sign in sign up
<<
Home , Battle of Golden Hill, Boston Port Act, Boston Tea Party, Crisis of 1772, Declaratory Act, Gaspee Affair

What is the purpose/significance of colonies? of 1764. A tax on sugar By 1766, six significant groups are opposed to For over a century colonists had insisted upon o To benefit the mother country in terms of British troops in the colonies their rights as Englishmen, to be taxed only money, prestige and raw materials. of 1764 1. Non-Anglicans in the colonies with their consent o . Prohibits the colonists from printing their own 2. Non-English people in the colonies  The general widespread belief is that the o To receive protection from mother country. currency. The colonists created their own script (Germans, Dutch, Scots, Irish, …) colonists should have the same basic o The removal of the external threat posed by prior to this, called “colonial script” which had 3. Colonists of German and Dutch heritage. rights as British citizens Spain and France allowed the colonials to no real value outside specific communities. 4. Slave owners in South Carolina who dislike lessen their dependence on England the constant dialogue about whether or not “Tory/Tories” and “Loyalists” of 1765 to continue the slave trade.  Colonists who remain loyal to England and Conditions arising from the French and Indian A tax on all legal documents, permits, commercial 5. Puritans, who view England to the King. Wars set the stage for the . contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and cards. as immoral. With victory, the British sought to reorganize o There was much resistance: 6. Poor people in the southern colonies who Mutual dislike between the British and the itself, particularly in relation to the colonies.  Petitions to the British parliament; view unhappily their inequity with the colonists continues to be cultivated. o Prior to 1763, colonists largely were left to  Stamp tax distributors were intimidated wealthy (they believe England supports the o The British seem arrogant fend for themselves; post-1763 into resigning their commissions; wealthy) o Double standard seen in London, whereon sought to tighten control of the colonies  A figure resembling Andrew Oliver, the England-born and colony-born British o England sought more profit from the 1767, The British parliament adopts a distributor of the stamps, was hung in and neither viewed nor treated as equals. colonies in order to resolve war-related debt. confrontational-approach to the colonies. effigy from . A threat! o With the 1763 , England got “Son’s of Liberty” control of all land east of the Mississippi Townsend Acts of 1767 1765, as a form of resistance to the Stamp Act, A colonial protest organization, lead by Samuel River and all foreign (European) forces were Requires the colonies to pay an import tax on colonists implemented a non-importation Adams. The group attacked the apparatus and removed from North America. England and other goods agreement throughout the colonies, wherein all symbols of British authority, such as British gained sole influence over this land. o This is designed to force the colonists to pay 13 colonies refused imports from England. property and Tory supporters. o Royal Proclamation of 1763 the wages of the civilian and administrative The British viewed them as seditious rebels and Prohibited colonial settlement west of the British personnel sent by the King. “No Taxation Without Representation” referred at the group maliciously as “Sons of Appalachian Mountains. Purpose was to Only Colonial Assemblies had a right to tax the  Pre-1767, all money went through the Violence” and “Sons of Iniquity.” organize England’s North American colonies, the colonists argued while pointing to colonial legislator; this shifts it to the The British viewed them as a terrorist group. empire and stabilize relations with Indians. historical precedent; not England. British agencies! Colonists resent measure; never enforced. A growing position in the colonies held that o Protests and widespread are initiated Some major figures are quick to join the

since the colonies did not have a representative throughout the colonies in response. movement to break from England: Post-1763 victory, colonists try to re-establish in the British parliament whom they had voted , , their ties with British to reflect their pre-1763 for, the Parliament therefore could not represent 1767, large colonial demonstration in in relationship. the colonists nor import/impose laws over them. response to the Townsend Act. Circa.1770, much of the colonial population Their wants include a reestablishment of British o Colonists refuse to pay the tax remained proud to be British, and in so doing protection of trade routes to the colonies and Quartering Act of 1765  The response: Redcoats, who had grudgingly accepted how they were treated by freedom within the colonies, both of which had London orders all Colonial Assemblies to pay previously been on the outskirts of town, the crown. Britain’s Act’s and behavior made been suspended in 1763. for and house Redcoats in the colonies. are now moved into Boston. daily life tougher and unpredictable, but not

