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8. STONEHENGE 12. WHITE TEMPLE & ZIGGURAT, URUK c. 2,500 - c. 3,500 - 1,600 BCE 3,000 BCE monolithic Sumerian sandstone Temple henge present day present day Wiltshire, UK Warka, Iraq SET 1: GLOBAL PREHISTORY 30,000 - 500 BCE SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE 17. GREAT PYRAMIDS OF GIZA 20. TEMPLE OF AMUN-RE & HYPOSTYLE HALL c. 2,550 - c. 1,250 BCE 2,490 BCE cut sandstone cut limestone / and brick Khufu Egyptian Khafre / Sphinx Menkaure temple present day Karnak, near Cairo, Egypt Luxor, Egypt SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE 21. MORTUARY TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT 26. ATHENIAN AGORA c. 1,490 - 600 BCE - 1,460 BCE 150 CE slate eye civic center, makeup ancient Athens palette present day Egyptian Athens, Museum, Cairo Greece SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE 30. AUDIENCE HALL OF DARIUS & XERXES 31. TEMPLE OF MINERVA / SCULPTURE OF APOLLO c. 520 - 465 c. 510 - 500 BCE BCE Limestone Wood, mud Persian brick, tufa Apadana temple / terra SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE cotta sculpture Persepolis, Iran Veii, near Rome SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE 35. ACROPOLIS ATHENS, GREECE 38. GREAT ALTAR OF ZEUS & ATHENA AT PERGAMON c. 447 - 424 c. 175 BCE BCE Hellenistic Iktinos & Greek Kallikrates, marble altar & Marble temple complex sculpture Present day Antiquities Athens, Greece Museum , Berlin SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE 39. HOUSE OF THE VETTII 44. COLOSSEUM c. Second c. 70 - 80 CE Century BCE Early Empire Wealthy Roman Imperial Amphitheater Roman Home Present day Pompeii, Italy Rome, Italy SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE 45. FORUM OF TRAJAN A. FORUM B. COLUMN C. MARKETS c. 110 CE Apollodorus of Damascus Imperial Roman Forum & Marketplace Present day Rome, Italy SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE 46. PANTHEON 49. SANTA SABINA c. 125 CE c. 432 CE Early Christian Middle Empire Basilica Roman Temple Church Present day Present Day Rome, Italy Rome, Italy SET 2: ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN 3,500 - 300 BCE SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE 51. SAN VITALE 52. HAGIA SOPHIA 547 CE 532 - 537 CE Early Christian Mosque Basilica Church converted from Christian Basilica Present day present day Ravenna, Italy Istanbul, Turkey SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE 56. GREAT MOSQUE, CORDOBA 58. CHURCH OF SAINTE-FOY & RELIQUARY c. 786 CE c. 1050-1130 CE French Medieval Romanesque Mosque Pilgrimage Church Present day Conques, France Cordoba, Spain SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE 60. CHARTRES CATHEDRAL 65. ALHAMBRA 1194 - 1220 CE c. 1354 - 1391 CE Gothic Cathedral, limestone, glass Palace: stucco Present day Chartres, France Granada, Spain SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE 67. PAZZI CHAPEL, FILIPO BRUNELLESCHI 70. PALAZZO RUCELLAI Filipo Leon Battista Brunelleschi Alberti c. 1429 - 61 CE c. 1450 CE Limestone chapel Stone, Masonry Florence, Italy Florence, Italy SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE 82. IL GESÙ 84. MOSQUE OF SELIM II da Vignola, della Sinan Porta, Gaulli 1568 - 1575 CE 16th century CE brick, marble, Brick and fresco, stucco Stone Rome, Italy Edirne Turkey SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE 88. SAN CARLO ALLE QUATTRO FONTANE 93. PALACE AT VERSAILLES Francesco Le Vau & Hardouin- Borromini Mansart 1669 CE 1638 - 46 CE Masonry, wood, Stone & stucco iron, gold Rome, Italy Versailles, France SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE SET 3: EARLY EUROPE & COLONIAL AMERICAS 200-1,750 CE 102. MONTICELLO 112. PALACE OF WESTMINSTER (PARLIAMENT) Thomas Sir Charles Barry Jefferson & Augustus Pugin 1768 - 1809 CE 1840 - 70 CE brick, glass, Limestone, stone, wood masonry, glass Charlottesville, London, England Virginia SET 4: LATER EUROPE AND AMERICAS 1,750 - 1,980 CE SET 4: LATER EUROPE AND AMERICAS 1,750 - 1,980 CE 