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Home , Boston Port Act, Declaratory Act

Background of te 1. Mercantilism American Revoluton The theory that a state’s or nation’s power depended on its wealth.

1. Mercantilism

The British economic policy in which the colonies exist to make the mother country rich.

2. Navigation and Trade Acts a. All colonial In 1651, Parliament passed a goods had to be series of laws known as the Navigation and carried on British Trade Acts. ships.

1 b. Some goods c. Some goods could only be could only be sold to England. manufactured by England.

d. Foreign imports 3. The Navigation and Trade Acts were not had to be sent first enforced until after the to England where French and Indian War. a tax was paid.

ACTION: REACTION: Britain enforced the Navigation and Colonists began Trade Acts. to smuggle.

2 ACTION: 4. Writs of Assistance In 1761, Parliament passed the Writs of Assistance which Colonists began to allowed the redcoats to smuggle. search colonial homes and businesses without a search warrant.

REACTION: 5. In 1761, Parliament passed Parliament the Writs of sent 10,000 Assistance (no Redcoats to the colonies warrant needed to to protect the search). colonists.

The series of raids 6. Pontiac’s Rebellion called Pontiac’s War

In the spring of 1763, or Pontiac’s Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, Rebellion came to put together an alliance of an end when the Native American peoples. French signed the .

3 7. Proclamation of 1763 ACTION: King George issued the Proclamation of 1763 which closed land west of Native American the Appalachian uprisings in the Mountains to settlers, Ohio River Valley. trappers, and traders.

REACTION: King George III closed 8. land west of the In 1764, a new Prime Appalachian Mountains Minister took power in Britain. to settlers, trappers persuaded Parliament to and traders. pass laws to tax the (Proclamation of colonists. 1763)

The Sugar Act lowered “Taxation without the tax on molasses representation is imported by the tyranny.” colonists. It also tyranny= harsh use eliminated trial by jury or abuse of power in smuggling cases.

4 9. Quartering Act In 1765, the Quartering Act 10. In 1765, Parliament passed was passed which ordered the Stamp Act. This was a colonists to provide tax on all printed housing and food for items. the Redcoats stationed in the colonies.

11. Reactions to the Stamp b. Since they had no representatives in Parliament, they Act were varied: believed Parliament did not have a. the right to make laws or force them to pay taxes. Nine colonies sent representatives to New “No taxation without representation.” York to a meeting.

Sons of Liberty They were a group of 4. forming radicals, led by Committees of , Correspondence to formed to protest write letters to people in other colonies outside against the unfair Massachusetts. law.

5 ACTION: Committees of Safety

• Committees of Safety were Parliament formed to discuss the concerns and act upon events pertaining passed the to the public welfare.! Stamp Act.

REACTION: ACTION: Colonists protested: burned Colonists formed stamps, boycotted, the Stamp Act terrorized, and formed Congress as a sign Committees of Correspondence and of unity. Committees of Safety.

REACTION:

Parliament repealed (canceled) the Stamp Act.

6 12. 13.Townshend Act The Declaratory Act of In 1767, Parliament passed 1766 stated that the Townshend Act. This law Parliament had the taxed glass, lead, right to tax and paper,and tea make decisions for imported into the the British colonies. colonies for sale.

ACTION: REACTION: Parliament passed the . Colonists boycotted (tax on glass, lead, British goods. paper, paint and tea)

14. Massacre ACTION: The Colonists used the incident as were killed in the propaganda to Boston influence opinion Massacre. against the British.

7 REACTION: 15. This law gave the Parliament repealed British East India the Townshend Act, Company the exclusive but kept the tax on right to sell tea in the tea. colonies without paying the tax on tea.

ACTION: 16. In 1773, the Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mohawk Parliament passed Indians and boarded three the Tea Act. ships belonging to the British anchored in Boston Harbor.

17. Coercive / REACTION: To punish the colonists for the The Sons of Liberty Tea Party, Parliament passed protested in the Boston the Coercive Acts. Tea Party. They were nicknamed the Intolerable Acts by the colonists.

8 a. b. Administration of Justice Act The Any Redcoat who was closed until the committed a crime in tea was paid for by the colonies was sent the colonists. to England for trial.

c. Massachusetts Government Act d. It also amended the Quartering Parliament ordered the Act, which required colonists to Massachusetts house and quarter British troops on demand. legislature closed and sent General Gage to rule the colony.

REACTION: ACTION: Parliament passed the Coercive Acts which the The colonists colonists called the protested in the Intolerable Acts. Boston Tea Party.

9 REACTION: 18.First Continental Congress Closed port of Boston In response to the Intolerable Closed Massachusetts legislature Sent General Gage to rule the Acts, in 1774, twelve colony colonies sent Any Redcoat who committed a crime was sent to England for representatives to a trial meeting in Philadelphia. Amended Quartering Act

ACTION:

Parliament passed the The colonists wanted to appear Coercive Acts, which united to convince the British their rights were being violated. the colonists called the Intolerable Acts.

REACTION: 1.Boycott British goods Colonists met at the 2.Organize militias first meeting of the 3.Petition the king Continental Congress. 4.Declare their loyalty to England They decided to:

10 19.Lexington and Concord In April of 1775, British soldiers were sent to the The shots fired at Lexington Massachusetts towns of and Concord have become Lexington and Concord to known as the “shot heard capture guns and ‘round the world.” ammunition the colonists were stockpiling there.

20.Second Continental Congress In May of 1775 a meeting of the second Continental Congress was called to discuss the fact that the colonies and the British had fired on each other.

c.Organize a navy a.Create the . d. Send one last petition to the king again stating the b. Send a representative to colonists were loyal France. Englishmen who just wanted their rights

11 ACTION: REACTION: Shots were Colonists met at a fired at second meeting of the Lexington Continental Congress. They decided to: and Concord.

1. Form the 3. Send a representative Continental Army to France 2. Choose George 4. Form a navy Washington as 5. Send the Olive Branch Commander- in- Petition - last hope for chief peace.

21. Fighting had already spread. a. and the Green Mountain Boys b. Bunker Hill

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