intolerable. The philosophy of a ‘social contract’ (John 1765, the British leave 6,000 Redcoats in the All Townsend Acts are repealed in 1770, except Some prominent colonial figures are reluctant Locke) takes hold in influential parts of the colonies, to protect them from the frontier. for the tax on tea. to break from England, until specific events . . . colonies. Locke viewed government as an o This claim is met with great suspicion from o – he had a fondness of agreement between those who lead and those the colonists. England suspends the (elected) England until three events: 1. he witnessed who followed. how poorly the Irish were treated after  The Redcoats attempt to do two things: governor and legislature in 1767 and 1769 for centuries of British occupation of Ireland; 1.mantain control of the colonies, and 2. failing to comply with Quartering Act. and 2.a private letter from Thomas they drew a ‘proclamation line” which Accumulation of Colonial Hutchinson to the King was intercepted said that no colonist could go west of All 13 colonies were continuously running trade and shared with Franklin which spoke of Grievances Against England the Appalachian Mountains. deficits with England. o Shipping gold and silver to England was the the need to further control the colonies;  This angers the colonists; this was 1763-1775 only way to balance this. 3.he was verbally lambasted (criticized) an attempt by the British to limit (A Chronology; Page 1 of 2) o British merchants engaged in credit sales to by the British Parliament. western expansion. the colonies o – while supportive of liberty,

o Severe credit caused the it was the , particularly the of 1766 British imperial reorganization begins about British merchants to call in their debts. clause about no trials in the colonies, Emphasized the message that London maintains 1763. “Act” means tax or law. The intent of o The bankruptcy rate within the colonies drove him to join the after complete decision-making control over the many Acts was to raise money for England doubled! years of moderation. colonies.