124. CARSON, PIRIE, SCOTT & CO. BLDG. 135. VILLA SAVOYE Louis Sullivan Le Corbusier 1903 CE 1929 CE Iron, Steel, Steel and reinforced Glass, Terra conrete Cotta Poissy-sur- Chicago, IL Seine, France SET 4: LATER EUROPE AND AMERICAS 1,750 - 1,980 CE SET 4: LATER EUROPE AND AMERICAS 1,750 - 1,980 CE 139. FALLINGWATER 146. SEAGRAM BUILDING Frank Lloyd Wright Ludwig Mies van der Rohe & 1936-39 CE Philip Johnson Reinforced 1954 - 58 CE concrete, sandstone, steel steel, glass, & glass bronze Bear Run, PA NYC, US SET 4: LATER EUROPE AND AMERICAS 1,750 - 1,980 CE SET 4: LATER EUROPE AND AMERICAS 1,750 - 1,980 CE 152. HOUSE IN NEWCASTLE COUNTY, DE 154. MESA VERDE CLIFF DWELLINGS Robert Venturi, John Anasazi Rauch, Denise Scott Brown 450 - 1300 CE 1978 - 83 CE sandstone wood frame & stucco Montezuma New Castle County, County , DE Colorado, US SET 4: LATER EUROPE AND AMERICAS 1,750 - 1,980 CE SET 5: INDIGENOUS AMERICAS 1,000 BCE - 1,980 CE 155. YAXCHILÁN 157. TEMPLO MAYOR Maya Mexica / Aztec 725 CE 1375 - 1520 CE limestone stone Chiapas, Mexico Tenochtitlan British Museum, (present day London Mexico City) SET 5: INDIGENOUS AMERICAS 1,000 BCE - 1,980 CE SET 5: INDIGENOUS AMERICAS 1,000 BCE - 1,980 CE 159. CITY OF CUSCO 161. MACHU PICCHU Inka Inka 1440 CE 1450 - 1540 CE Andesite Granite Central highlands, Central Peru highlands, Peru SET 5: INDIGENOUS AMERICAS 1,000 BCE - 1,980 CE SET 5: INDIGENOUS AMERICAS 1,000 BCE - 1,980 CE 167. CONICAL TOWER & CIRCULAR WALL OF GREAT ZIMBABWE 168. GREAT MOSQUE OF DJENNÉ Shona founded c. 1200 CE c. 1000 - 1400 CE coursed granite rebuilt 1906 - 07 blocks Adobe (mud) present day Zimbabwe present day Mali SET 6: AFRICA 1,100 - 1,980 CE SET 6: AFRICA 1,100 - 1,980 CE 181. PETRA, JORDAN: TREASURY & GREAT TEMPLE 183. THE KAABA Nabataean, Ptolemaic, Religious Monument & Roman 631 - 632 CE c. 400 BCE - 100 BCE granite, silk cut rock curtain, calligraphy present day Petra, Mecca, Saudi Jordan Arabia SET 7: WEST & CENTRAL ASIA 500 BCE - 1980 CE SET 7: WEST & CENTRAL ASIA 500 BCE - 1980 CE 185. DOME OF THE ROCK 186. GREAT MOSQUE (MASJID-E JAMEH) Umayyad Persian 691 - 692 CE c. 700 CE stone, wood, stone, brick, wood, ceramic tile, plaster, ceramic mosaic, gilt tile aluminum, bronze Present day Jerusalem Isfahan, Iran SET 7: WEST & CENTRAL ASIA 500 BCE - 1980 CE SET 7: WEST & CENTRAL ASIA 500 BCE - 1980 CE 192. GREAT STUPA AT SANCHI 197. TODAI - JI Buddhist, Sunga Unkei, Keikei, Kei School c. 300 BCE - 100 CE 743 CE / c. 1700 stone masonry, CE sandstone on dome bronze, wood, ceramic tile Madhya Pradesh, India Nara Japan SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE 198. BOROBUDUR TEMPLE 199. ANGKOR WAT Sailendra Dynasty Hindu, Angkor Dynasty c. 750 - 842 CE c. 800 - 1400 CE volcanic stone masonry stone masonry, sandstone Central Java, Angkor Thom, Indonesia Cambodia SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE 200. LAKSHMANA TEMPLE 206. FORBIDDEN CITY Chandella Ming Dynasty Dynasty 15th Century CE and later c. 930 - 950 CE stone masonry, sandstone marble, brick, wood, ceramic tile Khajuraho, India Beijing China SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE 207. RYOAN - JI 209. TAJ MAHAL Muromachi Ustad Ahmad Lahori Period, Japan 1632 - 1653 CE c. 1480 CE stone masonry, marble, inlay: precious & semi- Rock Garden precious stones, gardens Kyoto, Japan Agra, India SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE SET 8: SOUTH, EAST, & SOUTHEAST ASIA 300 BCE - 1,980 BCE 213. NAN MADOL 225. VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL Saudeleur Dynasty Maya Lin c. 700 - 1600 CE 1982 CE basalt boulders & prismatic columns granite memorial Pohnpei, Micronesia Washington, DC SET 9: THE PACIFIC 700 - 1980 CE SET 10: GLOBAL CONTEMPORARY 1980 CE - PRESENT 240. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM BILBAO 249. MAXXI (NATIONAL MUSEUM OF XXI CENTURY ARTS) Frank Gehry Zaha Hadid 1997 CE 2009 CE Titanium, glass, & Glass, steel, limestone cement Bilbao, Spain Rome, Italy SET 10: GLOBAL CONTEMPORARY 1980 CE - PRESENT SET 10: GLOBAL CONTEMPORARY 1980 CE - PRESENT.
