A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Diesel and Fuel-Oil Engines
HdiiUiiat uuioTAt* VI i nPicrence moK not to do AUG 2 ^ : , CuKCH JlUili lilO L, iDi slil CS102E-42 Jf' Engines, Diese! and fuei-oil (export classifications) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE JESSE H. JONES, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS LYMAN J. BRIGGS, Director DIESEL AND FUEL-OIL ENGINES (Export Classifications) COMMERCIAL STANDARD CS102E-42 Effective Date for New Production from October 30, 1942 A RECORDED VOLUNTARY STANDARD OF THE TRADE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1942 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 10 cents . U. S. Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standard? PROMULGATION of COMMERCIAL STANDARD CS102E-42 for DIESEL AND FUEL-OIL ENGINES (Export Classifications) On January 30, 1942, at the instance of the Diesel Engine Manu- facturers’ Association, a conference of representative manufacturers adopted a recommended commercial standard for Diesel and fuel -oil engines (export classifications). Those concerned have since accepted and approved the standard as shown herein for promulgation by the U. S. Department of Commerce, through the National Bureau of Standards. The standard is effective for new production from October 30, 1942. Promulgation recommended I. J. Fairchild, Chieff Division of Trade Standards, Promulgated. Lyman J. Briggs, Director^ National Bureau of Standards, Promulgation approved. Jesse H. Jones, Secretary of Commerce. II DIESEL AND FUEL-OIL ENGINES (Export Classifications) COMMERCIAL STANDARD CS102E-42 PARTS Page 1. Nomenclature and definitions.. ' 1 2. Slow- and medium-speed stationary Diesel engines 7 3. Slow- and medium-speed marine Diesel engines 13 4. Small, medium- and high-speed stationary, marine, and portable Diesel engines 19 5. -
Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper Mckinley Rd. Mckinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel
Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper McKinley Rd. McKinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel. No. 238-6300 Website: http://www.ipophil.gov.ph e-mail: [email protected] Publication Date: August 10, 2015 1 ALLOWED MARKS PUBLISHED FOR OPPOSITION ............................................................................................... 2 1.1 ALLOWED NATIONAL MARKS ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper McKinley Rd. McKinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel. No. 238-6300 Website: http://www.ipophil.gov.ph e-mail: [email protected] Publication Date: August 10, 2015 1 ALLOWED MARKS PUBLISHED FOR OPPOSITION 1.1 Allowed national marks Application No. Filing Date Mark Applicant Nice class(es) Number 25 June 1 4/2010/00006843 AIR21 GLOBAL AIR21 GLOBAL, INC. [PH] 35 and39 2010 20 2 4/2012/00011594 September AAA SUNQUAN LU [PH] 19 2012 11 May 3 4/2012/00501163 CACATIAN, LEUGIM D [PH] 25 2012 24 4 4/2012/00740257 September MIX N` MAGIC MICHAELA A TAN [PH] 30 2012 11 June NEUROGENESIS 5 4/2013/00006764 LBI BRANDS, INC. [CA] 32 2013 HAPPY WATER BABAYLAN SPA AND ALLIED 6 4/2013/00007633 1 July 2013 BABAYLAN 44 INC. [PH] 12 July OAKS HOTELS & M&H MANAGEMENT 7 4/2013/00008241 43 2013 RESORTS LIMITED [MU] 25 July DAIWA HOUSE INDUSTRY 8 4/2013/00008867 DAIWA HOUSE 36; 37 and42 2013 CO., LTD. [JP] 16 August ELLEBASY MEDICALE ELLEBASY MEDICALE 9 4/2013/00009840 35 2013 TRADING TRADING [PH] 9 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE 10 4/2013/00010788 September UNSTOPABLES 3 COMPANY [US] 2013 9 October BELL-KENZ PHARMA INC. -
Lean's Engine Reporter and the Development of The
Trans. Newcomen Soc., 77 (2007), 167–189 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics Lean’s Engine Reporter and the Development of the Cornish Engine: A Reappraisal by Alessandro NUVOLARI and Bart VERSPAGEN THE ORIGINS OF LEAN’S ENGINE REPORTER A Boulton and Watt engine was first installed in Cornwall in 1776 and, from that year, Cornwall progressively became one of the British counties making the most intensive use of steam power.1 In Cornwall, steam engines were mostly employed for draining water from copper and tin mines (smaller engines, called ‘whim engines’ were also employed to draw ore to the surface). In comparison with other counties, Cornwall was characterized by a relative high price for coal which was imported from Wales by sea.2 It is not surprising then that, due to their superior fuel efficiency, Watt engines were immediately regarded as a particularly attractive proposition by Cornish mining entrepreneurs (commonly termed ‘adventurers’ in the local parlance).3 Under a typical agreement between Boulton and Watt and the Cornish mining entre- preneurs, the two partners would provide the drawings and supervise the works of erection of the engine; they would also supply some particularly important components of the engine (such as some of the valves). These expenditures would have been charged to the mine adventurers at cost (i.e. not including any profit for Boulton and Watt). In addition, the mine adventurer had to buy the other components of the engine not directly supplied by the Published by & (c) The Newcomen Society two partners and to build the engine house. -