“Liberty Tree” and/or “Liberty Poles” The of 1772 Edenton Tea Party, 1774 The is formed illegally in A tree or flagstaff pole which were rallying Gaspee was a British boat which was enforcing A political protest in Edenton, , in response to the Intolerable Acts of 1774. points for growing resistance against England. unpopular trade regulations in accordance with response to the and inspired by the Boston o Originally representatives of only 9 It was viewed as a living symbol of popular British law. It ran aground. The Sons of Tea Party. It was a call for economic boycotts; led colonies participated. support for individual liberty and resistance to Liberty, lead by and John by Penelope Barker o The Intolerable Acts unified the colonists. tyranny. Often decorated with lanterns/banners. Brown, ransack the ship and burn it.  This was a landmark, not because of the o ‘’ (a peace offering) Almost every colonial town had its own Liberty o Previous attacks by colonials on British stances taken – boycotts were commonplace – o ‘Petition of Causes and Necessity for Tree by 1770! naval vessels had gone unpunished. By but because it was organized by women. Taking Arms’ (to justify militia buildup) this point, the British have had enough.  It is one of the first instances of political o Goal: to unify the colonies with a common , 1770  The Dockyard Act of 1772 allowed action by women message and (later) to arm the colonies. British sawed down in New York. for those suspected of burning British  Reaction in England was largely Violence erupts as colonists express their anger ships to be tried in England, and the derogatory and dismissive of 1775 over the British action. British want to charge the defendants  Reaction in the Colonies was Allows the British to search anywhere they want with treason. Colonists are terrified at complimentary and inspired other to, without permission. This includes wide the idea of the captives being sent to women to participate in the ranging search warrants o Challenged by the colonists, claming this ccumulation of olonial England for trial, where they did not boycotts, and were praised by A C believe a fair trail was possible. many patriots. violated (laws of England) Grievances Against England  The British said the Navigation Act Minister John Allen, visiting from London, Intolerable Acts of 1774 (aka.’Coercive Acts’) of 1751 (designed to stop smuggling) 1763-1775 preached a sermon in Boston in which he spoke This is in response to the granted the authority. (A Chronology; Page 2 of 2) of the greedy monarchs, corrupt judges and 1. : Closes Boston Harbor until conspiracies in British government. all the tea is paid for. 1775 Restraining Act  Reprinted throughout the colonies, the 2. Governing Act: King Colonial ships were barred from the North , 5 March 1770 colonists came to believe the rhetoric which appoints the Massachusetts governor. Atlantic fisheries, a measure which pleased Redcoats guarding the Customs House were contributed to the distrust and fear of Britain.  Thereby taking away elected British but which threatened approached by a colonial mob. Colonists yell representatives. considerable harm to the colonial economy. obscenities and throw shells. Captain Preston 38 newspapers in the colonies in 1772 3. Banned community meeting everywhere brings in Redcoat reinforcements. Shots are 11 wrote of the Gaspee incident within one week throughout the colonies. 1775, Militias (small groups of armed fired and 5 colonists are killed. Crispus Atturks, of the event; others followed thereafter. Over 30  This was seen as unfair by the other 12 colonists) begin to gather and train throughout born into slavery, was the first black killed. published a majority of John Allen’s sermon. colonies; it was viewed as punishing Massachusetts and elsewhere. They’re o John Adams defends the Redcoats at trial them all for the outrages of only preparing for possible conflict with the British. o At trial, Atturks is singled out as a and Samuel Adams distributed anti- Massachusetts scapegoat; colonists found to have incited British propaganda: images, slogans or stories 4. Administration of Justice Act: mandated that 1775 witnesses a steady escalation of violence. the and violence; all but one soldier designed to cast the British is a negative light. any Redcoat charged with a crime be tried in o The British send another 3,000 Redcoats found not guilty. court in England. to monitor Boston. Tea Act of 1773 o British seek to arrest John Hancock and  Colonists are furious; John Adams  The message: colonial law is second to The British say that all ships may only transport Samuel Adams. Hancock is wealthy and loses half of his law practice, although the law in England. specific types of tea from the East India Tea uses his money to purchase weapons to he does develop a respectable 5. Quartering Act of 1774 allowed for Company (and not other companies) arm the colonists; Adams is the leader of reputation for transcending law over Redcoats to be housed anywhere in the the Son’s of Liberty and is producing anti- politics. The British offer him a job at  This is a financial monopoly! colonies without permission, so long as the British propaganda. Lexington/Concord Court (in England reporting to the Colonists rebel; do not let the tea be unloaded. building was not occupied. o Effort to get stockpiles of colonial weapons King) and the leaders of Boston Governor Hutchinson invested in the tea and is 6. Act: The geographic jurisdiction of leads to battles at Lexington and Concord. encourage him to enter politics as a under orders for the King; he loses money and Quebec is extended to the Massachusetts o Battles at Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill. voice for the Massachusetts colony. stature of the tea is not unloaded. border; Roman Catholic faith promoted Captain Hall is in a bad situation. In June, seen as unprovoked by Colonists.  This was seen as an attempt to further Some colonists accuse the British of tyranny. 1. If he unloads the , colonists will be isolate Massachusetts and was upset and the Sons of Liberty say they will ‘’ written by Thomas Paine, 1775 interpreted as an example of a new British tarred-and-feathered Thomas Ditson, a burn down his boat  Persuasively advocated for independence. model of administration and an effort to colonial farmer who tried to purchase a musket 2. If he does not unload the tea within 30 dissuade the prominent Protestant faith rifle. They forced him to march in front of a days, Hutchinson issued a decree saying the Word of the bloodshed at Lexington, Concord, Colonists found everything about the Liberty Tree, as they tried to disparage the cargo would be forfeit and he will send Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill reach the Intolerable Acts to be objectionable! symbol and make it an object of ridicule. They Redcoats to take it without compensation. representatives at the Continental Congress, sung ‘ Dandy’ as an insult. 3. If he tries to sail away, the British where debate rages as to whether or not to

battleship is under orders to sink the ship severe the colonial relationship from England.