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    Borromini and the Dr Valerie Shrimplin cultural context of [email protected] Kepler’sHarmonices om Mundi • • • • Francesco Borromini, S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Rome (dome) Harmonices Mundi, Bk II, p. 64 Facsimile, Carnegie-Mellon University Francesco Borromini, S Ivo alla Sapienza Rome (dome) Harmonices Mundi, Bk IV, p. 137 • Vitruvius • Scriptures – cosmology and The Genesis, Isaiah, Psalms) cosmological • Early Christian - dome of heaven view of the • Byzantine - domed architecture universe and • Renaissance revival – religious art/architecture symbolism of centrally planned churches • Baroque (17th century) non-circular domes as related to Kepler’s views* *INSAP II, Malta 1999 Cosmas Indicopleustes, Universe 6th cent Last Judgment 6th century (VatGr699) Celestial domes Monastery at Daphne (Δάφνη) 11th century S Sophia, Constantinople (built 532-37) ‘hanging architecture’ Galla Placidia, 425 St Mark’s Venice, late 11th century Evidence of Michelangelo interests in Art and Cosmology (Last Judgment); Music/proportion and Mathematics Giacomo Vignola (1507-73) St Andrea in Via Flaminia 1550-1553 Church of San Giacomo in Augusta, in Rome, Italy, completed by Carlo Maderno 1600 [painting is 19th century] Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri, 1620’s (Borromini with Maderno) Leonardo da Vinci, Notebooks (318r Codex Atlanticus c 1510) Amboise Bachot, 1598 Following p. 52 Astronomia Nova Link between architecture and cosmology (as above) Ovals used as standard ellipse approximation Significant change/increase Revival of neoplatonic terms, geometrical bases in early 17th (ellipse, oval, equilateral triangle) century Fundamental in Harmonices Mundi where orbit of every planet is ellipse with sun at one of foci Borromini combined practical skills with scientific learning and culture • Formative years in Milan (stonemason) • ‘Artistic anarchist’ – innovation and disorder.
  • 48. Catacomb of Priscilla. Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. C. 200–400 C.E

    48. Catacomb of Priscilla. Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. C. 200–400 C.E

    48. Catacomb of Priscilla. Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 200–400 C.E. Excavated tufa and fresco. (3 images) Orant fresco © Araldo de Luca/Corbis Greek Chapel © Scala/Art Resource, NY Good Shepherd fresco © Scala/Art Resource, NY 49. Santa Sabina. Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422–432 C.E. Brick and stone, wooden roof. (3 images) Santa Sabina Santa Sabina © Holly Hayes/Art History Images © Scala/Art Resource, NY Santa Sabina plan 50. Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel, from the Vienna Genesis. Early Byzantine Europe. Early sixth century C.E. Illuminated manuscript (tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum). (2 images) Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well Jacob Wrestling the Angel © Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Gr. 31, fol. 7r © Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Gr. 31, fol. 12r 51. San Vitale. Ravenna, Italy. Early Byzantine Europe. c. 526–547 C.E. Brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic. (5 images) San Vitale San Vitale © Gérard Degeorge/The Bridgeman Art Library © Canali Photobank, Milan, Italy San Vitale, continued Justinian panel Theodora panel © Cameraphoto Arte, Venice/Art Resource, NY © Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library San Vitale plan 52. Hagia Sophia. Constantinople (Istanbul). Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. 532–537 C.E. Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer. (3 images) Hagia Sophia © Yann Arthus-Bertrand/Corbis Hagia Sophia © De Agostini Picture Library/G. Dagli Orti/The Bridgeman Art Library Hagia Sophia plan 53. Merovingian looped fibulae. Early 54. Virgin (Theotokos) and Child medieval Europe. Mid-sixth century C.E. between Saints Theodore and George. Silver gilt worked in ftligree, with inlays Early Byzantine Europe.