June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14521 JORDAN of Idaho, McGEE, METCALF, Moss, ADJOURNMENT TO THURSDAY, James M. Sullivan, Jr., of New York, to STEVENS, and YO"UNG of North Dakota. JUNE 5, 1969 be U.S. attorney for the northern district of New York for the term of 4 years, vice Justin Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ J. Mahoney, resigning. dent, if there be no further business to U.S. MARsHM. AUTHORIZATION FOR SECRETARY come before the Senate, I move, in ac­ OF SENATE TO RECEIVE MES­ cordance with the previous order, that Frank M. Dulan, of New York, to be U.S. SAGES DURING ADJOURNMENT marshal for the northern district of New the Senate stand in adjournment until 12 York for the term of 4 years, vice James E. Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi- o'clock noon on Thursday next. Byrne, Jr., resigned. dent, I ask unanimous consent that dur­ The motion was agreed to; and (at 1 James W. Norton, Jr., of North Carolina, ing the adjournment of the Senate from o'clock and 40 minutes p.m.) the Senate to be U.S. marshal for the eastern district of the close of business today until noon, took an adjournment until 12 o'clock North Carolina for the term of 4 vears vice Thursday next, the Secretary of the Sen­ noon, Thursday, June 5, 1969. Hugh Salter. - ' ate be authorized to receive messages Walter J. Link, of North Dakota, to be from the President of the United States U.S. marshal for the district of North Dakota NOMINATIONS f·or the term of 4 years, vice Anson J. An­ and from the House of Representatives derson. and that they may be appropriately re­ Executive nominations received by the f erred. Senate May 29, 1969, under authority of the order of the Senate of May 29, 1969: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without CONFffiMATIONS objection, it is so ordered. RENEGOTIATION BOARD William Henry Harrison, Of Wyoming, to be Executive nominations confirmed by a member of the Renegotiation Board, vice the Senate June 2, 1969: AUTHORIZATION FOR COMMITI'EES Jack Beaty, resigned. ExPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES William Scholl Whitehead, of Virginia, to TO FILE REPORTS DURING AD­ be a member of the Renegotiation Board, John Conrad Clark, of North Carolina, to JOURNMENT vice Herschel C. Lovelass, resigned. be a member of the Board of Directors of the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY dent, I further ask unanimous consent Stephen Horn, of California, to be a mem­ that during the same period all commit­ ber of the Commission on Civil Rights, vice Murray L. Weidenbaum, of Missouri, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. tees be authorized to file reports, includ­ John A. Hannah, resigned. ing all minority, individual, and supple­ U.S. ATTORNEY SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION mental views. John P. Milanowski, of Michigan to be Hamer H. Budge, of Idaho, to be a member The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without U.S. attorney for the western district of of the Securities and Exchange Commission Michigan for the term of 4 years, vice Harold for the term of 5 years expiring June 5, 1974, objection, it is so ordered. D. Beaton, resigning. reappointment.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

NEW EEOC CHAIRMAN SUPPORTS dentally, will be absolutely necessary of being upgraded. This is an area of prime INCREASED POWERS TO ENFORCE when the Commission gets "cease and concern to me." CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS desist" powers. His views were the sub­ Mr. Brown, now the holder of a $38,000-a­ ject of a very informative article in the year post, may have been recalling his own father who has worked as an elevator opera­ HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS Christian Science Monitor of May 21, tor and starter in a Philadelphia depart­ OF CALIFORNIA which I include in the RECORD so that it ment store for most of the past 40 years. will be available to all concerned. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "So many times," he observed, "the busi­ article follows : nesses are willing to employ people at entry­ Monday, June 2, 1969 JOB BIAS CHIEF SETS Rl:Gm GUIDES level positions. But as you move up the (By Lya Shepard) ladder to skilled and white-collar positions, Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, equal the percentage of minority workers drops otr opportunity for all Americans is a goal WASHINGTON.-If the public can expect dramatically.'' with which I am greatly concerned. Dur­ anything from William Hill Brown ill, the In its controversial Los Angeles hearings ing this and the preceding Congress I slender, soft-spoken Philadelphia lawyer in­ sists, it is that "the law is going to be en­ this March, the EEOC found what Mr. Brown have introduced legislation to remedy a forced-vigorously and fairly." terms "horrendous examples" of such black salient weakness in Federal civil rights ceilings in the areospace and filmm.aking in­ That sort of assurance hardly makes news dustries. law-the inability of the Equal Employ­ when uttered by most federal agency heads. ment Opportunity Commission to en­ But the case of Mr. Brown is special. BARRIERS DEPLORED force its decisions. The onetime postman and taxicab driver During these hearings even the mild-man­ There is a pressing need for this legis­ has just replaced tough-talking Clifford L. nered Mr. Brown joined Mr. Alexander and lation. Millions of our citizens still suffer Alexander Jr. as chairman of the embattled Commissioner Vicente T. Ximenes in deplor­ under discriminatory employment prac­ Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ing the barriers facing blacks and Mexican­ Mr. Alexander, target of Senate conserva­ Americans. tices that while prohibited, manage to tives over alleged "harassment" of business­ "If you think you've done a good job," he survive because the relevant law has no men, never minced words in attacking job scolded one television network spokesman, teeth. As a result. these people see the bias to which minority workers were sub­ "then not only ABC but the country is in Federal commitment to equal opportu­ jected. bad shape." nity as empty, surely not a healthy situa­ By contrast, the man tapped by President Last week in a Denver speech before elec­ tion in a democratic society. Nixon to head the five-member EEOC lacks trical-power executives, the new EEOC chair­ Hopefully, a meaningful law will be the outgoing Democrat's fiery style, but not man charged that the industry was "the passed. In the meantime, we have been his fervor for civil-rights causes. worst employer of minorities of any industry During an interview in his 12th-floor of­ grouping." assured that the limited powers present­ fice near the White House, Mr. Brown indi­ The same accusation was leveled a year ago. ly available to EEOC will be vigorously cated that his sense of EEOC priorities is Since then, Mr. Brown said, "we have seen implemented. William H. Brown m, very much in line with that of Commissioner more motion than action by most of you, and the new EEOC Chairman, has forcefully Alexander. I am not disposed to see another such year indicated that despite recent political "Too many times people in business have go by." rumblings by some Members of Congress, tended to equate the idea of hiring hardcore Though Mr. Brown is a Republican ( ap­ he does not intend to soft-pedal the [unemployed) workers with "equal employ­ pointed to the EEOC by President Johnson), Commission's efforts. This is as it should ment,' " he said, gazing through a window Sen. Everett McKinley Dirksen (R) of Illinois at the Potomac and the faraway hills of sought at first to block his confirmation. A be. Virginia. meeting between the two men arranged by Mr. Brown's personal style combines "They've forgotten about the many, many Sen. Hugh Scott (R) of Pennsylvania man­ the diplomatic and legal arts that are thousands-if not the millions-who have aged to persuade the GOP floor leader to suitable to· his position, and not inci- been employed steadily at jobs without hope relent. 14522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 Today Mr. Brown would like to strengthen There being no objection, the peti­ CHEVY CHASE MARINE DIES---CAPT. JOHN L. the EEOC's structure 1n several ways. He tions were ordered to be printed in the NALLS Is Kn.LED IN VIET Am COLLISION says he has solid White House backing. "Just RECORD, as follows: WASHINGTON, May 20.--Capt. John L. Nalls, prior to the time I was sworn in," the new a Marine pilot from Chevy Chase, Md., was chairman recalled, "the President told me REPRESSION IN SAIGON AND THE FATE OF PEACE NEGOTIATIONS killed in a midair collision Sunday over the the commission would have the 100-percent South China Sea the Department of Defense support of his administration to do the job We, the undersigned University of Cali­ announced today. we were charged with doing." fornia teachers and students call your at­ Captain Nalls, who was 26, was killed when, Mr. Brown maintains that "the key thing" tention to a number of acts of political re­ as his fighter was being refueled by an air is the EEOC quest for "cease and desist" pression engineered in the past three months tanker, a helicopter crashed into the tanker. powers to back up its fact-finding efforts. by our "duly elected allies," the regime of Seven other persons were killed. The commission now must rely on the Jus­ Nguyen Van Thieu in Saigon. Some high­ He was the husband of the former Corrie tice Department's Civil Rights Division and lights include: smashing by police of a non­ van Hemert, a secretary in the ofHce of Sen­ the Labor Department's Office of Federal violent Christmas eve, 1968 Catholic peace a.tor Charles Mee. Mathias, Jr. (R., Md.). The Contract Compliance (OFCC) to enforce the procession; continuous harassment of Sai­ couple lived at 4711 Cumberland avenue. law. gon University Student Union functions and A native of Washington, Captain Nalls "It's absolutely imperative that we have long-term jailing of student leaders who graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School this power," the chairman says. He also favor an immediate cease-fire; recent sen­ there in 1960 and George Washington Uni­ hopes to coax Congress to grant a larger tencing of Thich Thien Minh, a popular versity in 1965. He played baseball in both budget and staff for EEOC investigations. Buddhist monk, and a number of young fol­ high school and college. At present, it takes the commission's field lowers to terms from three to twenty years He joined the Marine Corps in March, 1966, staff from 18 to 20 months to process a com­ hard labor. and went to OfHcers Candidate School in plaint-"much too long" in Mr. Brown's In addition to the undoubted (and hardly Quantico, Va., and then received fiight train­ opinion. new) perversions of justice and humanity in­ ing at Pensacola, Fla. A Brookings Institute report recently volved here, we consider such Saigon gov­ In addition to his wife, he is survived by suggested that the Labor Department's ernment actions to constitute a serious ob­ hi.s parents, Mr. and Mrs. James W. Nalls, OFCC should be transferred to the EEOC to struction to negotiated peace in Paris. Pres­ of Washington; three sisters, Mrs. Patricia ident Thieu knows how many Vietnamese end duplication and overlap. Mr. Brown said Dixon, of Rockville, Mrs. Janet E. Nazarian, want an immediate settlement, knows how he would favor that step only if given the of Glen Falls, N.Y., -and Mrs. Mary Lou Ba.d­ added personnel to perform the larger job. small the chances are of his surviving poli­ tically the massive readjustments implicit 1n en, of Edgewater, Md., and two brothers, CONSOLIDATION SUPPORTED such a settlement, and is determined to pre­ James W. Nalls, Jr., of Silver Spring, and "We're already running shorthanded both vent at all costs the re-emergence to his left Charles H. Nalls, of Washington. 1n terms of money and people," he explained. of a significant urban coalition that can A memorial service will be held at 3 P.M. "If we were to get any added obligations, we negotiate meaningfully with the NLF. Saturday at the Chevy Chase Presbyterian would need a substantial increase in budget By condoning Thieu's actions, the United Church. and staff." States is helping to condemn thousands more Yet the EEOC chairman admits that such Americans and Vietnamese to bloody graves. VIET BLAST Kn.LS s. M. THOMPSON-MARINE a consolidation would mufHe many of the We therefore call on President Nixon at mini­ PRIVATE DIEs AFTER BLAZE SETS OFF SHELLS red-tape complaints often voiced by busi­ mum to send an official letter of diplomatic Marine Pfc. Stephen M. Thompson. son of nessmen. protest to President Thieu regarding the Mrs. Regina Traguccio, of 4028 Southclare Before Commissioner Alexander stepped ongoing political repression. If this has no road, was k1lled by an accidental explosion down as chairman, he fired a broadside at effect, we ask the U.S. Government to con­ in Vietnam May 13, the Department of De­ the Justice Department for its slow start in sider a temporary withholding of selected fenes announced yesterday. filing "pattern or practice of resistance" suits. aid allocations to Saigon-until President Private Thompson was trying to put out a The criticism prompted Assistant Attorney Thieu perceives just how serious is the de­ trash fire when the blaze detonated some General Jerris Leonard to suggest that it sire of the American people for Peace. artillery shells. He suffered fragment wounds would be "morally wise and sound" for the Martin Z. Rivlin, Jonthan Unger, Jonthan and third degree burns of the entire body. Democrat to resign from the commission. S. Grant, Martha M. Kendall, Orville Schell, The incident occurred at a fl.re support Mr. Brown was asked to comment on Mr. David G. Marr, John M. Nicholl, Felicia Old­ base about 25 miles south of Quang Tri Leonard's remark. He responded by uphold­ father, Jeffrey G. Barlow, William S. Asper, where Private Thompson was stationed with ing "the inherent right of every public serv­ Rochelle Weintraub. the field artillery of the 3d Marine Division. ant to be critical." But he gently reproved Philip Daro, Dawn Urbais, Peter Parrish, NATIVE OF BALTIMORE Mr. Alexander in the same breath. Lance Ames, Marvin C. Borden, Paul J. Gra­ "I think both Commissioner Alexander and bcawicy, Dennis Fitzgerald, Ruben O. Col­ A native of Baltimore, Private Thompson Mr. Leonard have a right to be critical of lett, Spence Fried, Steven Miller, John graduated from Herring Run Junior High each other, if they wish,'' he said, noting at Thomas Quinn. School. the same time that his colleague's jab at the Chris Jenkins, Joseph Fischer, Daniel S. He worked in the records department of first three months of GOP civil-rights en­ Lev, Franz Schusmann, Carol Bro.sgart, David the Johns Hopkins Hospital before enlisting forcement might have been thrown too soon. J. Baker, Margaret L. Lyon, Karin Lind in the Marine Corps in September, 1967. He "The more equitable thing to do," Mr. Taylor, Fred L. Goss, Neely Karl Slinhard, had been in Vietnam since September, 1968. Brown contended, "would be to look at this Lawrence Christian. In addition to his mother, his survivors administration a year from now to find out Lucy Wren Turner, Robert ---, Brian include five sisters, Mrs. Sheila Milligan, of what it has done." Rennex, ------, Hatti Cheirjoycethere, Baltimore; Miss Mary Thompson, Miss Agnes Steven Goldfield, Leland Lena, Barbara E. Tranguccio, Miss Phyllis Tranguccio and Lena, Lee S. Bach, Roger W. Agay. Miss Toni Tra.nguccio, all at home; a. Phillis O'Donnell, Norma Jacobs, Kathleen brother, Rober:t Thompson, of Baltimore, and Gillerd, Murine Turret, Gene Goldenfeld, his maternail grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. PETITIONS CONCERNING POLITICAL David Hern, Jane Sprague, Michael Duggan, Leonard Cacano, of Baltimore. REPRESSION IN SOUTH VIETNAM Kendall Green, Pat Wolf, Rick Feinberg, Jonathan S. Grant, Rhonda Berry, Emily Bach. HON. J. W. FULBRIGHT MADISON A VENUE READIES A'ITACK OF ARKANSAS ON INFLATION IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES KILLED IN VIETNAM Monday, June 2, 1969 HON. JAMES G. O'HARA Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I HON. CLARENCE D. LONG OF MICHIGAN have received several petitions signed by OF MARYLAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a number of teachers and students at the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES University of California concerning po­ Monday, June 2, 1969 Monday, June 2, 1969 litical repression in South Vietnam. I Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, I recently understand that the petitions originated Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, read an article in the Los Angeles Times with Dr. David Marr, a lecturer in South­ Capt. John L. Nalls, and Pfc. Stephen about the Advertising Council's plans for east Asian history at the university who M. Thompson, two fine young men from an intensive, nationwide advertising served as an intelligence officer with the Maryland, were killed recently in Viet­ campaign against inflation. I looked with U.S. Marines in South Vietnam. nam. I would like to commend their great care at the dateline on the news­ I ask unanimous consent that the peti­ courage and honor their memory by in­ paper, and it said May 19, 1969. I still tions and the names of the signers be cluding the following articles in the REC­ think I may have been reading from a printed in the Extensions of Remarks. ORD: newspaper to be printed in 1984. June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14523 "The campaign," the story said, "will is "for patriotism" as all of us, indeed, income surtax, tell workers to moderate wage not tell consumers to slow down their are, and then denounces anyone who demands, or blame the Vietnam war for spending, give advice to businessmen, does not share the ultra-right wing's inflation. Instead, it "will condition the collective campaign for renewal of the income sur­ specific views on what is patriotic as be­ mind so that when something is done, they tax, tell workers to moderate wage de­ ing "against patriotism." The New Left will know it will be to their best interests," mands, or blame the Vietnam war for in­ decides that almost anything that can said Archie K. Davis, chairman of the Wach­ flation." No, Mr. Speaker, it will do none be done to end racism is "inadequate," ovia Bank and Trust Co., Winston Salem, of these things. Instead, quoting Archie and so it proceeds to denounce anyone N.C., and also chairman of the National K. Davis, chairman of the Wachovia who advocates any such steps as Chamber Foundation. Bank & Trust Co. of Winston-Salem, "racist." Now a.long comes the Advertis­ An offshoot of the U.S. Chamber of Com­ N.C., the campaign "will condition the ing Council seeking to implant in every­ merce, the foundation is paying for a five­ year economic education program prepared collective mind so that when something one's mind a laudable dislike for "infla­ by the Joint Council on Economic Education. is done, they will know it will be to their tion." and "coincidentally" along comes The Advertising Council will carry the mes­ best interests." the Nixon administration with a tax sage of that program to the public. That is about the most frightening sen­ measure it supports as "anti-inflation­ Coincidentally, this mind conditioning ef­ tence I have read this year. ary ." I will not delve into the intentions fort is getting under way at a time when The Advertising Council, a "nonprofit" of the Advertising Council, Mr. Speaker; the Nixon Admiinstration is opening its offshoot of the U.S. Chamber of Com­ I will ask only if the effect of the Ad­ campaign to win congressional approval for vertising Council's "conditioning" pro­ renewing the surtax passed last year as an merce, is going to "condition the collec­ anti-infiationary weapon. tive mind" so that when something­ gram would not be to make impossible The Administration's economic "troika," anything, I guess-is done about infla­ opposition to any proposal adequately Secretary Kennedy, Budget Director Robert tion, the "conditioned collective mind"­ ballyhooed as "anti-inflationary." P. Mayo and chief presidential economic ad­ that means you and me and our constit­ There is a splendid story told about viser Paul W. McCracken, have been invited uents, Mr. Speaker-will simply warm up Abraham Lincoln. to appear before the House Ways and Means with delight, like one of Dr. Pavlov's con­ Lincoln once asked a friend, "If we Committee Tuesday for the first time since ditioned dogs, drooling at the sound of a agree that 'dog' means 'horse,' can we they took office. say that you rode to town today on a At that time, they will plead for the Ad­ dinner bell, whether there is any food ministration's plan to continue the full 10% there or not. dog?" surtax beyond its June 30 expiration date Mr. Speaker, I agree wholly with the When his friend answered that, under until Dec. 30. It would then fall to 5% for Advertising Council that inflation is a those conditions, he could indeed agree the next six months. bad thing. But I think it is very frighten­ that he had ridden to town on a dog. Still, according to congressional sources, ing when tax-exempt funds are to be Lincoln pointed out, "I don't think so, the Administration will have a tough fight used to "condition" the American peo­ you and I can't change a horse into a on its hands to win renewal of the surtax. dog just by saying so." Some liberal members of Congress are ·in­ ple to accepting whatever they are told sisting on action to reform the tax laws be­ will fight inflation. In an age of highly sophisticated ad­ fore the surcharge is moved. But the official The newspaper story continues: vertising techniques, it becomes danger­ view is tha·t the attitude is a blind. Coincidentally, this mind conditioning ously possible to change a horse into a To counter this attitude, the Administra­ effort is getting underway at a time when dog by just saying so. In such an age, tion is beginning to step up its anti-inflation the Nixon administration is opening its proposals like that of the Advertising public relations campaign. Herbert Stein, a campaign to win congressional approval for Council are deeply disturbing indeed. member of the Council of Economic Advis­ renewing the surtax passed la.st year as an I include the article entitled "Madison ers, made a new speech on the subject anti-inflationary weapon. Thursday. Three Cabinet members, Kennedy, Avenue Readies Attack on Inflation" at Labor Secretary George P. Shultz and Com­ The newspaper reporter's use of the this point in the RECORD: merce Secretary Maurice H. Stans, made word "coincidentally" suggests he may [From the Los Angeles Times, May 19, 1969) similar pleas during the last week. not have had the experience some of us PRIVATE, FEDERAL DRIVES DoVETAIL: MADISON Previously, the Administration had con­ have had with the splendid understand­ AVENUE READIES ATTACK ON INFLATION centrated on setting what it considered the ing and rapport that exists between the (By Murray Seeger) proper policy lines for slowing down eco­ U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Adver­ nomic activity and removing inflationary WAsHINGTON.-Like litter in the streets, for­ pressures. It avoided the type of public ex­ tising Council's parent organization and est fires and automobile accidents, inflation hortations common to the Johnson Admin­ the present administration. is to be a target of a million dollar advertising istration. I do not care how anyone feels about campaign. the surtax-whether one agrees with "We have done Savings Bonds, Zip Code and Smokey the Bear," RIObert P. Keim, presi­ candidate Nixon that it ought to be re­ SERVICE TO THE BLIND pealed, or with President Nixon that it dent of the non-profit Advertising Council, reminded reporters at the White House. ought to be made permanent. That is a Now, with a budget of $8 to $10 million matter of judgment, on which honest in donated air time and print space, the Ad­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI men will differ. But I feel very deeply vertising Council will take on "infiation, OF ILLINOIS that the American people and their the current form of economic instability." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress should be left free to make up "This will be a good tough one for us," their own minds about what they want Keim said. Monday, June 2, 1969 to do about inflation, whether they want The council is a 26-year-old industry­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the to continue the surtax, or perhaps cut supported organization that conducts public Hammond, Ind., Times recently carried back on the high interest rates that have service advertising campaigns. Although Keim and a committee support­ an article telling of the unusual themselves become a major cause of cur­ ing the new project were introduced by service to the blind which my constitu­ rent increases in the high cost of living, Treasury Secretary David M. Kennedy after ents, Dr. and Mrs. Ray Sanders, of or whatever. I certainly think we should meeting with President Nixon, the council Lansing, Ill., have developed. be wary of attempts to "condition" the stressed that this is not a federal program. At a time when international and na­ public mind so that any measure that The President issued a statement in conjunc­ tional news media continually focus on is described as "anti-inflation" will get tion with the council's announcement reiter­ the radical and ruthless elements of so­ some kind of automatic knee-jerk reac­ ating his position that "we can cool inflation only if we deal with fundamentals." ciety, it is refreshing to read about a tion of approval. In addition, Mr. Nixon said, "We must curb humanitarian project of this type. One of the most dangerous trends in 'inflation psychology.' When people under­ The article follows: the politics of this Nation has been the stand what is behind the sharply rising cost GIF"T TO SPOUSE CREATES "TAPESPONDENTS" tendency-and it has been equally visible of living, they see that tax measures essential (By Edith Ladick) on the right and on the left-for a few for a strong budget are better than the cruel people to decide for themselves what tax of inflation." He said he did "indeed wel­ Little did Mrs. Raymond Sanders realize come" the advertising campaign. four years ago when she gave her husband specific measures are needed to serve a a tape recorder that the gift would com­ broadly approved goal, and then to pro­ CONDITIONING PROCESS pletely monopolize her free time and give a ceed to denounce anyone who does not The campaign will not tell consumers to new dimension to her life. accept those tactics as being against the slow down their spending, give advice to Mrs. Sanders was recently appointed as­ goal. The extremist right-wing says it businessmen, campaign for renewal of the sistant director of the newly formed Blind 14524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 and Handicapped Division of Anselm World enced the greatest growth in its 58-year DRISKILL ERA ENDING Tape Forum. Its aim is to develop friend­ history in both physical development and ships all over the world. cargo movements, going from 7 million It is part of Anselm Forum, Inc., formed HON. J. J. PICKLE 37 years ago to further human relations and ton.s 11 years ago to nearly 20 million is directed by Reuben Olson of Gary, Indiana. tons in 1969. OF TEXAS Mrs. Sanders is presently taping with 30 Mr. Speaker, I would like to pay trib­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES blind and handicapped "tapespondents." ute to Charlie Vickers for 45 years to Monday, June 2, 1969 In 1966 Dr. and Mrs. Sanders visited the dedicated service and leadership in Middle East and developed a professional building the Port of Long Beach into the Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, as a mem­ colored slide show in three 40-minute sec­ world's most modern Port. ber of the Capitol Historical Society, I tions, complete with appropriate background Charlie was born in Ethan, S. Dak. have more than a passing interest in music and commentary. Tape and slide shows preserving the history and traditions of were also developed from their 1967 trip to He came to Long Beach when he was of Spain, Portugal, and Morocco and 1968 trip high school age, attending Poly High the Nation's Capital. to Great Britain. The shows are sent all over School. This interest has quite naturally spilled the country and shown throughout the Calu­ When he first came to work in the over into a separate, but related, field. met area to clubs, churches, and schools as harbor, silt was still being dredged out There is in Austin, Tex., a building that well as in their home at 3328 S. Manor Drive. of the entrance channel from the devas­ has been a part of the history of my Dr. Sanders, who is an osteopathic physi­ district since 1886-I refer to the fabu­ cian in Schererville, designed a projection tating 1913, 1914, and 1916 .floods in room in the basement of their home where the Los Angeles River. Back then, the lous and old Driskill Hotel. This magnifi­ as many as 27 have been seated comfortably. port only had one wooden pier with two cent old building, .fittingly marked with The projection screen is hung permanently berths on it. Now it has 60 deepwater a plaque and medallion designating it in front of the room. berths. a historic Texas landmark, this fine re­ Dr. Sanders has also built a control panel During his early years in the port, minder of our past may be torn down. at the side of the projection room to operate Charlie was employed by the city and It may even be leveled and a gleaming, the lighting, slide projector, and tape recorder the Army Engineers, working on beach simultaneously. He has remodeled another antiseptic parking garage erected in the room in the basement into a tape recording erosion problems, dredging, breakwater spot where history once dwelled. studio, complete with tape library. The li­ construction, shoreline contours, and The Driskill closed today. No more brary contains tapes which are not erased. surveying. rooms are to be rented. The hotel was to Of particular interest to the blind are the From 1937 on he rose successfully from be closed earlier, but was kept open in tapes of Harold Ewins of Capetown, South surveyor, assistant harbor engineer, as­ deference to the Texas legislators and Africa. They have sounds of jungle animals, sistant general manager, and to general lobbyists who have resided there during capture of an elephant, and sea gulls :flut­ manager in 1958. tering above the water. Another are the tapes the current legislative session. But the of Nellie Sweeney, New South Wales, Aus­ Perhaps, the most dramatic way to de­ Texas Legislature said they would ad­ tralia., blind singer, organist, and composer. scribe how the port has developed over journ sine die today-and so did the S:tie plans to publish her own hymn book. the years he has served is to say that Driskill. The Sanders have made many other friends in the early days it was hard put to It is a pity. This grand old lady has been t hrough taping. After viewing a tape slide handle an 11,000-ton oil tanker drawing hostess to a President, scores of Gover­ show of Weymouth, England, they decided 25 feet of water. Today it can handle to include the area in their tour last sum­ nors, even more legislators, hordes of re­ supertankers weighing over 100,000 tons porters, lobbyists, and socialites of eight mer. A tape was sent to Eric Stillwell, over­ and drawing 50 feet of water. seas representative of the Indiana Recording decades. Club. He opened his home to them and was The Port of Long Beach's top execu­ Part of the first .floor will remain open their guide on Labor Day weekend. Mrs. tive has a broad engineering background for an indefinite period-just the essen­ Sanders contributes taped material for his and his thinking is international in mont hly taped magazine to the blind. scope. tials: The barbershop, two private clubs, Palm Banks, blind tape enthusiast in De­ By increasing the size of the port and and a few offices. But the elegant charm cat ur, Georgia, played Santa Claus at Christ­ by providing the most modern facilities of a bygone era may be lost forever. .mas for Mrs. Sanders' mother, Mrs. Olga Carl­ obtainable, it attracts more shipping. On a typical day, the Gove1nor of son. She took the many knitted socks made This increases imports and exports, Texas can be found breakfasting in the by Mrs. Carlson to the Home for Handicapped which in turn raise the annual income elegant dining room. A score of the wiser Children in Decatur. reporters are nearby waiting for some Mrs. Sanders received a let ter this week of everyone directly and indirectly in­ from Frank Senn, Jr., blind organist at the volved in world trade. big news of the day. Holiday Inn of Buffalo, New York. After hear­ This is especially true in the Pacific In the past, inaugural balls have been ing her sing on t ape, Senn wants to play the Basin area where the majority of our staged here for Gov. Preston Smith, Gov. organ on tape, send it to Mrs. Sanders, and foreign trade is generated. So in devel­ William P. Hobby, Gov. Miriam Fergu­ have her add the singing. oping the port, it has helped hundreds son, and Gov. Dan Moody. Mrs. Sanders has sung with the Merchan­ dise Mart Chorus, Trinity Evangelical Cov­ of millions of people to raise their stand­ Many a political caucus has been held enant Church Choir, and the Aristocrats of ards of living. here and much of the legislative history Song. She is an international judge and mem­ Vickers has served as a director of the of Texas written within its walls. ber of Sweet Adelines, Inc., women's barber­ Long Beach Community Hospital, Inter­ An early historian wrote: shop harmony group. national Association of Ports and Har­ Governors have walked through its lobby In addition, Mrs. Sanders is quite creative bors, Community Chest, and has been arm in arm with legislators and confidential and has numerous handcraft projects, but her president of the Los Angeles-Long Beach ad.visors on their way to conferences at which first love is serving the blind and the handi­ grave problems of state were resolved or more capped. Propeller Club, World Trade Week, and first vice president of the California As­ seriously complicated. sociation of Port Authorities. Among the historic decor of the old RETIREMENT OF CHARLES L. He was made a knight in the Order hotel are the eight mirrors which Em­ VICKERS of Leopold II by the Belgium Govern­ peror Maximilian ordered as a gift for his ment, a member of the National Defense wife, Carlotta. The gold leaf framed mir­ Executive Reserve. Local 13 of the ILWU . HON. CRAIG HOSMER honored him as the City of Hope Man rors were to hang on the walls of Chapultepec Castle in Mexico. Maximil­ OF CALIFORNIA of the Year. ian was executed and Carlotta died in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES His successor will be the port's assist­ ant general manager, Thomas J. Thor­ Europe. The mirrors now hang in the Monday, June 2, 1969 ley. We wish him well. Maximilian room, which was specially Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, on June Mr. Speaker, I would like to add my designed for them. "30, Mr. Charles L. Vickers will retire as personal congratulations to Charlie An Austin historian, Mary Starr Bark­ general manager of the Port of Long Vickers for all he has done for the port, ley, once said : Beach, a post he has held for the past 11 the city of Long Beach, the State of Cali­ Probably no place in the Austin area is years. During the time he has been in fornia, and the Nation. I wish him a more heaped with history than the Drisklll his present position, the port has experi- pleasant retirement. Hotel. June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14525 Financial troubles, which have plagued tem and urging that the monies saved by labor importation program-that it is a the hotel since its opening, have become Such Action be Spent Towards the Pro­ determined group which will :fight against too burdensome. The managers of the motion of Equal Opportunity and Social great odds until it wins. hotel would keep it open if they could, Harmony within Our Nation's Cities Mr. Speaker, I include the policy but the daily operations have become (By Messrs. Manes, Bernstein, Weiss, Mer­ statement on tax reform of the Amal­ ola, Mrs. Greitzer, Friedland, Low, Katzman, daily losses. They have treated their help Lazar, Moskowitz, Scholnick, Knigin, Lebron, gamated Meat Cutters & Butcher Work­ right, however, in closing the hotel. Over Sadowsky, Cohen, Rios, Sharlson, Thompson, men, AFL-CIO, in the RECORD: $200,000 was spent in severance pay-but Maze.) POLICY STATEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL that is little consolation for people who Whereas, The cost of the recent presiden­ EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE AMALGAMATED have invested their lives in that roman­ tial decision to deploy the Sentinel Anti­ MEAT CUTTERS AND BUTCHER WORKMEN esque structure. Missile system ls conservatively estimated at (AFL-CIO) CONCERNING TAX REFORM, APIUL For example, we might lose one of $6,000,000,000 to $7,000,000,000 and 29, 1969 Austin's finest gentlemen-Theodore Whereas, The system has provoked con­ The Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Youngblood. About 46 years ago, Young­ siderable disagreement as to both its tech­ Butcher Workmen (AFL-CIO) has long called blood became a busboy at the Driskill nical feasibility and politiNew York City Council recently received REFORM consider their tax laws and to make them a resolution, with broad sponsorship, just and equitable. (In many cases, these tax structures are even worse than the federal against the construction of the ABM. HON. JEFFERY COHELAN one. Some states and communities, in fact, The sponsors of this resolution repre­ depend largely on the tremendously retro­ sent many communities and neighbor­ OF CALIFORNIA gressive sales tax.) hoods within New York City. They re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Amalgamated recognizes that wishing spond, I believe, to the growing deter­ Monday, June 2, 1969 changes will not make them come about. Ac­ mination of the citizens of New York, tion ls necessary. Our Union has worked and and other cities, that popular expres­ Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, the will continue to work to make tax reform a sion of views on national policy must be Executive Board of the Amalgamated reality. Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen, We therefore instruct our Washington Of­ organized and efiectively directed to fice to continue the campaign for tax reform elected public officials. AFL-CIO, has issued a strong policy in collaboration with the AFL-CIO and other I welcome this initiative by New York statement on tax reform legislation. This Unions and allied Organizations. To support City and its representatives. I hope the 500,000-member food industry labor the efforts of the International Union, we Congress will respond by a decisive re­ union emphasizes the inequities in the strongly urge our Local Unions: jection of the ABM. present tax system and points out that 1. To conduct meetings and forums among The resolution follows: "it asks sacrifice of those Americans least their members and other interested citizens able to provide it." on the injustices of the present tax system RESOLUTION 1959 and the need for tax reform, and Resolution by the City Council of The City I want to congratulate the executive 2. To accelerate sharply the letter writing of New York Calling Upon the Congress board of this important union for its campaigns now underway to Congressmen of the United States to Refrain from Ap­ stand and action. I know from my past and Senators urging the speedy enactment propriating the Funds Necessary for the work with the Amalgamated-especially of thorough-going and meaningful tax re­ Deployment of the Safeguard Missile Sys- in the battle against the Mexican farm form. 14526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 ON CITIZENSHIP, PATRIOTISM I was sure that I was in favor of the protest administration. They complain because they and even violence our forefathers resorted to, can't set up the school curriculum and they and I was just as certain that I was against can't help hire and fire teachers. But what HON. W. C. (DAN) DANIEL the rioters and protesters of today. But the basic freedom is being violated here? I don't OF vmGINIA circumstances seemed similar so I had to de­ remember anywhere in the Constitution cide what justified prote!>ting and what were where I was given ·the right to choose what IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the limits to protest techniques. teachers I wanted to teach me and what I Monday, June 2, 1969 After considerable thought I came across wanted to hear them talk about. Each stu­ three basic differences between the Ameri­ dent has the choice of what college he wants Mr. DANIEL of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, can Revolution protest and many of those to attend. If he doesn't like the instructors we are all aware that violent actions and we see today. The first is the cause being or the influence of the students at any insti­ so-called nonnegotiable vocal demands fought for. In the Revolutionary War the tution he doesn't have to go there. He should of some of our young people receive cause was one of basic political freedom. The consider himself fortunate to have been ac­ widespread publicity, while all too often colonists had been taxed without having a cepted at the college of his choice and he discerning and perceptive dissertations voice in the government. They had been should abide by the rules that he asked to live by other young people get comparatively forced to feed and house toldiers placed in under as a student at that institution. the colonies against the desires of the The student revolts aren't in defense of little notice. colonists. Their commerce was restricted by any basic political freedom. A few days ago a senior from James taxes and finally by the closing by the king of The second difference is the methods used Blair High School in Williamsburg, Va., one of their harbors. They were restricted before violence was resorted to. Before the Mills A. Bradshaw, Jr., presented a pene­ from voicing their opinions about their gov­ American revolution our colonial fathers trating analysis of the general unrest be­ ernment. Basic freedoms that I wouldn't sent emissaries to the king asking him to ing evidenced by members of the younger hesitate to protest for. give them the rights of all Englishmen. They generation. The occasion for his re­ Each of these is a political freedom neces­ sent letters requesting the same. All these tary for the very existence of democratic were ignored. They sent stronger notes and marks was an assembly program at Oak principles and they aren't petty violations finally boycotted English goods. They formed Hill Academy, a small Baptist-operated of total freedom. Our society wouldn't sur­ Committees of Correspondence to explain to secondary school in Grayson County, Va. vive if we weren't able to vote at least in­ people their complaints and reasons for their Young Bradshaw's remarks were con­ directly on our taxes, if we were forced protest. Finally when the king sent troops sidered of such import the editor of the against our will to provide food and shelter against them they used force in return. local newspaper, the Galax Gazette, re­ for troops in our homeland that we didn't Generally speaking, we didn't see a simi­ printed the speech in full. I concur in the request, if we were not able to trade with lar restraint before the racial disturbances. editor's thinking and feel this young high other nations because of unbearable taxa­ Many of them began without the general school senior's remarks are deserving of tion, or if we were unable to vocally express public even knowing that a problem existed. our thoughts on our government. To my knowledge, peaceful means were often even wider distribution and include them Looking at the racial disturbances we see neglected and demands and violence were the in the RECORD: slightly different causes. The National Ad­ starting point. ON CITIZENSHIP, PATRIOTISM vitory commission on Civil Disorders blames Student revolts are often similar. They (EDITOR'S NOTE.