Soho Depicted: Prints, Drawings and Watercolours of Matthew Boulton, His Manufactory and Estate, 1760-1809
SOHO DEPICTED: PRINTS, DRAWINGS AND WATERCOLOURS OF MATTHEW BOULTON, HIS MANUFACTORY AND ESTATE, 1760-1809 by VALERIE ANN LOGGIE A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History of Art College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham January 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis explores the ways in which the industrialist Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) used images of his manufactory and of himself to help develop what would now be considered a ‘brand’. The argument draws heavily on archival research into the commissioning process, authorship and reception of these depictions. Such information is rarely available when studying prints and allows consideration of these images in a new light but also contributes to a wider debate on British eighteenth-century print culture. The first chapter argues that Boulton used images to convey messages about the output of his businesses, to draw together a diverse range of products and associate them with one site. Chapter two explores the setting of the manufactory and the surrounding estate, outlining Boulton’s motivation for creating the parkland and considering the ways in which it was depicted. -
Absolute Auction Complete Liquidation by Order of Trustee
ABSOLUTE AUCTION COMPLETE LIQUIDATION BY ORDER OF TRUSTEE `04 BERCO RTM225A-BS WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2012 9:00 AM Altoona-Beasley Altoona, Pennsylvania Manufacturing, Inc. 1440 COWPATH RD. • HATFIELD, PA 19440 `00 BERCO 225A-40 `03 SERDI 100HD `04 FORD F-550XL SUPER DUTY 215/361-9099 • Fax: 215/361-9212 www.hunyady.com PRE-SORTED FIRST CLASS MAIL US POSTAGE PAID HAVERTOWN, PA PERMIT #45 ABSOLUTE AUCTION Altoona-Beasley Manufacturing, Inc. Notice: Pursuant to U.S. Bankruptcy Court Case #10-71091 and by Order of Trustee all equipment assets formerly owned and operated by Altoona-Beasley Manufacturing, Inc. shall be liquidated. All items must sell to the highest bidder without minimums, reserves, or buyer’s premiums! Location: The auction will be held at the Altoona-Beasley facility at 210 East Plank Road, Altoona, Pennsylvania 16602 Dismantlement and Loadout: Certain machines will be required to be dismantled and loaded out by a qualified rigger for safety purposes. Loadout fees will be added to the purchaser’s invoice. One rigger will be selected and must be used. No other contractors will be permitted. Individual fees will be published in the sale day catalog. Items not requiring professional rigging will be loaded by the auction company at no charge! Sale Site Directions: FROM INTERSTATE 99 SOUTH BOUND: Exit #32 (Frankstown Road) End of ramp at traffic light turn left onto Frankstown Road. Proceed to second traffic light and turn left onto Plank Road. Sale site will be on immediate right. FROM INTERSTATE 99 NORTH BOUND: Exit #32 (Frankstown Road) End of ramp at traffic light turn right onto Frankstown Road. -
A Steam Issue-48Pp HWM
FROM WATER POWER TO WATT THE ENERGY REVOLUTION OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Jim Andrew In the seventeenth century, there were no steam engines, no electricity or vehicle fuel from petrol pumps. Power came from human and animal energy, enhanced by wind and water. Changes in water and steam technology in the late-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries contributed to the Industrial Revolution. © Birmingham Museums Trust Sarehole Mill. One of the two remaining water mills in the Birmingham area. 4 www.historywm.com FROM WATER POWER TO WATT ind power, as now, was limited by variations in the strength of the wind, making water the preferred reliable Wsource of significant power for regular activity. The Romans developed water wheels and used them for a variety of activities but the first definitive survey of water power in England was in the Doomsday Book c.1086. At that time, well over five-thousand mills were identified – most were the Norse design with a vertical shaft and horizontal disc of blades. Water-Wheel Technology Traditional water mills, with vertical wheels on horizontal shafts, were well established by the eighteenth century. Many were underpass designs where the water flowed under a wheel with paddles being pushed round by the flow. Over time, many mills adopted designs which had buckets, filled with water at various levels from quite low to the very top of the wheel. The power was extracted by the falling of the water from its entry point to where it was discharged. There was little systematic study of the efficiency of mill-wheel design in extracting energy from the water before the eighteenth century. -