Growing opinion in America: self-government – $50,000 worth of tea is thrown  All four instances represent British is important into bay; 3 ships. Organized by Samuel Adams. soldiers shooting at their own citizens.

Name: ______Period: ______Date: ______Brainstorm review – Accumulation of Grievances (1 point each, 3 on time points)

1. What was the Sons of Liberty? 14-19. There were six components of the Intolerable Acts. What did it do? a)

2. What did the Currency Act of 1764 do? b)

c) 3. What did the Stamp Act of 1765 do? d)

4. What was the Gaspee Affair of 1772? e)

f) 5. What did ‘Common Sense’ do?

20-25. By 1766, six significant groups were opposed to British troops in the 6. What do the bloodshed at Lexington, Concord, Breed’s Hill and colonies. Which were they? Bunker Hill all have in common? a)

b) 7-10. What were the four reason why countries established colonies? a) c)

b) d)

c) e)

d) f)

11-13. Name three people who were quick to join the movement against 26. The upper-right hand corner of the first page of the handout has a England. underlined sentence. What does it say? a)

b)

c)

27-29. What events led Benjamin Franklin to join the movement against England? 40. The Townsend Acts shifted where the tax money went. Explain the a) change.

b) 41. What did the colonists do in response to the Townsend Acts? c)

42. What did the Writ of Assistance of 1775 do? 30. What were Liberty Trees or Liberty Poles?

43. What was the message of Minister John Allen’s sermons? 31. Who was Crispus Atturks?

44. How might John Allen’s sermons have contributed to the mood (for or 32. What happened to john Adams in the immediate aftermath of the against the British) in the colonies? Boston Massacre trial?

45. What did the Quartering Act of 1765 do? 33. What events led John Adams to join the Sons of Liberty?

46. How did view the relationship between the governed and 34. What was the goal of the Continental Congress? government?

35. What was the Edenton Tea Party of 1774 (hint, it is not the same as the 47. What was the Tea Act of 1773? Boston Tea Party) and why was it significant?

48. How might the credit crisis of 1772 have affected the emerging 36. What caused the violence at Golden Hill? conflict?

37. When the British left 6,000 redcoats in 1765, they drew a “proclamation 49. What was a militia? line”. What was this and why did this anger the colonists?

50. To what does the term “Act” refer? 38. What happened to Thomas Ditson?

39. Historically, in the eyes of the colonists, what had the authority to tax them?

What were the grievances? How are they illuminated through the homework? How is the homework material relevant to the big idea of this era of history? Consider the following way in which to look at this . . .

Removal of civil liberties and any sense of independence

Fairness of trials and evidence gathering in question Dockyard Art 1772 (Gaspee Affair) Intolerable Acts 1774 Writ of Assistance 1775 (search anywhere) Prohibited colonists from printing currency Currency Act of 1764 Ridicule Thomas Ditson (farmer), tar-and-feathered Reaction to Boston tea party was derogatory Reaction to Edenton tea party was dismissive Banned freedom to meet in groups Intolerable Acts 1774 Military presence increased / forced to house soldiers Quartering Act 1765 1765, 6000 Redcoats to colonies 1767, Redcoats moved from outskirts of town into Boston Intolerable Acts 1774 Restrictions on westward expansion and on the seas Royal Proclamation Act of 1763 another proclamation line in 1765 Intolerable Acts 1774 Restraining Act 1775 (restricted from fisheries) Taxation “No taxation without representation” Stamp Act 1765, Townsend Act 1767, Tea Act 1770 . . .

Take away elected representatives England suspects NY governor/legislature, 1767 and 1769 Intolerable Acts 1774

British troops fire upon British civilians Boston Massacre 1770 Lexington and Concord, 1775 Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill, 1775

Anti-Crown Propaganda Son’s of Liberty John Allen (minister)