-Last Friday at Oak Hill most of them on "frustrations of powerless­ begin by demanding specific changes and if Academy, Mills A. Bradshaw, Jr., a senior ness". In other words, many of the rioters they don't come immediately violence does. at Williamsburg's James Blair High School, felt that they couldn't change their present I have to speak in generalities here be­ spoke at the Oak Hill Academy assembly on status. They felt unable to get out of pov­ cause some of the student protests have come "Citizenship and Patriotism." He was intro­ erty, unable to gain the respect of the na­ only after exhausting any other means of duced by Richard C. Gwathmey, of Bruing­ tion, unable to get a decent job. They felt action. The same is true in many of the ton, Va., Commissioner of Revenue of King unable to get a proper education. From their racial disturbances and if we look closely and Queen County and whose daughter, Em­ frustrations they turned to violence. But even our colonial forefathers used unneces­ mi, attends Oak Hill. Because of the perti­ freedom from frustration is not a basic po­ sary violence. There was no compelling rea­ nence of the talk, The Gazette reprints it in litical freedom. Our constitution doesn't pro­ son for them to have the Boston Tea Party. full.) vide for a guaranteed good job, it doetn't They could have peacefully just refused to (By Mills A. Bradshaw) guarantee freedom from poverty, it doesn't purchase the tea rather than destroy it. Not too many months ago we read in the guarantee a good education. Our society pro­ What I'm suggesting is "Don't fight the newspaper about a group of individuals who vides the opportunity for all of these but administration; use it." If you can accom­ became dissatisfied with the conditions un­ they aren't basic political rights. plish your objective by legal, peaceful means der which they were living. It was a group Looking now at student revolts we get even don't resort to violence. The success of your of Negroes in Watts. They were living in further from basic freedoms. Most of the stu­ mission will often depend on it. Use tactics poverty and they blamed their condition on dent protests in high schools center around that won't alienate the crowd if possible. society as a whole. They demanded a change dress codes. Students complain because the Supposing I had a date this weekend and and when it didn't come they used violence. a,dministrat.ion won't allow long hair or short since I live in Norge, which is ten miles They rioted and burned and looted and skirts. They complain that their right to free­ from anything, I would need the car. Would killed. When I read about it I condemned dom of expression is being violated. Perhaps I go tip to my Dad and say, "Dad, give me them. by not too great a stretch of the imagination the car or I'll put sand in your gastank." Another time it was a group in Detroit. we can agree that total freedom of expression You can bet your life I wouldn't. Even if I When I read about their rioting I con­ ls not being allowed. This is where we have to had needed the car to go get him a birthday demned them. Another time it was a group of consider what freedoms and expressions of gift, if I go about it that way I'll never students in Berkeley, California. They were freedom are worth fighting for. get the car. Instead of that I'd use the line of dissatisfied with the role of the students. Some individuals argue that we should pro­ least resistance. "Dad, you remember Karen, They wanted a greater role in governing the mote the exercise of First Amendment rights the girl who thinks your mustache look's so campus. They protested, they demonstrated, and not merely tolerate it. In other words we neat? How about loaning me the car, so I can and they seized control of the administra­ should encourage people to do whatever can take her out this weekend? And if you want tion building. When I read about them I be justified as exercising the rights of free me to clean up the yard for you I'll be free condemned their actions. speech, free press, freedom of religion and so all Saturday morning." It happened again at Columbia University, on, and not just put up with people who do It's just common sense to use a bit of D~ke and Cornell and many more colleges this. It seems to me that this is an attitude diplomacy along the line of least resistance. across the nation. When I read of these, I cf: do everything you can get away with. The third difference is the respect each was angered at their demonstrations. An­ Just try to imagine what would happen if group gave to the rights of others. In the other time it happened at Concord in New eve~one tried to practice whatever he could American Revolution only rarely did the England. These protesters were dissatisfied justify as freedom of expression. Our soldiers colonists infringe upon the rights of others. With their government and in the end tried in Vietnam would be unable to fight because With the Boston Tea Party they destroyed to overthrow it. They protested and even the long hair would be in their eyes, we the property of some merchants whom they used gunfire to win their cause. The admin­ wouldn't have many students in school be­ didn't agree with. But for the main part they istration they were overthrowing was King cause they would all be off expressing them­ only protected their own rights. They de­ George of England and the year was 1776. selves at the beach, and our parents could be fended their homes, and only destroyed in When I read about them I couldn't condemn · expressing themselves by boozing it up in self-defense when attacked. They remained these dissenters; they founded our mighty the middle of mainstreet every night. within their own lands, they didn't disrupt nation. We certainly don't want to see how far we other lands. It was a confrontation similar to this that can stretch our rights, we just want to protect Our racial disturbances certainly didn't I came against when I met at Wllliamsburg our basic rights. If the only complaint stu­ follow this standard. The looting and burn­ with the Student Burgesses. The theme for dents have is the dress restrictions they ing that took place wasn't in protection of the conference was Patriot and Protester­ should be thankful. anyone's rights. It was a grave infringement Can we be Both? Here I was, condemning the More recently on the college level the com­ upon the rights of others. And the students dissenters of today and yet my country was plaints have centered around the fact that aren't following the rules, either. They occupy founded by disBenters in an age of protest. students don't have a major voice in school buildings, they destroy records, they block June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14527 traffic, they deface public property. What confident it will be of interest to my domestic anti-poverty programs is compel­ rights are they defending? None at all. In colleagues since it points out some of the ling-and will have to be met. The congress fact they go so far as to deny others the pitfalls embodied in the administration will have to decide the priority it wants to right to protest. Just last month we read put on postal service. And, the growing mail about some students from the University of bill we received last week regarding the load makes it urgent that the decision be Virginia who were demonstrating on the conversion of the Post Ofilce to the post­ made now. lawn of the Capitol in Richmond. In and of al service. Further complicating the proposed transfer itself this was not illegal ·although it didn't I sincerely hope my colleagues, es­ is the matter of the post office share of the gain much support for giving 18-year-olds pecially those who may have been mis­ retirement fund deficit. Who will pick up the the right to vote. The problem was that when led by some of the administration prop­ tab for it? some pages came out to demonstrate in favor aganda. will take time to study this edi­ Construction costs are immense. Even 1! of the current administration, they wouldn't the new corporatioii inherits all of the exist­ allow it. The student demonstrators attempt­ torial carefully. ing real estate, it still will be faced with a ed to tear down the banners of the pages. THE POSTAL CORPORATION huge building program to eliminate the de­ They not only wanted to exercise their rights The plan to turn the post office into a plorable old buildings and accommodate the to the fullest extent but they wanted to de­ corporation again is in the limelight. It is burgeoning mail volume. prive all others of this same right. there because it is politically expedient for In the light of all these problems, we do There's the old adage: "A friend is a friend this course of action at this time. not feel that the change to a postal corpora­ to the end of my nose." But as soon as he The needs and the problems of the post tion would be the best course of action-at steps on my rights he has lost my support. office are growing. The public is demanding least, not for the present. If more dissenters would remember this they more and better service. The postal employes would be a lot more successful and a lot are tired of poor working conditions and sub­ more popular. standard salary levels. And a lot of the things people are demon­ The Congress is in a quandary. Legislators strating for would not violate the rights of know they will face the wrath of the voters OMNES ESTES SIGNIFICANTES­ others. if they try to put through additional postage DEAN CARLSON MAKES EVERY­ Protest is justified for protection of our rate increases at this time. ONE FEEL IMPORTANT basic rights if we can't achieve our objective The easiest way for them to get rid of the peaceably and so long as we don't violate the problem is to pass it on to someone else. rights of others. The only problem is, how Thus, the postal corporation looms as a pos­ HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON do we know which rights are basic? What sible answer. we can do wii,hout violence? and what the The corporation could raise postal rates OF CALIFORNIA rights of others are? Perhaps the protesting and trim service. The public could complain, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES students think that the right to decide what but the complaints would have far less effect Monday, June 2, 1969 they want to wear and hear in class is a basic than they now have when directed at the right; maybe the poor think it's a govern­ congressmen. Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. ment responsibility to provide food, clothing Just how effective would a corporation be Speaker, for more than a quarter of a and shelter for them, maybe students don't in actually solving the problems and im­ century, Dean Wallin J. Carlson, better realize they can have an administration voice proving the service? We doubt it could con­ known to generations of students as legally by evaluating the teachers responsi­ tribute much. bly and informing the administration, may­ The basic need of the postal service is "Dean C," has served as registrar for be they don't know what restrictions there money-scads and scads of money. A switch Chico State College. In this impersonal are at college and that they can choose what to a corporate structure is not going to era of statistics, computers, and num­ college they want to attend. Maybe the poor reduce this need. On the contrary, it could bers, Dean Carlson had the warm per­ don't know that they can elect candidates to increase it substantially. sonal ability to treat people as individ­ office, receive job training, help themselves It has been the refusal of Congress to pro­ uals, as important individuals. under the present system. Maybe students vide the funds in the past which has created Dean Carlson is retiring and I want dont' know they are violating another's rights many of the problems the department faces to join his many friends in paying re­ when they destroy records, occupy buildings, today. and block traffic; maybe rioters don't know Advocates of the corporation ple.n talk of spect for the wonderful job he has done they are violating another's rights when they the need for modernization and automation. over the years and to wish him well for loot and burn. This is not a new concept. We had expert-· the future. This is where we find a job to do. If people mental post offices and "test periods" on new No better tribute to this outstanding don't know what their basic rights are, if equipment decades ago. Some of the "test man can be made than that which was they don't know how to effect a change peace. equipment" still is in the test stage because made by the Chico Enterprise-Record. ably and legally and if they don't know the the money was not available to put it into So that this may be shared with my col­ rights of others we can't expect them to act widespread use. leagues, I include the Enterprise-Record responsibly. If the corporation is unable to get the "Education makes a people easy to lead, but money from the congress, it will have to turn editorial, entitled "Ommes Estes Signifi­ difficult to drive; easy to govern but impossi­ to the only other source--the mail user. The cantes," in the RECORD at this point: ble to enslave." This is why we must educate effort to turn mall delivery from a service 0MNES ESTES SIGNIFICANTES ourselves and help to educate others. We to the public into a service which can at Down through the years, one of the hardest need this education not just in how our gov­ least break even financially is bound to bring things about going to college always has been ernment works but in all skills. Anyone who major rate hikes. "getting in." For millions of young people does receive a good education will under­ Recent testimony before a congressional 1'hroughout the nation, the period between stand his role in society, he will have the committee put the amount needed for mod­ high school graduation and actually sitting knowledge and skill necessary to obtain a ernization at five billion dollars. down in a classroom as a bona fide college good job and keep out of poverty. He won't Former deputy postmaster general Fred student has been one of great nervous strain. have reason to riot and loot and burn. If Belen summed up the problem beautifully The tension and worry always has been en­ he has a good education he will know how to in his appearance before the House Post hanced, of course, by what youngsters de­ correct evils in our society without using Office and Civil Service Committee. scribe as "the cold, impersonal, mathema.tics­ violence. like nature of the process of application, ac­ "Education makes a people easy to lead, He said: "Change of name or skeletal form but difficult to drive; easy to govern but will not result in the change or disappear­ ceptance and registration." impossible to enslave." ance of the problems which result primarily We've had youngsters who were going away from growth rates. The postal system will to college tell us: "Gee Whiz, it makes a fel­ take its problems with it regardless of where low feel like some kind of a little number in it goes, what it is called, or who heads it." a gigantic lottery. It's as if you were trying to There is no magic in a corporation plan communicate through a deep fog with some THE POSTAL CORPORATION which will answer this. If more money and sort of a machine that is regarding you with better management is the need, why not pro­ a chilly eye. Oftentimes, this initial feeling vide it within the framework of the present stays with a guy for months and months. HON. ARNOLD OLSEN structure, or at least in a modification of the Some kids never are able to lose the feeling • OF MONTANA present system? that they are considered by the institution as Congress ought to ignore the political pres­ a factor rather than a person." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sures and face up to its responsibility to Needless to say, the process can be even Monday, June 2, 1969 provide the nation with an adequate postal more nerve-wracking for exceptional cases, service. Instead, it seems to be leaning toward such as transfer students (with another in­ Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, it was most finding a convenient dumping ground to bury stitution inserted between the high school interesting to read in the June 4, 1969, the problem. and the college) and foreign students (whose issue of the Federal Times an editorial The answer is not simple. The cost of the prep work or other secondary records may entitled "The Postal Corporation." I am Vietnam War is staggering. The demand for even stem from a different nation). OX:V--915-Part 11 14528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 Surely the difl:lculties of this initial period It is not surprising, then, that word of A two-year extension, the President be­ have contributed greatly to the genera.I un­ Dean Carlson's impending retirement this lieves, will improve the management of this rest which now is sweeping many institutions year has spread among alumni throughout program by allowing longer-range planning of higher learning throughout the land. The the nation, even throughout the world, and and ma.king possible more orderly and effi­ feeling of being a "little number in a big that nostalgic and laudatory comment has cient allocation of funds. It will lead to better lottery" and the general lack of recognition begun coming in. recruiting by guaranteeing to those whose as a "person" has left thousands of students It ls appropriate that Dean Carlson's talents are needed that the commitment to less than comfortable in their campus sur­ faculty colleagues and former students deal with these problems exists. It should roundings. already a.re planning several functions to improve the potential for results by insur­ Happily, however, all the foregoing would officially record the mark he has left on ing the continuity and fiexibility that an have to be relegated to the rank of the "ex­ Chico State College in particular and on innovative agency needs. The extension will ception rather than the rule" insofar as our education in general. One such session was give greater assurance to those who initiate own Chico State College was concerned dur­ scheduled today by the Student Interna­ experiments that even though a particular ing the period in which colleges and univer­ tional Club and the MacArthur Scholarship program may not prove successful, the les­ sities boomed after World War II. Committee. sons learned will be put to use, and the larger And the credit for making Chico State a Even without such formal manifestations, effort will continue. place where "getting in" did not amount to however, the place of Wall1n J. Carlson in This ls not a commitment simply to con­ a traumatic and depersonalizing experience educational history ls secure. To faculty tinue present programs. It ls a commitment must go to an unusual educator named colleagues, students, alumni, and even to to find out what works and what does not, Wallin J. Carlson, better known to genera­ admiring townspeople, he always will be to review the performance of these programs, tions of students and alumni as "Dean Carl­ "Dean Carlson" and regarded as one of their and to utilize new knowledge. Our efforts over son" or simply "Dean C." happiest links with Chico State College. It the past years have not been as successful Dean Carlson originally came to Chico seems reasonable to say that, had there been as we might have hoped. We must develop State as an instructor in business in 1938, more like him during the past quarter cen­ more systematic approaches to identifying making him one of the two or three "true tury, higher education on a national basis the needs of the poverty population and to pioneers" insofar as current oldtimers on the might be far less a battleground than it is devising effective solutions to those needs. faculty are concerned. Within a few years today. The people served by OEO deserve this. after his arrival, however, Dean Carlson was We don't know if Dean Carlson ever The people of the Nation require it. named Registrar-and it was in that post, for adopted a motto. But it strikes us that an I believe that the Office of Economic Op­ the better part of a quarter of a century, that appropriate one might be devised from the portunity should assume the role outlined he bull t the record under which thousands philosophy he adhered to and practiced: in the President's February 19 Message--to be the innovating agency, an incubator for of students over the years were enabled to Omnes Estes Significantes-Every Person Is regard Chico State as a "college" rather than Important. new programs, devising and developing new as an institution. First impressions are of approaches to the problem of poverty. The deep importance, of course, and Dean Carl­ changes being made--the delegation of Head son and his staff made such a deep and warm Start and the Job Corps-should enable the OEO DIRECTOR RUMSFELD'S Office of Economic Opportunity to fulfill this impression of multitudes of incoming stu­ STATEMENT ON POVERTY dents that they came to regard his as "Mr. role more effectively. Organizing and man­ Chico State," and continued to do so through aging innovation in the social field is no easy their time on the campus and into their post­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER task. In developing new programs, as well as college adulthood. evaluating on-going ones, we must apply To the fresh-cheeked high school graduate OF WISCONSIN tough standards of measurement. We must IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES set our goals high-but we must also set from either a Shasta County whistle-stop or them precisely and clearly enough so that we the sophisticated neighborhood of a metro­ Monday, June 2, 1969 politan area, Dean Carlson was the one who Will know whether or not they have been Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. achieved. made the transition from prep school to Innovation will be meaningless unless it is college a procedure in which the youngster Speaker, Donald Rumsfeld, the new Di­ coupled with penetrating evaluation. We felt that he (or she) was being regarded as a rector of the Office of Economic Oppor­ must define objectives in both qualitative and person and that his case was being con­ tunity, testified this morning before the sidered across the desk or through the mails quantitative terms. We must test alterna­ by another person, a person who truly was House Committee on Education and tives, and we must be equipped to measure interested in him. Labor. progress or failure against defined goals. We must not be afraid to admit failure, for we To the veteran who was returning to His statement deserves the attention of the Congress. It is forthright, candid, may learn as much from programs which studies after time out for service in World appear to fail as from those which succeed. War II or Korea, Dean Carlson was the one and perceptive. I was pleased to find the In the same sense we must admit how who helped shake the dust from his educa­ Director call for a 2-year extension of little we know about the problems of the tional records of the past and helped him the Economic Opportunity Act. poor. The admission of a lack of knowledge undergo the intricacies of the GI Bill-and, It is my belief that Don Rumsfeld, in may be the first step toward knowledge-­ in a sense, helped him feel more comfortable his first appearance before the Congress and toward solving these problems. returning to the classroom "as a guy older I am now searching for new talent, men by several years" than his classmates. in his new role, has set a sound course for improving OEO and its operation. and women with the energy, dedication and To the foreign exchange student (in this intelligence needed to carry out the tasks realm, Dean Carlson was an innovative His statement follows: ahead-the research, planning and evalua­ pioneer), the Registrar was an understand­ STATEMENT OF HON. DONALD RUMSFELD tion necessary for improvement in these pro­ ing and helpful link between a far distant Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, grams. I am seeking people with the com­ land and the green lawns and ivy-grown I am pleased to appear before this dis­ petence to institute higher standards of op­ buildings of Chico State. Language barriers tinguished Committee on proposed amend­ eration. At the present time, some 20 of the notwithstanding, Dean Carlson somehow ments to the Economic Opportunity Act of top 59 positions in the Office of Economic managed to enable this young person to get 1964. Opportunity are vacant. off to a good start in adapting to the strange During my first week as Director, I have I am establishing a number of study teams culture of his new campus "home away from been wrestling with the details, problems, to examine some of the more critical issues. home." and prospects of t~e Office of Economic Op­ I don't anticipate that these teams will pro­ Even when enrollments began to feel the portunity. I will attempt to be as complete duce fully satisfactory answers to our ques­ brunt of the post-war "baby boom" and as possible in my responses to your questions. tions, but they will be at least help to out­ necessitate the introduction of mechaniza­ I do not presume to have all the answers, line some of the ways to get answers-some tion in the registration process, Dean Carl­ or all the information, but I am determined of the information we must have to reach son and his staff managed to maintain the to pursue the answers we all seek. A compre­ decisions. personalized attitudes so many other col­ hensive review of the OEO and its activities One issue which we must study is the rela­ leges and universities had long ago lost. This is needed, and I intend to complete it as soon tionship between the Community Action aspect of Dean Carlson's tenure was, of as possible. Agencies funded through the Office of Eco­ course, perhaps the chief hallmark of his President Nixon ls sending to the Congress nomic Opportunity and the Community ability to imbue his entire staff with interest a proposed amendment to the Economic Op­ Demonstration Agencies funded through the and zeal to match his own. portunity Act of 1964 to extend the authori­ Department of Hou.sing and Urban Develop­ Up until a year or so ago-whether he zation for appropriations from June 30, 1969 ment. Over 30 % of CAA funds are spent in went by the title of Registrar or Associate to June 30, 1971. This extension, providing the present 150 Model Cities. The need for Dean of Students in Charge of Admissions for a request for $2.048 blllion for FY 1970, close coordina.tion and cooperation between and Records--Dean Carlson played a major will furnish a sound framework for change these two programs is of a high priority to role in shaping Chico State College and, in the agency's policies and operations. More 1;he Administration. more importantly, in making the procedures comprehensive improvements, he feels, Another critical issue concerns the role of of "getting in" an easier and happier one should be made after careful study by the the states in OEO programs--How do we for the young people. new Director and the staff of the Agency. bring states into a more meaningful and June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14529

active role in programs funded through the participants that they can participate in and In a city which is now 74% Black, the omce of Economic Opportunity. OEO pro­ benefit by the change. relevance of race is even more archaic in re­ Vided some $6.5 million to fund State Eco­ To conclude, I must confess my concern porting the apprehension or conviction or nomic Opportunity omces in 1969, for tech­ at how little hard analysis of these ques­ trial of a suspect. What does it prove? nical and planning assistance to the Gov­ tions there h as been. None coUld have ex­ Yes, when a serious crime is committed ernors and local agencies. The Administra­ pected the problem of poverty to be totally and a suspect is at large, his race is indeed tion is now engaged in an intensive review of eradicated in four years. But I believe that quite relevant. But, how does the factor of the role of states in many federal activities. by this time we could h ave hoped to accu­ his race become significant after his appre­ I believe that we can find new and better mulate a useful body of knowledge about hension or his court trial? ways to involve the States in dealing with the problem and about the impact of pro­ Why not label people by religion as well­ the problems of poverty. grams now underway, and the success or J ohn Doe, Catholic; Ellen Doe, Jewish; Jo­ The Office of Economic Opportunity has failure of our efforts. I believe that the peo­ seph Jones, Protestant? Or, if the Daily been devoting roughly 28% of its resources ple of the Nation have a right to ask why News is going to be consistent, why not label to rural poverty, but there is still a lack of so little is known about the effects of these all races: thus, John Doe, Chinese; Mary sumcient information in this area, due in programs. Doe, Spanish; Albert Jones, Philippino. part to insumcient research and experimenta­ I assure this committee that I will work Perhaps the Washington Daily News be­ tion. OEO, worldng with the States, should with you to devote the agency's resources lieves that the identification of criminal sus­ be able to help to develop mechanisms for and energy to producing answers, and to at­ pects and others contributes to a healthier dealing with elements of rural poverty, such tempt to use this knowledge. The President racial cllmate and to a better understanding as scattered pockets of the poor over large has indicated the spirit in which we must between the black and white races. If the areas. I know that members of this Com­ proceed: "The men and women who will be editors so believe, of course, then one cannot mittee have expressed concern about this valued most in this Administration," he said quarrel with their decision as editors. problem and, with your support and advice, in his Message to Congress of February 19, But from the heavy volume of mail which I would hope to devote greater attention to it. "will be those who understand that not every I have continued to receive protesting the The evaluation of programs must be one of experiment succeeds, who do not cover up Daily News' practice, I am convinced that the most important activities of the omce of failures but rather lay open problems, the vast mafority of the District's Black citi­ Economic Opportunity. It appears to be one frankly and constructively, so that next time zens are deeply offended by this editorial of the most neglected. OEO has only recently we will know how to do better." practice. And since black people comprise completed the first evaluation of the national The founders of this program, some of the majority of the nation's Capital, the impact of one of its major programs. Until whom are on this Committee, clearly recog­ Daily News has placed itself in the curious last year, this Agency had no systematic proc­ nized the need for flexibility: " As conditions position of publishing a newspaper which ess for initiating and conducting evaluation. change," President Johnson stated in his ignores the expectations and personal feel­ The state-of-the-art of evaluating social pro­ Message to Congress in 1964, "and as experi­ ings of that majority. grams is still primitive. I intend to devote ence illuminates our difficulties, we will be With every good wish. more of OEO's resources to evaluation and to prepared to modify our strategy." Very truly yours, work with other federal agencies in develop­ Many of our conventional attitudes about ADAM C. POWELL. ing a more effective evaluation capability. I problems of poverty and the Office of Eco­ believe that the Congress shoUld be made nomic Opportunity ought to be re-examined. aware of the resUlts of such evaluations so The men and women to be served by this that the Legislative and Executive Branches program will not be content with words and SOVIET MARITIME STRATEGY are dealing wt th the same set of facts. gestures. Posturing cannot replace accom­ Also important is the question of delega­ plishment. tion-how best to insure that a program's We must heed the hardship and despair of HON. CRAIG HOSMER focus is preserved once direct operating re­ the poor, the deep hurt of poverty and its OF CALIFORNIA impact on individual human beings. We must sponsibility is passed to a department. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recent debate on the delegation of Job Corps build the knowledge and stamina to provide and Head Start raised such questions as: How for real gains in opportunity and human Monday, June 2, 1969 should a delegated program be monitored and dignity. The Pr~ident has made this com­ evaluated so that it continues to accomplish mitment. I join him in it. I look forward to Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the Cen­ its original goals? What, ideally, shoUld be working with this Committee on these and ter for Strategic and International Stu­ the stages of delegation or transfer? ShoUld other questions now facing the Agency. dies at Georgetown University has just the experimental activities of the program be completed an incisive study of Soviet left to OEO? How shoUld delegation relate to seapower. The 14-member panel of Amer­ transfer? ican and European experts, cochaired by It was the original intention of those who LETI'ER TO THE EDITOR OF THE Hanson Baldwin and Lawrence W. Mar­ developed the anti-poverty program that WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS tin, concluded that the Soviet Union has this process of delegation would be a means of disseminating and strengthening the pro­ developed a plan of strategic priorities grams of the otllce of Economic Opportu­ and a highly coordinated maritime pro­ nity. There has been a negative attitude HON. ADAM C. POWELL gram which challenge the basic interests toward delegation-a tendency to avoid it-­ OF NEW YORK of the world's major non-Communist because a program ready for delegation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seapowers. usually has a degree of acceptance and a Because of the timely importance of constituency, and there has been a concern Monday, June 2, 1969 this topic, I have asked that the panel's that delegation might weaken support for the OEO. The process of delegation can be Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, under findings as reported in the New York developed as a positive process. To be able leave to extend my remarks in the Times, May 30, 1969, be set forth below: to make sound decisions and defend them RECORD, I include the following: SoVIET Is FOUND BY STUDY GROUP To SEEK intelligently-decisions that really help the MAY 29, 1969. CONTROL OF WORLD'S SEAS poor-we must develop a policy for relating The EDITOR, BRUSSELS, May 28.-A panel Of American delegation to the goals and operations of The Washington Daily News, and European analysts has concluded that our programs. This is particUlarly significant Washington, D.C. the Soviet Union has embarked on a maritime in that roughly two-thirds of OEO funds DEAR Sm: As a former newspaper editor strategy of challenging the United States and will not be under the direct control of OEO. myself, I can well appreciate the wide lati­ other non-Communist sea powers for control We must find a means of fulfill1ng more tude of reportorial expression and judge­ of key areas around the Eurasian land mass. effectively the goals of community action. ment that determines both the news con­ This Soviet policy is based on the continu­ The questions being raised concern means tent of a story as well as its placement in ing expansion of the navy and merchant of achieving greater responsiveness, of the newspaper. marine, the panel noted in an analysis issued strengthening and improving performance. Whether a sensational crime story is today. The study was made by 14 analysts Much of our domestic controversy focuses placed on Page 1, Page 3 or Page 35 would assembled by the Center for Strategic and on the issue of whether a particular institu­ depend on the editorial propensities of three International Studies of Georgetown Univer­ tion-a government agency, a legislature, a d11ferent editorial points of views such as sity in Washington. university-is sumciently responsive to the the New York Daily News, The Chicago To­ The policy means that the Soviet Union needs of the time and to those it serves. The day and the New York Times. will "attempt to control the Baltic Sea, the But one practice which has diminished Black Sea and Ultimately the Meditettanean," basic strength of our system-a.nd its ca­ significantly in American reporting is the la­ the panel said. pacity to deal with poverty-5prings from belling of people involved in crimes or court "The policy also envisions," it continued, the fact that the institutions of our society cases. Years ago, most white newspapers la­ "Soviet predominance in the Sea of Japan to do change and can respond. Progress here belled people by race-today, very few do. the east, the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe Is­ lies not only in encouraging institutions to The Washington Daily News is a rare lands gap to the west, and the Indian Ocean be more responsive, but in convincing non- exception. to the south." 14530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 STRAxrS MAY BE GOAL of all my colleagues, who share my con­ seen evidence of anarchy or revolution in Control of the Bosporus and the Dar­ cern over the crisis on our campuses: America. The first time was in the late 20's danelles, through which its fleets pass to the and early 30's when, as a young boy, I heard THERE OUGHT To BE A LAw Mediterranean, is a probable objective of the people talk about changing a system of gov­ Soviet Union. (Delivered by James R. Lightfoot, general ernment that permitted people to go hungry "Beyond these goals," the panel reported, manager, WBZ Radio, and Winthrop P. in a land where food was plentiful, but "the Soviets want to gain dominant influ­ Baker, general manager, WBZ-TV) money was short. ence at several major junctions of the Campus rebellions continue to dominate Today, such talk is being heard again. Not world's seaways." The group identified these the news across the country. And as usual, from people who a.re hungry or without jobs, as the Suez Canal, the Bab el Mandeb, lead­ in times of such unrest, many people are but, surprisingly enough, from people of ing from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden, the inclined to mouth that old phrase--"There afHuence who are personally convinced and Strait of Malacca, between Malaya and Su­ ought to be a law against that sort of thing." advocate that the only way to bring about matra, and the Strait of Gibraltar. So it's no surprise that there are a host of "meaningful change" in America. ts through The panel predicts that in pursuit of these proposals for government intervention into the destruction of our educational, gov­ ends the Soviet Union w111 "mostly likely" campus affairs, a real crackdown on students. ernmental and social institutions. Regret­ try to limit and eventually stop non-Com­ We don't profess to know just how this tably, many young people, today, are not munist naval operations in areas they con­ campus mess will be straightened out. But sure, or so they say, that they want to belong sider strategically important to their plans. we're convinced of one thing. Congressional to this society. Hanson W. Baldwin, one of the panelists or legislative intervention of this sort would At the outset, then, I want to comment on and former mmtary editor of The New York be a disaster. There are ample legal means of the timely, articulate, and profound state­ Times, called "the substitution of blue water dealing with campus disorders right now. ment made to this special subcommittee by horizon for the landlocked concepts of the Police action has already been taken to clear Dr. Nathan M. Pusey, President of Harvard Soviet past" one of "the epochal events of buildings and restore order at Harvard, Dart­ University on May 8. I applaud Dr. Pusey's the 20th century" that probably insures the mouth and a number of other campuses. We statement that "very serious injury is being extension of the frictions of the first half of support this type of move as an unpleasant done to the academic enterprise" and I com­ the century to "distant seas and many con­ necessity. mend his conviction that it is the responsi­ tinents." One of the men who had to make that bility of the academic community to resolve The panel's report has been welcomed by type of decision was Harvard's Nathan Pu­ the conflict now raging on our campuses. diplomatic and political leaders of the North sey. Significantly he told a "Meet the Press" I feel compelled to say, however, that, tn Atlantic alliance. Long concerned by the audience on WBZ-TV that the answers to my judgment, there is far more at stake than growth of Soviet sea power and the apparent the crisis must come from within the uni­ just the "academic enterprise" and I question complacency and indifference with which versity itself-primarily from the faculty whether or not the academic community is the process has been viewed, they hope and students. prepared to deal with open anarchy or revolu­ the analysis will promote efforts to meet This doesn't mean that there's nothing tionary style guerrilla warfare at our educa­ it. for government to do, that there shouldn't tional institutions, should it come to that. This means, in the first instance, the be a law. But what's needed is local, state I also question if the academic community United States for the report makes clear and federal action to deal with the rot in is prepared to cope with the reaction that is that the Soviet challenge is directed first of our society-poverty, prejudice, slums and now beginning to set in as a result of the all at the United States Navy, the world's materialism. These are conditions that have disruptions and violence that have occurred largest and most powerful. angered many responsible students. They at our colleges and universities. Throughout In important categories of sea power, the have been trying to give American society a the Nation, we are witnessing what appears panel found, the Soviet Union already sur­ message it ought to listen to. Unfortunately to be a growing "citizens reaction" to this passes the United States and is gaining in much of it has been garbled by the actions turmoil. I refer, specifically, to the ever-in­ others. The Russians may have many more of a maniac minority. The university and if creasing school bond and school tax elections conventionally powered submarines, "un­ necessary "the police can deal with the trou­ going down to defeat, which is but one mani­ paralled" long-range surface-to-surface blemakers. The challenge for government is festation of what is becoming known a~ the cruise-missile systems on surface ships to defuse the anger of the responsible ma­ "taxpayers revolt." and submarines and a sizable missile­ jority-not with negative acts of repression We are also witnessing, I believe, the begin­ equipped fleet of patrol boats, the report but a positive attack on society's many ills. ning of a reaction by those students who, said. until now, have been standing on the "side­ The Soviet Union is said to be "catching lines" and watching quietly or completely up" in Polaris-type ballistic missile sub­ ignoring the destruction of their schools and marines and helicopter carriers. Its modern the disruption of their educations. Many of fleet and land-based air power in the Mediter­ VIOLENCE AND UNREST ON THE these students, and I don't think the mili­ ranean is said to pose a "major political CAMPUS tants should take them for granted much threat" to the United States Sixth Fleet. longer, are now saying: "We are the losers­ The North Atlantic Alliance acted today the militants don't care about an education"! to meet this threat when the Defense HON. DON H. CLAUSEN The overwhelming majority of our students Planning Committee agreed to organize an OF CALIFORNIA are dedicated and responsible citizens with a emergency naval force in the Mediterranean. genuine desire to acquire the best our educa­ But the ultimate force envisaged, six de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional institutions can offer. These students stroyers, is far weaker than the Soviet Monday, June 2, 1969 see how their future and their educational squadron. opportunities are jeopardized by these "rule Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, or ruin radical revolutionaries." recently, I testified before the House Spe­ Although the circumstances are much dif­ THERE OUGHT TO BE A LAW cial Committee on Education which is ferent, we have seen what happened in Com­ investigating campus violence and un­ munist China when even government­ rest. sanctioned violence got out of hand, as was the case in this instance. As a result of the HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER With the thought that my remarks thorough job the Red Guards did there, OF MASSACHUSE'ITS might be of interest to some of my col­ many of mainland China's universities are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leagues, I include them m the RECORD. still closed today. The ultimate confrontation Monday, June 2, 1969 This problem is the greatest domestic that erupted between students who wanted problem we have today. It must be an education and the rampaging Red Guards Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. brought under control immediately. My resulted in an unprecedented blood-letting. Speaker, "There Ought To Be a Law" remarks follow: At present, there is a minority (although their numbers grow daily) that has achieved was the title for a very thoughtful edi­ STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN DON H. CLAU­ torial by WBZ Radio-Television in Bos­ a signifl.can t measure of success in turning SEN BEFORE THE S?ECIAL HOUSE SUBCOM­ responsi·ble dissent into militant anarchy. Dr. ton earlier this month. Contrary to the MITTEE ON EDUCATION REGARDING CAMPUS Pusey calls them "active revolutionaries" idea conveyed by the title initially, the VIOLENCE, MAY 15, 1969 and, in my judgment, I believe we should editors maintain that Government's re­ Mr. Chairman, members of the House Spe­ accept his term because it has, indeed, be­ sponsibility in dealing with campus dis­ cial Subcommittee on Education, I sincerely come a "revolution in the making." orders is not through Federal interven­ appreciate this opportunity to briefly outline Wit~in the past sixty days, guns have been tion on the university campus, but my views and those of the majority of my used by students and police against each through the implementation of action­ constituents from the 1st District of Cali­ other on the campus. Just this week I read oriented programs to conquer the per­ fornia who, in ever increasing numbers, are a story appearing in the Sa.n Francisco Exam­ expressing their impatience and their grow­ iner titled "Get Guns, Reds Tell Berkeley vasive ills of our society which kindle ing concern over the problem of campus dis­ Militants". It describes an organization social anger and disturbance. I off er the ruptions and violence. known as the Bay Area Revolutionary Union full text of the editorial for consideration Twice in my lifetime, I•ve heard talk and as "Communist-inspired" and reports it has June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14531 circulated leaflets urging Berkeley militants public facllity or building. If it ls beyond tribute to the men who took part in the to "arm themselves with guns against the the capab111ty of local officials to control, Normandy invasion. But instead it was a police". Reportedly, the leaflet tells readers then it ls clearly in the best interest of public transparent attempt capitalize on to "reach informed groups to discuss and safety, good order, and domestic tranquility to apply the thoughts of Mao Tse-tung" I to call in those security forces necessary to their efforts to promote the rerunning of While I agree that our educational adminis­ maintain and restore order. Darryl F. Zanuck's "The Longest Day," trators have the fundamental responslbllity The f.act that present disorders are a na­ a motion picture produced a few years for maintaining order within their areas of tion-wide problem, that they involve tax­ back and now ready for re-release. jurisdiction, to date, there has been too little payer supported schools and often disrupt There may be some historical justifi­ evidence that, as a group, they a.re willing to Federally-financed programs, and that Fed­ cation for such motion pictures. But it exercise that basic responsibility or have eral criminal statutes are being violated, seems to be in bad taste to tie the mar­ demonstrated any real willingness to stand up gives the Federal government not only a. sub­ to the confrontation that threatens to de­ stantial interest in the problem, but an in­ keting of such entertainment to the gal­ stroy their institutions. And, it may be later herent responsibility to those who are "foot­ lant efforts of the men who died on than we think. ing the blll." those beaches a quarter century ago. With few exceptions, student demands have All of us in representative government are The facade fell away quickly as soon as been met with an attitude of "let's not rock anxious to see the leadership of the aca­ the first promotion spot came on the the boat". Many unreasonable and unwar­ demic community resolve campus problems. television screen, advertising the fact ranted and even non-negotiable demands But, unless they do, there ls going to be a that the motion picture "would soon be have been meekly accepted and agreed to. Too mighty outcry from the people in this coun­ often, student violence and specific violations try who are getting fed up with disorders seen at your neighborhood theater." of law have resulted in amnesty or a mere and disruptions on the campus. It is Mr. Zanuck's business when and "wrist-slapping". Unless the administrators of our educa­ how he merchandises his products. How­ It is fitting, I believe, that Bayard Rustin, tional institutions can and do restore order ever, a 60-minute commercial in prime one of the most active and ardent Negro and some semblence of discipline, then I viewing time on television stretches the civil rights leaders, should remind us that: predict that one of two things will happen. creditability that he produced this show "There ls a great irony in the demands now Either an increasing number of responsible for any reason other than making being made by black college students for and concerned citizens will demand that their money. separate black studies departments, for in elected represe:n.tatives intervene and insist essence those students are seeking to impose that educational appropriations be curtailed, The poor taste of this television pro­ upon themselves the very conditions of sep­ or they will intensify their efforts to defeat gram is only compounded by the fact it aratism and inequality against which black every school bond and school tax election was broadcast just 2 days after Memorial Americans have struggled since the era of presented to them. Day and less than a week before the Reconstruction ..." In addition, those volunteer contributors solemn 25th anniversary of this momen­ And I share Mr. Rustin's view that: "I to higher education endowments and scholar­ tous invasion. reserve my most severe criticism for those ship funds will be withholding their dona­ Such a transparent commercial effort white students and faculty members who tions. are aiding and abetting the separatist's de­ And this, in the final analysis, could achieve can only discredit the valiant deeds of mands and for those frightened administra­ what these revolutionary anarchists are try­ those who shed their blood on the tors who do not have the courage to reject ing to accomplish-the total destruction of beaches of Normandy. The lives and their demands." our educational system in this country! memories of these men are far too valu­ This ls not the summer of 1968 and it ls So, in my judgment, it has become abun­ able to be used for such crass commer­ not just academic freedom that ls at stake dantly clear that we, as a Nation, have no cialism. now! We are rapidly approaching the sum­ choice but to demand from the academic mer of 1969 and neither campus violence community a much firmer policy of control nor student revolution can any longer be over their institutions and a closer and more condoned in the name of "academic freedom" coordinated line of communication with REMARKS OF HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR or (in the current cliche) in the name of local, State, and Federal security organiza­ AT THE 75th ANNIVERSARY OF "meaningful change". tions in order to rid ourselves of these THE ST. ROCHUS LODGE, CRO­ With more and more schools closing daily, "campus destroyers" once and for all. ATIAN FRATERNAL UNION, and with more and more teachers and faculty The future of America and her educational JOHNSTOWN, PA., MAY 18, 1969 members quitting their jobs in disgust or institutions ls at stake-this emergency fear, I believe we in the Congress have a must be resolved quickly before it ls too late I responsibility to the people in this country to HON. THOMASE. MORGAN be aware of and, if necessary, to respond to the serious crisis that now exists on many of OF PENNSYLVANIA our campuses today. D-DAY REVISITED-BLATANT DIS­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Many students today are raising political, Monday, June 2, 1969 not academic, questions-yet we in the RESPECT TO THE GALLANT MEN "political arena" have, in effect, been told to WHO FOUGHT AND DIED AT NOR­ Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I come stay out of the campus turmoil. The most MANDY BEACH from a district in western Pennsylvania militant students allege that we, in govern­ where there are many Americans of Cro­ ment, are not addressing ourselves to the It is compell1ng questions of our time-yet they HON. FRANK HORTON atian extraction. a pleasure there­ in resort to public confrontations rather than OF NEW YORK fore, for me to insert the CONGRES­ communication or dialogue in an attempt to SIONAL RECORD the fine tribute to the seek solutions. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES members of the St. Rochus Lodge, Recently, Attorney General John Mitchell Monday, June 2, 1969 Croatian Fraternal Union, Johnstown, said: "I recognize that the students of today Pa., by my colleague from Pennsylvania, are an 'involved generation' who wish to tell Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, one of the bloodiest battles in the history of this the Honorable JOHN P. SAYLOR, on the us-.as strongly as possible-that they are occasion of their 75th anniversary. His dissatisfied with many aspects of American Nation was fought June 6, 1944-just 25 life ... but I must draw the line at those years ag<>--0n the beaches of Normandy remarks follow: actton.S which seriously disrupt a university in France. This was D-Day, marking the REMARKS OF HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR AT THE and which involve a substantial denial of beginning of the final drive to end the 75TH A.NN!vERSARY OF THE ST. ROCHUS rights for those students who wish to pur­ decade of tyrannical rule by Adolf Hitler. LODGE, CROATIAN FRATERNAL UNION, JOHNS­ TOWN, PA., MAY 18, 1969 sue scholarship and civility." The men who died on those now While I grant and feel strongly that our Of all American freedoms, the two most colleges and universities remain autonomous famous beaches-Omaha, Utah, Red, basic, certainly, are freedom of political ex­ in academic affairs, I too must draw the line Juno, and others--gave up their lives in pression and freedom of religion. And to when violence and criminal conduct or the hopes of creating a better world. It was Cro.atian people throughout the world these denial of basic constitutional rights are being a good and solemn thing in which they particular freedoms have a special historical practiced and tend to disrupt or deny the participated. significance. dedicated and responsible students and fac­ It is regrettable that on this anni­ Following the experience of centuries of ulty members the basic right of acquiring versary, 25 years later, some find it toll and drudgery without political power of and/or dispensing the best education our any kind, the people of the Balkans began institutions can provide. necessary to capitalize on what these to organize, politically, toward the close of In that regard, I believe violence in a brave soldiers, sailors, and airmen took the Sixteenth Century. Feudal masters were school is not unlike violence in any other part in. The television program-"D-Day taxing their hard-eamed wealth to the point institution; whether it be a factory, a labor Revisited,"-which was viewed last night of rendering every man a pauper and regu­ union hall, a sport arena, a church, or a could have been a fitting and informative lating all they did in the most oppressive 14532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 manner. The people protested, quietly at first, work of the Croatians in the Pajaro Valley torial essay on the current crisis in the then angrily. In 1573 a spontaneous peasant was "one of the most wonderful demonstra­ uprising rocked all of Croatia and in that tions of the United States," and a true credit schools. I include as a Portion of my re­ moment the Croatian political conscience to its crea.tol'B. marks the following editorial from the was born. Repressive governmental measures In the matter of a century's time, follow­ San Diego Dispatch of May 23, 1969: stamped out the peasant uprising, but could ing the arrival of the first Croatians at the BABY, You ARE NOT GOING To RUN THE not stifle the burning desire for political Ebenezer River, in Georgia, there were some ScHOOLS reform. 50 Croatian colonies throughout the land. (By Joe Holmes) The struggle for religious freedom was no Ties of race or kinship, language and culture, less drastic and no less painful and disturb­ and the need for social exchange inevitably To the militant, rebelllous students of this ing. When the Reformation movement at­ drew the Croatians together, to a remark­ country, I have a message. tracted the attention of the Croatian people, able extent. Adjustment to the New World You will not be given administrative con­ in the 1590's, it was savagely suppressed by was rendered easier where the immigrants trol of the schools you are now attending. edict of the Archduke Ferdinand, and many from the same village or district could settle You will not be allowed to violate the law Croatians fled the country in fear of their together and speak their own language, sing in pursuit of either a worthwhile or meaning­ lives, a large number settling in Prussia.. As their own songs, eat their native food, and less case. time passed however, the Prussian govern­ follow their old customs. You will not be allowed to publish school ment began to utilize oppressive measures to As noted in the matter of a century's time, publications which are permeated by filth. prevent the free expression of the people, and following the first arrival of Croatian im­ You will not be allowed to disrupt the ed­ many of the Croatian group decided once migrants in North America., there were some ucational pursuits of the majority of fine again to move on, in search of liberty and 50 Croatian settlements in existence. By the young people attending school. religious independence. Their goal became the close of the Revolutionary War there were You will not be allowed to berate, maim far-off American hinterlands, where it was more than 200. By the close of the Civil War or malign those public and school officials said that freedom really existed. the number was up to 600. At recent count, who have the courage to disagree with your One group of Croatians accompanied an ex­ the number exceeded 1,000. mass protests. pedition to the Colony of Georgia, settling From an early date the Croatian people in You will not be permitted to seize and on the Ebenezer River, there to introduce to America banded together, for many worth­ wreck school buildings as you attempt to the New World the silkworm industry. They while purposes. Predominantly wage earners, intimidaite school administrators. found that here indeed was true freedom of they understood the value of cooperation in You will not be permitted to march in religion and, comparatively speaking, free­ time of need, when jobs were scarce, when force as a guerilla tactic under the guise of dom of political expression. They wrote home sickness plagued the land, when debts plled orderly dissent. of this phenomenon and in short time other up, and when other emergenci~ prevailed. Who am I to bark these orders at you? Croatians were on the way. In addition to all this was the common back­ I am a member of the silent majority or as A port-of-call for most Croatians sa111ng to ground of everyone involved. No wonder, you would call me . . . the establishment the New World was New Orleans. Until the then, that fraternal organizations came to . . . the older generation ... those symbols middle of the Nineteenth Century this was be a feature of the Croatian American wa.y to you of decadence and decay. the chief Croatian settlement in the Country. of life. We don't do much marching. We don't do There they engaged in the oyster industry, Soon upon arriving here, the Croatian im­ much protesting. In this competitive society controlling it for many decades. Not all of migrant came to realize that when he got we work to survive. We work to keep what them were fishermen, however. With the dis­ sick there was no household group to take we have and figbrt for a bit more, whether covery of large iron and coal deposits, to the care of him as there had been in Europe. In it be a house, car, job, business, bank ac­ Northeast, shortly preceding the American America, he was dependent on the sym­ count or semblance of well-being. Revolution, many Croatians traveled up to pathy of his companions, who were not as And when any of this seems to be in dan­ Pennsylvania and Ohio and other placee close to him as his family had been. Accord­ ger, we react. where the mining industry was starting up. ingly, mutual benefit societies were estab­ We react by a different sort of march of As time passed, more ca.me, and, as the indus­ lished to provide for him in case of sickness protest than what you have developed. We try grew, so grew the Croatian communities or other difficulties. march to the real expresso house of a de­ in the mining areas. Centuries of hard physi­ At the begi.nning, the societies remained mocracy, the voting booth. merely small local organizations, but even­ That's where we tell it like is. And like it is, cal labor had fitted the Croatian people to is like this. the task, and many hundreds of them took tually a trend developed toward federation along national lines. Your organization, the Your attempts to gain voice in schools is, advantage of the fact. Out of this migration, largely, unacceptable. Johnstown came into being. Croatian Fraternal Union, is a case in point. Development of the locomotive and the es­ Chartered in 1894, it has attracted a follow­ Where there are administrators who give tablishment of the Baldwin Locomotive ing throughout the Country and stands to­ in to you, they will be replaced. Where there Works in 1831 gave steel a tremendous new day a leader in every Croatian American are schools which a.re constant ca.ldrons of community from Maine to C"allfornia. turmoil, the funds will dry up from the outlet in eastern Pennsylvania, and in short silent majority taxpayers and the silent time western Pennsylvania was equally ac­ The great strides, natural and spiritual, majority benefactors. tive. Johnstown became a major coal and made by the Croatian Fraternal Union dur­ ing this Century must be attributed, at Because of your tactics, what you hope to steel center, and from the start the Croatian achieve is going to cost you what you now people had much to do with its productive least in part, to your remarkable leadership, have. capacity. which has invariably kept in mind the in­ Baby, you are not going to run anything Croatians also were subject to the call of terests of the Croatian community, in gen­ until you grow up and only then, when adventure, and when gold was discovered in eral, and the organ.lzatl.ons membership, in you earn it. California, many of them joined in the Gold particular. The courage, initiative, industry, Rush. These advised their friends and rela­ perseverance, and foresight of their policies tives in the old country of the fortunes to be has helped to build a better Croatian Ameri­ made in mining the wonderful "shiny metal" can community in every respect. Without BREAKTHROUGH IN THE CONTROL on the Pacific Coast, and soon a host of ships such leadership, the tremendous gains of the OF INFANT MORTALITY were sa.111ng from their native shores carrying last generation would have been impossible. scores and scores of Croatian prospectors to It is a great pleasure to have been with the Golden State of California.. There, they you on this occasion, and I wish you well HON. RICHARD H. POFF found, of course, that there were far more in the knowledge that you will ever per­ OF VIRGINIA severe in the manner that has rendered prospectors than there was gold enough to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES go around, and many of them responded by the Croatian people among the outstanding returning to the ways of their fathers, taking members of American society. Monday, June 2, 1969 up again the tools of agriculture. Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, one of my Croa.tion immigrants a.re generally recog­ nized today as the pioneers of the apple, distinguished constituents, Dr. Leon J. grape, and fishing industries of California SCHOOL CRISIS Arp, professor of industrial engineering and along the whole Pacific Coast. It ts re­ College of Engineering, Virginia Poly~ corded that a Croatian apple dealer was the technic Institute, Blacksburg, Va., has first ma.n engaged in the apple business in HON. BOB WILSON made what experts in the field acknowl­ Watsonvllle, in the Pajaro Valley, in the OF CALIFO~ edge to be a major breakthrough in the 18'70't. This date marks the beginning of control of infant mortality. this universally-known industry. The author IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In Jack London described in his novel The Val­ Monday, June 2,- 1969 cooperation with authorities at ley of 'the Moon the magnificent creation of Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, the apple industry in the Pajaro Valley-an . M.r. BOB wµ.c30N. Mr: Speaker, one Va., Dr. Arp has demonstrated the util­ industry which, in London's words, trans­ of San Diego's most distinguished pub­ ity of a new respirator which he de­ formed 12,000 acres of veritable jungle into lishers, Mr. Joe Holmes of the San Diego signed. When used with special nursery an "Apple paradise." As London observed, the Dispatch, recently published a gutsy edi- techniques, the respirator has proven to June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14533 be remarkably effective in reducing the ~ved in the weight groups above 1,500 will tell everyone that what has obviously present high mortality rate for infants grams. I, of course, believe we have saved worked for the smaller infants must also im­ many in this group, but proof would be work for the larger ones. who suffer respiratory distress. The difficult to obtain. How does one really prove To this date, I have been reasonably suc­ pressive empirical data is sketched how sick a baby ls without delaying treat­ cessful in persuading the lay press not to briefty in a letter dated May 23, 1969, ment so long that only God could save him? publish what they had been able to learn addressed to me by Dr. Arp, and which The situation is entirely different, however, about this work until after we were well pub­ I quote in its entirety. for the low birth weight infants. No one de­ lished in the official medical press. I have The letter follows: nies that only about 29.3 % of the infants been forced, because of this, to make a de­ VmGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, weighing no more than 1,500 grams survive. cision on whether to work with them to try COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Likewise, the reported survival rate for those to insure the technical accuracy of what Blacksburg, Va., May 23, 1969. weighing no more than 1,000 grams has been they wm print or to let them do the best Hon. RICHARD H. POFF, a dismal 10 to l'5 % . These figures include they can on their own. Past experiences with U .S. Capitol, those infants who had no respiratory distress the lay press have been so bad in the field Washington, D.0. and survived. of medicine that I believe it would be far DEAR CONGRESSMAN POFF: Eight years ago Since the beginning of our work at Roan­ better to try to control the technical accu­ one of my infant twin sons developed some oke Memorial Hospitals we have been able racy of what ls printed by having a news respiratory distress shortly after birth. Al­ to obtain the first massive reduction in mor­ conference with prepared releases rather though he seems to have survived this dif­ tality from newborn respiratory distress in than take a chance on their usual inac­ ficulty without apparent 111 effects, I have more than 20 years. The survival rate for curacies and exaggerations. In an attempt remained concerned about the general in­ infants weighing no more than 1,500 grams, to to try to obtain a reasonable sense of ability to be able to effectively cope with all with respiratory distress, ls now 46.3 % . proportions and accuracy we are going to this problem. The survival rate for those weighing no more hold a news conference at Roanoke, Wednes­ Two years ago (June 1, 1967) a study was than 1,000 grams is now 31.6%. These figures day, May 28, 1969 in the auditorium of the started at the Roanoke Memorial Hospitals show a tremendous improvement over any Roanoke Memorial Hospital at 10:00 A.M. to in Roanoke, Virginia. to determine if a new figures reported in the past. It should be publicly announce this brekathrough and respirator, which I designed specifically to noted, in order to stay on the conservative the availab111ty to physicians of the Flying meet the special and critical requirements side, that I have not included those who Intensive Care Nursery service. A second con­ of the newborn with R.D.S., would be effec­ survived with no respiratory distress. If I ference, like the first, will be held at the tive when used with special nursery tech­ had included those infants, as was the case Plaza Hotel in New York City at 10:00 A.M., niques in reducing the present high mortal­ in the reported figures of 29.3% and 10 to May 29, 1969. ity rate for these distressed infants. The an­ 15 % , our figures would be almost unbeliev­ All of the information to be presented at swer to that question has been an unquali­ able. the news conferences has been published by fied "yes." One final comparison should be made. Medical Journals. The Journal publications I am enclosing a copy of Table 4 from our From June 1, 1965 to the beginning of our are: Anesthesia and Analgesia (May-June) paper which will appear in the (July­ study, June 1, 1967, the survival rate for 1969, and (July-Aug.) 1969. Virginia Medi­ August) issue of Anesthesia and Analgesia. infants, all with R.D.S .. and weighing 1,500 cal Monthly (May) 1969, Pennsylvania Med­ This pa.per presents the clinical applica­ grams and less at Roanoke Memorial Hospi­ icine (May) 1969, Medical Annals of the Dis­ tions of the new infant respirator. A pa.per tals was 14.4%. During this same two year trict of Columbia (May) 1969, Michigan which analyzes the speci·al requirements of interval prior to this study the survival rate Medicine (June) 1969, Journal of the Indi­ the newborn and the new respirator appears for those with R.D.S., and weighing no more ana State Medical Association (June) 1969, in the (May-June) issue of the same Jour­ than 1,000 grams was 5.9%. and the Ohio State Medical Journal (July) nal. I will forward reprints of all of our pub­ There can be no doubt or argument about 1969. lications to you just as soon as I receive what has been done for the low birth weight It is my sincere hope that this rather long them. infants. It is also very unlikely that what letter has been worth the effort and time I would like to make a few comments in has been done for the small infants would which was required to read it. If I can answer regard to the data which is presented in not also apply to those weighing more than any questions which you may have in re­ Table 4. As you know, one can never be cer­ 1,500 grams. However, with all of the vari­ gard to our work, I can be reached at 552- tain with the larger infants whether they ables involved with the larger infants, it 6574. would have survived without intervention would be nearly impossible to prove this be­ Sincerely yours, or not. Therefore, I believe it unwise to try yond any doubt for everyone, even with a LEON J. ARP, Ph.D., to show statistically that in ants have been controlled study. Common sense, however, Professor of Industrial Engineering.

TABLE 4.-SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM THE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE ARP INFANT RESPIRATOR

All weight 0 to 1,000 O to 1,500 1,001 to 1,500 1,501 to 2,000 2,001 to 2,500 over 2,500 groups combined grams grams grams grams grams grams Num!Jer Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total number of live births·- -·------·------4, 156 100. 0 ------Number with respiratory distress______200 4.8 19 9.5 41 20.5 22 11.0 38 19.0 45 22.5 76 38.0 Number with mild respiratory distress and not treated with the respira- tor (all infants in this group survived)------99 49. 5 5. 3 12. 2 4 18.2 15 39. 5 25 55.6 54 71.1 Number with more severe respiratory distress and treated with the respirator ______------_ 101 50. 5 18 94. 7 36 87. 8 18 81. 8 23 60. 5 20 44.4 22 28. 9 Number treated with the respirator to survive______73 72.3 5 27.8 14 38.9 9 50.0 21 91. 3 19 95. 0 19 86.4 Total number with respiratory distress to survive______172 86. 0 131.6 19 '46. 3 13 59. l 36 36 94. 7 44 97.8 73 96.1

1 The average survival rate for all infants, including those not in respiratory distress, weighing no 2 The average survival rate for all infants, including those not in respiratory distress, weighing no more than 1,000 grams, given by Yerushalmy, is about 15 percent (26). more than 1,500 grams, given by Yerushalmy, is about 29.3 percent (26). Note: This table includes only infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

THE SISTER IN TODAY'S COMPRE­ maculata has received a master of science or technician, must redefine her role and HENSIVE MEDICAL CENTER in nursing degree from the Catholic Uni­ function if she is to effectively fulfill both her apostolic and professional obligations. versity of America and is assistant ad­ Rapid changes in technology and in the ministrator of St. John Hospital, Steu­ basic philosophy and funding of medical and HON. WAYNE L. HAYS benville, Ohio. social care, and an awareness of overwhelm­ OF OHIO The article follows: ing and no-longer-to-be-ignored needs have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE SISTER IN TODAY'S COMPREHENSIVE prompted a major reappraisal of the goals MEDICAL CENTER and functions of various health professionals. Monday, June 2, 1969 (By Sister M. Immaculata, RN, OSF) This reappraisal has led, on the one hand, to Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, under permis­ experimentation in role expansion and role Today, the concept of the hospital center change and, on the other, to some experi­ sion to extend my remarks in the REC­ ls changing from that of an institution which ence of role confusion, discoinfort and con­ ORD, I include an article by Sister Mary provides general medical-surgical care to one cern. Immaculata entitled "The Sister in To­ which provides the broadest possible scope In reappraising her own position, the hos­ day's Comprehensive Medical Center,'' of health care and health facilities. Within pital sister should begin by evaluating her which appeared recently in the maga­ this changing system, the sister, whether she attitude toward changes in the health pro­ zine, Hospital Progress. Sister Mary Im- be an administrator, nurse, medical secretary fession. The mo~ern volupt~ry health center 14534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 presents new challenges to a sister's religious Catholic Hospital Association in February, mented progressive patient care is comprised life; the ever-increasing complexities of hos­ 1968, under the heading "Staff Nurse Experi­ of five units: an intensive care unit, for pa­ pital administration, nursing care, nursing ence for Young Religious Who Are Nurses," tients who are critically ill; an intermediate service, and other hospital services place is worth noting. The CHA Committee on care unit, for patients requiring a moderate great pressure upon her spiritual and profes­ Nursing Service recommends to major supe­ amount of nursing care; a self-care unit, for sional life. As a professional she must keep riors, administrators and directors of nurs­ patients who are either physically self-suffi­ abreast of current developments in her area ing service the following consideration: cient but still require a great deal of restora­ of work; she must act as a leader and, at the "All religious graduating from preservice tive care, or who were admitted to the hos­ same time, maintain the standards of patient nursing programs--assoclate degrees, di­ pital for diagnostic studies; long-term care ca.re and service. Urged by the Church to ploma, and baccalaureate--should be as­ unit, for patients needing prolonged or re­ greater apostolic endeavors, the hospital sis­ signed as staff nurses in their first positions in habilitative assistance, requiring the services ter, as a religious, must be far more zealous nursing. Promotional opportunities should of the hospital; and an organized home care than ever before. be considered the same as for their lay coun­ program that is hospltal-based.2 Efforts must be made to eliminate any terparts---either vertically in administrative Progressive patient care regards the in­ confiict between the sister's apostolic and positions in nursing or horizontally in clini­ dividual patient's medical and nursing needs professional obligations. Religious communi­ cal specialist positions." as the pivot of hospital services. Hence this ties should aid each sister In this task by The above recommendation was approved concept of patient care is especially suited to providing her with the means, time and edu­ by the CHA Council on Professional Practice the establishment of comprehensive medical cation necessary to fulfill these obligations. and Patient Oare in March, 1968, and by the service centers in which a wide spectrum Continuing education must be provided and CHA Board of Trustees in April, 1968. of services and facilities for both inpatients encouraged so that the sister will be prepared and outpatients are available. EVALUATE LIMITED ASSIGNMENTS to participate and contribute in a manner The concept of the clinical nurse specialist equal to or above that of her average lay The time has come when religious com­ is another suggested approach to a more ef­ counterpart. Religious community leaders are munities engaged in care of the sick must fective system of patient care. The image of responsible for providing such educational re-evaluate the traditional policy of reassign­ the professional nurse has changed from one opportunities in the form of workshops, insti­ ing a sister every six to eight years. If a sister who administers direct nursing care to one tutes, conferences, seminars, up-to-date tests, is doing a good job, is happy in doing it and who guides and administers the nursing care reference books and other resource materials. ls considered an asset to the center, she of patients. The clinical nurse specialist is to In addition, each sister must be willing to should be permitted to remain in her position. nursing what the physician specialist ls to recognize her own assets and liabilities. Like­ Often we fail to realize the amount of regres­ medicine. Her primary responsibility is qual­ wise, the religious community must take a sion that takes place when lines of continuity ity nursing care. She diagnoses the nursing personal interest in each sister and attempt and long-range as well as intermediiate plan­ needs of the patient and formulates a nurs­ to discover how she best fits into the medical ning are interrupted by replacing an in­ ing care plan for other members of the nurs­ center's work. A sister should be evaluated dividual who is considered merely "instru­ ing team. In this role, there are many possi­ according to her intellectual ability, her com­ mental." It is very doubtful that such ac­ bilities for the sister who ls a clinical nurse petence and her interests. Efforts should be tions are beneficial to the medical center specialist, as Sr. Leon Douville, DC and Sr. made to assign a sister to work in an area since additional time and money are re­ Marilyn Emminger, DC, point out in their for which she has both preparation and pref­ quired to develop job competence in an study of The Sister as a Clinical Specialist.s erence. There seems to be no obvious gain "understudy." Too often such changes prove Such possibilities cannot be overlooked by in assigning a sister to a position which expensive, and the public whom we are serv­ religious communities, who have been makes her dissatisfied and unhappy and in ing becomes the victim of higher medical ex­ searching for ways in which to use their which she can function only as an obedient penses. Sisters have a maximum responsi­ sisters to the greatest advantage both for the religious. On the contrary, those sisters who bility to seek ways to minimize such draw­ Church, the community ·and the sisters' own are properly prepared and placed in their backs. spiritual and professional development. The recommendation made above does not desired areas of work contribute greatly to PENETRATING QUESTION the successful operation of the health center. preclude the fact that the hospital sister This contribution need not be made on a key should be subject to performance evalua­ Any long-range plan which proposes or administrative level. Numerous positions tions. If she is unhappy in her position or ls change should be based on the answer to are filled effectively by the sister who per­ performing unsatisfactorily, she should be this question: "Is our primary objective to forms to the best of her abil1ty with true zeal transferred to another position in which she exercise control or influence?" Today's hos­ and personal satisfaction. can more readily meet expected require­ pital sister must answer this question in It cannot be denied that religious and ments and achieve personal satisfaction. Re­ terms CYf her philosophy, her Christian com­ laymen are equally responsible for ensuring ligious community leaders have a grave re­ mitment to people requiring health care and the most effective, comprehensive, comfort­ sponsibility to help the sister overcome the her concern for the best interests of the able and safe care to all people at a price obstacles she may encounter within the community. they can afford. Beyond t..'1is, it ls expected framework of her assignment. Modern organization of health services that the hospital sister's performance will be Because the hospital is gradually becom­ radically departs from some trad.itional pat­ an inspiration to patients, co-workers and ing a community health center, an institu­ terns. It demands that the sister become other personnel. It will be, only if it is gov­ tion able to assume the responsibility of pro­ directly involved in today's community erned by the rules, regulations and proced­ viding comprehensive health services, the health center on a level equal to or above ures which affect lay personnel. The sister hospital sister must recognize the need for that of the secular professional and along should not operate as if her religious status change. She must recognize, as well, that lines suggested by David B. Wilson, MD, di­ exempts her from adhering to the policies some Catholic hospitals have long been rector of University Hospital, Jackson, Miss., and regulations which govern all other em­ noted for their resistance to change. Yet and past president of the American Hospital ployes. change is an inevitable element in the world Association. Dr. Wilson identifies four issues Effective planning demands consistent and the essence of progress. as being particularly pertinent to hospitals regulations. Personnel policies governing sick Why must present patterns of patient­ today: manpower, reimbursement, planning leave, vacations, holidays and leaves of ab­ care services change? What factors indicate and effectiveness. The federal government is sence and fringe benefits should be the same the need for a new approach to patieut care? very active in all of these areas. Hospitals are for the sister and the layman. By such con­ The reasons are many. The demands of hos­ living in a fishbowl and must be prepared sistent professional relations with their co­ pital care are far greater today than they to reveal to the public the complete details workers, hospital sisters show their respect were a decade ago. Doctors are demanding of their operations} If those details are not for and approval of policies that are con­ closer and steadier care for their patients; in order, hospitals may be forced to face some cerned with equitable treatment of employes administrators are having difficulty getting very embarrassing revelations. Sisters, too, and effective patient care and service. enough nurses to staff even the critical must recognize the part they play in the manpower, reimbursement, planning and ef­ The principle of "convincement by in­ areas, and the cost of nursing care is rising volvement" ls applicable to the sister in the to such an extent that hospitals are finding fectiveness issues of today's medical health medical center. Sir Leslie Stephens has said, it hard to budget and balance their books. center. "The only way in which one human being Nor is the patient more content. Recent fig­ The personal needs of the hospl tal sister can properly attempt to influence another ures show he receives professional nursing can be met through her role in health serv­ ls by encouraging him to think for himself care only eight minutes of every eight hours. ice only if she is prepared to respond totally instead of endeavoring to instill ready-made The nurse is probably unhappiest of all. She and effectively to the challenge presented by opinions into his head." A program is accep­ would like to spend more time with her the health needs of society. In addition to the table only if all the persons involved are patients, but her many other responsibili­ challenges described above, she, as a religious, given a chance to participate In the planning ties do not permit it. One solution to such must commit herself to Christ's work of heal­ and· operation of the respective program.1 current problems is the concept of progres­ ing. The sponsors of a Catholic-affiliated sive patient care. Here again the religious community must health facility must commit its unified allow the sisters to be creatively active in PROGRESSIVE PATIENT CARE strength and continuity to health care. the medical center's programs and activities. Progressive patient care may be defined as Moreover, as a civic as well as Catholic health On this point, a statement issued by The the organization of facilities, services and facility, the medical center must strive to staff around the medical and nursing needs identify unmet needs and help meet them Footnotes at end of article. of the patient. A hospital that has lmple- through community effort. June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14535

APOSTOLIC AND PROFESSIONAL LIVES certain poetic license 1n this, for not very By definition, a. liberal is said to be in­ Today's hospital sisters undertake many many of us are truly free; and there are even terested primarily in individual freedom and, functions that are recognized by their com­ some of us who aren't very brave. by common consent, a conservative is more munities as integral to the sisters' apostolic The second element of my text comes, as I likely to emphasize law and order--compli­ and professional lives. Within the compre­ say, from English literature--from the poem ance with the mores and the laws of the hensive medical centers, effective interaction Herakles by Robert Browning. "A man in community. between the sisters and the employes of the armour," wrote Browning, "is his Armour's In the furtherance of the individual free­ various departments permits the philosophy slave." dom in this century, the liberal has fitted of the institution to permeate the different He does not intend it that way. He intends the individual workman into unions and has areas and levels of the medical center. At the that his armor shall protect him from harm­ fostered the growth of big government; while same time, this interaction does not prevent that it shall free him from the slings and the conservative has sought to avoid a vast the sister from being with the community at darts of his eneinies while he goes about accumulation of power in Washington and the times prescribed or from participating in smiting his opposition hip and thigh. has spoken favorably of individual liberties. the "fainily life" of the sisters. What is re­ So much for my two texts on freedom and A generation ago, in the quest for peace, quired of her are individual planning and slavery. the liberal espoused internationalism. The the willingness to function as a dedicated In this country, men for the first time cause of peace would be served, he said, if and competent member of her religious com­ were privileged to establish a government we in the United States were more concerned munity and of the health team in today's based upon the consent of the governed; about our brothers across the sea. We are all comprehensive medical center. and to seek-in the words of the Constitu­ citizens of the world, he told us; and some tion-"to form a more perfect union, estab­ conservatives used the epithet, "One World­ FOOTNOTES lish justice, insure domestic tranquility, pro­ er," as one of scorn. 1 Lewis E. Weeks and John R. Griffith, ed. vide for the common defense, promote the This conservative tended to be a national­ "Progressive Patient Care," An Anthology, general welfare, and secure the blessings of ist, and even isolationist. We were secure, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, 1964, liberty to ourselves and our posterity ..." he said, behind our moats, the Atlantic on p. 21. - That was quite an undertaking, and of one side and the Pacific on the other. He 2 Ibid, p. 35. course we haven't fully lived up to it yet. heeded to the letter Washington's farewell 3 Sister Leon Douville, DC and Sister But we're working on it. admonition about staying out of foreign al­ Marilyn Emminger, DC, The Sister n'S a Man hasn't lived up to the Ten Command­ liances. The conservative dominated our for­ Clinical SpeciaUst, St. Louis, Conference of ments, either; but we keep trying. eign policy in the 1920's and 1930's. Catholic Schools of Nursing, 1966. We believe that men are most likely to solve The liberal stood for more trade and tariffs 'David B. Wilson, MD, "Voluntary Hos­ their problems if they are free to discuss for revenue only; the conservative was prone pitals Face Critical Years," Hospital Topics, them, to find probable solutions, to test those to blame our entry into World War I on the March 1968, p. 27. solutions, and then to learn to apply what ls liberals, and he kept us out of the League of good in them while discarding what is bad. Nations. Sometimes, I hasten to add, it is difficult to Twelve Inillion of the sons of this liberal know what is good and what is bad, what is and this conservative went off to fight in THE JOURNEY AHEAD true and what is false. There was a time, I World War II; and they went to places suppose, when it was safe to judge by the their fathers had never heard of--Guadal­ appearances-but today, the woman who canal, the Murmansk Run, and Rem.agen HON. MARVIN L. ESCH looks like a dumb blonde may be, in reality, a Bridge. smart brunette. OF MICHIGAN These young men came back. They had All too often, men have rallied i;o labels, that world-wide vision that the liberals IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have wrapped themselves in the appearance had been talking about; and the United Monday, June 2, 1969 of virtue rather than in virtue itself. They States helped organize the United Nations. have been more interested in strengthening We led in the formation of the North At­ Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, to com­ their polnt of view, or-if you will-in lantic Treaty Organization. The liberals mence is to begin. Commencement cere­ strengthening their prejudices, than in :find­ purred and the conservatives fulminated monies mark the conferring of diplomas, ing what is best for our country or how they against the Marshall Plan and, a little later, the closing of a period of education and can best serve their fellow men. foreign aid. the beginning of a new chapter in the Over the years, for example, some have All these things were done in the interests lives of the recipients of the diplomas. prided themselves on their liberalism; and of collective security, and that was the key to these people have sneered at conservatives. At peace. While the liberals went merrily on Commencement addresses sometimes the same time, others have declared them­ their way, conservatives had to content them­ emphasize the closing aspect, sometimes selves to be conservatives. To them, "conserv­ selves with deploring Communist infiltra­ the beginning. Ideally, they tie the two ative" is a title of honor and it is shame­ tion into almost every department of gov­ together with a thought that enhances ful-well, almost shameful-to be a liberal. ernment. the value of what has gone before by Both of these kinds of men have wrapped The liberal, priding himself upon his tol­ relating the past to the journey ahead. themselves in the armor of a label; and they erance of change, was often scornful of this The commencement address delivered are, as Browning wrote almost a century ago, preoccupation of the conservative. For his by our colleague, JOHN N. ERLENBORN of enslaved by their own armor. part, the conservative often became so sus­ It is my privilege to serve in the House of picious of Communism that he opposed all Illinois, at St. Procopius College in his Representatives. In that place there are district, clearly falls in this category. change. drawn together 435 men and women from Each drew his label about him like armor, What he had to say, however, has mean­ every part of the country. Some are from and each became a slave to that armor. ing, I believe, not only to the students wealthy constituencies and some from poor; In the middle fifties, we sent a few hun­ who were that day graduating from col­ some are from literate constituencies and dred men to help some little country 1n lege but to us in Congress, as we con­ some from i111terate; some are from farms Asia, but it was no war. Our men were ad­ template solutions to the many problems and some from cities; some are good men visers. Nobody was much concerned when this Nation faces. and some are bad; and I cannot close this list President Kennedy increased the number of The address follows: without mentioning that some are conserva­ advisors from 750 to 15,000 in 1961 and 1962, tive and some are liberals. nor even in 1964 when we raised the number COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS AT ST. PROCOPIUS Some wear these labels only for conven­ of advisers to 23,000 and Congress approved COLLEGE BY JOHN N. ERLENBORN, MAY 25, ience and make up their minds on a basis of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. 1969 good sense; but others wear the labels as During the years 1966 and 1967 it began to I am going to refer to two texts today in armor-and they are enslaved. dawn on the liberals that collective security developing a theme about Freedom and On any controversial question-the anti­ agreements and treaties might not of them­ Slavery; and in doing so I am going to bor­ ballistic Inissile, or the boycott of grapes, or selves guarantee peace, and could lead to our row, first, from the Bible, and, second, from Federal aid to education-the armored liberal armed intervention in other parts of the English literature. first inquires-not, "What are the facts?"