ARCH 2315 Architecture of the 18Th, 19Th, & 20Th Centuries 1

ARCH 2315 Architecture of the 18th, 19th, & 20th Centuries 1

Lecture 1

Italian Baroque Textbook pages: 327-348

Buildings and Architects: Sixtus V’s plan for Rome, 1585-90 Il Gesu, Rome, 1568-76, Giacomo Vignola & Giacomo della Porta Sta. Susanna, Rome, 1596-1603, Carlo Maderno S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, 1634, Francesco Borromini St. Peter’s, Rome: Plan (centralized): Michaelangelo, 1546-64 Plan (processional) Extended and new façade: Carlo Maderno, 1606-12 Baldacchino: Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1624-33 Scala Regia: Bernini, 1663-66 Piazza (in two parts): Bernini, 1657 Piazza Retta (first part): trapezoidal part focusing on façade Piazza Obliqua (second part): oval part focusing on obelisk Piazza Navona, 1644, Bernini Piazza Del Popolo, 1662-79, Bernini & Carlo Rainaldi

Concepts and Terms Vitruvian Man (by Da Vinci) The Five Orders: Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian, & Composite Building Types: tholos, basilica, theatrum, porticus, and domus. Building Systems: Trabeation: post-and-beam construction Arcuation: arch construction made of voussoirs and keystone Motifs (in the arts, a recurring thematic element): Triumphal Arch Motif, Temple Front Motif Axis, Axial (directional device, such as an avenue or boulevard) Cross Axis Short Axis (in an oval) Radial (developing uniformly from a central axis, such as the avenues converging on the Piazza del Popolo) Terminus, Terminal (focal point, such as an obelisk) Focal Point Diagonal (directional device) Rustication: rough-surfaced masonry blocks, having beveled or rebated edges and pronounced joints. Concantenation: the building up of parts to the center, as in Sta. Susanna

Concepts and Terms: Historical Periods: Middle Ages http://www.bartleby.com/65/mi/MiddleAg.html Renaissance http://www.bartleby.com/65/re/Renaisnc.html Humanism http://www.bartleby.com/65/hu/humanism.html Reformation http://www.bartleby.com/65/re/Reformat.html Counter-Reformation http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/CounterR.html Economic & Social Classes Monarchy http://www.bartleby.com/65/mo/monarchy.html Aristocracy http://www.bartleby.com/65/ar/aristocr.html Merchant Class http://www.bartleby.com/65/me/MerchantA.html

Characteristics of the Baroque: 1. Sense of movement, energy, tension 2. Chiaroscuro (key-ra-skew-row): strong contrasts of light and shadow, without regard to color 3. Concantenation: the building up of parts to the center