21 3 Steam Engine Governor Having a Close Approximation to Perfect Action
21 3 ON A SIMPLE CONSTRUOTION OF STEAM ENGINE GOVERNOR HAVING A CLOSE APPROXIMATION TO PERFECT ACTION. BY ME. JEREMIAH HEAD, OF MIDDLESBBOUGH. The irregularity of speed tolwhich all steam engines are liable arises from two principal causes : variation in the pressure of steam supplied, and variation in the amount of resistance to be overcome. Variation of steam pressure may arise from irregular firing, overtaxed boilers, or in the case of waste-heat boilers, from several dampers happening to be closed at once, and from other similar and obvious cauaes. Variation in resistance occurs when the work to be performed is from its nature intermittent ; this variation is at its minimum in such engines as those used for pumping or blowing, and at its maximum in engines such as are attached to saw-mills, rolling mills, grindstones and shears. If an engine readily lags in speed when the resistance increases, its efficiency is lessened just when most required ; and if it “runs away” when relieved of work, or when the steam pressure is higher than ordinary, the wear and tear of the machinery connected with it is increased, and at the same time steam is wasted in doing the mischief. These considerations were all fully recognised by Watt, who sought to remedy them by his well- known steam engine governor. Although imperfect and partial in its action, this governor is sufficient for many purposes; and its extreme simplicity has caused it to remain to the present time in more extensive use than any other. It acts on a throttle-valve inserted in the steam-pipe close to the valve-chest, and partly closes the throttle-valve when the normal speed is exceeded, and opens it wider when the speed falls below the ordinary rate. -
Portable Diesel IC Engine
SAN DIEGO AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT 10124 OLD GROVE ROAD, SAN DIEGO, CA 92131-1649 PHONE (858) 586-2600 • FAX (858) 586-2601 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE & San Diego APCD Use Only CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION APP/Reg. No.: RULE 12.1 ID No.: BEC/FS: APCD2019-CON-001560/34X Existing P/O No.: Portable Diesel Internal Combustion (New) for Emergency or Low Use Only Name of Owner (DBA): Legal Owner (if different from DBA): Equipment Description: Year: Manufacturer: Model No.: Serial No.: HP Rating: Type of Fuel: : Engine Use: ☐Emergency Engine or ☐Low-Use Engine (less than 200 hours per year) I, ________________________ , certify that I will be in compliance with all applicable District Rules and Regulations and the following conditions: (Print or type name) 1. If designated as an Emergency Engine in the above equipment description, the engine shall be operated exclusively in emergency applications except for up to 50 hours per year for maintenance and testing. If designated as a Low-Use Engine in the above equipment description, the engine shall be operated 200 hours or less each calendar year. (17CCR 93116) 2. Emissions from each registered engine shall not exceed 100 pounds of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during any one day. [Rule 12.1(d)(1)] 3. An engine or equipment unit shall be configured and operated so as to meet the definition of a portable emission unit as defined in Rule 12.1. An engine's and/or equipment unit's certificate of registration shall be invalid when such equipment is used as an integral part of the operation of a stationary source or to supplement or expand the stationary source's operation. -
Mmubn000001 026689529.Pdf
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/147957 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. OXIDATIVE CHALLENGE TO AGING HUMAN LENS LEADING TO NUCLEAR CATARACT P.M.M. van HAARD TOELICHTING Het doel van het hier beschreven onderzoek is een beter inzicht te krijgen in het ontstaan van cataract o-F staar in de ooglens van sommige ouder wordende mensen. De lens stelt de mens in staat om scherp te zien. Een voor waarde is wel dat de lens licht doorlaat. Elke verandering in de lichtdoorlaatbaarheid ten gevolge van troebel worden van de lens wordt cataract genoemd. Oit betekent niet dat onscherp zien altijd aan cataract te wijten zou zijn. De lenstroebelingen, voorkomend bij oudere mensen (90-95% van alle cataracten) worden ouderdomscataracten genoemd. Tot deze groep van cataracten behoort de kerncataract ι het is de ze vorm van cataract die ik onderzocht heb. De kerncataract is om allerlei redenen een interessant onder- zoekobject. Komen bij andere ouderdomscataracten witte troe- belingen voor in verschillende delen van de lens, bij kernca taract wcrdt alleen het normaal lichtgeel gekleurde binnenste deel van de lens - de kern - meestal rond het vijftigste jaar steeds harder, troebel en bruiner van kleur. In het ernstigste en meest gevorderde stadium blijkt de harde, zwartbruine kern van de lens even groot te zijn als de lens bij de geboorte is. -