­ world. And about the same time conserva­ The first is one of the most famous lines he first inquires "What is the liberal posi­ tives were embracing the concept that Com­ ~rom the Bible-so famous, indeed, that many tion?" "What side are my liberal friends on?" munist Aggression and expansion could be are surprised to learn that it is in the Gos­ At the same time, the enslaved conserva­ thwarted only by credible mutual security pel according to St. John. In speaking to tive moves instinctively to the opposite agreements. some of the Jewish elders, Jesus said, "You pole--to where his fellow conservatives are. shall know the ·truth, and the truth shall Parallel evolution had taken us to the point To these people, the only thing worse than where the conservatives had become inter­ set you free." being on the wrong side of the argument is All of us want to be free, and perhaps the being in the middle. nationalists and the liberals changed to neo­ mo.st stirring line of our National An.them Now let me sketch for you a most inter­ isolationists. tells the world that we are the land of the esting journey-or, rather, pair of journeys­ Now, we began to hear eminent liberals free and the home of the brave. There is a of recent years, journeys in which the liberals reasoning that we were in a war because, in have moved from left to right, and the con­ the first instance, we had given aid to a lit­ Footnotes at end of article. servatives from right to left. tle country called South Vietnam; and may- 14536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 be we wouldn't be involved 1n that far-away proclaim. To be sure, the youngsters have not 11,000 working days at your disposal before place tf we had kept our aid to ourselves. been particularly adept at getting their you will be ready to retire at age 65. Suddenly, it was the liberal who told us message across. They might do better, now Young people! Get busy! Make the most that we cannot police the whole world. Sud­ that they have gotten our attention, if they of those days I denly, the Uberals were urging us toward a would pay more heed to good grooming, to new isolationism. well-combed hair, and to a schedule of reg­ The conservative shouted, "Win or get ular baths. LAKE OKEECHOBEE, FLA. out!" But he didn't really mean that we What I want to say is: should get out. He meant we should win. Let's not be overly concerned about labels. The liberal shouted, "Hell, no! We won't Is he a liberal? Let's not place as great im- HON. PAUL G. ROGERS go!" And strangely enough both of these portance on that as on what he has to say. people want peace. Each believes he ts point­ Is she an old fuss-budget? Let's forget her OF FLORIDA ing us toward a path of peace. age for a time and give her an opportunity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S I may be guilty of foolhardiness when I to express her point of view. Monday, June 2, 1969 suggest that we might--and let me underline Is he a hippy? But perhaps if we listen we the tentative character of my verb-we might can find something with which we can Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, have avoided this war in Vietnam if our agree--perhaps we can find some common I am today asking the Secretary of the liberals had spent a little more time listen­ ground on which we can meet. And perhaps Army to cancel a proceeding which he ing to our conservatives; and our conserva­ we can expand that common ground. personally ordered involving an applica­ tives had given some more consideration to Let us go to the root of the questions before the liberal point of view. us, concerning ourselves less with labels than tion to mine minerials from Lake President Nixon touched upon this point with the good that can be done. Okeechobee, Fla.t and rto deny the per­ in his Inaugural Address. He said, in part: Let us remember that labels change--and mit request on the grounds that the com­ "We cannot learn from one another until times change--and people change. pany no longer holds title to the we stop shouting at one another, until we You know, throughout most of my life-­ minerals. speak quietly enough so that our words can until just the past few years-the flapper has The Secretary ordered the Corps of be heard as well as our voices." been regarded as the epitome of the new Engineers to proceed with the process­ I say, be careful about shouting at your freedom for women. It was the flapper who fellow man. Inflammatory words don't often raised women's skirts so as to show her ankles ing of a permit application filed by sound the same to the listener as they do to and even the calves of her legs to her horri­ Coastal Petroleum 0-0.t to remove min­ the speaker. A label which may serve as fied elders. erals from the submerged lands under armor against having to think things I was about the age of these seniors-per­ the 700 square mile fresh water laket through may also serve as a prison which haps a little younger-when it came to me in spite of the known opposition of the prevents a man from hearing both sides or one day (and I don't mind saying it was a State government which owns title to from thinking about what's right and what's shocking revelation) that, before I was born, the lands in question, and contrary to wrong. my mother had been a flapper. We must shed this type of armour and I had al ways regarded her as old fashioned. a published official ·agreement which practice a bit of tolerance of the views of Nice, of course, but not really with it. And­ existed between the State and the Army others. You know what tolerance is. It's that let's face it--when I was 20, she was old districts having jurisdiction in Florid·a uneasy feeling that comes over you when fashioned. She was no longer the carefree area maitters. you begin to realize the other fellow may be young thing who defied the Establishment. The basis of the Coastal permit appli­ right a.fter all. Now, whether she liked it or not, she was part cation was a lease which had been In our busy and complex world, it is both and parcel of the Establishment. granted by the State over 20 years ago. easy and convenient to substitute names for I repeat, labels change, and liberals become That lease has now been canceled by thinking. It is easy to brush off a discom­ conservatives. Times change and peace be­ forting statement with a curt dismissal: comes war. People change, and flappers be­ official action of the State cabinet. "Look who's talking-just a young punk come matrons. Customs change and Catholics Coastal Petroleum no longer has a with long hair who needs a bath. He's a may now hear the Mass in English. lease on the submerged landst and there­ hippy." My friends, if we spend our time on these fore cannot mine minerals. The permit And it's convenient for a college stu­ external things-if we wrap ourselves in the request should be denied forthwith, and dent to reject the advice of his elders: "Just armor of labels, such as flapper, hippy, or the public hearing scheduled for June 12 a bunch of old fogies. They haven't had a moss-back, or Establishment--then we be­ canceled. new thought since the gay 90's." come the slaves of the wrappings and the The company may wish to contest the In this kind of world, pollce quickly be­ labels become our masters. come fascist pigs, student activists become Abraham Lincoln had this thought when lease decision in the courts. But there revolutionaries, and college presidents be­ he sent his annual message to Congi"ess in is no longer any grounds for an Army come agents of the military-industrial com­ 1862. He wrote: public hearing on an application which plex. "If there could ever be a time for mere can now be denied on the simple fact It doesn't matter what these people say, catch arguments (which is another term for that •the company does not have title to for obviously nobody needs to listen to a 1abels) that time surely is not now. In times the minerals it seeks to mine from the pig, or a revolutionary, or an agent of the like the present, men should utter nothing military-industrial complex. And as I men­ lake, until the courts may determine for which they would not willingly be re­ otherwise. If the courts reinstate the tioned a few minutes ago, no liberal needed sponsible through time and eternity." to listen to a reactionary isolationist; and lease, the company may reapply and I I am sure you seniors will know what I would hope the Army would deny the ap­ no conservative ought to consider what a mean when I say that the certificate which muddle-headed liberal might be saying. you are about to receive is only a wrapping; plication on the basis of the damage How willingly we wrap ourselves in the and the degree ls a label. Wrap yourself mining will cause to fish and wildlife, armor of labels and become its slave! in the armor of that degree, and you will flood control, and water :pollution. But Perhaps it would be well for the young­ become a sl•ave to it. as of today, there is no legal basis for the sters to listen for a while to the older peo­ On the other hand, if you use your educa­ ple; and to consider that their parents' gen­ permit application, and the Secretary eration has contributed much to the bet­ tion as a weapon to cut your way through should so order by denying the applica­ the catch arguments to discover truth, then tion without hearing. terment of the world. The material improve­ you will be free-and your 16 years of school­ ment is most often mentioned, because it is visible and measurable. I submit, how­ ing will have achieved its purpose. ever, that the generation which was born I suppose I could have said all thait I have between-let us say-1905 and 1935 and intended to convey today in a very few STEUBEN SOCIETY OF AMERICA which now ranges in age from the mid­ words-in a few short sentences: The best OBSERVES 50TH ANNIVERSARY thirties to the mid-sixties-these are the advice I can give to any young man or young people who make up what is known as the woman upon graduation is this: Keep an Establishment, and they have contributed open mind, receptive to the wisdom others grealy to the betterment of their fellow may possess regardless of the label they wear. HON. HENRY S. REUSS men. And don't allow the label placed upon you OF WISCONSIN to become your prison, for remember in your These contributions have been intellectual, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scientific, cultural, physical and even research for truth, and thait is what oul' lives spiritual. are all about, "A man in armor is his ar­ Monday, June 2, 1969 They have a right to be heard. Their words mor's s1ave." Mr. REUSS. Mr. . Speaker, this spring, need to be considered. With these precepts in mind you may be By the same token, it may be well for the successful in your search for truth "and the the Steuben Society of America is ob­ oldsters to examine some of the articles of truth shall set you free." serving its 50th anniversary. The Steu­ {aith which our young people are trying to And now I remind you that you have only ben Society was founded to further un- June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14537 dersta.ncling between Germany and the various contending ideologies and usher­ marks will be of interest to the House, ing in the great revolution for civilization America, and between Americans of Ger­ and humanity. particularly with respect to his assess­ man descent and Americans of other But the soul is not purged by pity and ment of the importance of the ROTC origins. More broadly, members of the terror except as it spiritually diges.ts the ex­ program to the readiness of our defense society have dedicated themselves to pur­ perience of them and sublimates it into new forces, I include the text of his address suit of the ideals of public service and moral values impelling new actions. Only at this time, as follows: patriotism exemplified in the life of Gen­ thus does suffering purify. REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE STANLEY eral von Steuben, the German-born mili­ There was such recognition in Churchill's R. RESOR speech on defense and the hydrogen bomb; tary adviser to George Washington who of wonderment that the abyss is still there, General Shell, Members of the Board of helped train the Continental Army and yawning with infinitely more hideous depths Visitors, Members of the Class of 1969 and who subsequently became an American than the one into which he gazed without their Parents and Friends, Ladies and Gen­ citizen. Over the years, members of the falling in 1940. He still gazes without falling. tlemen: society, in my own State of Wisconsin Interpidity is the core of his character. But I am grateful for your invitation to share he does not gaze without being profoundly this important day with you. As General and across the Nation, have compiled a Shell noted, it is a day of mixed emotions­ notable record of civic leadership and shaken. He spoke far more candidly than any other leader has done of the world in which a day that affects each of us here in quite service to those in need. The society has we find ourselves, the prime fact of which we different ways. Some are filled with nostal­ never faltered in its adherence to the prefer not to face-treating it as though it gia; others are eager with anticipation; a guiding principles of unity, tolerance, were not really a fact, but rather a Jules sense of continuity is mixed with a feeling charity, and justice. Today, those prin­ Verne popular science tale. of change. It is a time for looking forward ciples are as relevant to American life The fact, of course, is the H-bomb. And and a time for looking back. as they were when the society adopted even Churchill, who has foreseen the possi­ In the words of your most illustrious grad­ b111ties in nuclear fission since 1931, does not uate, General George Catlett Marshall, at a them in 1919. I wish to salute the Steu­ commencement address here in June of 1940 ben Society and its members for their pretend to know how it can be controlled. He said, "It may well be that by a process of "This is a day of high emotions to you me~ many accomplishments over the past 50 sublime irony, we have reached a stage tn of the graduating class; it is the culmination years, for their continuing work on be­ history where safety will be the sturdy child of your period of preparation for life. You half of national unity and international of terror, and survival the twin brother of step off this morning on your own, to make understanding, and for their contribution annihilation." your way in the world. To your parents this to the vigorous llfe of communities This is the theory of mutual possession as is a morning of profound pride and satisfac­ throughout the Nation. a deterrent. The Russians, he is convinced, tion, far beyond any such previous reactions. will not start a war as long as the United Maybe to some of them it is the moment for States has great nuclear superiority, though a sigh of profound relief. The hazards of "in three or four years or even less" the youth have not sunk your ship. You are Soviets will probably be capable (as America across the bar and safely started on your WHEN IS A DETERRENT A already is) of inflicting "crippling if not mor­ way." From those words it would appear that DETERRENT? tal injury" on any country. He thinks that at a concern for the hazards of youth is not such a point the risk of war may be less one peculiar to today's parents. "when each realizes that global war will mean As Cadet Smith has so well noted, we are HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD mutual annihilation," and the aggressor can today in a time of questioning-and the de­ OF PENNSYLVANIA count on instantaneous massive reprisals. At fense establishment is not going unnoticed. The ABM, our involvement in Vietnam the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that point, he hopes, genuine and effective disarmament may be achieved. size of the defense budget, our ove~seas Monday, June 2, 1969 It boils down to building deterrents and bases and commitments are all under close Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, one of postponing disarmament until each side will public scrutiny. I want to address today that be able to annihilate the other. Then, at last, aspect of the debate which concerns the role my constituents, Mr. K. H. Wood of that great act of conversion may occur. of ROTC in our educational institutions. Pittsburgh, has recently written to me But suppose it does not? We assure Moscow This seems a particularly appropriate time expressing his concern about many of that we wm not make a preventive war. But and place, for all of you have had ROTC the world's problems, particularly the the fact is that preventive war is the only training, and many of you have accepted missile system. logical form of war in the H-bomb era. commissions in the armed forces. I have He has enclosed an article written by The overwhelming advantage is with the chosen this subject not only because of its Dorothy Thompson which incorporates side that delivers the first "crippling, if not topical interest, but because I believe that mortal injury,'' above all, at the nuclear resolution of the issues which are involved some of the views concerning deterrents plants of the main enemy. With effective in ROTC on the campus bears on some of our expressed by the late General Eisen­ nuclear parity the deterrent of "massive re­ most vital concerns. hower and Winston Churchill after prisals" would not offset that advantage if Let me start by emphasizing the impor­ World War II. either or both sides believed war unavoidable. tance which ROTC has in our system. The Though written 14 years ago, the phi­ The "deterrent," therefore, is only in the ROTC program ts now the primary source of losophy expressed in the article is time­ goodness or badness of the human heart; officers for the active Army, and .a significant less, and I include it here in the RECORD only in the act of conversion. contributor to the officer corps of the other for the attention of my colleagues: Churchill spoke movingly of "watching Services. We plan that it will continue to be little children at their merry play and won­ But its full importance is not indicated solely [From the Post Gazette, Mar. 11, 1955] dering what would lie before them if God by counting the number of lieutenants com­ Is H-BOMB SUPERIORITY A DETERRENT OF WAR? wearied of humanity." missioned. To appreciate its importance fully (By Dorothy Thompson) But God endowed humanity with the free­ we must recognize the influential positions dom to weary of him. It will not be because to which its graduates have advanced. For NEW YORK, Mar. 10.-In reading Churchill's of God's weariness if man destroys mankind. example, there are currently 147 general sober-and, in passages, sublim~speech to officers on active duty in the Army who were the House of Commons on March 2, I recalled commissioned through the ROTC program. a talk I had with General Eisenhower in At one point both of our Field Force Head­ Paris on April 1, 1952. President Truman had quarters in Vietnam were commanded by just declared his intention not to seek the VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE lieutenant generals who started their careers presidency again and it seemed certain that GRADUATION as ROTC cadets. At another time five of our the general would do so, but he had not yet divisions in Vietnam were commanded by spoken and would not discuss political ques­ major generals with ROTC backgrounds. At tions. Instead we talked about his philosophy HON. JOHN 0. MARSH, JR. the present time, the Assistant Vice Chief of life. OF VIRGINIA of Staff of the Army, the principal military I now recall his affirmation that the world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES advisor to the Paris negotiating team, and had had no ease from tension in which fully newly appointed Deputy Commanding Gen­ to digest the "enormous and tragic" experi­ Monday, June 2, 1969 ence of World War II. That, perhaps, is the eral of our forces in Vietnam, received their commissions out of the ROTC program. root of the matter. This generation has en­ Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, the class of dured that experience without innerly eval­ 1969 of Virginia Military Institute, Lex­ This is by no means a full catalog of the uating it. One thought during the war that ington, Va., was privileged to hear, on successful ROTC graduates. But it empha­ nobody would emerge from it as he had been sizes the important contribution the ROTC Sunday, May 18, 1969, an address by the program makes to our mmtary leadership and before; that the experience of slaughtered Honorable Stanley R. Resor, Secretary millions, falling cities, unexampled brutality our national security. and unforgettable heroism, would induce a of the Army. ROTC is more than a means for procuring universal conversion, rendering insignificant Because I believe Secretary Resor's re- officers. It serves two larger goals of greater 14538 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 importance to the nation and to the men tactical war, the political war, the psycholog­ convinced of the importance of ROTC to who a.re involved. First, a.s it appeared to ical war, the economic war, the war of the the nation. It is much more than a means General Marshall when he spoke here in June military advisor and the war of the negotia­ of procuring officers for our armed forces. 1940, so it appears to us today, that for the tor. At all levels of all of these wars, from It provides those who choose, an opportunity foreseeable future we must maintain the platoon level to national level, you will find to serve their country and exercise their vital ability to provide for our national security American military officers leading, counseling, powers in the pursuit of excellence. It is a through a.n adequate defense establishment. or advising. It is thus a matter of prime con­ way to ensure that our armed forces are led Second, we must a.11 of us be prepared indi­ cern to the people of this country whether by men who a.re not only brave but who vidually to commit time and make sacrifices these Americans in uniform are equal to the have a disciplined openness of mind to sig­ in public service, both out of obligation to om tasks before them and whether they are rep­ nificant facts. It is a way to ensure that our nation and for reasons of self-fulfillment. resentative of the nation whose uniform they armed forces are led by men educated to deal Taking the first point, we have since the wear. I can assure you that they are, and with the complexities of the modern world. end of World War II based our security on I know of no better way to assure an affirma­ And it is a way to ensure that the leaders collective defense. We have learned that we tive answer to such questions in the future of our armed forces are representative of all cannot rely on a "Fortress America." Our than through continuation of ROTC. of the people of the United States. lives and our nation's welfare and well being There is a somewhat more practical rea­ It is in this broad context that I look with are inextricably tied to other free nations. son why we need to draw heavily from our such admiration on VMI. The present Corps History has taught us that it is better to universities in manning the officer corps of of Cadets has been drawn from 43 states and help those nations remain free than to have our defense system. The tasks that lie ahead 3 foreign nations. The members of this grad­ to rush to their defense as we did in World in all of our armed forces are of ever-increas­ uating class will join the ranks of the more Wars I and II. Further, the existence of an ing complexity and diversity. They will chal­ than 9,000 who have graduated from VMI open, outward-looking, humane society in lenge the best of minds, and a fair share of since it was founded 130 years ago. Those the United States depends upon the vitality such minds are needed in the uniformed graduates have established an enviable record of similar societies elsewhere. Nothing has services to meet this challenge. Some thirty and have been recognized in many ways, in­ changed to warrant a retreat to isolationism. years ago when our present general officers cluding the Medal of Honor and the Nobel We still have our commitments to aid free were commissioned, none of us could have Peace Prize. SO too, many in this graduating nations of the world in their struggle to pre­ anticipated the responsibilities they now ful­ class will . go on to distinguished careers in serve independence and live in peace. This fill. Similarly, none of us can foresee the the military service and in the public and does not mean that we have, or must as­ world in which you members of today's grad­ private sectors of civilian life. sume, the role of "world policeman." It does uating class will live and work thirty years Sixteen or more years ago you began your mean that it is in our interest to fulfill our hence. We do know, however, that to cope education. Now you have completed four commitments, for which we have already with that world our leadership must have yea.rs of arduous college studies. A founda­ paid a heavy price, to those international ar­ the benefit of a broad education, such as you tion is laid, built on your innate abilities, rangements which help to preserve world and our ROTC graduates throughout the your enthusiasm, your ideals. Now the edu­ peace. So long as we pursue those commit­ country receive. It is only with such leader­ cation of adulthood and leadership begins. ment, it is necessary to maintain a sizable ship that we can have confidence for today You go forth to serve your country in posi­ military establishment and to possess the and hope for tomorrow. tions ever more challenging and responsible. ability, if the need arises, to expand that ROTC has proven itself the most successful A great opportunity to learn and to grow and establishment. ROTC, as the principal source way to assure a broad representation of back­ to serve lies ahead of you, positions which of officers for our armed forces, is essential to grounds and philosophies in our officer ranks. afford a great opportunity for acceptance of both those goals. It is fortunate that no single institution can responsibility of which your valedictorian has I mentioned that ROTC is important also meet the Services' requirements for officers. spoken so eloquently. Here at VMI you have in that it provides a way for men both to The Army alone commissions over 15,000 made the beginning which will enable you to fulfill their obligation of service to their new officers through the ROTC program an­ seize that opportunity. The future of our na­ country as well as achieve personal fulfill­ nually. They come from all over the nation. tion, and its security, depend on your ment. The first point needs no elaboration. They are educated in some 350 different col­ achievements. I have the utmost confidence In justification of the second I remind you leges and universities and in a. wide variety in that future. of the ancient Greek conception of happi­ of academic disciplines. Thus the ROTC I know that you can say of your experi­ ness, namely, the exercise of vital powers officers entering the Services each year pro­ ence at VMI what General Marshall said: along lines of excellence in a life affording vide the best possible guarantee of a truly "This institution gave me not only a stand­ them scope. I believe that in our nation to­ representative and diverse officer corps. To be ard for my daily conduct among men, but day it is in the arena of public service where strong and healthy, our Service leadership it endowed me with a military heritage of happiness, as described by the ancient must be as varied in background as the na­ honor and self-sacrifice." Greeks, can most likely be found. Nowhere tion itself. ROTC assures that it will be. Good luck and Godspeed. is this more true than in military service. Acceptance of the importance of ROTC to The challenges of military service.and a mili­ the nation's defense and to the men it serves tary career require the exercise of all of a does not mean that the program cannot be man's vital powers, intellectual and physical. improved. Indeed, its very viability depends GEN. OMAR BRADLEY SPEAKS OUT The traditions of our military services insist on constant improvement to keep it abreast ON THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF on excellence, and the scope of concerns of of the changes occurring in the field of D-DAY the military are as broad as one can possibly education and to meet the changes occur­ envision for any single institution. ring in the military profession itself. There is another, and fundamentally im­ In recognition of the expanding fields of portant reason why we should preserve ROTC knowledge, the academic and intellectual HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE in our institutions of higher learning. As an content of the ROTC cu..'Ticula continue to OF TEXAS authority on the process of revolution has be increased. By capitalizing on improved IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pointed out, "Brave men are not uncommon instructional techniques, the time devoted in any system, but there is a tendency in to the more mechanical phases of training Monday, June 2, 1969 most systems to make courage and a disci­ continues to be reduced without loss of ef­ Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, plined openness of mind to the significant fectiveness. We do not resist change but facts, mutually exclusive." He saw in this use it for progress and improvement. We are General of the Army Omar N. Bradley, tendency the explanation for the downfall of striving to make the ROTC program reflect who was known during World War II as many nations. We can avoid this tendency, the fact that there can be a mutually re­ the "GI's General," has made some pro­ and we can ensure that our officers possess a inforcing relationship between the academic found remarks in a D-Day tribute to disciplined openness of mind to the signifi­ and military disciplines in the education of those men who gave their lives on the cant facts, only so long as they come to the the whole man. The history of VMI proves eventful day. His remarks entitled "That armed services with the best possible educa­ that it can be achieved. We May Learn To Live as Bravely as tion. The best way to do that is to draw our The ROTC program is reviewed regularly officers from our college graduates. not only by the Services but also by distin­ They Died," appeared in the Sunday­ It is not only important to the Services guished civilian educators. It is a large pro­ magazine supplement This Week for June that we keep men of breadth of vision in our gram, hosted by a multitude of autonomous 1, and I am privileged to insert it in the military establi!;!hment, it is important to the institutions. They embrace a great diversity RECORD: nation as well. Our military leadership is of educational philosophies, and their A D-DAY TRmUTE BY GENERAL OF THE ARMl' called upon to make decisions vital to us all. academic programs may differ from one col­ OMAR N . BRADLEY: ''THAT WE MAY LEARN It is thus not only desirable but necessary lege to another and within the same univer­ To LIVE AS BRAVELY AS THEY DIED" that that leadership be as enlightened and as sity. For these reasons, the program must Twenty-five years ago next Friday the larg- broad of vision as possible. Again it is to our allow latitude for harmonizing the Services' est amphibious assault in history invaded the universities where we must turn for such requirements with the colleges' require­ continent of Europe, denying the designs of men. ments. We have recently adopted policies aggressors who would covet and destroy the For example, our attention is currently which will go further toward ensuring that free world. I was there that day. I can recall fixed on the war in Vietnam. We recognize such harmony can be achieved. that mist-shrouded dawn, the camouflaged that there are several wars in Vietnam: the It is for these reasons that I am deeply LST's, the strong bodies that hurled them- June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14539 .selves across the sands and into battle on the approach bas increased from 50 percent recommended that planning agencies be Normandy beaches. in 1946 to 90 percent today the supply given the opportunity to comment on any Many of those earnest young men who left of hospital beds needed as compared to their homes to defend them returned to those specific project, but that they not have homes to live, work and worship in freedom. the available supply. These figures re­ authority to veto or override the Hill­ 'Too many never returned. They lie burled veal a tremendous success, and I believe Burton advisory agency. The report goes on the quiet cliffs overlooking Omaha Beach, it is wise that we continue in this basic on to specify that the views of the plan­ beneath rain-whipped elms in our national method. ning agency will be given "considerable -cemeteries in England, or in a hero's grave in Admittedly, there are now certain rea­ weight" by the sponsors of the projects, their home communities. Our allies, England sons for departing from the strict re­ and I believe it is important that this .and France, gave us land on which to bury quirements of the matching grant, but point be clearly stated. -0ur dead. They gave us courage and friend­ ship when our need was desperate. And they by and large these reasons do not out­ As medicine becomes more sophisti­ gave us their sons to fight side by side with weigh the entire program, and the bill cated, the question of comprehensive our own. reported by the committee recommends health planning becomes a question of We honor on this anniversary not only new programs to handle needed loan getting the most out of every available those brave soldiers who died on D-Day, but guarantees and interest subsidies. medical i·tem; it becomes a question of the generation after generation of young sons Another aspect of the traditional Hill­ coordination. With medical equipment who have had to die in conflicts visited upon Burton program is that individual proj­ and facilities becoming more specialized them by issues remote from their everyday ects within each State are subject to lives, in bitter struggles that have scarred the and expensive, it is only logical that a progress of all mankind, wasting the youth clearance by a State Hill-Burton Ad­ community of interest and cooperation and resources of all nations. visory Committee. This point has been be established among all hospitals in a We pause today to take comfort and one of the most flexible features of the given area. Before new facilities are con­ strength from those of our dead who have program, and it is one which has helped structed or modernized, a hospital should already given this nation so much. We pause to have the question of health priorities look to its neighbor to see that the course to learn-if we can-how men might live as within a State solved by those most to be followed is in fact the one which charitably together in peace as they die for knowledgeable of the facts. It has been will make the greatest overall improve­ each other in war. We pause to ask why it ls one of the best possible vehicles for that men cannot live as bravely as they die. merut in the health care available in Our lost young sons are partly the victims assuring that the States use the funds that area. of your folly, and mine. They are the victims in the way which will give the greatest This kind of coordination should be of all peace-loving peoples who turn their improvement in the State. done for all types of hospitals-public, backs on the ills of the world. And if the State Hill-Burton Boards now have private nonprofit, and governmental. United States ever stoops to expedients to the authority-and they have bad it But at the same time, I feel it is im­ avoid the dimcult decisions that come with since 1964--to transfer all or any part portant that we keep the proper perspec­ defense, we shall once again run the dangers of its funds for new hospitals and other tive between the respective importance of all h alf-way measures and waste our facility construction to modernization if strength and conscience as a force for good. and size of the comprehensive planning If we cringe from the necessity of meeting the State agency determines that the programs and the Hill-Burton program. issues boldly-with principle, resolution and purposes of the program will be better The latter has been with us for many strength-then we shall simply hurdle along served by making such transfer. This years; it has demonstrated import.ant im­ from crisis to crisis, improvising with expedi­ is another point of great flexibility in the provements in our health care; and it un­ ents, seeking inoffensive solutions, drugging existing program, and I believe it ade­ questionably is the moving force in all the nation with an illusion of security which quately responds to the challenge that Federal health programs. does not really exist. the present Hill-Burton program does The United States has matured to world For this reason, I strongly support the leadership; we must steer by the stars, not not place adequate emphasis on modern­ policy now set by the committee whereby by the lights of each passing ship. If we are ization as compared to new construction. comprehensive planning is achieved, but to scamper from crisis to crisis, fixing prin­ It is also significant that the commit­ the traditional Hill-Burton programs are ciples and policies to the whim of each day, tee has not changed the present formula also preserved. we shall place ourselves supinely and help­ for determining each State's entitlement Mr. Speaker, when H.R. 11102, the lessly at the mercy of any aggressor who under new construction funds or under Medical Facilities Construction and Mod­ might play on our public opinion and deci­ modernization funds. Under existing law, mate our resolution at will. ernization Amendments of 1969 comes In this 25th anniversary week of D-Day, grants for construction are allotted before the House this week, I am hope­ we pay homage to the strong, the weak, the among the States on a formula based on ful that it will have the strong and wide leaders, the led, the brave, the fearful-to all population and per capital income of a support of my colleagues. who perished where only God could witness State. Modernization grants are allotted their charity to their fellow men. among the States under existing laws Proudly-but reverently, sadly-we honor on the basis of population, financial need them. We pray they will ever rest in peace. and the need for modernization of the OUR NATION'S CRIME PROBLEM respective States. The committee examined these formu­ las very closely. They were the subject HON. WILLIAM D. FORD MEDICAL FACILITIES CONSTRUC- of criticism by some, but I feel that the TION AND MODERNIZATION OF MICHIGAN choice of keeping the existing formula IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AMENDMENTS OF 1969 is a good one. It has served us well since 1946, and it has given us marked im­ Monday, June 2, 1969 HON. J. J. PICKLE provement in our hospital capabilities. Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, OF TEXAS Perhaps one of the most important f ea­ I have joined with many other of my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tures considered in this new legislation is colleagues as a cosponsor of House Res­ that of balancing geographically the sup­ olution 17, a bill to create a select House Monday, June 2, 1969 ply of health facilities. Hill-Burton al­ committee to study and investigate all Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the Hill­ ready has made a significant contribu­ aspects of crime in the United States. Burton hospital construction program tion toward supplying our national hos­ My past experience, as a practicing has been one of our most outstanding pital needs, and the real problems re­ attorney and a local judge, coupled with contributions in the field of health care, maining are not now so much problems my service on the Judiciary Committee and I am proud to serve on the commit­ of adding new beds, but rather are prob­ of both the Michigan Constitution Con­ tee which has jurisdiction over it. lems of getting the maximum use of vention and the Michigan Senate before There have been several unique fea­ those we do have. The committee has I came to the U.S. House of Representa­ tures of the Hill-Burton Act which, in found that there is a greater need to bal­ tives, adds to my particular concern my view, have proven especially valu­ ance the supply of beds between rur,al about the national crime problem and able in providing bealth care. and urban areas, and in this connection our response to it. The matching grant, which has been there is an important question of the House Resolution 17 established the the mainstay of Hill-Burton for over proper role of the comprehensive State purposes of this committee to be the full two decades, has worked to assure that and area health planners. and complete investigation and study of health care is a joint venture between In an effort to get the most mileage out all aspects of crime in the United States, the Federal and State governments. This of each health dollar, the committee h.as including: 14540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 First. Its elements, causes, and ex­ sense of total frustration with crime, ad­ to deal with family disputes. Their ex­ tent; vocate actions which come close to the ample should be carefully examined in Second. The preparation, collection, measure of a repressive totalitarian so­ any effort to reduce murder rates. and dissemination of statistics thereon, ciety. Their frustration with the problem Fifteen-year-olds have the highest and the availability of reciprocity of in­ is great. They see our present effort to crime rates for any age group. The crime formation among law-enforcement agen­ deal with crime, and I am not talking rate for men is higher than it is for cies, Federal, State, and local, including only of organized crime, but crime as it women. Why? These are all dull dry exchange of information with foreign affects the average American citizen, as statistics-but we can learn from them nations; a miserable failure. They see the courts, and we should. Along with the war in Third. The adequacy of law enforce­ not as upholders of the law, but as be­ Vietnam and the need for tax reform, ment and the administration of justice, trayers of the law. crime is the biggest topic of citizen con­ including constitutional issues pertain­ Knowing this I am pleased to see es­ cern in this country. We should not be ing thereto; tablished a committee, with a distin­ afraid to ask unthinkable questions in Fourth. The effect, directly or indi­ guished and balanced composition, in­ our search for new solutions. The old rectly, of crime and disturbances in the cluding our own Congresswoman from solutions are not working and people are metropolitan urban areas; Michigan, Mrs. MARTHA GRIFFITHS. This disallusioned because of this. It is al­ Fifth. The effect, directly or indirectly, committee can take an overview of pres­ ways hard to adapt to change, but we of crime on the commerce of the Na­ ent efforts. They can examine the prob­ must, for the present crime situation is tion; lem objectively and hopefully come up just not acceptable. Sixth. The treatment and rehabilita­ with some sensible recommendations. tion of persons convicted of crimes; Crime has been with us since the dawn Seventh. Measures for the reduction, of civilization. All of our efforts have control, or prevention of crime; failed to eradicate it from our lives. FULL FUNDING FOR EDUCATION Eighth. Measures for the improvement Being realistic, I do not think that in PROGRAMS of detection of crime; law enforcement, our lifetimes we will see the end of it. including increased cooperation among Yet it can and must be controlled. Proper the agencies thereof; and the adminis­ approaches can reduce crime rates, can HON. JAMES G. O'HARA tration of justice; and eliminate the environmental conditions OF MICHIGAN Ninth. Measures and programs for in­ in which much crime breeds today, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES creased respect for the law. can return the average citizen once Monday, June 2, 1969 The prime author of this legislation, again to a certain sense of security. Mr. PEPPER, the distinguished gentleman There are many avenues of approach Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, on May 20, from Florida, has outlined the special to the problem, but I think the commit­ Mr. William Simmons, deputy superin­ areas of concern of the committee as tee should address itself first to the ones tendent of schools for Detroit, testified being crime in the District of Columbia, that we hear most frequently. Although before the Subcommittee on Appropria­ police complaints against Supreme Court I have strong reasons to doubt that Su­ tions for the Departments of Labor, and rulings on the rights of accused persons preme Court decisions such as the Mal­ Health, Education, and Welfare. His and violence on college campuses which lory, Miranda, and Wade cases are caus­ testimony related to the necessity of full involves violation of the law. ing our rise in crime rate, I think the funding for the educational programs But the whole focus of the investiga­ best way to determine that is to fully which the Congress has enacted and for tion must of necessity be the present out­ investigate the matter. Once we examine which the present administration bas cry of decent people who feel threatened the effects of these decisions I think we scheduled major budget reductions. Mr. by our rising crime rate. This includes will find that their impact on the crime Simmons' testimony speaks for itself, but inner-city residents here in Washington, rate is minimal. Yet in the uncertain I cannot refrain from adding my em­ D.C., and all across the country who world we live in I am ready to listen phatic endorsement to the paint he fear for their safety, suburbanites who and to be persuaded by the facts as they makes when he says: find their homes vandalized, add parents are developed. One can but wonder why additional dol­ who hear that crimes among our young It has been my understanding that the lars cannot be made available for educa­ people, both the privileged and the un­ vast majority of those who peripetrate tional programs for a nation so wealthy as derprivileged, are continually on the "reparted" crimes are never apprehended oqrs. It appears that funds can be found for a variety of activities that pertain to the rise. No element of our society seems to and a majority of those arrested are general welfare, except in the field of educa­ feel safe. In fact recent national statis­ never brought to trial because prosecut­ tion. Yet, it is seldom that our leaders do tics show the greatest percentage in­ ing officials cannot make a sufficient case not cite adequate education for all as the crease in crime to be occurring in the to justify bringing them to court. This basis for a more progressive and stabilized residential suburbs. leaves our courts dealing with and apply­ nation. This problem is too big to ignore any ing those Supreme Court cases to a very Indeed, Mr. Speaker, in an age when longer. It deserves the most concerted ex­ small percentage indeed of the crime we can always find a few extra billions penditure of our energies and resources rate rise we hear about. here or there to send men to the moon that we can muster. Our people are res­ The recommendations of the District or to pay for increasingly complex and tive; they are truly troubled by the prob­ of Columbia Crime Commission off er a expensive weapons systems, it is remark­ lem and they look to us for help. Some model that we would do well to study. able that we seem unwilling to provide even blame us. If we had only passed this If crime is a big business, then let us the kind of schools which are necessary or that law, if we only had overruled cer­ attack it in a big way. if we are going to have people literate tain Supreme Court decisions we would The interconnection between types of enough to fiy spaceships and man com­ not be faced with our present crime crimes deserves far more analysis. For plicated weapons. There are better rea­ problems. Certainly we must hear them example, there is strong indication that sons, I believe, than these to support full and weigh the suggestions we receive. narcotics addiction causes a rather sub­ funding for education, but even if mili­ As a citizen and a lawyer and as a stantial percentage of the crimes against tary and space hardware are our pri­ representative of the people of my con­ property, and often against the person. mary interest, education pays off in gressional district I have searched for Narcotics addicts commit crimes in order those terms, too. answers to these problems as every con­ to support a very costly "habit." Our ef­ Under unanimous consent, I include cerned citizen must. When I or anyone forts at narcotics addiction control and Mr. Simmons' testimony in full at this close to me is victimized my temper efforts to go after narcotics suppliers paint in the RECORD: shortens. Yet beyond this immediate an­ should be greatly increased-not only in gry reaction, which I think everyone has an effort to stop addiction per se, but for TESTIMONY OF Wn..LIAM SIMMONS, DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT, DETROIT PUBLIC SCHOOLS, at one time or another, we must search the resulting reduction that this will BEFORE THE U .S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTA­ for solutions that will really work if we cause in crimes such as larceny and TIVES, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, SUB­ are to get at the problem and not just burglary. COMMITTEE ON LABOR, HEALTH, EDUCATION, make a lot of noise accompanied by table Murder most often occurs between AND WELFARE, TuESDAY, MAY 20, 1969 thumping and hand wringing. family members. The New York City Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ I hear people I know to be otherwise Police Department has an exemplary mittee: I am William Simmons, Deputy Su­ decent, contributing citizens, who out of a program of special palice forces trained perintendent of Schools, Detroit, Michigan. June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14541 I am pleased to have this opportunity to ap­ The extension of the Elementary and Sec­ level provided only $121.5 million to Michi­ pear before this Committee to testify in sup­ ondary Education Act for two years represents gan, and in 1968-69 the appropriation had port of a new nationwide movement for full a step in the right direction; that direction declined to $112.5 million. The decline in funding of all educational programs. is the provision of funding assurances for the allocation to the State of Michigan, in My testimony today will be offered in two local school districts for more than one year effect, caused a shrinkage of funds in the parts. The first part will be a discussion of at a time, allowtng for more sensible plan­ local units. ESEA, Title I, has barely main­ the need for full funding of all educational ning and greater continuity in programming. tained its average allocation, and the only programs in Detroit. The second part will be Inasmuch as action in the United States Sen­ program with a constant increase over the a discussion of the need for full funding of ate on this matter is still pending, the pos­ three-year period was the impacted area pro­ the impacted area legislation, Public Laws sibill ty of a five-year extension is still hoped gram, Public Law 874. 