The plant has two biomass boilers and a total installed thermal capacity of 14 MW. Around 22 000 MWh (80 TJ) of heat are generated each year from approx.11 000 t of wood chips. A natural gas boiler serves as back-up system. Figure 5 shows a map of Ansfelden. The district heating network only covers the densest part of the municipality in the district of Haid.

Fig. 5: Map of Ansfelden and its District Heating network Source: Linz AG and Municipality of Ansfelden

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 3.2 Individual heating There are several individual heating options in Ansfelden. Table 2 shows the heat demand covered by the different individual heating options with individual gas boilers providing 62 %.

Tab. 2: Heat demand for individual heating in Ansfelden

Fuel type Heat demand [GWh] Percentage Individual oil boiler 24,3 18 % Individual gas boiler 84,4 62 % Individual biomass boiler 10,0 7 % Heat pump 8,6 6 % Electric heating 4,3 3 % Other 5,1 4 %

3.3 Comparison with national conditions Table 3 shows the Austrian final energy demand for heating and domestic hot water for 2014 split up into the different energy carriers.

Tab. 3: Austrian energy demand for space heating and domestic hot water

Energy carrrier Energy demand [GWh] Percentage Gas 28 563 28,9 % Oil 23 430 23,7 % Coal 962 1,0 % Biomass 20 254 20,5 % Electricity 7 703 7,8 % Heat Pump 494 0,5 % District heat 17 497 17,7 %

4. Heat resource potentials 4.1 Biomass The potential of different types of biomass resources have been calculated within the “RegioEnergy4” Project [2]. Table 3 shows the potential for the different types of biomass for whole Upper Austria. On a more detailed level, the potential of forest biomass for the county of “Linz-Land” (the county to which Ansfelden belongs) was calculated to be 90 GWh. When this potential is split between all municipalities of the county according to their heat demand, a potential of 11 GWh of forest biomass is assigned to Ansfelden.

Tab. 4: Biomass potentials for the region of Upper Austria

Resource type Annual potential Biomass 7 982-11 551 GWh -Straw 1 606-2 969 GWh -Wood 4 430-6 503 GWh -grassland animal husbandry 1 946-2 079 GWh

4 „REGIO-Energy: Regionale Szenarien erneuerbarer Energie-potenziale in den Jahren 2012/2020“. Wien/ St. Pölten, 2010

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 Municipal Solid Waste Not available Other (specify) Not available Source: Project RegioEnergy [2]

4.2 Solar energy Analyses of available roof area suitable for solar applications have been done within the “SolarGrids”5 project [3] and the Comprehensive Assessment of Efficient District Heating and High-Efficient CHP in Austria. The roof areas have been classified into 1) areas on big buildings suitable for feeding into district heating systems and 2) areas on small buildings suitable for individual solar heating systems. To calculate the annual potential, a solar yield of 400 kWh/m²y has been assumed for installations that feed into district heating systems and a yield of 350 kWh/m²y for individual solar heating systems. These values can be reached when the panel size and the respective heat storage are adequately matched. Table 5 shows the compilation of the calculated solar heating potentials.

Tab. 5: Solar heating potentials

Situation Roof area Annual potential Total roofs 178 000 m² 67 GWh -big buildings (suitable for feed in to district heating) 90 000 m² 36 GWh -small buildings (suitable for individual solar heating) 88 000 m² 31 GWh

4.3 Industry For all three industrial sites situated near Ansfelden, a technical potential for excess heat has been estimated within the Comprehensive Assessment for efficient district heating and high- efficient CHP in Austria. Two temperature levels are distinguished: Temperatures of 100°C and above suitable for direct feed into district heating systems and temperatures below 100°C, which can be used, among others, in combination with a heat pump. Table 6 shows the technical excess heat potentials for the different industrial sites.

Tab. 6: Excess heat potentials of industrial sites near Ansfelden

Industrial site Excess heat Excess heat potential potential >100°C <100°C Smurfit Kappa Nettingsdorfer Ansfelden (Pulp and paper) 70-100 GWh/y 400-700 GWh/y Feinpapier Feurstein Trau (Paper production) <20 GWh/y <20 GWh/y Ziegelwerk Obermair Neuhofen (Bricks production) <20 GWh/y -

5 „Solarenergie und Wärmenetze: Optionen und Barrieren in einer langfristigen, integrativen Sichtweise“. Wien: EEG, 2014

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 4.4 Geothermal and heat pumps Although Ansfelden lies near a geothermal active area - as can be seen in the Pan-European Heat Atlas shown in Figure 5 - a closer analysis as done in the “GeoEnergy2050” project [4] resulted in no significant potential for geothermal heat in this area6.

As there are two rivers passing by and through Ansfelden, there may be potential for water-to- water heat pumps. However, no analysis has been done so far on the potential for heat pumps in Ansfelden.

Fig. 5: Potentials for geothermal heat in the Ansfelden region Source: Peta, the Pan-European Atlas, Stratego Project, Heat Roadmap Europe

4.5 District cooling Technical potentials for cooling technologies were calculated within the Comprehensive Assessment for efficient district heating and high-efficient CHP in the following way. First, the total useful energy needed for space cooling in all buildings was calculated on the basis of detailed building data. Then the diffusion of air conditioning devices until 2025 was estimated leading to the energy need for space cooling supplied by air-conditioning devices in 2025. For the technical potential of district cooling, 80 % of large non-residential buildings are classified as suitable for district cooling. This results in an annual cooling demand of 5,8 GWh, whereof 0,6 GWh are demanded in buildings that are suitable for district cooling.

6„Potential der Tiefengeothermie für die Fernwärme und Stromproduktion in Österreich“. GeoEnergy2050 Endbericht. Graz: Joanneum Research, 2014.

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D2.1 - 08-11-2016 Bibliography [1] Büchele Richard, Michael Hartner, Marcus Hummel, Lukas Kranzl, Ricki Hirner, Marian Bons, und Yvonne Deng. „Bewertung des Potenzials für den Einsatz der hocheffizienten KWK und effizienter Fernwärme- und Fernkälteversorgung“. Endbericht. Wien: TU Wien EEG, Ecofys. http://www.bmwfw.gv.at/EnergieUndBergbau/Energieeffizienz/Documents/FW_KWK_Endber icht_Review_an_Ministerium_barriere_last_2003_V3_MH.pdf. [2] Stanzer, Gregori, Stephanie Novak, Josef Breinesberger, Manfred Kirtz, Peter Biermayer, und Christian Spanring. „REGIO Energy Regionale Szenarien erneuerbarer Energie- potenziale in den Jahren 2012/2020“. Wien/ St. Pölten, 2010. http://dioezese- linz.oir.at/files2/pdf/REGIO-Energy_Endbericht_201012.pdf. [3] Müller Andreas, und Lukas Kranzl. „Solarenergie und Wärmenetze: Optionen und Barrieren in einer langfristigen, integrativen Sichtweise“. Wien: EEG, 2014. http://eeg.tuwien.ac.at/eeg.tuwien.ac.at_pages/research/downloads/PR_382_SolarGrids_pu blizierbarer_endbericht_v12.pdf. [4] Könighofer Kurt, Johann Goldbrunner, Josef Füreder. „Potential der Tiefengeothermie für die Fernwärme und Stromproduktion in Österreich“. Endbericht. Graz: Joanneum Research, 2014.

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