Age of Steam" Reconsidered
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Castaldi, Carolina; Nuvolari, Alessandro Working Paper Technological revolution and economic growth: The "age of steam" reconsidered LEM Working Paper Series, No. 2004/11 Provided in Cooperation with: Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Suggested Citation: Castaldi, Carolina; Nuvolari, Alessandro (2004) : Technological revolution and economic growth: The "age of steam" reconsidered, LEM Working Paper Series, No. 2004/11, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Pisa This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/89286 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Laboratory of Economics and Management Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33 - 56127 PISA (Italy) Tel. -
Electrification and the Ideological Origins of Energy
A Dissertation entitled “Keep Your Dirty Lights On:” Electrification and the Ideological Origins of Energy Exceptionalism in American Society by Daniel A. French Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in History _________________________________________ Dr. Diane F. Britton, Committee Chairperson _________________________________________ Dr. Peter Linebaugh, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Daryl Moorhead, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Kim E. Nielsen, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Patricia Komuniecki Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo December 2014 Copyright 2014, Daniel A. French This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the express permission of the author. An Abstract of “Keep Your Dirty Lights On:” Electrification and the Ideological Origins of Energy Exceptionalism in American Society by Daniel A. French Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in History The University of Toledo December 2014 Electricity has been defined by American society as a modern and clean form of energy since it came into practical use at the end of the nineteenth century, yet no comprehensive study exists which examines the roots of these definitions. This dissertation considers the social meanings of electricity as an energy technology that became adopted between the mid- nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth centuries. Arguing that both technical and cultural factors played a role, this study shows how electricity became an abstracted form of energy in the minds of Americans. As technological advancements allowed for an increasing physical distance between power generation and power consumption, the commodity of electricity became consciously detached from the steam and coal that produced it. -
Introduction: a Manufacturing People
1 Introduction: a manufacturing people ‘It will be seen that a manufacturing people is not so happy as a rural population, and this is the foretaste of becoming the “Workshop of the World”.’ Sir James Graham to Edward Herbert, 2nd Earl of Powis, 31 August 1842 ‘From this foul drain the greatest stream of human industry flows out to fertilise the whole world. From this filthy sewer pure gold flows. Here humanity attains its most complete development and its most brutish; here civilisation works its miracles, and civilised man is turned back almost into a savage.’ Alexis de Tocqueville on Manchester, 1835 ritain’s national census of 1851 reveals that just over one half of the economically active B population were employed in manufacturing (including mining and construction), while fewer than a quarter now worked the land. The making of textiles alone employed well over a million men and women. The number of factories, mines, metal-working complexes, mills and workshops had all multiplied, while technological innovations had vastly increased the number of, and improved the capabilities of, the various machines that were housed in them. Production and exports were growing, and the economic and social consequences of industrial development could be felt throughout the British Isles. The British had become ‘a manufacturing people’. These developments had not happened overnight, although many of the most momentous had taken place within living memory. By the 1850s commentators were already describing Dictionary, indeed, there is no definition whatever this momentous shift as an ‘industrial revolution’. relating to this type of phenomenon. Is it, therefore, The phrase obviously struck a chord, and is now really a help or a hindrance to rely on it to describe deeply ingrained.