815 and 874. All programs are fully operative for. The Nixon budget for fiscal 1970 reduces in Detroit and, combined, represent a major The school community and staff are agon­ even further the allocations for the State part of our educational expenditures. ized and perplexed with the "on again, off of Michigan, which, without question, will Before I begin my basic discussion, I would again" planning that is experienced by public mean less funds for the local educational like the Committee to know that I completely school systems. Greater understanding of agencies. A review of that budget shows that endorse the comprehensive statement made education.al planning and the solution of there Will be $3.85 million less to spend on by Carl D. Perkins, · Chairman of the House educational problems would be a result of as­ educational programs in Michigan in fiscal Labor and Education Committee, before this surances of funding for longer periods and 1970 than in the current fiscal year. body on Wednesday, May 14. This statement the more effective program.ming that could The effect of the decreases in Michigan on of the need for full funding of all educa­ take place. the Detroit Public Schools is especially sig­ tional authorizations is a. document that Education as a behavioral science must nificant, since Detroit has 16% of the total clearly details the case. The fulfillment of have the opportunity to operate long-term school population and 39 % of the children the goals enunciated rests now in the hands projects as necessary to accomplish definitive who qualify as educationally deprived under of this Appropriations Committee. results in modifications of pupil behavior. Title I programs. Should the Nixon budget PART I This longer funding assurance and program be adopted, there would be no funds for life will provide the opportunity for modifica­ ESEA, Titles II and III, or NDEA, Titles III The financial plight of the urban school tion of program elements to favor the in­ and V-A. The only programs where there districts is well known to this Committee. clusion of only those elements that show might be a possible increase in allocations The Detroit Public Schools, for example, face signs of success. This implies that more re­ to Detroit would be ESEA, Title I, Vocational a grave fiscal situation that, M not reversed, liable information about successful program Education, and Adult Education. The in­ will seriously impair the educative process components would be possible through more creases in these programs, based on the for boys and girls served by the School Dis­ carefully applied and longer lasting evalua­ statewide allocation, would be insignificant. trict of the City of Detroit. This fiscal year tive techniques. The recommendation for the elimination the school district requires an additional Where forward funding exists, it exists in of all but "A" category pupils under Public $8.4 million if a deficit is to be avoided. To only a modified way. That is, funding guar­ Law 874 would remove an allocation of ap­ begin school in September with a continua­ antees are uncertain and dependent on an­ proximately $1 million to Detroit, and almost tion of the present program, an additional nual congressional action or they are limited double that amount should the public hous­ $23.1 million will be required. Where these to a. percentage of the present funding level. ing pupils be added to the act. The point amounts, totaling $31.5 million, will come Not even is there an allowance for normal which must be made is when allocations in from is a part of the dilemma. "cost-of-the-program" increases experienced a. budget are shifted from one program to The State has been petitioned for addi­ as a result of wage and product cost in­ another without additional funds being tional funds to help meet this financial creases. Indeed, there is not the kind of as­ added to the total, urban school districts crisis. Should funds be forthcoming, it is surance that would lead to planning which suffer the most because these districts par­ probaible that there will only be some $5 mil­ can guarantee at least continuity of the ex­ ticipate fully in all of the federally funded lion made available to the City of Detroit. isting degree of service to clients from one programs. What we need in the urban school The local taxpayers, in November of 1968, year to the next. districts is full funding of all educational were asked to approve a millage increase Federal funding legislation, therefore, must programs. A table showing the effect of the with no success. This situation is typical of begin to establish forward funding state­ Nixon budget on certain of the educational the situation in most of the large city school ments Within their text which will guarantee programs in Michigan that have provided districts. The only difference is a matter of the continuity of program that leads to more substantial a.mounts to Detroit is shown in degree relating to numbers of pupils and the effective solutions to educational problems. Attachment No. 1. The allocations to De­ raite of decline in local taxation. Upon con­ The problem of inadequate appropriations troit for the ESEA programs are shown in sideration of the monetary demands that are to finance federally funded educational pro­ Attachment No. 2. Needless to say, the de­ now being made on the school district from grams is well known. Authorizations passed cline in the state allocations Will mean dis­ the community and from professional or­ by Congress are realistically recommended continuation of certain program elements ganizations, combined with existing deficits, and are based on known needs. Final appro­ in the Detroit Public Schools. it can be concluded that the f.ate of the priations, on the other hand, are almost al­ The impact of the cuts in ESEA, Titles II schools is not hopeful. ways far less than the amount originally au­ and m, NDEA. Titles III and V-A, and LSCA, In the midst of fiscal crisis, federal fund­ thorized. This immediately indicates that ex­ Title I, were described by Dr. Ira Polley, State ing from such pieces of legislation as the isting needs Will be met only to a limited of Michigan Superintendent of Public In­ Elementary and Secondary Education Act extent. At no time during the operation of struction, in a letter to all members of the has provided the only monies that the Detroit the Elementary and Secondary Education Miohigan congressional delegation. The rea­ Public Schools have had for program im­ Act h.ave adequate appropriations been made sons for continuing of funding these pro­ provement for several years. Funds allocated. to meet the needs of those who expected grams, to which reasons Detroit concurs, are to the school district under the various to be served. Indeed, the appropriations for dramatically described program-by-program pieces of legislation, especially ESEA, have the present fiscal yea.r were not adequaite to in his attachement to that letter as follows: made possible a concentrated attack on prob­ continue the federally financed programs of Regarding Title II, ESEA: lems related to the education of educaition­ the prior year because the maintenance of 1. 400 libraries have been opened in public ally and economically disadvantaged chil­ the same level of appropriations did not take school buildings. dren of the city. The funds received have into consideration the increased cost of doing 2. 2¥2 million books have been purchased provided the only dollars available for some business that is experienced in every part of for those libraries. beginnings in the explorations necessary in the private and public sector. 3. Districts with very limited resources, or the area of compensatory education espe­ The restricted allocations of federal funds with large numbers of poor children have cially as it relates to curricular improvement have put the conduct of most programs un­ been able to obtain special help to provide and teacher training. The major difficulty has der an operational uncertainty that strikes learning materials to their children. been that the funds available from federal at the effectiveness of the program itself and 4. School systems have expended their sources have not been sufficient. Indeed, the simply invites unrealistic criticism. own funds to train library aides and to sup­ funds have only produced "pilot" or "dem­ Therefore, one of the decisions that must port the education of additional professional onstration" programs and, therefore, do not be made if we are to expect anything other school libraries. speak to the total needs of students in the than minor degrees of success with federal 5. Librarians are personally convinced of school district, particularly so-called dis­ funding is the establishment by the Congress the value of this service, as the following advantaged students. of higher levels of appropriations as com­ quote from a librarian to the state depart­ Public education, especially urban public pared with authorizations. ment indicates: "The Title II materials have education, must, in the midst of inadequate The appropriations by the Congress for given us much more fiexibility in the class­ local and state funding, look to federal federal educational programs administered by rooms, many more supplementary materials grants-in-aid to help remedy the multiplic­ the State have not been sufficient to main­ and excellent resources for the children's ity of problems which confront it. This is tain educational programs in the State o! studies. We are not conducting classes in the true !or all public education, but especially Michigan or in the SQhool districts of the traditional manner where children all sit in true for public education as it relates to state. The 1966-67 expenditure for all school rows and recite from memory. Instead, chil­ urban centers which ha\fe become tb,e de­ districts in Michigan for federal educational dren are taken on field trips out of the insti­ positories of the economically disadvantaged aids for all programs was approximately tution to become familiar with community children of the nation. $125.48 million. In 1967-68, the appropriation living. Title lI supplementary books, such 14542 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 as "Who Will Milk My Cow" and "Bin-Bang Title III, dissemination and evaluation, will Johnson budget recommendations for fiscal Pig" or lovely big colored picture charts of be reduced or eliminated. 1970 propose that the expenditure level of animals, give tremendous motivation to the The number of children and professional Public Laws 815 and 874 be limited to $300,- children. Traditional textbooks are also out­ personnel receiving innovative services will 000,000. The Nixon Administration further dated for most retarded children. Instead, the be reduced. reduced the $300 million to $187 million. The teachers use many creative materials which Some excellent projects will decide to ter­ latter budget limitation, if enacted by the are most applicable and encompass many of minate and have so indicated such action Appropriations Committee, would, in effect, Title II materials." at this date. eliminate payment to all school districts ex­ Regarding Title V-A, NDEA: Overall quality, a distinguishing feature cept those with large concentrations of "A" 1, In 1967-68, 339 school districts, includ­ of Title III, will be reduced. category pupils. The Johnson Administration ing 680,000 students, participated in NDEA­ 2. Other cuts may be: recommendation carried with it recommen­ supported counseling services, and 388,000 An out-door learning laboratory in Tra­ dations for the revisions of the basic legisla­ students participated in NDEA-supported verse City, where potential school dropouts tion to the extent that almost all districts testing. find a way to stay in school until they grad­ receiving impacted area funds would be elim­ 2. In 1967-68, over forty schools experi­ uate. inated from the program. mented with elementary guidance programs A Metropolitan-Flint program to help the The proposed program limitations from the for troubled young children. parents of deaf children help the child learn former Administration are detailed hereafter, 3. Under a new approach by the state de­ at home during his first years of life. and it is assumed that the estimated entitle­ partment, four community colleges have em­ A program which brings learning special­ ment for full payment would be $622 million. ployed recruitment counselors who recruit ists to Kent County rural schools to work It now appears that the program would not and help poor students go on to college. with individual children who seem unable be fully funded at less than $650,594,000. In the words of this program's director, to achieve in their classes. Significantly, nothing was provided in either "Total loss of NDEA V-A will terminate A seven-county effort in the midpart of budget for the funding of the major disaster counseling and guidance services to students the state to strengthen elementary aud section of the act. Should payments under in several communities where such services junior high instruction in seven districts. this section be required, there would be a have recently been implemented, and the A program in an urban center to cut class proration of payments under the $187 million LEA cannot yet carry programs without size sharply in schools serving poor childien. limitation to both the "A" category pupil. help." A program in the Upper Peninsula to help and the Section 6 pupil. Regarding Title III, NDEA: retarded children learn new job skills. Fiscal year 1970 1. Requests for NDEA funds received from Regarding LSCA I and II: the local school districts have been double 1. As a result of federal aid, the state has [In milUons] the amount of the allocations by the fed­ been able to grant from $350,000 to $400,000 A. Estimated entitlement under pres- eral government; out of present federal ap­ to libraries throughout the state for books ent laW------$622 propriations, the state department, there­ and for hiring of additional librarians and B. Proposed amendments: fore, is able to match only one-half of the library aides. These libraries have employed 1. Require school districts to ab­ requests for equipment. staff, rented space, and started services in sorb the cost of education 2. The number of submitted projects has anticipation of continued federal support. equal to 6 % of enrollment for ranged from 480 to 575 each year in this 2. The state legislature has raised the level section 3(b) children ______-140 decade. of its spending for the libraries of the state, 2. Reduce the rate of payment to 3. Participation in the program has aver­ partly in response to the federal presence. 25 % for section 3 {b) children aged 93.2 % of the public school membership. 3. The state department of education has where the related Federal Those schools which have not particip&ted employed consultants to work with local property is in another school are the smaller school districts which do not library people in improving their services to district ------117 feel they would receive sufficient funds to all cltizens. 3. Eliminate one-half State and make the effort worth-while. 4. Magazines and other periodicals are National average per pupil 4. This year, 462 school distriots with purchased by the state libraries and circu­ payment rates for both sec- 1,825,390 pupils requested funds under the lated statewide, a service particularly useful tions 3 (a) and 3 (b) ------75 "regular" NDEA, Title III, distribution. In to isolated rural libraries. 4. Eliminate from the definition that distribution districts which have a lower 5. Films and records are made available of Federal property those SEV behind each child receive a larger share where none would be otherwise. properties which are outleased of NDEA funds. 6. The construction program has provided by the Federal Government 5. This year, for the first time, the state over 44 new public libraries, including both and on which taxes are paid__ -21 department has made a separate distribution branch libraries in the inner city and new 5. Eliminate counting children in of funds to schools which have large per­ facilities in rural communties. 13th and 14th grades______-4 centages of poor children. Under this pro­ 6. Savings provision to prevent PART II gram 39 school districts in the state are more than 25 % reduction per using $975,000 in equipment grants to im­ The extension proposed for the impacted school district in first year___ +35 prove instruction in schocl'S serving many area legislation coincides with the extensions poor children. proposed for all other educational programs Total reductions (net)------322 6. In the words of the NDEA, Title III, enacted by the House in H.R. 514. Public program director: "With the present eco­ Laws 815 and 874 are now scheduled to ex­ C. Entitlement adjusted for proposed nomic situation in the State of Michigan pire June 30, 1972. The extension proposed reductions ------300 and the voter resistance to voting extra allo­ will make possible full implementation of D. President's budget for 1970______300 cated operational millage, the elimination of forward funding and will remove many of NDEA, Title III, will merely compound the the uncertainties that will undoubtedly af­ problems in local districts of providing sound fect the level of appropriations for fiscal The budget proposals of both the Johnson educational programs. It is also our feeling 1970 and future years, while, at the same and the Nixon Administrations are com­ that NDEA, Title III, is one of the better time, providing local educational agencies pletely inadequate in terms of the impacted federal programs because equipment and with an opportunity to achieve program area program. Since it is apparent the latest programs developed under this Act are fi­ continuity that is not possible under shorter budget intends to fund only a small por­ nanced by the cooperation of federal funds extensions. Since the federal revenues pro­ tion of the program, the inadequacies of the and matching local funds. The matching of vided under Public Law 874 become part of initial budget should be discussed. federal funds by local school districts, I am the general fund operating budgets of local The total impact of these drastic amend­ sure, means that much more effort and school districts, such assurances are neces­ ments, which provide a budget saving of thought is given to the need, type and use sary at an early date because of their impact $322 million, would vary from school dis­ of equipment in the educational process." on the total school program. The depend­ trict to school district, since there are few Regarding Title III, ESEA: ence of local educational agencies on this instances where all amendments would be ap­ 1. A cutback of approximately 30-32% be­ vital revenue source has become increasingly plicable to a given local educational agency. ing proposed by the United States Congress important as school districts across the coun­ It is apparent, however, that the 6% ab­ in the FY 1970 Title III funding levels will try are planning educational programs in the sorption proposed in Amendment No. 1 and require the state department to reduce the face of serious revenue deficits. the change in the definition of federal prop­ budgets of most Michigan projects by 40 % The appropriations for the impacted area erty proposed in Amendment No. 4 would with the following implications: legislation have been a hotly debated issue eliminate most large school districts now in Approximately 500 school districts are be­ before every session of Congress since the the program. Proposed Amendment No. 2 ing served by Title III projects. Thirty-five laws were enacted in 1950. The regular ap­ would provide a serious cutback in funds to districts, acting as fiscal agents, will receive propriation process generally has not pro­ all school districts across the country that reduced budgets. vided for the funds necessary to permit 100 % could meet the new qualifying require­ There are over 1.7 million public and non­ payment for all applicants. It is only through ments. The elimination of the floor provi­ public school children touched in some way the supplemental appropriation process that sion in proposed Amendment No. 3 would by these projects. These children will receive adequate funding has been made possible. seriously reduce the level of payment to dis­ less. This year, the impacted area legislation is tricts qualifying under the new restriction The two areas critical to the success of faced with a most serious situation. The and would have a serious impact on those June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14543 southern states which are now participating tion is not inconsistent with the need for whet her or not the priority system, made under the national average floor provision. more educational funds for the education­ necessary by the lack of funds, will not ex­ Proposed Amendment No. 5 would elimi­ ally disadvantaged. Funds provided to most clude m any school districts who, under the nate those school districts that are now impacted area district s are the funds that laws as authorized by the Congress, will meet counting as eligible pupils in grades 13 and make the difference between a marginal edu­ all eligibility requirements. An appropria­ 14. This amendment is particularly damag­ cational program and a complete educa­ tion of $255 million to pay applicants eligible ing to school districts in California and other tional program. Pupils with expectant mo­ during fiscal years 1967, 1968 and 1969 is states where the counting of such pupils is bility must have a complete education if required if t he housing needs of these dis­ pennitted under state law. t hey are to fit int o new school situations tricts are to be met. An additional $80 mil­ These two laws appear to be caught in the Without becoming a burden to the receiv­ lion will be required to pay out in full thfl! revenue cap that has been placed on all ing district. requirement for fiscal 1970. educational programs in the proposed budget I would make one further plea in behalf CONCLU SION for fiscal 1970. An analysis of the educa­ of the school construction provisions of In conclusion, I would u rge t he Committee tional appropriations recommended in the Public Law 815. School districts presently t o report an ap propriation bill that would budget for fiscal 1970 reveals what appears qualifying under this law which has provided provide for the full funding of au federally to be litt le more than a shift ing of funds. so many classrooms for the children of the authorized educational programs. Less than The increases in Elementary and Secondary n ation are in a fiscal bind. Even though they full funding du ring these days of edduca­ Education Act funds, particularly in Title I, have qualified for grants under this law, con­ tional crisis, in effect, places education low appear to be made at the expense of other stru ction programs are not possible in many on the list of n ational priorities when there educational programs. The tragedy of this cases because of bu dget limitations during is little question that t he edu cation of our type of an approach is that it takes money the fiscal year in which t he classrooms are boys and girls should appear in the highest from one educational pocket of the local most needed. Indeed, there is a quest ion as to order of any n ational rating scale. educational agency and places it in another pocket. The philosophy that federal educa­ tional funds should be concentrated to do a ATTACHMENT NO. !.-MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- EFFECT OF NIXON BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS ON particular job loses its impact because all FEDERALLY FU NDED EDUCATIO NAL PROGRAMS federal funds that are received in most school districts are combined in such a way that 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 Increase or they have the maximum effect on federally spend ing allocation Nixon bud get decrease supported educational programs. The impacted area school districts of this ESEA I: nation are caught in a budget squeeze. The Grants ______$34, 300, 000 $32, 400, 000 $36, 400, 000 + $4, 000, 000 Adm inistration: limitations proposed by the Administration Regular ______- ______are premised on the theory that the large 343, 000 324, 000 364, 000 + 40, 000 Migrant______---- __ ------82, 000 145, 000 ------city school districts do not get impacted area ESEA II: school aid. The Committee hearing record on Grants ______4, 400, 000 2, 200, 000 0 -2, 200, 000 Ad ministration ______226, 000 116, 000 0 -116, 000 H.R. 514 will show that all of the superin­ ESEA Ill : tendents from the largest cities in this nation 4, 400, 000 -1, 900, 000 who testified during the second week of 327, 000 -147, 000 testimony supported the impacted area pro­ 100, 000 + 100, 000 ESEtr~}iAdult Education:~~f~\~r:a ~t~~ ~ ======~ ·= ~~~~~~ ~ =------~·-~~~:-~~~ - gram. They suggested these funds would, in Grants ______800, 000 900, 000 Administration ______1, 000, 000 + 100, 000 part, permit them to reduce the revenue 96, 000 104, 000 (1) ------deficits they a.re facing in the general fund Vocational Education: Grants ______- _------10, 000, 000 9, 200, 000 9, 900, 000 + 700, 000 budgets which must be maintained if they Adm inistration ______298, 000 375, 000 (1) ------are to adequately satisfy the maintenance of NDEA Ill: effort provisions in the other programs that Grants ______- __-- ______--- ______3, 400, 000 0 -3,400, 000 produce funds for the disadvantaged. Adm inistration ______86, 000 0 -86, 000 NDEAGrants V-A: ______One can but wonder why additional dollars 1, 000, 000 700, 000 -700, 000 cannot be made available for educational Admi nistration______77, 000 84, 000 -84,000 programs from a nation so wealthy as ours. LSCA I: Grants______------600, 000 450, 000 0 -450, 000 It appears that funds can be found for a va­ Administration ______• ______• ______• ___ • riety of activities that pertain to the general 800, 000 900, 000 700, 000 -200, 000 welfare, except in the field of education. Yet, it ls seldom that our leaders do not cite ade­ 1 Our choice. quate education for all as the basis for a more productive and stabilized nation. What we need in the support of all educational ATTACHMENT NO. 2.-DETROIT PUBLIC SCHOOLS- ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATIO N ACT YEARLY FUND programs is more dollars, not dollars shifted LEVELS from one educational program to another. While one can debate the possibility of com­ 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968- 69 bining programs, new programs, and the pos­ sibility of greater local and state funds for education, the fact that exists today is that Title I- Educational programs for disadvantaged ______$11 , 999, 074 $11 , 221, 532 $11 , 281, 162 $10, 370, 415 the federal educational dollars, almost with­ Title IL------705,476 712, 195 1, 069, 275 (1) out exception, determine whether a school Title Lil~~~~ ~~~~r~~~s- ~~~- ~~~~~ i ~~======~~ : m------(2) district is making forward progress or wheth­ Supplementary educational centers and se rvi ces ______2, 000, 000 Adult education ESEA amendment to title 11'------244, 767 648, 776 501, 519 er it has simply deteriorated into a balanced Title V______-- __ ------______------__ ------82, 154 budget approach to education. Grants to strengthen State departments of education ______(3) Title VI ______---- __ -- __ ------__---- ______-- ______155, 338 113, 247 The House, in enacting H.R. 514, added a Education of handicapped child ren ______----______(4) new category to Public Law 874, that of chil­ Title VI fl ______. -- ______------______-- -- __ ---- ______-_-- __ ------_- ______--- ______-- __ _ 400 , 000 dren living in public housing. The thrust of Dropout prevention ______.______(3) this proposal is to relieve in part the seri­ ous situations that have developed in many communities across this nation, particular­ 1 Pending allocation from the State of Michigan. 2 Not elsewhere classified. ly in impacted areas, when federal housing a Proposed. brought in pupils and then left school dis­ 4 Pending additional funding for a $202,145 proposal. tricts to provide school buildings and school services that were not possible without de­ pleting the regular program of the school dis­ MONETARY AND STAFF CHANGES NECESSITATED IF NIXON BUDGET IS PASSED tricts involved. Under the housing provision, this section would require an appropriation Increase or of $250 million. 1969- 70 decrease The need for separate funding of this new 1967-68 1968-69 Nixon under Nixon Remarks on Losses and gains, State Depart­ provision was made clear in the enacting spend ing allocation budget budget ment positio ns legislation and the discussion that preceded the adoption of this program by the com­ DECREASE ESEA II: mittee. All categories of this legislation Grants ______$4 , 400, 000 $2, 200, 000 0 -$2, 200, 000 Lose 4 professional and 8 clerical positions. should be fully funded at the rate required Administration ______226, 000 116,000 0 -116, 000 for each category, and not one category at NDEA Ill : Grants ______3, 400, 000 0 -3, 400, 000 Lose 3 professional and 2 clerical positions. the expense of another. Administration ______--- 86, 000 The continuation of the impacted area 0 -86, 000 program in school districts across this na- Footnotes at end of table. 14544 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 MONETARY AND STAFF CHANGES NECESSITATED IF NIXON BUDGET IS PASSED-Continued before the board was made by Supervisor Warren M. Dorn, and I would like to put Increase or 1969-70 decrease his motion in the RECORD at this point. 1967-68 1968-69 Nixon under Nixon Remarks on Losses and gains, State Depart­ I would also like to include an article spending allocation budget budget ment positions from the May 22, 1969, Los Angeles Times, entitled "Closing of Job Corps DECREASE-Continued Center Causes Rush on L.A. Facility," NDEA V-A: Grants ______$1 , 000, 000 $700,000 0 -$700,000 Lose 3 professional and 3 clerical positions. which is a poignant reminder of the ef­ Administration ______77, 000 84,000 0 -84, 000 fects that will be seen nationwide from ESEA Ill: Grants ______7, 900, 000 6,300,000 $4,400,000 -1,900,000 Hire 5 professionals and 2 clerical out of camp closings. Administration______(') 474,000 327,000 -147,000 funds which were not tied down this year. I include the following: LSCA I: Grants______600, 000 450,000 0 -450,000 Alternatives are (1) Drop as many as 4 MOTION BY SUPERVISOR WARREN M. DORN, Administration______800,000 900, 000 700, 000 -200,000 professionals and 4 clerical people, or (2) APRIL 22, 1969 drop ~ of the periodicals distribution program. I move that the Board of Supervisors go INCREASE on record as favoring the retention of the ESEA I: Fenner Canyon Civilian Conservation Center Grants ______34, 300,000 32,400,000 36,400,000 +4,200,000 ESEA I: Hire 2 professional. near Palmdale in the Fifth District. This job Administration: Regular______343, 000 324, 000 364, 000 +40, 000 Migrant only: Our choice, hire a professional training camp was established four years ago Migrant______82,000 145,000 ------· and a clerical. with the cooperation of the Forest Service ESEA IV-Planning and ------100,000 +100,000 Gain 4 professional and 2 clerical positions. and the County Fire Department, based in evaluation: Administra- part upon our county's success with the tion. Vocational education: juvenile ca.mp work in fire prevention and Grants_------10, 000, 000 9,200,000 9, 900, 000 +700, 000 Our choice: Might be able to add State staff conservation. The U.S. Forest Service has Administration______298,000 2 375,000 (3) ------by taking credit for itinerant trainers. supervision of this job corps center and es­ Adult basic education: timates that over half a mllllon dollars worth Grants______800, 000 900,000 1, 000, 000 +l, 000, 000 Our choice: Hire 1 professional and 1 clerical. Administration______96,000 104, 000 of work was done last year by the young (I) ------men at this camp to help prevent forest fires, as well as to build and maintain camping Note: Totals, grants losses, -$8,850,000; grants gains, +$5,000,000; net loss, -$3,850,000. areas for recreational purposes. Administration losses, $631,000; administration gains, partly our choice. Personnel losses, 10 professional, 13 clerical; personnel gains, 13 professionals, 6 clericals; net gain, 3 professionals, net loss I further move that if the federal govern­ 7 clerical. ment does close down this facility, that it 1 Does not apply. be turned over to the county for juvenile 2 Estimated. camp work or possibly road camp work. It is a Our choice. my feeling that rather than curtailing and closing down these kinds of training fac111- RESTRAINT IN SPEECH tors from the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Use the ties, they should be expanded. If this facil­ product called free speech carefully, lest it ity is no longer needed by the federal gov­ become loose speech, which is a weapon ernment, then perha.ps the county could HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN against democracy. lease it for $1.00 a year, and use it in our R. M. VASSELL, welfare training program or in fire preven­ OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Moderator, St. Mary College. tion, camp construction and maintenance, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES road building, etc. In any event, there are over 11,000 able-bodied people on welfare in Monday, June 2, 1969 this county today who lack skills or who Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, reckless­ are just not employable who could be trained JOB CORPS CAMP CLOSING: FALSE at this facility or who could work there in ness in the use of words-overstatement, ECONOMY, LITTLE SENSE lieu of a mere handout in the way of welfare exaggeration, describing merely trouble­ from the county as directed and controlled some events as catastrophic disasters-­ by the federal and state government. all these contribute materially to public HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. I further move that a copy of this board's confusion on the subject of freedom of OF CALIFORNIA motion be sent to the Secretary of Labor, to speech. Every thoughtful citizen owes it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our California delegation in Congress, and to himself, as well as his community, to to the President and Vice President. use appropriate restraint in speech Monday, June 2, 1969 whatever the subject. Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. (From the Los Angeles Times, May 22, 1969] Unless such restraint prevails, reck­ Speaker, nobody allows cost overruns for CLOSING OF JOB CORPS CENTERS CAUSES RUSH less overstatement in speech nationwide the Job Corps. ON Los ANGELES FACILITY can become as calamitous as the lack of Priorities certainly do not seem to mat­ (By Jack Jones) judicial restraint has proved to be in ter, not at least when poor and under­ A Los Angeles facillty to help former Job many decisions of the Warren Court. In privileged persons are at stake. Congress Corps enrollees readjust to city life has found itself deluged because of the closing this connection the letter of R. M. Vas­ feels free to allocate billions of dollars to of 59 Job Corps centers around the nation. sell, appearing in yesterday's Washing­ longrun investments such as public Los Angeles Gatehouse at 955 S. Western ton Star, is deserving of widespread con­ works, highways, the supersonic trans­ Ave., established more than a year ago by sideration: port, but when it comes to human­ the federal Office of Economic Opportunity LIMITS FOR FREE SPEECH rather than physical capital-the tend­ (OEO), had 180 returning corpsmen check­ ency is to demand huge and immediate ing in last week-more than usually appear YOUNG REPUBLICAN CLUB, returns. during an entire month. Omaha, Neb. As a. result, said Larry E. Sommers, Gate­ Sm: The right and privilege of free speech The decision to eliminate 59 Job Corps centers is a hasty, foolish, indeed, costly house director, his staff is scrambling to find ls a precious commodity produced only in jobs and training positions for the young those truly democratic nations of this world. solution that the Nixon administration people being phased out of Job Corps--many America is a mass producer of free speech, has found in its searching of where to with training incomplete. and the quality of our product is generally pare Government programs. I oppose the At the same time, regional OEO officials excellent. I say "generally excellent" because President's move; in fact, I would favor there are those citizens of the United States are working with two volunteer groups-­ who abuse free speech and who rail against expansion of the Job Corps program, and Joint Action in Community Services (JACS) and Women in Community Service (WICS)­ society without sense or reason. If America the establishment of even more rural is ever destroyed, it will be by the cult of camps. in an effort to enlist citizens willing to help the ranters from within and not by ICBMs In April, the Los Angeles County Board find jobs, places to live, transportation and from without. of Supervisors went on record strongly other services for returnees. The ranters attack the President's peace protesting the closing of Job Corps cen­ CORPSMEN BEING HUNTED moves on Vietnam and the strategy of bat­ ters in general, and specifically the Fen­ Although displaced job corpsmen are being tlefield generals, in the comfort of the dome ner Canyon Civilian Conservation Center notified by the closing centers to check in of the nation's Capitol or on the country's with Gatehouse, Sommers said he feels campuses. The ranters do not practice re­ near Palmdale in Los Angeles County. "there a.re 400 to 500 in town that we don't sponsible free speech, but loose speech which The board asked that, if the Fenner camp even know are here." is unlike responsible free speech. Loose is closed, then it should be turned over to As soon as notification is received that a speech will lose the war in Vietnam faster the county for juvenile camp work or Los Angeles youth has left a Job Corps cen­ for the U.S.A. than any amount of infiltra.- possibly for road camp work. The motion ter, Sommers attempts to contact him by June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14545 mail. In many cases, it turns out, the ad­ a member of the 63d Antiaircraft Artil­ come pessimistic about America's future. dress given is phony. Some former enrollees lery in the Army during World War II, Granted that storm signals are up, I believe are unhappy and have no desire to be found. nevertheless that we as a people have the Sommers said locations are then made by Mr. Hinckley had compiled 26 years of good sense to place patriotism and human staff counselors. Some are lured in by mailed service to his State and Nation. understanding above the arrogance of per­ notices that final checks are waiting. Mr. Hinckley brought to his legislative sonal prejudice-and that we can and will Gatehouse has placement specialists who duties a broad background with his first­ solve peacefully the problems that beset us. work closely with the California State Em­ hand knowledge of agriculture, familiar­ I believe that we will do so through our tra­ ployment Service and private industry to ity with business and alertness to labor's ditional reliance upon the philosophy of find jobs or training spots for the former needs. His supporters called him "a busi­ moderation--or Government by Common corpsmen. nessman with a workingman's outlook." Sense." Under a directive from the U.S. Depart­ As a student of American history, Eisen­ ment of Labor, CSES can provide interim He was lauded by educators as one whose hower noted that most of our great presi­ stipends of $52 a week for up to four weeks voting record showed that he had the dents-Washington, Lincoln and Theodore for those waiting to find work or training. welfare of schools and children at heart. Roosevelt among them-were men of the Sommers and his placement supervisor, He fostered legislation to combat orga­ Middle Way. He characterized the extremists Jerry Steorts, indicated they are getting some nized crime, narcotics traffic, vice, and of both left and right as people who spill good community support in the way of vol­ gambling. He was outspoken in his con­ off the ". . . one-way highway of progress" unteer help and job offers-but need much cern for conserving California's natural into the gutters. He believed that extremism more to catch up. comes easily" . . . to men who have doped Neighborhood Youth Corps jobs are now resources. He called for stronger support themselves with delusions of their own un­ being made available to Job Corps returnees, for mental hospitals, and as chairman of blemished virtue and the rascality of others they said, and some welding program slot.s the Assembly Fish and Game Commit­ ... The Middle-of-the-Road American-Ne­ have been opened for ex-corpsmen at both tee, he devoted much energy toward im­ gro or white-has put up with a lot from the Watts and East Los Angeles skills cen­ proving the legislation so important in the extremists." Eisenhower never felt thai ters. that field. a Middle-of-the-Road American is simply a Sommers said one problem is that most Stew Hinckley counted as his greatest fence-sitter and pointed out that it often of the returning trainees live in those areas legislative achievement his successful ef­ takes more courage to occupy the center than already with the highest unemployment and any other position " ... for you a.re then the poorest transportation. fort in getting the first bills through the subject to attack on both :flanks." "It's hard to shake them out of those assembly which established the Feather Eisenhower was not above compromise and areas," he observed. River project. This is the greatest public considered it a highly useful tool within the Gatehouse also is facing some difficulties works project ever conceived by man, limits of basic princ:iples. He was keenly in compiling all the training achievement and it will soon bring vitally needed aware of the dangers of today's extremism. data necessary to place numerous returning water more than 400 miles from north­ On the one hand, he pointed out that there job corpsmen because paperwork is not al­ ern California to the south. This project are those who want to socialize everything. ways completed at those closing centers On the other, there are the far-out con­ where staff personnel are moving out to new will stand as a fitting monument to servatives who want to do away with the jobs themselves. Stewart Hinckley. graduated income tax, stop sociia.l security, In the rush on Tuesday, Leon Massey Jr., Bertha and Stew Hinckley were de­ abolish all regulatory agencies, smash the 17, back from the Oak Glen Job Corps Center voted to their family, their community, labor unions and confine the functions of 27 days ago, was one who was headed for a and their country, and they will be the federal government to running the mili­ job. greatly missed by all. tary establishment and the post office and Barry Kelly, former football coach at the conducting our foreign affairs. While accept­ clearfield (Utah) Job Corps Center and now ing a measure of governmental responsibility a placement specialist at Gatehouse, had in social welfare, he warned, ". . . I have found him a spot as a cook in a hamburger said to those who espouse the completely stand on Vermont Ave. EISENHOWER LEFT VALUABLE paternal government that they are advocat­ But Massey was fairly lucky. He had LEGACY ing the road to national bankruptcy and nearly completed his cook training in Job human ruin . . . you cannot place millions Corps and was about ready to come home of citizens on a permanent dole and leave anyway. HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB them there to rot in mind and spirit ... "It was a good program," he said. "I was OF CALIFORNIA This today is at the root of our tragic dif­ there long enough to get something out of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ficulties in the slums." it." Eisenhower left a word of advice to youth: Monday, June 2, 1969 "It will soon be your country to run . . . Mr. Mr. When you have a just and reasonable cause, LIPSCOMB. Speaker, during protest all you wish, but remember that INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY these times of riots, disrespect of law there can and should be order and decency and order, and advocacy of extremisms, in democratic protest. Stand up and be the voice of moderation is critically need­ counted when troublemakers try to rob you HON. JERRY L. PETTIS ed. Dwight D. Eisen:1ower bequeathed of your right to an education. If it becomes OF CALIFORNIA to us that creed of moderation. necessary for the forces of law and order IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The general's legacy is reviewed in a to move in and quell such disturbances, give them your support." At the conclusion Monday, June 2, 1969 May 19 editorial of the Progress Bulletin, Pomona, Calif., which I am inserting in of his brief article, the General and former Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, it is my sad President of the United States said, "In this the RECORD under leave to extend my article I have tried to set forth some of the duty to report the passing of a great remarks: guideposts of the Middle Way. I would hope California legislator and a great Amer­ [From the Progress-Bulletin, May 19, 1969] with all my heart that during the next few ican, L. Stewart Hinckley, of Redlands, EISENHOWER LEFT VALUABLE LEGACY years our country will unite under the Presi­ Calif. Mr. and Mrs. Hinckley were killed dent in giving this Common-Sense approach in an airplane accident May 8, 1969, a Dwight D. Eisenhower accomplished many a chance." things in a long and brilliant career of The Eisenhower legacy of moderation will tragedy that saddened their many thou­ public service. It may be, however, that he sands of friends all over the State and be considered by many the foundation on will be remembered longest for the legacy which to build an even greater nation in the Nation. of moderation that he has left the nation. future. Stew Hinckley served as the assembly­ Moderation was the basis of the General's man for the 73d District in San Bernar-; Middle-of-the-Road political phllosophy. dino County from 1946 to 1954 and again But, moderation was obviously more than a political philosophy to Eisenhower. It was a MEMORIAL DAY from 1962 until his retirement this year. oreed. And, in these critical, turbulent times, A Republican, he had great support from the creed of moderation bequeathed to us the Democratic Party and won the nom­ by the former president is a foundation upon HON. JEROME R. WALDIE ination of both parties each time he ran which all Americans can stand and face OF CALIFORNIA for assembly until California abolished the future with confidence. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the open primary. He never lost an In one of his last messages to his fellow election. citizens-an article appearing in The Read­ Monday, June 2, 1969 er's Digest, under the title "We Must Avoid From 1954 to 1961, Mr. Hinckley served the Perils of Extremism"--General Eisen­ Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, the Nation the Eisenhower administration as Direc­ hower applied his philosophy and his creed has paused this past weekend to honor tor of the Farmers' Home Administra­ to the contemporary scene, and he did so its gallant men and women who died in tion for the Western States. with a hea.rtening sense of optimism. In one the service of this country. Many citizens With his military service, when he was passage he said, ". . . I for one refuse to be- have visited the resting places of the hon- 14546 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 ored dead, others have given but a that our leaders in the business and to boot. On Friday, April 25, at Ford Motor's industrial world can do without is the assembly plant at Mahwah, N.J., a group of moment to reflect on the complete workers known as the United Black Broth­ sacrifice. disorder and violence which paralyzed ers walked off the job, and, with help from One man, Mr. William Stone of Walnut campuses throughout the Nation in re­ Students from a Democratic Society and the Creek, Calif., wrote a moving poetic cent months. SDS leaders seek to sow Black Panthers, threw up a picket line and tribute to those we honor on Memorial discontent among the Nation's workers temporarily disrupted production. "The fight Day and I submit it for the RECORD and as they did among small factions of against Ford's racism a.nd abuse . . . has for the edification of all the Members of duped students. Needless to say, it takes been joined ... ," shrilled a UBB flier; "Power Congress: but a comparatively small number of to the workers." In an interview published MEMORIAL DAY in the Guardian, self-styled "independent malcontents skilled in the science of dis­ radical newsweekly," a spokesman elabo­ (By Bill Stone) ruption to amplify worker's complaints, rated: "At Mahwah, the watchword is pro­ White crosses gleaming row on row, heretofore peacefully mediated, with the duction ... everything is sacrificed for pro­ Ghost like in the twilight glow; hope of creating disorder. duction. The company doesn't care about hu­ For those who gave their last full measure, Labor leaders, too, should be concerned man beings, just units.... The workers' only Of their devotion, blood and treasure, with the SDS workers program. The tool against management is the union, but Making resolute our nation great, latest issue of the FBI Law Enforcement under the last contract the local union offi­ Regardless what may have been their fate; cials' salaries are paid by management, so Lying silently in a lonely grave, Bulletin, the June issue, features a state­ who do you think they represent? The UBB Remembered for the life they gave. ment by Director J. Edgar Hoover con­ is a black organization, but it represents an cerning the possible takeover of the SDS workers, black, white and Puerto Rican, be­ The sacrifice so nobly paid, For freedom's cause were not afraid; by Communist elements oriented to both cause all workers are sacrificed equally for Faced bayonet, heard cannons roar, Moscow and Peking. Years ago labor the sake of production .... We know we have leaders had the good sense to rid their no representation; we have no redress in the Knowing full well what lay in store. UAW." Vigilance the price for liberty, ranks of a number of unions whose pri­ Compassion for the enemy. orities of allegiance ranked Moscow be­ Life-long champions of the underdog and Greater love hath no man than this, fore the United States and the American perennial good guys, Messrs. Reuther and Giving his life for a friend of his. Ford must have been jolted to find them­ workingman. Like management, the selves so abruptly cast in the unfamiliar With thankful hearts we decorate ranks of labor can well do without the role of villain. Along with the rest of U.~. The grave of our fallen comrade; ill will, disorder, and destructive agita­ industry, however, and perhaps much of or­ Praying to God that He will give tion visited upon college campuses in ganized labor as well, they had better get Our nation courage it may live, recent months. Management and labor used to the idea. "Enlightened" or otherwise, Refreshing daily our memory, will continue to have their honest differ­ capitalism today has come under direct as­ This debt we owe to keep us free. ences which are eventually resolved by sault from a hit-and-run coalition of radi­ The nation sorrowful with bowed bead, cal students and alienated members of mi­ Reverently honor our valiant dead. compromise and mediation. Without vig­ nority groups who seek not to achieve higher ilance and resolute action both segments wages, improved working conditions or more of our society might well be faced with jobs, but--as in colleges and universities a rule-or-ruin force "bent on anarchy throughout the country-to shake the Es­ and nihilism," to quote Director Hoover. tablishment and ultimately bring it down. AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION FOR Barron's, the national business and Scorning such bourgeois expedients as col­ LABOR AND MANAGEMENT financial weekly, in its issue of May 19 lective bargaining, they opt for tactics like infiltration-SDS has issued its members de­ called attention to the presence of rev­ tailed instructions for a summer "work-in"­ olutionary elements which, if unchecked, intimldation, boycott, sabotage and violence. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK could create serious trouble for both OF OHIO "If production is the central arena in which labor and management. Plainly called capitalism will be slain," solemnly explains IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for here is a joint effort by leaders of a Guardian pamphlet called Black Workers Monday, June 2, 1969 both factions to alert all involved con­ in Revolt, "it follows that the hand that cerning the destructive plans of these holds the wrench shall be the hand that Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, several holds the gun." Hard to believe, perhaps­ years ago, on July 20, 1967, I inserted in revolutionary groups. As in the case of the college campuses, appeasement and as most Cubans must have found Castro, or the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a document Cornell a handful of armed undergraduates. issued by the Progressive Labor Party concessions will result in losses to both But like their comrades on campus, the rev­ entitled "The Vietnam Work-In," a management and labor. olutionaries on the picket and assembly lines manual of instruction for radicals di­ I include the article, "Comes the Rev­ mean business. They also play for keeps. rected at reaching and influencing Amer­ olution," from the May 19 issue of Bar­ After the fashion of totalitarians from ican workers against the war in Vietnam. ron's in the RECORD at this point: Karl Marx to date, they make no secret of As is generally realized by now, the PLP is COMES THE REVOLUTION-U.S. INDUSTRY HAD their aims. At a meeting last winter at the BETTER LOOK TO ITS DEFENSES University of Michigan, the national coun­ a revolutionary-motivated organization cil of SDS endorsed a proposal to "continue which split off from the Communist Henry Ford II, chairman of the board of Ford Motor Co., and Walter Reuther, pres­ efforts to expand ... beyond the campus and Party U.S.A. early in the 1960's over ideo­ ident of the United Auto Workers of Amer­ into working-class constituencies." A former logical differences involving Red China. ica, may sit at opposite ends of the bar­ SDS leader, now a New Left journalist, went The manual outlined the proper ap­ gaining table, but they really have a good on to observe: "SDS must become more than proach for radicals to take in securing deal in common. One way or another, of an organization of college students and jobs in industry with a view to winning course, they both make a living from the broaden its base to include all young people over workers to PLP's anarchistic goals. production and sale of cars. Moreover, each oppressed by capitalism. The proposal urges man in his own right can point with pride new efforts in organizing among high school Although the project met with little suc­ students, young people in the military, drop­ cess at that time, the idea of reaching the to a richly deserved reputation for social consciousness. A recent head of the National out and forced-out unemployed young peo­ American worker was not forgotten. Alliance of Businessmen, Mr. Ford worked ple, and especially young workers in fac­ Just recently the work-in manual re­ tirelessly to find jobs for the so-called hard­ tories." Toward this end, SDS (and an off­ appeared again with but minor changes core unemployed; in 18 months his own shoot, Movement for a Democratic Society, in its text. This time the target is not concern has put some 13,000 on the pay­ or MDS) are working hand-in-glove with exclusively the war in Vietnam but any roll. The redheaded Mr. Reuther ls the very various radical labor splinter groups which issue which can win supporters to the model of a flaming liberal, under whose aegis have sprung up of late, notably among rank­ the UAW has proclaimed its solidarity with and-file auto workers. Starting with the camp of the revolutionaries. The latest the California grape workers, contributed Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement version of the manual is being circulated to the notorious Child Development Group (DRUM) last summer, the radical coalition, by Students for a Democratic Society­ of Mississippi (which the Office of Economic now known as the League of Revolutionary SDS-the organization which has been Opportunity, for legal reasons, once felt com­ Black Workers, has branched out to em­ the driving force fostering disruptive pelled to disown); and helped launch the brace Ford and two other Chrysler plants. activities on college campuses. militant Citizens Crusade Against Poverty. A spokesman recently was quoted as say­ Late last month Messrs. Reuther and Ford, ing, with more passion than grammar: "I Leaders in business and industry albeit unwittingly, happened to share another think it's inevitable that there has to be a should give careful attention to this lat­ distinction: that of being denounced as revolution in this country, that the rul­ est program of the SDS. One problem ruthless exploiters of minorities and racists ing class has to be overthrown ...." June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14547 Such rhetoric sounds like the old jokes OBSCENITY IN THE MAILS I am not advocating that the Federal that started "Comes the revolution. . . ." However, these people are in grim earnest Government act as a censor of the pub­ and they are not stopping at words. On the lic's reading material. However, I believe HON. AL ULLMAN that we must consider how far the free­ contrary, the past few months have seen one OF OREGON radically inspired thrust after another at dom of one individual can go before it corporate enterprise. In February hundreds IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES becomes an infringement of another's of students from riot-rocked San Francisco Monday, June 2, 1969 right to privacy. This is why I am ask­ State College joined the picket line of ing Congress to create a method which refinery workers striking against Standard Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, we have will not ban a certain class of literature, Oil Co. of California. (Last week a smaller waited too long to regulate the flow of group picketed the annual meeting of Stand­ obscene advertising through the U.S. but will simply ecable the American pub­ ard Oil Co. of New Jersey; "we know the com­ mail. We must no longer grant free li­ lic to protect itself from the unwanted panies are separate,'' said one, in a new cense to advertisers who have no respect intrusion of this offensive advertising in­ departure on collective guilt, "but they've to their homes. run by essentially the same kind of people.") for a common code of decency or for the In Seattle the University of Washington SDS privacy of the average American family, pinned a United Fruit recruiter against an and who use sexual sensationalism to office wall and forced him to watch a film promote their products. For this reason, REPRESENTATIVE EILBERG INTRO­ purporting to depict his company's depreda­ I have introduced legislation, H.R. 11110, DUCES THE EXTRAORDINARY tions in Latin America; a GE recruiter was which would not interfere with the right TAX RELIEF ACT OF 1969 driven off the Queens College campus. In the of free expression, but would provide citi­ nation's capital, nine anti-war demonstrators zens protection against the intrusion in­ broke into the offices of Dow Chemical Co., ransacked the files and splattered blood over to their home of this unwanted, offensive HON. JOSHUA EILBERG the walls. In Detroit DRUM and its allies have mail. OF PENNSYLVANIA staged a series of wildcat walkouts and are My measure is patterned after the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES constantly threatening the Big Three with President's proposal which was recently boycott. introduced as a part of a broader bill af­ Monday, June 2, 1969 The latest outburst of the kind, at Ford's fecting postal operations. I fully support Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, today I assembly plant in Mahwah, N.J., was osten­ the administration on this issue, and have introduced the Extraordinary Tax sibly triggered by a racial epithet which a supervisor is alleged to have hurled at a have introduced this bill because I think Relief Act of 1969. This bill is designed Negro worker. Be that as it may, the radicals that it takes the most effedive approach to provide relief to certain individuals lost no time in exploiting the affair. Within to the problem, and has the greatest pos­ over 65 years of age who own or rent 48 hours-though nobody outside the plant sibility of being acted upon by the House. their homes and who are paying a dis­ ordinarily would have known about it--a The people who are probably the most proportionate share of their limited in­ picket line, beefed up by SDS members and indignant about the recent proliferation comes for property taxes. My bill will Black Panthers, appeared at Mahwah, menac­ of sexually oriented advertising are those provide them some relief through a sys­ ing enough to intimidate workers into stay­ ing home and compel management to sus­ parents who wish to protect their minor tem of tax credits and refunds for that pend two night shifts. While things have children from exposure to this literature. portion of their property tax which is quieted down, sporadic picketing continues Some high State courts have already more than they can afford. and tension runs high. The United Black held that it is the proper role of the Low income and old age is not a tran­ Brothers have set forth a list of eight de­ government to protect minors from la.s­ sitional problem that given present mands. If management fails to meet them, civious material, and have supported the trends will solve itself. Unless action is the aforementioned flier warns: "We will not absolute 'prohibition of mailing sexually taken now in a variety of areas most of be responsible for any actions taken against the oppressive and racial (sic) policies of oriented advertising to children. I think our senior citizens will not have sufficient the Ford Motor Co." that the Federal Government should go incomes to live out their retirement Mahwah ought to open industry's eyes. further than this to permit all citizens, years in a manner which allows normal For if Henry Ford II, with his flawless liberal whether or not they are parents, to re­ participation in community life. Three credentials, can be attacked as an economic quest that advertising of this nature be out of every 10 people who are age 65 royalist and racist, anyone can. Devotion kept out of their mailboxes. and older-in contrast to one in nine of to good works, including finding jobs for I do not quarrel with the necessity of younger people-were living in poverty members of minority groups, plainly yields protecting our right to free speech, and in 1966. Yet many of these people did no immunity. Indeed, there is reason to sus­ pect--as Barron's ("The Jobmongers") ar­ respect of the court's efforts to safe­ not become poor until they became older. gued last July-that such efforts are begging guard these essential guarantees for a Half of all people now 65 and over are for trouble. Turnover among beginners tends free society. However, I think that in the 73 and older. In the years ahead, the in­ to be high, a condition that builds up re­ case of pornographic advertising, the crease will be particularly great in the sentment against both organized labor right must be counterbalanced with an older age brackets. With the population {which collects a non-refundable initiation equally important right to personal pri­ 65 and older projected to rise by some fee and several months of union dues) as vacy. The American public needs a means 50 percent during 1960-85, the popula­ well as management. Layoffs hit hardest at of preventing the steady intrusion into tion 85 and older may double. Thus the low-seniority workers recruited from the hard-core unemployed, an unfortunate fact their homes of this offensive material. retirement revolution in this Nation re­ of life into which Ford Motor Co. now has There are laws on the books which fiects two trends. At one end, there is an run. To judge by Mahwah, finally, industry were designed to 'provide the individual increase in the number of persons over is sadly unprepared for what may come. For this sort of protection, but they have 73 and, at the other, more and more management has failed to take a firm stand. proven inadequate and unworkable. Un­ early departures from the work force After warning 16 workers about breach of der these laws, it is not until the address­ are taking place. contract, it discharged only three. Mean­ ee and his family have received and in­ National economic growth, while put­ while, though no witnesses to the alleged af­ spected the literature that they have any front could be found, the offending super­ ting added dollars into the pockets of visor has been quietly removed from the recourse. Often the envelope is un­ the working group, increases the pres­ scene-to defuse the situation, so a com­ marked, giving no clue to its contents. sures on the retiree substantially. A rise pany spokesman told us-and his future Many residents complain that when they in earnings of 4 percent annually-not is uncertain. All we can say is that Ford has do take steps to have their names re­ an unrealistic estimate in view of pres­ had better ideas. moved from a company's mailing list, ent conditions-means that consumption Like university presidents and college their postmaster tells them that he has levels will approximately double in two deans, who until lately pooh-poohed warn­ no way of guaranteeing that this can be decades. This eventuality will place those ings from such careful and courageous re­ done or that the individual will not con­ living on fixed incomes in an increasingly porters as Alice Widener ("Ten Days in tinue receiving such mail. I think that April"; "The Detonators"), corporate execu­ difficult position in the marketplace. tives may try to shrug off the mounting evi­ the most workable means of providing Earnings drop as advanced age curtails dence of a radical conspiracy against private protection is to allow citizens to request already limited earnings opportunities. enterprise. We can only remind them that that none of this mail be delivered from In comparison to the age group 65-72, those who refuse to learn from history--or anyone, and have this request respected, only half as many men 73 and over and from what's happening in front of their by providing stiff penalties to those who a third as many women worked in 1962 noses-are doomed. persist in sending such advertisements. and the earnings of these older workers 14548 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 were significantly lower. The overwhelm­ life expectancy. Data from the 1963 So­ to initiate and support measures which ing propcrtion of people retiring today cial Security Administration survey pro­ are designed to increase and at least receive total pension income--from both vides a measure of such potential in­ maintain the buying pcwer of those older public and private pensions-which is come. Each unit's assets were assumed Americans living on fixed incomes. only 20 to 40 percent of the average to be capable of earning a 4-percent The Extraordinary Tax Relief Act of earnings they received immediately prior rate of return. The principal and appro­ 1969 which I have introduced today is. to retirement. Of families retiring in the priate interest amounts were then di­ in my opinion, part of the answer to as­ next decade and a half, it can be pro­ vided over the expected remaining years suring that those of our citizens living jected that almost 60 percent of those of the unit's life in equal annual sums on fixed incomes can have the buying with preretirement earnings between so that the assets would be exhausted at pcwer of these incomes maintained and $4,000 and $8,000 will receive a pension the end of that period. The annual increased. From the statistics on in­ income which is less than half these amount computed in this way was added creases in the property tax nationwide, earnings. Projections to 1980 indicate to current money income--less income and the· analysis of the incomes of our that about half the couples and more actually received from assets. senior citizens which I have given here, than three-fourths of the unmarried re­ Use of this procedure obviously ignores it appears obvious that homeownership tirees will receive $3,000 or less in pen­ the question of feasibility or desirability is becoming an increasing burden on our sion income. of this form of asset management for the older citizens. Figures which I have gathered indicate individual. Particularly unrealistic, for I do not believe that any of us want that there are now some 20 million example, is the conversion of the owned our senior citizens to sell their homes Americans in the age brackets over 65. house or farm or other business assets and convert the money they receive into Nine million of these are men and 11 into prorated assets. The effect on me­ lifetime annuities if they desire not to. million are women. Nine out of every 10 dian income of assuming that assets are The majority of these citizens have older men and 8 out of 10 women live in converted into life annuities may be worked most of their adult lives to get their own households either as heads or summarized as follows: these homes and for us to allow them to wives of heads of households. For most lose them because they cannot pay their older people, the major-and often only Potential income increasing property tax bill would be doing both the Nation and these citizens asset-is the home they own. Assets Excluding Including readily available for daily living are Actual home home a grave disservice. meager, especially for the aged with Unit income equity equity The Extraordinary Tax Relief Act of the lowest incomes. Financial assets 1969 which I have introduced is designed amounted to less than $1,000 for 37 per­ Married couples •• ______$2, 875 $3, 130 $3, 795 to ease the property tax burden on those Non married men . ______1, 365 1, 560 1, 845 low-income elderly persons whose prop­ cent of the couples and for more than Non married women ______1, 015 1, 130 1, 395 half the unmarried men and women ac­ erty taxes are excessively high in rela­ cording to a 1963 survey by the So:!ial tion to their total income by allowing Security Administration. Almost all aged The median potential income is about them a credit against their Federal in­ persons saved for their retirement years 10 percent greater than actual income come tax for that portion of their prop­ and have accumulated some resources when home equity is excluded and more erty tax which is determined to be ex­ in the form of liquid assets, equity in than 30 percent greater when home cessive. their homes or real estate, and so forth. equity is included. This reflects the fact We all know that older people living Persons in the retirement ages have that asset holdings are greater at the on fixed incomes have trouble making more :financial assets and less debt than higher income levels than at the lower. ends meet and that increasing property the population generally. Two estimates The addition of distributed assets to in­ taxes have made this more and more of asset holding by the aged in 1962 are come increases the inequality of income difficult. When these people purchased available. distribution. Of those with incomes of less their homes, property taxes were much than $3,000, fewer than one in four, had lower than they are now and they had a Federal asset holdings great enough to shift their regular income. In urban areas espe­ Reserve Socia! Security income to a higher $1,000 interval. Use of cially, the problem of rising property Board Administra· potential income other than the home taxes and their effect on the limited-in­ estimate tion estimate equity would still leave more than one­ come senior citizen has been substantial. third of the aged couples and about two­ In these areas also, incomes have been Average assets: Total. ------­ $30, 008 $15. 109 thirds of the nonmarried group with in­ substantially eroded by inflation. We Liquid assets and market sufficient income to live independently at know that these elderly people do not securities . ______4, 957 3, 783 Median assets: the modest but adequate standards es­ want to move from their homes. We also Total. ______·--- - 9, 860 5, 840 tablished by the Department of Labor's know that moving is a traumatic expe­ Liquid assets and market- able securities ______570 Bureau of Labor Statistics for that rience for these people more than for any 950 period. other group. I have introduced legislation in this To cope with this problem, the bill I These two estimates of asset holding Congress which would provide for an an­ have introduced today provides prop­ differ because the surveys differ, not only nual cost-of-living increase for social se­ erty tax relief to those over 65 who have in definitions, but in the units surveyed. curity beneficiaries tied to the upward a total annual income of $3 ,500 or less. The survey unit used in the Social Se­ trend in the Consumer Price Index. I Those whose incomes are too low to pay curity Administration's study produces have also stated my belief that the Presi­ Federal taxes will receive a tax refund a lower value of assets because each dent's action in reducing the social secu­ on the excessive amount of their prop­ aged couple or nonmarried person is rity increase request from 10 percent as erty taxes while others will receive a treated as a separate unit. In the Fed­ proposed by former President Johnson to tax credit. To assure that the relief eral Reserve Board Survey, data for such 7 percent is foolhardy. I do not believe which the bill provides will go only to persons who are members of a family­ that the way to achieve a budget surplus those who need it, applicants will be and these are the older persons who have is to take the money for the surplus out of required to list all forms of income which the least assets-are pcoled with data the pockets of social security recipients. they receive including: Adjusted gross for the family unit. Also, I have sponsored legislation which income, support money, public assistance, Regardless of which dollar amounts will increase to $3,000 the amount which the gross amount of any pension or an­ are used, the major asset of older people a social security beneficiary can earn and nuity, nontaxable interest received from is the owned home--not readily con­ not suffer any reduction in his benefit the United States or any other govern­ vertible to cash for daily living-and the level. Finally, I have sponsored legisla­ mental entity, workmen's compensation, lower the income, the lower the assets. tion which will improve the Federal civil and the amount of "loss of time" insur­ The hope that assets are an important service retirement system substantially ance payments. Claimants will not have potential for improving the income situa­ and insure the solvency of the retirement to report gifts from nongovernmental tion of today's older people has focused fund. I have striven during my years in sources, surplus food, or other relief of attention on the possibility of raising the Pennsylvania State Legislature and this kind supplied by a governmental incomes through conversion of assets during my two terms as the representa­ entity. into income prorated over the remaining tive of the Fourth Congressional District The maximum amount of property June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14549 taxes which can be considered in estab­ be considered as the property tax credit product larger than the next five countries lishing the Federal tax credit or the tax for the purpases of the tax credit or tax of the world. refund which would be accorded to low­ refund. Last fall the Investors League formed a Congressional Awards Committee to honor income senior citizens under my bill is Property taxes are considered as un­ annually the two United States Senators and $300. The tax credit or refund will be usually high if they exceed a certain per­ two Congressmen who, in the opinion of the available not only to homeowners but to centage of household income. These per­ Committee, have contributed the most to apartment dwellers as well. For renters centages are increased as household in­ the American enterprise system in each ses­ my bill assumes that, to the extent that come increases. After determining the sion of Congress. This is one way in which landlords can shift the property tax bur­ amount of the tax which is excessive, a the 24 million Americans who have invested den to tenants, low-income senior citi­ percentage of this excessive part will be in our business system can acknowledge the zens in rented quarters also feel the relieved under my bill. contribution made to strengthen the coun­ pinch of increasing property taxes. Thus try. To determine how much of a tax credit What a wonderful goal it would be if 100 the bill provides the assumption that 25 or refund a claimant under this bill will million Americans could be helped to become percent of the annual rent payment will receive the following formula is used: investors in the private enterprise system! Sincerely yours, WILLIAM JACKMAN, II Ill IV v President, Investors League, Inc. "If household income is- times the amount JOHN T. McCARTY, Then the allow- by which eligible of household but not more able claim is the property taxes and plus- income in Chairman, Congressional Awards Com· At least- than- product of- rent exceed the excess of- mittee. sum of-

0 $500 . 75 0 0% $500 1, 000 . 75 0 3% $500 1, 000 1,500 .60 $15 6% 1,000 VIVA CHAVEZ 1,500 2,000 .60 45 9% 1, 500 2,000 2, 500 . 60 90 12% 2,000 2, 500 .60 150 15% 2, 500 HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. OF CALIFORNIA Some examples of the tax refund or lower incomes tend to pay a larger per­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES credit which a household would receive centage of their incomes in property under my bill are as follows: A family taxes than those with higher incomes. I Monday, June 2, 1969 with an annual household income of $400 believe my bill will reduce the regres­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. would receive $225. A family with an an­ sivity substantially without causing the Speaker, California's Imperial Valley is nual household income of $700 would re­ slightest fiscal dislocation to State or part of what Nicholas von Hoffman, the ceive $221. A family with an annual local governments. Most importantly, astute young Washington Post feature household income of $1,200 would re­ this bill will increase the buying power writer, terms "the other California-the ceive $163.80. A family with an annual of our senior citizens living on fixed in­ valleys, fiat, hot, laborious, where they household income of $1,600 would receive comes and allow them to keep their grow the food, the fruit, the grapes." $147.60. A family with an annual house­ hard-won homes. Two weeks ago, my friend Cesar hold income of $2,200 would receive Chavez led a group of grape strikers on $111.60. A family with an annual house­ a march through Imperial Valley, hold income of $3,000 would receive through the area in which I was born and $60. A family with an annual house­ INVESTORS LEAGUE INC. WILL where I grew up, through the beauty and hold income of $3,500 or more would re­ RECOGNIZE OUTSTANDING MEM­ the heat over the Mexican border to bring ceive no refund or credit under the bill. BERS OF HOUSE AND SENATE attention to the maneuverings of some In States which have enacted legisla­ grape producers who are bringing labor­ tion similar to the bill which I have in­ er::; across the border in an effort to break troduced today, the fiscal impact on the HON. 0. C. FISHER the 4-year strike. economy has not been too great. How­ OF TEXAS I have supported the huelga over these ever, I feel that my bill will help the State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES past 4 years, and I will extend my back­ and local governments avoid even this Monday, June 2, 1969 ing-and whatever else I can d~for as slight drain on their available resources long as this vital drive continues to ex­ since it appears that the major reason Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, the prestig­ tend and maintain decent working and why more States than Wisconsin and ious Investors League, Inc., devoted to living conditions for grapeworkers. Minnesota have not enacted such legis­ the cause of good government, is wield­ Nicholas von Hoffman accompanied lation is because even the minimal :finan­ ing a wholesome influence in behalf of the marchers through Imperial Valley. cial impact of the tax credits or refunds a lofty cause. The league is advancing He was there in Brawley, and reported involved could well push them over the the cause of free enterprise-which is on problems faced by Mexican-Ameri­ brink to fiscal disaster. the very soul of Anglo-Saxon civiliza­ can students in the local high school. The Wisconsin law was passed in 1964 tion. This is indeed a commendable ob­ And, as von Hoffman points out: and liberalized in 1966. In 1967, it pro­ jective, for which this organization is The students' complaints are the usual ones vided tax relief to 69,000 low-income being widely acclaimed. you can hear from minority kids if you care elderly families who own or rent their Under leave to extend my remarks in to listen to them talk about their schools. the RECORD I include a letter recently homes with an average payment of I picture not only the problems of $94.78. Thus, $6.3 million was lost to the received by me from the Investors League. The letter follows: Brawley, but also those same sentiments State treasury even though the amount which are raised almost daily in my con­ granted came to about 1 percent of the Congressman 0. C. FISHER, stituency of East Los Angeles. total property tax collections in the House Office Building, I would now like to insert Nicholas von State. About 98 percent of the money Washington, D.O. DEAR CONGRESSMAN FISHER: In our tours Hoffman's article, "Viva Chavez," into paid out under this law was in the form around America, we continually see our fel­ the RECORD along with a story from the of tax refunds to households whose in­ low citizens, the majority of whom are work­ May 23 Los Angeles Citizen describing come was low enough so they did not ing, raising familles, contributing their further the Imperial Valley march. have to pay taxes. money and talent to community better­ [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, The Advisory Commission on Inter­ ment, voluntarily paying their taxes, and still May 21, 1969) having the energy to ponder the many prob­ governmental Relations has recognized VIVA CHAVEZ the need that some property tax relief lems of our times. be provided for the elderly in its reports, The American private enterprise system (By Nicholas von Hoffman) has helped almost 90 % of us to enjoy a piece BRAWLEY, CALIF.-There are two Cali­ State and local :finances-significant f ea­ of the American dream. Too often today we fornias. There is the California of the tures. The most serious problem with the are prone to criticize individuals and in­ beaches, the mountains, the good places to property tax, especially as it applies to stitutions including our economic system eat, the resorts, the places where you do low-income senior citizens, is that it which is based on risks and rewards and has your California dreamin.' The other Cali­ tends to be regressive and those with enabled Americans to enjoy a gross national fornia is of the valleys, flat, hot, la.borious, 14550 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 where they grow the food, the fruit, the harvest time, and then, after defanging and rally in Calexico, which culminated a 100- grapes. disarming the union, would force it into mile trek by grape pickers through the desert Bakersfield, Delano in the San Joaquin are compulsory arbitration. It would also make to the Mexican border. in the second California of stoop-labor and secondary boycotts of grapes in supermarkets Drake said that Mexican nationals---plck­ heat. SO is this town, Brawley, a green place illegal. It's been the attempt to boycott ers permitted to work on the U.S. side of the in the desert of the Imperial Valley, about grapes being sold by supermarket chains border on temporary green cards---are more 30 miles from the Mexican border. It's not that have dramatized the strike and spread responsive than ever to UFWOC's appeal for too much of a place with its drive-ins and the word of it across the country. The march­ support. its used car lots, their plastic pennants for­ ers here carried signs saying "Abajo Safe­ "We hope to consolidate previous inroads ever fiuttering. It's a town that reminds you way" (Down with Safeway). we've made with gains last Sunday in com­ a little bit of Greenwood, M1ss., except that "They should give us a Wagner Act as they municating with 'green carder' crew lead­ the Government-subsidized irrigation has did the other unions In the 1930s when they ers," Drake said. made it richer and there are palm trees, were young and weak. They should give us "We're offering to treat them the same those giraffes of the vegetable world. the same protection and freedom the Wag­ as our own members in asking that they re­ The other day there was a Mexican man ner Act gave the other unions for an equal spect picket lines." on the highway which runs south from length of time. If we had an equal chance in This would include a guarantee of senior­ coachella through desert where there is noth­ the local courts and in the importation of ity in the union once contracts are signed ing to see but sand, scrubble brush and the strikebreakers, we could beat them in the and the possibility of strike benefits, accord­ signs of real estate developers proclaiming :fields anytime," says Chavez who empha­ ing to Drake. the coming of lakes, marinas and planned sizes it was only after the unions were orga­ The UFWOC official said that the strong ret irement cities. A robust old man he was, nized under the Wagner Act that restric­ prospect of greater support from Mexican not feeble, but bowlegged, redfaced, wearing tions on boycotts and striking were put on pickers is the result of a combination of sev­ a strawhat and carrying a sign which read, them in the form of Taft-Hartley law which eral factors. "Slow Down, Marchers Ahead." Heavy, ar­ was designed to limit the power of overly The United Farm Workers :first of all has ticulated diesel semis hauling onions and strong unions, but which effectively destroys taken a different course In communicating alfalfa and sugar beets drove with undimin­ new unions. with "green carders," Drake said. ished speed and noise past him. Their wind When the marchers reached Brawley they "We're not just asking them to stay away,'' almost blew him off the hot highway, but were joined by several hundred high school he said, but have appealed to them to join he held his position, following them with kids who ,are in revolt because the school has us because our intention is not to shut them his head and his eyes as they rolled off into forbidden them to wear a button proclaim­ out of their jobs." the desert. He wouldn't give up. ing the "Mexican-American Revolution," or The Mexican press also has been "more A half mile up the road came the march­ so says Loupe Sabala, their 18-year-old lead­ positive" in coverage of the situation and ers. They wouldn't give up either. There er. "They said our button meant violence the march was a singularly important ele­ weren't many of them, maybe 40 or 50 grape even after we explained that we meant revo­ ment in changing attitudes, he said. strikers walking down the highway being led lution through education. They said they "The march came across as a 'gut issue• by a woman in a straw cowboy hat. She were for our goals but the button would to the Mexicans," Drake said. "I think they carried the gold and white canvas painting cause so much turmoil that they had to ban really saw for the :first time the plight of farm of Our Lady of Guadaloupe on a staff. it,'' he explains. workers on this side of the border." Slightly behind her on either side were men The students' complaints are the usual Another major factor was the appearance carrying the American and Mexican flags. o! Sen. Edward M. Kennedy at last Sunday's For four years the Mexican-Americans ones you can hear !rom minority kids if you care to listen to them talk about their rally. have had their strike, their huelga as they schools. They say they are discouraged by "His personal support of the strike and hls call it, against the grape growers and for the teachers from trying to enroll in the aca­ urging 'green carders' to listen to Cesar social justice. They and their leader, Caesar demic classes that lead to college and the (Chavez, UFWOC director) to respect picket Chavez, have marched, picketed, vigiled, professions, that they are put down, that lines and join the union had a tremendous struck, fasted, implored and prayed to little their cult ure and history is ignored and that effect,'' according to Drake. purpose. Only 11 companies have signed con­ kids who speak Spanish only are dumped Kennedy told a crowd of about 1000 in tracts with the union. But they're like the into classes for the mentally retarded. Now Calexico last Sunday that he had traveled old man. They don't give up. Instead they the 3000 miles from Washington to tell farm think up more tricks and stunts to perform they are aroused, imbued with a new sense of la raza that makes them identify them­ workers that "the voice of Cesar Chavez is so they can catch the national attention and being heard in Congress." press their claims on somebody who will selves with all Mexioan-American aspirations and pushes them to take their place in the "Injustices to farm workers can no longer honor them. line of march when their parents hang back be tolerated,'' he declared. This latest contretemps which ended on He also told the cheering throng that it the Mexican border a few days ago is an with the frightened conservatism of older people whose whole lives have been one long has been 50 years since child labor was abol­ attempt to hook up with the Mexican labor ished in the textile mills In Massachusetts movement to prevent the importation of squelch. They are marching in the valleys of the and that It is about time child la.bor be pro­ strikebreakers from the other side, some­ hibited in the fields. thing the American government ls suppose second California. The laws of Washington or not they will walk on, hopefully without Since then, leaflets printed in Spanish and to stop but does not. It ls another example distributed at the border Inform readers of of the growing number of complaints that violence, hopefully still believing in our sys­ tem of government and economics, hopefully Kennedy's position-"respect the picket lines, the government primarily serves the power­ join the union." ful and the well organized and not the weak still reciting their litany of militance and progress: Growers attempting to counter apparent and disorganized. gains of UFWOC with "green carders" are Recently Washington has paid the farm­ "Que Viva La Hulga ! taking full page ads in newspapers painting worker's union some attention. However, Que Viva Virgen de Guadaloupe ! a picture of lush jobs awaiting pickers in the Chavez wishes the Secretary of Labor hadn't Que Viva Caesar Chavez! vineyards. bothered because he regards the Administra­ Que viva La Causal Sharing the platform with Kennedy at Cal­ tion's proposals for new legislation as a Que Viva La Raza!" exico were Sen. Ralph Yarborough (D-Texas) union-busting scheme wrapped up in the Sen. Walter Mondale (D-Minn.), and Rep. language of philanthropy. "For 35 years the [From the Los Angeles (Calif.) Citizen, John Tunney (D-Rlverside). growers have opposed all legislation, they've May 23, 1969] been against everything, including child Yarborough and Mondale had led the last ,LONG MARCH PAYS OFF: ANOTHER GRAPE labor regulation and minimum wages, but five miles of the march to the border, started now they turn around and support this law,'' STRIKE LoOMS WITH "GREEN CARDER" SUP- in Indio May 11 to dramatize UFWOC's cam­ PORT paign to organize the Mexican farm worker says Chavez, a quiet, pious man around (By Sal Perrotta) whom a cult of admiration akin to Martin commuters. Lut her King's ls building. The countdown for another grape harvest The number of marchers reached its peak Chavez, like King, has integrated non-vio­ showdown between the United Farm Work­ Sunday after a low of 35 during the week as lence into his working philosophy of life, ers and Coachella Valley growers is ticking the group braved Intense heat of the Coa­ but unlike King, Chavez can be very specific off the final days toward a strike in the chella and Imperial Valleys, at times hitting a sweltering 106 degrees. about law and technicality. He is not only vineyards. a leader of "la raza" as the Mexican-Ameri­ A meeting set for tonight in Coachella may While UFWOC officials made final plans for cans collectively call themselves, but a man signal the start of picketing in a matter the strike, their boycott of California table who heads a labor union and wants the pro­ of days, according to Jim Drake, United grapes gained more International sig­ tection of government supervised union elec­ Farm Workers organizing Committee nificance. tions, something farmworkers have never (UFWOC) administrative assistant to Cesar Dominion Stores Ltd., the largest retail had. He doesn't want what the Nixon Admin­ Chavez. grocery chain in Canada, agreed to support istration is offering because he believes it Full scale grape picking is slated to begin the boycott. Canada represents the largest would put farm workers under the jurisdic­ in early June. export market for California grapes, having tion of the grower-controlled Department of Optimism for a successful strike has per­ purchased about $20 mlllion worth a year ln Agriculture, would forbid strikes during vaded planning especially since last Sunday's the past. June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS I 14551 A GROUP OF QUEENS COUNTY, N.Y., eight months had been driving tanks and the throughout the entire footwear industry ATTORNEYS PRESENTED BY CON­ lumbering personnel carriers around Viet­ and into supporting industries. nam. GRESSMAN BENJAMIN ROSEN­ "His greatest fear," his father said, "was Congress can and should act on H.R. THAL that he would get caught in one of those 7696 to achieve orderly marketing in carriers when it was hit. The survival rate place of the chaos now prevailing for HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL of their drivers is almost zero." much of the American footwear industry. PLANNED GRADUATE WORK The above-mentioned articles follow: OF NEW YORK The Rockville soldier had joined the Army [From the Leather and Shoes magazine, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES after college graduation when his draft de­ Feb. l, 1969] Monday, June 2, 1969 ferment ended. TARIFF FAILS To MENTION WAGE DISPARITY Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, this He had planned to do graduate work in FACTOR theoretical mathematics-where his talents (By Lloyd M. Hampton) morning it was my distinct pleasure to had won him honors at Maryland-but de­ The sobering t~timony offered by domes­ sponsor a group of attorneys from the cided to delay his further studies when he was reclassified, his father said. tic shoe industry witnesses before the U.S. Queens County Bar Association-New Tariff Oommlssion in the fall of 1968 indi­ York City-for admission to practice "We never could understand," Mr. Higgin­ botham said, "how the Army decided to make cated repeatedly that the crux of the rapidly before the U.S. Supreme Court. escalating imports crisis lay in the existing a tank or personnel carrier driver out of I was delighted to have been asked to him. The Army's placement people must chasm-like u.s.-versus-foreign wage dif­ participate in the presentation of these have majored in stupidity, it always seemed ferential. individuals to the Court, and am taking to us." As succlnctly expressed last Oct. 28 by the liberty of listing their names here­ Specialist Higginbotham, who was born in Alan H. Goldstein of the National Footwear with in the RECORD, as follows: Washington and lived in the metropolitan Manufacturers Association, "The price ad­ his vantage of imports is due entirely to the dif­ A GROUP OF QUEENS COUNTY, N.Y., ATrORNEYS area most of life, was a graduate of our Lady of Good Counsel High School in ference in labor costs between American fac­ PRESENTED BY CONGRESSMAN BENJAMIN Wheaton, Md. tories and factories in Europe and Asian ROSENTHAL countries. Practically all imported footwear He is survived by his parents, Mr. .and Mrs. Harry Berlin, Lee H. Bostic, Thomas J. Charles Higginbotham, of 14416 Pecan drive, 1s producted at wage and hour costs that Dillon, Terry S. Eleftheriades, Albert I. Gil­ Rockville; a sister, Pamela, and his grand­ would be Hlegal in the United States." man, Miss Pattricia F. Gilmartin, Ira M. Hari­ mothers, Mrs. Ida Higginbotham, of New In another statement, Irving R. Glass, rep­ resenting U.S. tanners, made it clear to ton, Kenneth R. Hendra, Eli Katz, John W. Martinsville, W.Va., and Mrs. Florence Evart, Tariff Kenny. o! Santa Ros.a, Calif. hearing panel members that "The Robert P. Leighton, Arthur W. Lonschein, strength o! import competition and the Robert I. Mandel, James J. McDonald, Har­ growth of shoe imports rests on comparative old B. McLaughlin, Raymond F. O'Brien, labor costs." Miss Marjorie O'Connell, Andrew J. Orensky, Yet interestingly, a careful review of the Miss Joan E. Osterndorf, John F. Osterndorf. ACT NOW TO PROTECT THE Commission's Jan. 17 report to the President Joseph J. Regan, Jr., Milard K. Roper, U.S. SHOE INDUSTRY on its probe of the economic state of the U.S. Lawrence R. Schneider, Ronald J. Schwartz, nonrubber shoe sector failed to tutn up any Joscelyn E. Smith, Francis J. Valentino, reference--cursory or otherwise-ta the wage Donald Warren, Jerome M. Weinberg, Frttz differential question, this despite the impor­ Weinschenk. HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN tant consideration it would seem to deserve OF NEW HAMPSHIRE if expert testimony by high, responsible in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dustry officials 1s any criteria. Monday, June 2, 1969 According to industry spokesmen, the U.S. KILLED footwear manufacturer views the wage dif­ Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, the time ference factor as something with which he to act to ward off the threat of extinction is unable to cope. This, in addition to the HON. CLARENCE D. LONG to a major segment of our national foot­ shoe trade's admitted inabi11ty to offset wear industry is now. Not only are there higher labor costs here, although the indus­ OF MARYLAND many domestic jobs at stake in this sit­ try enjoys a 25 to 30 percent greater produc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tivity than any other nation, would appear uation-a factor which should be a prin­ to provide an adequate incentive for any Monday, June 2, 1969 cipal consideration when the Federal force investigating trade, Tariff included, to Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, Government enters into import agree­ want to study in-depth an issue as pertinent Sp4c. Robert M. Higginbotham, an out­ ments-but also involved is the prospect as the wage disparity matter. standing young man from Maryland, was of economic chaos in those small towns Unfortunately, however, this most central and cities across the Nation which liter­ wage question about which many say the killed recently in Vietnam. I would like shoe imports situation primarily revolves ap­ to commend his courage and honor his ally survive from local shoe plants. Sup­ parently was not held by Tariff at the time memory by including the following arti­ porting industries are also concerned and of its investigation to be o! sufficient sig­ cle in the RECORD. the danger signals for these are fiashing. ni:flcance to warrant even mentioning in its recently-released. report to the White House. HIGGINBOTHAM, MATHEMATICIAN, DIES IN The evidence is undeniable that the VIETNAM products of many of our factories cannot As a result, the report's incompleteness compete with low-labor costs overseas. becomes a matter of sizeable concern. Why? Army Spec. 4 Robert M. Higginbotham, a Because it was widely understood at the promising theoretical mathematician who The wage disparity factor involved re­ sults in a general loss of American pro­ probe's outset last year that the study was was named the outstanding senior in the to be as President Johnson termed it a "com­ University of Maryland's 1967 graduating duction due to reduction in demand for prehensive" one. It would appear to have class was killed in action in Vietnam last the product produced under the neces­ fallen short of that request. Thus, a report week, the Defense Department reported yes­ sarily higher wage scale. that was supposed to thoroughly acquaint terday. The answer should rest on what will the new Chief Executive and the Congress The father of the 23-year-old Rockvllle with all facets of the footwear imports prob­ soldier called his son's death "a complete and best benefit the American industry. This does not require a complete cutoff of for­ lem instead supplies only part o! the infor­ tragic waste. His life has gone for nothing mation required-hardly a sound baslll upon in a senseless mllitary adventure." eign imports. But we should make certain which to form the right, most equitable Specialist Higginbotham, a member of the our domestic interests are protected in judgment relating to the mounting imports America! Division, was killed May 14, the this matter. All that is needed is a fair situation. Pentagon said, when the armored personnel competitive situation-and I am certain To say, as Ta.r11f sources told this column, carrier he was driving was hit by enemy -American industry, given this opportu­ that the wage imbalance question was not rocket fire near Chu Lai in Quang Tin prov­ discussed in the report because such foreign ince southeast of Da Nang. nity, will still come out ahead. The following two articles written by data was not readily avaUable, 1s amazing TANK, APC DRIVER Lloyd M. Hampton, Washington editor of in light of figures unearthed by the footwear "Bob left here feeling he was never com­ Leather and Shoes magazine, are illus­ industry. ing back," the soldier's father, Charles A. For instance, during the October 1968 Tar11f Higginbotham, said yesterday. "He thought trative of the chaotic condition in certain proceedings, domestic shoemen laid before things were looking up, but his first feelings segments of the footwear industry at this the Commissioners such "not readily avail­ were right." time. There is no doubt but that, unless able" foreign footwear information as Italy's Specialist Higginbotham had been in the something is done now to offset this sit­ basic hourly wage of 50 cents, plus all fringe Army for a year and a half and for the past uation, the same conditions will spread benefits coming to about another 50 cents; CXV--916-Part 11 14552 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 Spanish footwear plants being reliably re­ hood that imports will "somewhat" outdis­ further noting that they resulted, in part, ported to be paying their workers approxi­ tance domestic yearly production. from a substantial number of mergers. mately a total of 40 cents per hour; Japanese Taking this into consideration along with Most of the establishments stopping pro­ hourly wages amounting to around 35 cents the prospect that both U.S. production and duction of nonrubber shoes were small which, including fringe benefits, total less imports are likely to go on climbing, Tariff plants that employed less than 250 workers than one quarter of U.S. wage and fringe was moved to comment: "Under these cir­ the government agency said, adding: "Con­ considerations. cumstances, the anticipated rise in imports sequently, the share of U.S. output concen­ Also, in Hong Kong, a female footwear em­ m ight have no greater effect on the profita­ trated in firms producing more than two ployee is doing good to earn $50. a month for bility of domestic producers' operations-in million pairs each is moderately larger cur­ a 10-hour day, 60-hour week; in Taiwan, a the overall-than at present." rently than a decade ago." footwear girl worker may earn from a low Referring to smaller footwear operations, RETAILERS EYE IMPORTS of $13. to $14. monthly to a high of 11 cents the Commission felt that some of these pro­ per hour for a 60-hour week; and, in France, ducers "probably would continue" to func­ On price trends, the report emphasized with the hikes made a short time before the that since the mid-1950's the wholesale prices tion "at low levels of profit." However, many of leather footwear have upped more sharply October Tariff hearing, wages and fringes of them, the report stated, "would likely be were placed at less than half those in this significant ly affected by competition not only than those of nondurable manufactures and country. of wearing apparel. "Rising wholesale prices from imports of nonrubber footwear, but also have stimulated retailers' interest in im­ The government agency's footwear probe from sales of nonrubber footwear by their ports," Tariff pointed out, con.tinuing that covered more than an eight month span­ larger domestic competitors and from sales "retailers, like producers, are reluctant to beginning April 29, 1968-yet time limita­ of other types of both imported and domestic alter their price lines." tions, it maintained, prevented the gathering footwear" such as canvas-rubber. Where employment and wages are con­ of the overseas wage data. Further, sources SHOE IMPORTS UP "MARKEDLY" cerned, the report mentioned among other pointed out, even if wage figures from abroad things that (1) U.S. nonrubber footwear had been assembled in time, they would not Other remarks contained in the Tariff re­ port included the following: producers employed about the same number have produced a valid comparative picture. of production workers in 1968 as in 1963 In order to achieve this it was explained, U.S. consumption: Since 1955 the annual other required-but equally unobtainable-­ U.S. consumption of nonrubber footgear has but about six percent fewer than in 1954-56; grown at an average annual rate slightly (2) the average number of weekly hours per information such as productivity, etc., was worker, however, was slightly higher, and the needed. greater than that of the U.S. population­ about two percent compared with 1.5 percent. wages earned were materially higher, in 1968 The wage disparity factor is what the grow­ than in 1963; ( 3) the rise in weekly hours ing imports peril is said to be all about. Since the mid-1950's, consumption of the shoes in this country has increased less per worker probably reflected in part a short Being at the root of the U.S. imports flood, labor supply; (4) to the extent labor short­ it certainly provided one of the more basic rapidly than other types. U.S. production: The annual growth rate ages limited U.S. output or delayed deliveries reasons for the Tariff shoe investigation. Be­ such shortages probably stimulated imports cause it was not even touched upon in the of nonrubber footwear since the mid-1950's has averaged around 0.8 percent. Thus, the here of nonrubber footwear. final Commission report, the study can be In the area of profit-and-loss experience seen to be lacking in vital content critical average annual output of such footwear was about a tenth greater in 1965-67 than in of U.S. manufacturers, Tariff held that "The to comprehensive review, evaluation and com­ profitability of the domestic producers of ment by the just-installed Administration. 1954-56. The output in 1966--a record year­ was about seven percent larger than that in nonrubber footwear has improved materially 1963. Output dropped in 1967 to about the since 1963." [From the Leather and Shoes magazine, 1963 level, but recovered in the first eight Total annual net profits of all producers Feb. 1, 1969) months of 1968 to an annual rate slightly were estimated to have doubled between SHOE IMPORTS Wn.L TOP U.S. OUTPUT, TARIFF greater than the record level of 1966. In re­ 1963 and 1967. Large firms turning out non­ SAYS cent years, footwear for women and misses rubber shoes reported generally that earn­ (By Lloyd M. Hampton) has accounted for nearly 50 percent of the ings were higher in the first half of 1968 annual output of the nonrubber articles. than in the corresponding 1967 period, the WASHINGTON .-As seen by the u .s. Tariff Commission said. Commission, domestic consumption of non­ About half of the domestic nonrubber foot­ rubber footwear will probably continue to wear sold in the U.S. in 1967 was marketed expand at a pace somewhat higher than the at wholesale at less than $4 per pair. Nation's population growth rate; both U.S. U.S. exports: The volume of U.S. shipments _production and imports are likely to con­ abroad of nonrubber shoes has gone down SOMALIA-FOREIGN AID tinue to increase, with imports outstripping almost annually since the mid-1950's. Yearly AFFLUENCY this country's output on an annual basis. exports of such footwear, which have been These and other projections were included equal to less than one percent of domestic in the Commission's recently-completed re­ production for some years, declined from 4.6 HON. JOHN R. RARICK port covering its investigation of the eco­ million pairs in 1955 to 2.2 million pairs in 1967. Overseas shipments in 1968 were prob­ OF LOUISIANA nomic condition of U.S. nonrubber shoe pro­ ably at about the same level as those in 1967. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ducers and what effect imports have on the Footwear with leather uppers have made up domestic industry, including the competi­ Monday, June 2, 1969 tive relationship between foreign footwear most of the U.S. exports of nonrubber shoes. deliveries received here and their products. U.S. imports: Annual imports to the U.S. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, in the re­ of nonrubber footwear "have increased mark­ mote African country of Somalia, its PROBE STARTED IN APRD.. 1968 edly" in recent years, and have supplied an citizens are subjected to competitive for­ Over eight months in the making, the increasing share of domestic consumption of 110-page report was sent to the President such goods. Deliveries here in 1967 were dou­ eign aid. Jan. 17. ble those in 1963 and many times those in So far, the U.N., Soviet Russia, Com­ Basically a fact-finding study, it offers no the mid-1950's; moreover, imports in 1968 munist China, the United States, Italy, recommendations. If any move is made to probably were nearly 40 percent greater than and 16 other countries are all contribut­ alleviate the imports _crush, it will have to those in 1967. Imports accounted for 12 per­ ing financial assistance to gain preferen­ come from the White House and Congress cent of the nonrubber footwear sold in the tial influence. after both sectors have had a chance to U.S. in 1964, 18 percent in 1967, and prob­ And not unlike other foreign aid proj­ review the report. ably 22 percent last year. Imports generally ects, where political considerations take Ordered by President Johnson last April 29, supply a larger share of the women's and the report covers a broad spectrum of in­ misses' nonrubber shoes marketed here than precedence over economic aid, no one is formation on U.S. producers of nonrubber they do of either men's, youths' and boys' or benefiting. shoes, including their financial experience children's and infants'-23 percent compared I insert a report from Berbera, Somalia, and participation in foreign trade; U.S. con­ to 11 percent and 10 percent, respectively, in by C. C. Minlclier, as follows: sumption, production, sales, imports, exports 1967. Vinyl footwear, marketed mainly SOMALIA Is TOP RECIPIENT OF FOREIGN Eco­ and prices of the articles; U.S. Tariff treat­ through retail outlets, offer very inexpensive NOMIC AID--COUNTRY !S GEOGRAPHICALLY ment; channels and methods of distribution; shoes to the consumer; these outlets in­ STRATEGIC SPOT clude the discount chains, dime-store chains, the impact of imports on the domestic foot­ (By C. C. Miniclier) wear industry. drug stores, and other stores featurinP' low- priced merchandise. · - BERBERA, SoMALIA.-Two Soviet destroyers NO CUT IN PROFITS AHEAD MERGER ROLE crrED tied up at the new, Soviet-built port here, As viewed by Tariff, increasing imports held and took on water as their crews watched no added threat to the U.S. shoe producer's Additional observations by Tariff indicated Soviet films ashore and visited with country­ profits. there has been a decrease since the mid- men running the port. According to the Commission's report, 1950's in the number of U.S. firms and in­ Berbera, opposite the former British stra­ technological developments and ingenuity of dividual plant.s making nonrubber footwear. tegic port of Aden, is the best natural harbor design and style are seen as "substantially" These developments, however, started long in Somalia. and the Soviets have built excel­ advancing the competitive position of U.S. before nonrubber footwear wa.s imported in lent dockside fac111ties to handle machinery manufacturers, this in the face of a likeli- appreciable volume, the Commission said, repair, administration and storage. June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14553 A fenced, air-conditioned Soviet compound It is a strategic spot geographically, con­ Brother Sam had a great business Inind and of modern apartment buildings is nearby and trolling southern approaches to the Red Sea, was the out-front member of the team. Jack three radio transmitters, including one said and everyone would appear to be afraid of was the buyer and the man with great mer­ by experts to be powerful enough to com­ being outdone. chandising ab111ty. Monnie learned the ad­ municate easily with Moscow or Vladivostok, The Soviets followed the Americans and ministrative skills and ran the office, and Abe are in working order. built a fish plant; the Americans built a achieved excellence in production. He under­ All this is of strategic convenience to Soviet port, too, at Kismayu near the Soviet meat stood his men and knew how to get the shop naval, fishing and oceanographic vessels. It is plant. Americans and Communist Chinese team working together. It is true that Abe also one of the few major aid projects in have rice growing schemes. Communist never asked a man to do a job he couldn't do Somalia which is a success. China plans to improve Hargeisa's water sup­ himself. In the early part of his career, he HIGHEST AID ply as the Americans improve the water sup­ welded and operated a burning torch and ply at Mogadiscio. The United Nations, Soviet Russia, Com­ bucked up rivets and ran a crane. He knew The final draft of the Somali Republic's every skill required to fabricate a finished munist China, the United States, Italy and Planning Commission program for 1968-70 steel structure. Without any formal engineer­ some 16 other countries have poured more took a hard look at Somalia's wealth of aid ing education, he could often spot an error than $400 million in aid into Somalia since and less than rich results: in layout or fitting. He knew the details of it gained independence in 1960. A U.N. official "More often than not political considera­ estimates this is the highest aid, per person every contract on the company's books, and tions had to take precedence over econoinic he knew every man in his shop. He knew their or per square mile, than any country has and, in the process of decision making, in­ received in its first nine years. families and he knew their problems. Those adequate attention was given to the re­ in the shop who have been around long But casual visitors, and Somali citizens, are quirements of plan implementation." hard put to show where it went. enough to know Abe, really loved him. Abe Il.L CONCEIVED Levinson never went for fancy management On the sand-strewn streets of Moga.discio, terms, but he didn't have to. All he really had the capital, and in Hargeisa, the country's Noting that a number of aid projects to do was talk the language of his people and second largest city, water is still sold by the "turned out to be ill-conceived" due to a at that he was an expert. An expression on gallon from small wagons drawn by donkeys. lack of feasibility studies, the report adds: his face or a little gesture with his hands In march, before some rain fell, water in "Perhaps the single most important factor could sometimes say more to his men than Hargeisa was down to a five-day supply and responsible for the disappointing perform­ the fanciest of fancy speeches. was sell1ng for the equivalent of $1.42 for 16 ance of the five-year plan was the deficiency I will never forget the time some of the gallons. of the administrative machinery of govern­ men gathered around Abe on one of his This ts a country where the average in­ ment." birthdays. Freddy Pfeffer, one of the men in come 1s $60. Abe's layout crew, sheepishly handed Abe a There are no railroads; only 10 commu­ package crudely wrapped and covered with nities are connected by telephone; only 17 ABE LEVINSON greasy finger marks. As he shoved it into of the 86 doctors in the country are So­ Abe's arms, he said simply, "This is from malis and there are only about 81,000 stu­ the boys." There was a long moment of si­ dents in all the country's schools. The pop­ HON. JAMES G. FULTON lence as Abe fingered the package, then tore ulation is about three Inillion. OF PENNSYLVANIA off the paper to discover a beautiful Brown­ AID GRAVEYARD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing shotgun. They knew Abe enjoyed fishing "Somalia ts the absolute graveyard of aid and hunting. Abe looked at the gun and schemes," a Western diplomat told a re­ Monday, June 2, 1969 then looked up at the men gathered around porter. Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. hi~ and said, "you clowns," as everyone It also offers a study of what too much grinned from ear to ear. aid too quickly can do to a country's bal­ Speaker, it is a pleasure to call to the Abe knew his men-he worked with them, ance of payments. attention of the U.S. Congress and the fought with them, hunted and fished with Rice, petroleum, cement and gray sheet­ American people the article on Abe Lev­ them and visited them in their homes. The ing, a particular type of cloth used in most inson, one of the three founding brothers overfiow crowd which poured into the Schu­ Somali clothing, can be imported only from of the Levinson Steel Co., as an outstand­ gar Funeral Home the morning of the service specified aid-giving countries to meet So­ ing industrialist and a fine member of was a grea·t tribute to Abe and to the esteem malia's debt to them. his good community. We are glad to in­ which the community felt toward him. Not Although Somalis prefer the texture and only were there personal friends and busi­ price of rice from Thailand, only Egyptian clude this article by·Aaron P. Levinson, a ness friends and family, but scores of the and U.S. rice may be imported-to meet nephew and president of the Levinson men who work in the Levinson shop came credit demands. Steel Co., as a fitting tribute to this fine to pay their last respects-even some men American and British service stations in American: · long retired like Luther Powell and Louis Somalia distribute Soviet petroleum because When I heard Rabbi Goldblum's eloquen't Tallerico. Eddie Wright, chief shop steward, of Somalia's debt to Russia. Only Egyptian eulogy of Abe Levinson, I was touched. There when he heard about Abe's dea.-th bowed his and Soviet cement and Soviet gray sheeting was so much about Abe that was captured so head and said to Harry Stein, "Whatever are imported for the same reason, say gov­ beautifully-the comparison to the sabra, success I have had in my life, I owe a large ernment sources. tough on the outside and soft and sweet on part of it to Abe Levinson." As Charlie Reed Several aid projects stand as monuments the inside; his description of Abe's distinc­ walked by the casket, he said to me, "Abe to poor planning. tive trait of making great demands on him­ was the best friend I ever had." The United States financed a major fish self before he made demands on others; his But Abe Levinson wasn't just a shop man. processing plant at Alula, on the Gulf of love of family and friends. But as I listened, He knew the psychology of people in every Aden, after a fisheries man noted large I knew that Abe's greatness could never be walk of life. My Dad, when he was President numbers of tuna in the area. really captured in a short eulogy. Abe was not of· the company, often asked Abe to accom­ But someone forgot to tell him that tuna a simple man. Even though a fiowery treatise pany him on business trips. His straight­ move about. They'd left by the time the plant on Abe's life would not befit the man, one forward style and Sam's great personality was finished. It ls now idle among drifts of cannot be too brief even if only to touch on complemented each other. Abe was often a sand. A quick trip down the beach to two the highlights of his character, his tempera­ great help in winning customers for Levin­ smaller Italian fish plants would have shown ment and his personality. son Steel. His knowledge and understanding that smaller, seasonal plants work best wlth To accept Abe you had to accept the whole o! production irtstilled confidence in prospec­ the fish in the Gulf of Aden. man. Some of his principles and convictions t1 ve buyers. MAJOR EXPORTS and the things on which he placed emphasis Abe, for many years, was a seven day a Inight have been different than yours, but his Meat and bananas are Somalia's major ex­ week guy, He often said, "That shop is my ports. total impact on those who really knew him life." Every once in a whlle he stayed in the and on his family and his company was great. shop all night when something wasn't just The Soviets have completed what visitors He was not a man who needed blue ribbons or report is the ultimate word in a clean, effi­ right. He aittended his shop and his shop fancy titles. He went about the business of problems much as a mother would watch cient meat-packing plant at Kismayu. But helping to make Levinson Steel a great com­ someone forgot to tell the Soviets that So­ over a sick child. Abe's special kind of spirit pany in his own way-in the final analysis, a and dedication caught on with every person malia's customers don't buy tinned or sausage very effective way. His direct and sometimes meat, such as the plant produces. The cus­ on his team. I remem·ber so vividly the words seeiningly blunt style was sometimes not of wisdom which came out of his mouth. tomers are largely Islamic and meat exports fully understood by those who did not know of camels, goats and sheep are live, on the When I was just learning something about him too well. But no one could know Abe the Levinson plant and about supervision hoof. Levinson for a long time without loving him. Agriculture research projects, educational he said, "Our men really are pretty smart if He truly passed the test of time with those you just give them a chance. If a new man efforts and medical assistance by several who knew him best. isn't doing his job right, it's usually your foreign countries have had varying success. In the early days of the company's history, fault, not his. New men are sometimes Why so much aid to an arid, undeveloped Abe and his brothers in the business were a ashamed to t~ll you if they don't under­ country of largely nomadic peoples? · great team. They complemented each other. stand.'.' Then he proceeded to tell me how 14554 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS to be sure they did understand. Even in the and quietly, he died, but he died the way he married Miss Martin, and three years later early thirties, Levinson had night crews and he wanted to, with his boots on. Miss Heffernan. Abe knew so well the fundamentals of cor­ There was greatness in Abe Levinson-the But despite some sniping in the House at relating the work of the first and second greatness that is made of humility, love of his "moral character," Justice Douglas has shifts. I would always watch with amazement fellow man, love of family, simple tastes, dili­ remained as unconcerned, apparently, as he as he and his right hand man, Yossell Gold­ gence and hard work. His memory will always has always been over criticism from all stein would instruct second shif.t men, never be an inspiration to those of us who were quarters. missing a detail-and then painstakingly privileged to know him. His professional critics are mostly lawyers have it all played back to be sure he was un­ A. P. LEVINSON. and professors who continue to follow the derstood. He knew the basic elements of philosophy of the late Justice Felix Frank­ industrial psychology and training and mo­ furter, roughly defined as "judicial restraint," tivation. He just oalled them by other names or as President Nixon likes to call it, "strict and his methods worked. Everyone was HON. WILLIAM ORVILLE DOUGLAS constructionism." anxious to prove himself to Abe and this They have long accused Justice Douglas of added up to a loyal, h81rd working team. being "result-oriented." By this they mean Even though he often said, "That shop is HON. DON EDWARDS that he assertedly ignores established prece­ my ll!fe," there really was another part of OF CALIFORNIA dents in order to reach results that he favors. Abe's life equaHy important-his family. He dismisses this criticism as frivolous, Nothing and no one was more important IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stating that his rulings are based on his than Bess and the kids and the grandchil­ Monday, June 2, 1969 interpretation of the Constitution, which dren. Even thou~h Abe was strong w1lled and he believes is firmly planted in history. when he made up his mind, he was hard to Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. "The American Government," he once deter, there was always one person he lis­ Speaker, the following article from the wrote, "is premised on the theory that if the tened to, the one person who really watched New York Times of May 26, 1969, is an mind of man ls to be free, his ideas, his over him and made sure that he didn't ne­ excellent short biography of the distin­ beliefs, his ideology, his philosophy must be glect his health-Bess. I think I knew a little guished Associate Justice of the U.S. Su­ placed beyond the reach of government." a.bout that relationship because you see, Abe preme Court, William Orville Douglas: In the early 1950's this view, held also by was my Dad's brother and Bess ls my mother's Justice Hugo Black, came into sharp conflict sister. Besides that, Abe and Bessie were my AT 70, THE "YOUNGEST" JUSTICE OF ALL: with that of a majority of the court. Led godfather and godmother. If there was ever WU.LIAM ORVILLE DOUGLAS intellectually by Justice Frankfurter, the su­ a woman of strength, quietly behind the (By Sidney E. Zion) preme Court upheld one after another gov­ scenes, giving a man a feeling of self-con­ WASHINGTON, May 25.-During a recess at ernmental incursion on free speech and as­ fidence, it was Bess Levinson with Abe. A his­ the trial of Dr. Benjamin Spock in Boston sociation, aimed at what was widely termed torian could have written a book aibout the last year, word filtered out that the Supreme the "menace" of domestic Communism. Abe-Bess Levinson team. Court had upheld the Federal statute mak­ Arguing that the First Amendment was in­ And Abe was so pleased and proud of his ing it a crime to burn draft cards. "What was tended to protect all speech, including the son, Joel, and his sons-in-law, Morry Podol­ the vote?" a dejected radical lawyer asked. Communists', who he once described as "mis­ sky and Harry Stein. The partnership he had "Seven to Douglas," an observer answered. erable merchants of unwanted ideas," Jus­ with his boys in Levinson's production team Everyone chuckled but nobody was surprised. tice Douglas spent most of these "McCarthy added richness and joy to his life. Abe had In his 30 years on the Supreme Court, Wil­ years" in dissent. outstanding children and he knew it. Like liam Orville Douglas has often stood alone in The phrase "Black and Douglas dissenting" his brother, Sam, it was not always easy for defense of civil liberties that other justices became a. commonplace, and at the same time Abe to express praise and admiration, but could not or would not recognize. a banner to which a generation of law stu­ privately to me, he talked much about the And now he stands alone again, under fire dents rallied, much as an earlier generation accomplishments and the sense of respon­ for receiving outside income as an offtcer of had marched to the music of "Holmes and sibility of Joel, the understanding and com­ the Albert Parvin Foundation. The Justice, Brandeis dissenting." mon touch of Harry, and the pragmatism, who resigned from the organization Friday, BORN IN MINNESOTA persistence and diligence of Morry. His has replied to critics by charging that a Fed­ William 0. Douglas was born in Maine, daughters and daughter-in-law, Nata.lie Po­ eral tax investigation of the foundation was Minn., on Oct. 16, 1898, the son of a circuit­ dolsky, Judy Stein and Toba Levinson, were "manufactured" to force him off the bench. exactly the kind of women he loved and ad­ Seventy years old, of middle height, ruddy riding Presbyterian minister who died when mired-sweet and loving, devoted to their complexion, and Spencer Tracy style, Justice his son was 6. The family moved to Yakima, husbands and children-and very important Douglas, his heartbeat aided by a pacemaker, Wash. in 1904. A childhood victim of polio, Mr. Douglas people in their own rights. Every grandchild is seen by his admirers as "the youngest man had a special place in Abe's heart: Morry and on the Court." strengthened his legs by mountain climbing, a diversion that has occupied him ever since Natalie's Sharon, Barbara, and Gary, Shar­ "Bill is the only one of them that has con­ on's husband, Stephen Freedman, and great sistently kept faith with the kids," a lawyer and that led him into a lifetime devotion to granddaughter, Randi Sue; Jud.y Mld Harry's friend says. "He's an existentialist figure, conservation. Steven, Robin and Mitchell; and Joel and really, always his own man, fearful of neither Young Douglas was the valedictorian at Toba's Jeffrey, Eric, Andrew and Mark. This people, forces nor establishments. Who else Yakima High School, then president of the was Abe's family. He left them a rich herit­ would have tried to stop the Army from student body and a member Of Phi Beta age and great memories. sending boys to Vietnam, just as he once Kappa at Whitman College in Walla Walla. But the thing that is closest to my heart tried to keep the Government from executing His education was financed by a scholarship about Abe is the personal relationship I de­ the Rosenbergs? When the heat is on---and and odd jobs including window washing. veloped with him. There' were times in his it's on now-the only guy on that Court I'd He arrived in New York in the early twen­ life when I thought Abe was from the old bet on to stand up is Bill Douglas." ties with six cents in his pocket and an school and was holding us back. I realized His enemies, political and racial conserva­ admissions slip to Columbia Law School. In later that often when he held us back, we tives ranging from distinguished Harvard 1925 he graduated second in his class, worked needed to be held back. But despite brief law graduates to rural Southern segregation­ for a whlle with a Wall Street law firm and periods of orneriness and stubbornness, when ists, would not disagree with that estimate. then joined the faculty at Yale. the chips were down, when major decisions Indeed, for many of them his penchant for From there he was recruited in 1934 by had to be made, when others were pushing "standing up" is enough reason to impeach Joseph P. Kennedy, the late President's fath­ the panic button, all of us could always . him, an effort that was made in 1953 in the er, to work on the Securities and Exchange count on Abe to bring reason into focus. In House of Representatives after he issued a Commission, of which he became chairman in the 36 years I worked with Abe, he never stay of execution to Julius and Ethel Rosen­ 1936, and in 1939, at the age of 40, he was once let me down. During the past eight or berg, the convicted atom spies. named to the Supreme Court by President ten years, since my f·ather became ill and Roosevelt. died, Abe was of invaluable help to me. I FOURTH MARRIAGE In 1944, Mr. Douglas came close to being needed Abe's advice. I needed his words of A less serious but perhaps just as heart­ nominated for the Vice Presidency of the encouragement. I needed his kind of wis­ felt attempt to impeach him came in the United States. President Roosevelt, agreeing dom. Even though when he reached his 70th summer of 1966 when Justice Douglas mar­ to drop Henry A. Wallace, said he would birthday, there was an automatic retirement ried his fourth wife, the then 23-year-old take either Justice Douglas or Harry S. Tru­ written into many of the corporation's legal Cathleen Heffernan, less than a month after man. The nod, of course, went to Mr. Tru­ documents, I knew that we all needed Abe's his third wife, 26-year-old Joan Martin, had man, who became president in April of 1945. presence on the scene as long as he had the divorced him and remarried. In an interview two years ago in Parade physical capabillty to be there. We changed The Justice was first married in 1923 to magazine, Justice Douglas said that had he the legal documents and I went to Abe's Mildred Riddle. The marriage produced two become President instead of Mr. Truman, home right before his birthday and asked children, William Jr. and Mildred Riddle "there would have been no Hiroshima" and him not to retire. Abe stayed on. He showed Douglas (now Mrs. Frank Welles Jr.). the Oold War with China as well as the Ko­ up at the offtce and at the plant daytime and The couple were divorced in 1953 and the rean and Vietnam wars might have been nightime, sometimes when the pain 1n his leg next year Justice Douglas married Mercedes avoided. was almost unendurable. And then quickly Hester Davidson. After their divorce, in 1963, On the other hand., the Supreme Court June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14555 would have been without its most llbera.l is proud to help them forge a better com­ best quallfted who unselfishly contribute member, its quickest and many feel most munity in which to work and play and Uve their time, devotion, and talent to their brilliant mind, its fastest writer and surely the good life. country's service. its most colorful and controversial charac­ The Press ls great because it has a great ter. staff and I'll miss everybody on it, with the It is authoritatively reported that William possible exception of that unknown figure 0. Douglas, having written a dissent in a who, like an automaton, has kept an eye on case and being impatient to leave town on my extremely modest expense accounts NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS AND THE ABM one of his many world tours, dropped in to through the years. see the Justice who was supposed to be writ­ I am grateful to The Press for giving me a ing the majority opinion. free hand in reflecting Capitol goings-on for HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. "I just can't seem to write the damn thing, our readers. When I joined the staff in 1945, OF CALIFORNIA Bill," the jurist said. I asked 1f there was any particular policy I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whereupon, Justice Douglas offered to should know about. write the majority opinion. And he did, thus "Write it the way you see it," I was told. Monday, June 2, 1969 becoming the first Justice to write a ruling And that's the way it has been ever since. Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. to his own dissent. I am grateful, too, to the people who have If the story ls apochryphal, the fact is that read me and especially to those who have Speaker, proponents of President Nixon's they don't tell stories like that about any­ taken the time and trouble to comment on Safeguard ABM always seem to have body else but Bill Douglas. my pieces. another reason favoring their position I have been praised to the skies and laid whenever a previous argument seems to low in spades. The plaudits have nurtured the be doubtful. ego bruised by the blasts. If ABM is not effective against the As I come to the end of the road-"30" we Russians, then, of course, it can always L. R. LINDGREN RETIRES call it in the newspaper world-somehow I can see again in my mind's eye a framed be aimed against Chinese threat. And, if motto which hung above my father's desk: there is not any Chinese danger which HON. J. IRVING WHALLEY "Most of my troubles never happened." might be relevant, then there is the OF PENNSYLVANIA Most of mine didn't either. And those that chance that somebody might acciden­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES did were my own fault. tally set off a stray missile which would "So.•• have to be stopped-and only ABM Monday, June 2, 1969 could do it. Mr. WHALLEY. Mr. Speaker, when L. The logic may be simple. So then, also, R. Lindgren joined the staff of the Pitts­ TREASURY SECRETARY DAVID M. is it ridiculous. It does not take much burgh Press in 1945, he was told by his KENNEDY :figuring to realize that as you increase editor: "Write it the way you see it." the number of nuclear weapons avail­ For the past 24 years as a columnist HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI able, the probability of "nuclear acci­ and correspandent covering the Penn­ OF ILLINOIS dent" also rises. And there is no safety sylvania State Legislature in Harrisburg in numbers when one is dealing with nu­ for the Press, and for 26 years before IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clear warheads. that as a reporter for other newspapers, Monday, June 2, 1969 Last week's Saturday Review contains Mr. Lindgren has written it as he saw it. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Sec­ a valuable analysis of the problem of This week, he retired from the newspa­ retary of the Treasury, David M. Ken­ nuclear accidents and the ABM as writ­ per business, wrote "30" to his column nedy, is one of the Illinois contributions ten by Dr. Joel Larus of New York Uni­ writing, and has embarked on a well­ to the administration team and he is held versity. Under unanimous consent I sub­ eamed and well-deserved retirement. in high regard in my home State by all mit the article, for inclusion in the CON­ Mr. Speaker, I first met Mr. Lindgren who have had the opportunity to asso­ GRESSIONAL RECORD, as follows. when I was a member of the State Legis­ ciate with him. [From the Saturday Review, May 31, 1969] lature in Harrisburg. He was one of the Therefore, I deem it of special interest NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS AND THE ABM most respected and most admired of the to the Members to insert into the REC­ (By Joel Larus, professor of politics at New newsmen covering the capital liegisla­ ORD a resolution adopted by the Illinois York University and the author of Nuclear ture. His column, called "State Com­ Bankers Association commending Secre­ Weapons Safety and the Common Defense mentary," was widely read, his facts were tary Kennedy: (1967)) accurate, and he was respected not only RESOLUTION-TREASURY SECRETARY KENNEDY The current debate about the utility of by the men and women about whom he deploying an anti-missile system to protect wrote, but by his colleagues in the news Whereas, one of the great strengths of our this country's deterrent capability has again nation ls the ab111ty to attract highly quali­ raised a number of basic questions about the business as well. fied, knowledgeable individuals of excellent We are all sorry that he will no longer possibility and consequences of an American­ character and bearing to serve the high of­ caused nuclear weapons accident. Because the be reporting for the Press but we wish fices of government; and safety of our atomic and hydrogen arsenal him well in his retirement and assure Whereas, the people of the State of Illinois relates so closely to top-secret command and him that the doors of our offices and are justifiably proud of their tradition and control procedures, reliable information homes as well as our hearts will always heritage in sending to our Federal govern­ about U.S. anti-accident techniques and be open to him. ment in Washington extremely capable peo­ experiences is most difficult to obtain and ple, one of the outstanding of which, we even more ticklish to evaluate sagaciously. Mr. Speaker, the newspaper profes­ sincerely and firmly believe, ls David Mat­ sion will miss one of its great journalists. Yet the public fears the possibil1ty of such thew Kennedy, Secretary of the Treasury; incidents, and their anxiety is not assuaged Under unanimous consent I submit his and by the events of recent years. Last fall, for final column, "Reporter's Adieu," for in­ Whereas, Secretary Kennedy is eminently example, when Washington announced that clusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, as qualified through years of service in numer­ the Sentinel system was going to be located follows: ous capacities both in private industry and in Chicago, Detroit, Seattle, Boston, and New in prior government positions; and STATE COMMENTARY: REPORTER'S ADIEU York, local residents determinedly challenged Whereas, his qualifications have been pre­ the wisdom of installing missiles close to (By L. R. Lindgren) viously reviewed in accordance with Consti­ urban centers when an inadvertent detona­ HARRISBURG.-This is my last column for tutional procedures and have been adjudged tion of a nuclear warhead could not be dis­ The Pittsburgh Press-the last of more than unblemished and of the highest calibre; counted. One Congressman reports that this 1200 I have written from beneath the dome Now, therefore, be it resolved, we the Il­ fear dominated all other considerations in of the Capitol. linois Bankers Association in annual meeting the hundreds of letters he received from con­ After more than 50 years as a reporter, at assembled this 27th day of May 1969, does stituents protesting the Pentagon's decision. age 65, I am retiring effective today and hereby commend the Secretary not only for The more recent announcement of the turning over my beat-up typewriter to Patrick his Willingness to make the sacrifice neces­ Nixon Administration that it planned to de­ Boyle, a young (33) and aggressive (wow!) sary to serve his country and for his con­ ploy a limited ABM system, Safeguard, in the writer who, I predict, will ring a lot of bells duct of the Treasury Department, but also remote areas around the Minuteman silos, in the years to come. for his forbearance. We call to the attention primarily in Montana and North Dakota, has I am leaving the staff of one of the great of the elected representatives of our Federal lessened the general public's concern about newspapers of the world, published in one of Government the fact that the continual nuclear weapons safety, but there is no rea­ the great cities of the world. abuse heaped upon him does damage to our son for indifference or complacency. Even The people of Pittsburgh have every right system of government by tending to make though the Safeguard system may be located to be proud of The Press-just as The Press public office unattractive to those people in thinly populated states and not near lead- 14556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 ing industrialized centers, it does no neces­ had been dropped safely by parachute and As mentioned earlier, there is a second sarily follow that a mishap at such a site had been recovered undamaged. The second category of nuclear mishaps that can cause could not affect the lives and well-being of bomb was found in the plane's wreckage. accidental radioactivity. In my opinion it has Americans residing in cities far from Mon­ For the last eight years physicist Dr. Ralph a much higher probability factor than the tana and North Dakota. If an ABM accident Lapp has maintained that the Pentagon's in­ full-scale yield detonation accidents and con­ should take place, the site of greatest prob­ vestigation of the Goldsboro incident had sequently ls the greater menace. It involves ability is the area nea.r the Safeguard system, revealed a frightening situation. He alleged the nuclear bomb or missile that becomes but a computer running amuck or an un­ that in falling to the earth five of the six ruptured when unusual energy inputs or favorable wind pattern could mean pluto­ interlocks built into the bomb had been set physical stresses react unfavorably with the nium poisoning for many people hundreds of oft' and that only a single switch prevented TNT component of the weapon. The heat or miles from the missile location. the 24-metagon weapon from producing a shock causes the TNT girdle enclosing the One way to estimate the chance for an yield detonation. Washington adamantly re­ plutonium to explode, and the entire weapon ABM failure and also to have some back­ fused to offer any more particulars concern­ blows apart. As soon as the integrity of the ground information about the safety features ing the post-accident condition of the safety outer metal casing is destroyed, fissionable of this country's nuclear arsenal, ls to review system. Recently the Air Force was forced to (not fissioned) material is strewn about the our successes and failures in twenty-four come clean and reveal just how unpredict­ situs of the accident. Radioactive plutonium years of watching over atomic and nuclear able mechanical safeguards on nuclear dust contaminates everything it contacts, bombs (in military parlance, "saflng the weapons can be, even those designed with and all human and animal life is endangered nukes"). When America's record of nuclear infinite care and tested meticulously. Goaded in this "hot" area. mishaps-"Broken Arrows"-is examined, by Congressman Sydney R. Yates of Illinois, Since 1945 the United States has caused an one conclusion is inescapable: the human who was determined to prevent the installa­ indeterminate number of this type of acci­ mind has been unable to construct a safety tion of the Sentinel system near Chicago, the dents. If the Pentagon's figure of thirteen system for nuclear weapons that is accident­ House Appropriations Committee recently nuclear weapons accidents is complete and free, no matter how much time, money, and asked for an authoritative answer to the accurate, this country has been responsible technological genius are assigned to the Goldsboro bomb mystery. In reply, the Air for one Broken Arrow incident every two years project. (According to m111tary terminology, Force admitted that their inspecting teams on the average since Hiroshima. If the tally a Broken Arrow is any unplanned occurrence in 1961 had found that four of the six safety is closer to twenty or twenty-two mishaps, as involving the loss of, destruction of, or major mechanisms during the accident had moved some non-governmental sources believe, this damage to a nuclear weapon or its com­ to the "go" position. In other words, only country has had approximately one poten­ ponents that results in an actual or potential two safety systems remained in a locked tially catastrophic emergency every year since hazard to life or property.) It is well to re­ position, and the remaining group of four the end of World War II. Whatever the exact member that mechanical and human failures had acted in a completely unscheduled and number, there is no disputing the fact that are as much a part of the age of nuclear potentially dangerous fashion. Pentagon and American bombs or missiles that have been technology as mushroom clouds and fireballs. AEC officials prefer to call attention to the accidentally blown apart (but not deto­ There are two types of nuclear mishaps two devices that remained uncompromised, nated), have jeopardized the lives of resi­ that could bring about accidental radio­ but a more relevant issue is to determine dents of at least three countries, injured an act ivity. Most serious ls the unauthorized, why there were so many failures and unknown number of homes and factories, and unintentional, or inadvertent nuclear ex­ whether it can happen again. contaminated the natural resources of at plosion that results in a full-scale chain re­ An earlier Broken Arrow incident took least three parts of the globe. No one has died action. This type of detonation might be the place at McGuire Air Force Base (New Jer­ or experienced lasting injury as a result of result of a mechanical error, a human failure, sey) in June 1960. This accident is especially these Broken Arrows (at least not according or a combination of both, but no matter noteworthy in view of the extended debate to the unclassified information), but each what the source of the accident there would about the reliability of the computer-pro­ failure exemplifies the radioactivity crisis be a Hiroshima-type explosion replete With gramed Safeguard system and its hair-trigger that arises when a nuclear weapon scatters the multifold problems of toxic radiation. reaction time. If information available from undetonated plutonium. It is generally agreed that an American­ nongovernmental sources concerning the Mc­ In January 1966, for example, four hydro­ sponsored accidental chain reaction detona­ Guire mishap is authentic-and in my opin­ gen bombs fell on Palomares, Spain, an iso­ tion has a very low probability. In the years ion the source of the account is highly re­ lated farming hamlet on the Mediterranean since the first atomic bomb was dropped, this liable--the incident highlights the problem coast. Before this incident was over, the De­ country has produced thousands of nuclear of protecting an incredibly complex weapons fense Department and the Atomic Energy weapons of all shapes, sizes, and yields. They system from being triggered by totally un­ Commission, assisted by a small army of have been transported about the entire world, expected sources. civilian experts, had staged the most expen­ and in the process they have been assembled, Some of the facts about McGuire are not sive, intensive, harrowing, and feverish land disassembled, inspected, loaded onto delivery in dispute. At 2:51 p.m. smoke and fire be­ and sea search for a man-made object in vehicles, unloaded, checked and rechecked to gan to emerge from one of fifty-six Somarc world history. m aintain their efficiency. Squadrons of Amer­ missile shelters. Two minutes later local fire The accident took place when a B-52 on a icans of various temperament s and emotional crews arrived, and by 3:05 the entire missile training mission and a KC-135 tanker col­ characteristics have been trained to detonate complex was evacuated. For the next several lided about 30,000 feet above the Mediter­ both strategic and tactical systems under a hours, officers and enlisted personnel, rein­ ranean. Either a fire broke out in the tanker variety of conditions and circumstances, forced by firemen from adjacent commu_ni­ during the refueling mission and spread to many of which have not been especially con­ ties, fought heavy flames and smoke. Accord­ the bomber, or the planes failed to rendez­ ducive to the good mental health of the per­ ing to The New York Time's account the vous properly. In any event, both planes sonnel involved. In spite of the innumerable missile's propellant fuel ignited, its atomic plummeted to earth, scattering Wings, fuse­ opportunities for an accidental Hiroshima to warhead fell into the molten pool of fire, lages, engine sections, wheel assemblies, and have taken place, America's safety record in­ split open, and released radioactive material jet fuel over a wide area. sofar as this first category of possible failures into the environment. The Air Force admits The four hydrogen bombs are believed to ls concerned has been perfect. The techni­ that radioactivity was present during the in­ have been either the 20- or 25-megaton va­ cians who designed our safety controls cident, but maintains that the fire started riety, and all were being transported in the (essentially a complex interacting arrange­ when a high-pressure bottle of helium ex­ customary unarmed condition. Each bomb ment of locks and switches that must be ploded from unknown causes. landed in a different impact area in or about triggered in sequence) have established a The uncorroborated version of the origin Palomares. One embedded itself in a dry safety record unequaled in thEl history of of the fire is considerably more alarming. Thie river bed east of the vlllage. It was found military technology. source alleges that while the Bomarc's crew­ within hours after the crash and was un­ Were it not for two Broken Arrow incl· men were at dinner, they noticed that their damaged except for some severe dents. It dents that took place in 1960 and 1961 it unattended missile was preparing itself for caused no radiation contamination problems. would be possible to be even more sanguine an unauthorized launch. Rushing frantically The second and third bombs slammed to the about our future record of no-yield inci­ to their station the men succeeded in abort­ earth with such impact that the TNT ex­ dents. These accidents dramatically illus­ ing the erection. The account continues: ploded. Within seconds millions of particles trate why there is always a possibility that of plutonium dust blanketed wide areas of as a result of extraordinarily bizarre circum­ "Even after detailed investigation there is Palomares. stances there could be an accidental chain no real understanding what series of factors Because plutonium is one of the most toxic reaction. caused the electronic brain controlling Bo­ substances known to man, American and In the Goldsboro, North Carolina, failure, marc firing ... to issue the fire order to that Spanish authorities lost no time in begin­ which took place in January 1961, a SAC nuclear weapon. The hypothesis is that a ning emergency clean-up operations. Plu­ B-52 bomber on a training mission was car­ combination of the radio signals from pass­ tonium has a half-life of 24,000 years, and rying two 24-megaton bombs. The pilot, re­ ing police cars plus the tunes being played by the maximum permissible burden that the alizing that his plane was going to crash, a local disc jockey happened, in one of those human system can tolerate is a speck-like had sufficient time to jettison one bomb. It occurrences of statistical probability, to com­ amount described as two-blllionths of a was parachuted and landed in a field com­ bine into a signal that fed itself into the gram. Persons who inhale or ingest as little pletely intact. There was no explosion of electronic brain as a fire order." as 2/10,000ths of an ounce of plutonium dust any type. A terse and uninformative Air To date, the Defense Department declines can become deathly 111 . As an added compli­ Force press release stated that one of the to comment on this version of the lVlcGuire cation, alpha radiation from the plutonium unarmed nuclear devices the plane carried accident. is considerably more difficult to detect than June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14557 any other type of radiation. An Air Force pact all broke into fragments and scattered half of all PoWerplants had been bombed, publication advised search teams to hold plutonium over the frozen surface of North and almost two-thirds of the nation's detection instruments within one-eighth Star Bay. Winds up to 27 miles per hour, road network no longer existed. inch of the surface to be tested in order to temperatures in the 20-30 degree-below-zero obtain a reliable Geiger counter reading. The range, daylight for only three or four houxs Today, just 23 years later, we are able booklet adds that it is nearly impossible to at a spell, and contimlatl swirling snows and to witness the products of Italian indus­ secure an accurate count when surfaces such Arctic storms added to the gene·ral emergency triousness and creativity. Italy is once as plowed earth, wheat stubble, and gravel situation. In fact, this recovery operation again surging ahead. She has rebuilt her roads have to be checked for radiation was oarried out on the most inhospitable site economy with such great suecess that exposure. yet encountered by a Broken Arrow task she now ranks eighth among the world's For the next three months the 234 families foroe. The imps.ct area was about a mile long industrial nations. She is also one of the of Palomares became internationally famous and ha.If-a-mile wide. Within this region world's top trading nations. Unemploy­ as the soldiers, airmen, and civilians scoured were found thousands of pieces of the pl9.D.e, the countryside for evidence of radiation all highly radioactive and dangerous to the ment has virtually disappeared. Italian contamination. The economy of the village body. goods and services are internationally all but collapsed because hundreds of pounds Immediately following news otf the crash applauded. Some of Italy's most impor­ of tomatoes, which normally would have there wa.s oons1derable ooncern that plu­ tant and well-known products include been sold throughout Spain, were thrown tonium might have entered the ice and motor vehicles, tires, typewriters, textiles, away or left rotting on the plants because waters of the bay. The Danish government and leather goods. the Geiger crews could not work quickly placed a. prohibition on all fishing in the seas Italian creativity has also excelled dur­ enough. Local farmers within a 640-acre near the accident site, and this restriotion zone were barred from entering their fields. lasted for three months. In addition, it ing the postwar period. In 1946, with the Teams of medical specialists examined each banned local fox hunters from any trapping return of democratic institutions, came man, woman, and child, testing in a variety whatsoever in the Thule area., and this order the return of artistic freedom. The result of ways for traces of plutonium poisoning. remained in force for nine months. Available has been an impressive list of Italian ac­ Only a few of the local peasants could under­ sources do not mention what steJ>El were complishments in literature and art, in stand the situation; for the rest it was taken to protect the Eskimos from eating the music and dance, in film and fashion: simply el desastre. meat of seals, walruses, and polar beairs, but Names like Giacometti and Balla in art; Before the land was returned to the own­ presuma.bly such procedures were necessary Quasimodo and Silone in literature; ers, the United States had packed 1,750 tons because these animals might have been con­ of radioactive Palomares soil and vegetation taminated from eating radioactive marine Fellini, Antonioni, and Ponti in :fllms; into 5,000 sealed metal drums. The con­ life. and Pucci and de la Renta in fashion. taminated pieces of the two planes were As in all Broken Arrow mishaps, the most The wonderful versatility of Italian similarly encased. This debris-the dung of oomplex and costly problem is cleaning the creativity and the industry of the Italian the n uclear age--ultimately was brought ground area so that it is no longer "hot." At people are characteristics which the back to the United States and buried in a Thule, tons otf radioactive snow and ice were Italian immigrants brought with them to nuclear graveyard in South Carolina. an immediate hazard and had to be removed and secured. Teams of men were assigned the our own country. From Christopher Co­ The fourth hydrogen bomb that fell at lumbus, through colonial times and the Palomares caused even greater complications. task of gathering the snow, ice, and the re­ This weapon came to rest about five miles mains of the B-52 for shipment t o the United industrial revolution, to our modem so­ offshore on a ledge 2,500 feet below the states. ciety, Italian-Americans have given surface of the Mediterranean . A force of six­ The main reasons why OOngress should not color, richness, and vitality to the United teen ships was assembled and included authorize the Safeguard system have been States. several midget submarines, scuba teams, un­ explained at length elsewhere and need only Thus, on the anniversary of the Italian derwater specialists, sonar experts, and be reviewed here. They are (1) that the ABM Republic, I am proud to honor the crea­ oceanic photographers. For about eighty deployment oould escalate the arms race at a time when there may be a real opportunity tivity and charm, the beauty and intelli­ days t he 3,000 men carried out this aspect of gence of Italian culture which has made t he recovery assignment. It was imperative to achieve a nuclear detente with the Rus­ that the fourth weapon be returned to sians; (2) that the sytem is predicated on a lasting contribution, not only to our American custody not only because of se­ invalid assumptions ooncerning the strategic own history, but to all the world. curity considerations, but also because we options open to the Chinese and Russians in needed to know if the bomb had ruptured the coming decade: and (3) t hat the esti­ and plutonium had contaminated the sea mated $6-to-$7-billion cost of the system and its marine life. When brought to the ought to be used to help remedy our domes­ ITALIAN NATIONAL DAY surface on April 7, the bomb's outer casing tic problems. A fourth reason against the was deeply dented but, miraculously, with­ ABMs hM been offered here : Nuclear weap­ ons have a propensity to become involved in out a ruptu re. It is alleged that the under­ HON. LESTER L. WOLFF water operation alone cost this country $6 human and mechanical error situations, and million. when these Broken Arrow mishaps take OF NEW YORK The Palomares incident does not end with plaoe, the impact area and its environs are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES t he recovery of all the bombs. In the suc­ contaminated wit h toxic plutonium. The de­ ployment of more nuclear weapons than is Monday, June 2, 1969 ceeding three years press reports occasionally have told how the accident has changed life uncontrovertibly necessary to maintain Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on June 2, in the area. A battery of four Geiger counters America's deterrent posture ls unwise be­ 1946, a national election brought the still runs continuously to monitor the region cause it invites future accidents. promise of democracy to wartorn dis­ for signs of plutonium radiation. Each vil­ illusioned Italy. Twenty-three years lager continues to receive $66 per month if later, that nation stands beside other he permits Spain's Nuclear Energy Commit­ tee to check his body daily for evidence of ITALIAN NATIONAL DAY-JUNE 2, great democracies of the world as awe­ overexposure to radiation. Up to now the 1969 some proof that the courage, culture, and farmers have received $700,000 on various convictions of a people can overcome un­ claims they presented to the United States, believable odds and rise to the heights of and eleven cases are still pending. What can­ HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH prosperity and accomplishments. For the not be altered with American bounty is the OF NEW JERSEY Italian Republic, whose anniversary we attitude that the Spanish people now have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES celebrate today, holds the esteem of all about the vlllage and its farm products. All persons who know the virtues of democ­ that grows in Palomares is suspected of being Monday, June 2, 1969 radioactive, and so there is no market for racy or look with envy at the gift of its fruits and vegetables. Fifty per cent of Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, on June 2, freedom that they themselves may never the people are reported to have been forced 1946, the people of Italy endorsed the possess. to migrate to more attractive farm areas. democracy of the Italian Republic and The success of Italy as a Republic, it According to one resident, life has gone from ushered in a new era in Italian history. should be noted, was not merely a result the town and within a few years it will be By building upon the lessons of defeat, of fortuitious events. On the contrary, quite empty. they hoped to reconstruct an Italy of Italy and her people, as they have done The most recent Broken Arrow to be re­ ported took place in January 1968 near a run­ peace and prosperity. The obstacles to since the time of the Roman Empire, way at the Thule Air Force Base in northern the -achievement of this goal were great. contributed the totality of abilities, man­ Greenland. A B-52 crashed and exploded The end of the Second World War left power, and idealism to shape her into a while attempting to make an emergency Italy ravished and demoralized. One­ model of economic, cultural, scientific, landing. The plane admittedly was carrying quarter of the railroad tracks were gone, educational, and commercial success. The four 1.1-megaton hydrogen bombs. On im- one-third of the bridges destroyed, one- results clearly speak for themselves. 14558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 Today Italy ranks eighth among the shackles from postal management so it The Blount plan is similar in many re­ world's industrial nations. The Govern­ will have the authority to do the job spects to the recommendations submitted ment, however, has not chosen to rest on which it has been assigned. last year by a commission on postal organi­ this plateau, I would like to point out. Responsibility without authority is zation headed by Frederick R. Kappel. One She is currently involved in a second shallow, indeed. of its principal objectives ls to insulate postal phase of a policy to improve the economy operations from political influence. There is really relatively little dispute Politics undoubtedly contributes its share of predominately agricultural southern as to where the weaknesses lie in the to the problem, but eliminating political in­ Italy where poverty persists. She is deter­ present postal organization. The essen­ fluence is not going to cure the situation by mined that the entire nation will have the tial disagreement is whether the correc­ itself. Most postal employes are, for the most fruits of economic prosperity. tions can be made within our present part, outside the political sphere now, pro­ It is not only in this area that the Post Office Department, or whether it tected as they are by the Civil Service law Republic has flourished and shown lead­ will be necessary to convert the Depart­ and by the grievance procedure of a strong ership skills. Virtually every area of life ment into a nonprofit corporation. union, but the level of service varies greatly has been touched with Italian genius. from station to station. In some omces the Postmaster General Blount, after 4 employes are courteous, hard-working and Music, art, science, banking, and fashion months in office, now has the backing of emcient; in others they are just the opposite. are just a few of the endeavors in which the President in his decision that the However, if a corporation could-as Mr. she has shown like a brilliant jewel. And answer lies in converting the Department Blount suggests-keep postal service from like a precious gem she has enhanced all into a corporation. deteriorating and keep postal charges from who have come in contact with her. We The Postmaster General comes before skyrocketing, we certainly are all for it. of course have grown into a prouder our committee on Tuesday for the :first more capable nation because of her con­ of what we expect to be three or four [From the Buffalo (N.Y.) Evening News, tributions and the contributions made by sessions to explain his views to our com­ May 29, 1969) Americans of Italian ancestry. mittee in open session. PUSH POSTAL REFORM Indeed, few other nations can boast of My own view was made clear on the The Nixon Administration proposals for having offered so much to so many areas opening day of the 91st Congress when sweeping postal reforms now prove beyond of civilization. From the time of the I introduced H.R. 4 to accomplish all of any doubt that the troubles crippling our Roman Empire and the Renaissance until the improvements recommended by the present postal syst em-as seen from the pres­ the nuclear age, she has continued to Kappel Commission, yet keeping the idential level and regardless of political weave her unique abilities into a distinct postal service within the framework of party-require drastic inst itutional change. design in the fabric of civilization. ThP Nixon recommendations agree in sub­ the present Government Department. stance with those first advocated by Lawrence Certainly not all of her history ex­ Mr. Blount is entitled to his views and F . O'Brien, former postmaster general, and emplifies continual triumphs and dis­ we will hear them, also those of Fred­ backed both by President Johnson and by a coveries. She has know the anguish of erick Kappel, the Chairman of the Pres­ presidential commission he appointed. world wars, the brutality of political idential Commission which made the What all these Republican and Democratic tyranny, and the shattering disillusion­ study during the Johnson administra­ figures in the executive branch agree upon is ment of abject poverty and occupation. tion. that a TVA-like corporation should replace Unlike some other nations, however, she Perhaps the most important develop­ the existing Cabinet-level postal department. has chosen to enfold these trials as a ment so far in these discussions of postal The suggested corporation, administered learning experience and use them to at­ reform is that there has surfaced such by o. nine-member board, would be self-sup­ tain latter successes. port ing, where the present system gobbles up widespread agreement that the Depart­ $1 billion a year in taxpayer subsidies, and This day is particularly meaningful, I ment does need surgery-it does need woulci be authorized to borrow money for cap­ feel, inasmuch as the United States has reform. ital improvements, t o handle employe rela­ played an integral role in many events The question becomes really whether tions and pay free of now-dominant political which have led to Italy's present estima­ we are going to do it with a scalpel or considerations, and to fix postal rates, subject ble position. For in exchange for the rich with a meatax. My preference is the only to congressional veto. infusion of talent and energy brought to scalpel. A key figure in the impending debate in the shores of the United States, we have Mr. Speaker, my hometown newspapers Congress, by virtue of his chairmanship of helped to break the chains of Fascist the House Post Office Committee, is Rep. in Buffalo, N.Y., are adding their views Duli:.ki of Buffalo. tyranny which once bound her, and sub­ to the picture, and although I do not sequently nurtured her attempts to He has his own recommendations about agree with their conclusions as to the postal reform, manv of them excellent, but achieve maturity. necessity for going to a corporation, I he is as yet unconvincea of the merits of t he I am proud that our Government has believe it only fair that their views be Nixon-LBJ-O'Brien 1<1ea of a postal corpora­ shown friendship, sympathy, and gener­ aired as follows: tion. Rep. Dulsk1 sees iawmakers probably osity throughout these 23 years. More­ [From the Buffalo (N.Y.) Courier-Express, unwilling to surrenaer control over postal over, I am pleased that we as a nation May 25, 1969] rates and wal?es. Moreover the postal unions have had the opportunity to benefit from and the third-class mail lobbies oppose the the vast contributions of our Americans CORPORATION MIGHT IMPROVE POSTAL SERVICE presidential reforms. of Italian ancestry. President Nixon has given his tentative But we believe reasonable objections to the approval to the creation of a public corpora­ corporation idea can be overcome. It would And on her anniversary, I would like tion to operate the United States mail. All free Congress from intense and sometimes to send our respects and best wishes to details of the plan have not yet been revealed unhealthy lobbying pressures on raises. Since her and her people, who arduously have but all we can say is that if it will improve lawmakers would retain a veto, they would be attained maturity, and will ultimately mail service, we're all for it. For more than surrendering no significant control over rates. continue to show the rest of the world a decade we have been paying more and more Tbe soaring volume of mail mitigates against how capable, cultured, and courageous a money for less and less postal service. A re­ any cutback in the 720,000 postal employes. versal of that trend would indeed be welcome. And the Nixon plan pledges that all employes republic can be. Postmaster General Winton M. Blount has would be transferred into the new corpora­ recommended the plan and has scheduled tion with essential rights intact and with meetings for next week with members of fail· grievance procedures. Congress to explain the operation. We don't What must not be allowed to happen is POSTAL REFORM A MUST know how much of this time schedule is due that some generalized and blind fear of to the work of Rep. Thaddeus J. Dulski, change, either by entrenched postal unions Bu:ffalo Democrat who heads the House Post or bv the lobbies for subsidized junk-mailers, HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Office and Civil Service Committee. should determine the character of a revital­ But we should note that when Rep. Dulski ized postal service. The present system verges OF NEW YORK called for a hearing on postal reform, Mr. toe close on collapse for that. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Blount urged a delay on grounds that the department couldn't get ready for a hearing Mr. Speaker, Jack Wilson in his Po­ Monday, June 2, 1969 then. He asked for immedaite consideration tomac Fever column in the Washington, Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, our Com­ of a boost in postal rates but no talk about D.C., Post, has had several pungent com­ reform. Rep. Dulski refused to delay the mittee on Post Office and Civil Service hearing and now the postmaster general­ ments on postal reform, including: has been holding hearings since April 22 less than a month after he said the depart­ Ford recalls 382,000 cars-GM says its truck on the need for a vast overhaul of the ment couldn't get ready for a hearing-is wheel collapse-Lockheed's helicopter goes postal service. It is essential that the proposing reform which goes far beyond the sour. Mr. Nixon, are you sure you should turn Congress act promptly to remove the scope of Rep. Dulski's suggestions. the Post Office into a corporation? June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14559 Of course, there·s one thing about a cor­ South Vietnam having as its main objec­ tha.t they have much to answer for as a. re­ poration-you can't get a job through politics tive support of the Diem regime, which de­ sult of the tragic disaster that has overtaken unless you're related to the boss. spite its many faults had considerable gen­ us in Vietnam. The Post rightly predicts that There'll be some advantages if Nixon turns uine support among the South Vietnamese others will come after Sharp wl:th a similar the Post Office into a corporation-every big people. No decision had then been reached purpose "to re-write history." For the Post stockholder can be sure of getting a low ZIP to augment our so-called advisers in Viet­ to seek to silence them by invective and code. nam-who at the most numbered not more vituperation is unworthy of the American than 15,000 officers and men-by significant press. It makes one wonder just who wields larger numbers having a direct combat mis­ the knife. sion. A WORD FOR ADMIRAL SHARP If he realized the folly of committing U.S. troops to a land war in Asia, as did Eisen­ PRESIDENT NIXON'S POSTAL hower, it is likely that Kennedy would have REFORM MESSAGE HON. JOHN R. RARICK drawn back, rather than become more OF LOUISIANA heavlly engaged, despite the pressures of the Gulf of Tonkin incident and others. HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Not so, President Johnson. When John­ Monday, June 2, 1969 son came to power he sought dlllgently to OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, another capture the popularity that had been en­ joyed by JFK. He made it plain that none Monday, June 2, 1969 indignant American has come to the de­ of the former president's policies was to be fense of Admiral Sharp. disturbed. But he also knew that the then­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, the I insert an article from the Honolulu existing commitment in Vietnam was official seal of the Post Office Department Advertiser, written by George D. Synon, fraught with unfavorable political reper­ shows a galloping pcny in full stride, a rear admiral, U.S. Coast Guard, retired, cussions if handled improperly. Rather than reminder of the great days when the mail as follows: take a chance and see South Vietnam go was delivered on horseback by coura­ down the drain, Johnson made the fateful in IN DEFENSE OF ADMIRAL SHARP decision to go in, in force. geous men who defied danger order to (By George D. Synon) It was at this point that the possible con­ do their job. The spirit which that symbol Your May 8 reprint of the Washington Post sequences of that decision must have been represents still characterizes our postal editorial, slyly titled "Admiral Sharp's Knife," carefully evaluated, at least by the Joint employees. It is reflected, too, in what casts an unearned slur on a brllliant and Chiefs of Staff. If we were unWilling to risk has become a kind of unofficial motto for dedicated officer. It is doubly unmerited since a confrontation with China or the Soviet the postal workers. I am thinking, of the views expressed in Sharp's Reader's Digest Union, or both, as a result of sending in com­ course, of those famous words adapted article are widely held by countless military bat forces the proposed action should have from those of the Greek historian, Hero­ experts. been rejected. Instead, we either misguessed dotus, which appear on the front of the The Post editorial, however, is consistent or underrated the determination of the en­ with the record of that newspaper for den­ emy and the degree to which his allies would general post office in New York City: igrating the military profession at every support him. Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom opportunity. No newspaper, with the possible Let it be granted, however, that the Joint of night stays these couriers from the swift exception of the New York Times, has done Chiefs concurred in the basic decision to com­ completion of their appointed rounds. more to undermine the confidence of the mit combat forces in Vietnam, once it Like the galloping pony, those words public in the conduct of the Vietnam war by became apparent that Russia and China in­ the military than has the Washington Post. tended to provide North Vietnam with represent the dedication of our postal As you well know, the strategy and to a weapons and important logistic support, employees. great extent the tactics of the Vietnam effort surely it must have been obvious, not only Unfortunately, however, the way in were more significantly influenced by the to the Joint Chiefs, but also to others hav­ which our Post Office is organized does coterie of liberal-intellectuals which sur­ ing a voice in the direction of the war that not do justice to the spirit of those who rounded President Johnson than by the Joint North Vietnam should be brought to her work for it. It saddles them with ineffi­ Chiefs of Staff and the principal field com­ knees in a hurry, before her outside sup­ cient techniques, with impossible financ­ manders. port could become a telling factor in the This group was a legacy from President war. This is just what Admiral Sharp sought ing arrangements, with machinery long Kennedy. It included not only such people to do. out of date, and with a promotion system as Secretary McNamara, the Bundy brothers, Aside from Sharp's Reader's Digest article, that often fails to reward ability. It is a Walt Rostow, Dean Rusk and the rest, but the the best evidence indicates that the Joint system left over from the days of the liberal press, as well. It was they who thought Chiefs were in accord with him that the pony express, and it cannot do an ade­ we could fight a limited war, employing lim­ only way of reaching an early military deci­ quate job in modem society. What snow ited means and with limited objectives, sion was to employ airpower to knock out the and rain and heat and gloom of night against an enemy for whom the war was logistical and mllitary installations, includ­ cannot do, the organizational structure unlimited. They believed that by whittling ing roads, harbors, bridges, in addition to away at the enemy's forces in South Vietnam the not-yet-ready missile sites, from which of the modern Post Office has brought and pacifying the countryside, but restricting the North Vietnam war effort was supported. about. As a result, there are many occa­ our airpower mainly to interdicting enemy Instead, we laid o1f targets whose destruc­ sions when the appointed roWlds of our movement from north to south the enemy tion was likely to disrupt the North Viet­ postal couriers are not swiftly completed, would finally become discouraged and quit. namese civilian economy or cause excessive their spirit and sense of respcnsibility By this strategy, we would avoid giving loss of civUlan life. We studiously avoided the notwithstanding. unnecessary offense to either Russia or China. destruction of targets that might give of­ What can we do about it? Men have Instead, it is we who have become discour­ fense to China or Russia. Our strategy de­ aged and are now about to emerge from the generated into one of graduated response, asked that question for some time. And Vietnam conflict with few, if any, of our stepping up our own war effort only as the those who have asked it most frequently original objectives accomplished and at the enemy increased his. We gave him control of and most intelligently, have generally cost of a bloody and humiliating loss of life the timetable; he has not relinquished it come to the same answer: make the Post and treasure. yet. Office into a public corporation with new Now that Sharp comes forward and pins The source of this Fabian strategy can arrangements for finance, for employee the blame for this "no-win" strategy exactly be ascribed only to the civUlan overlay be­ bargaining, and for general direction. where it belongs, he is accused by the Post tween the president and the Armed Forces, These recommendations are expressed of "rewriting history" and has his "compe­ With Robert McNamara its leading exponent. tence and his intelligence" impugned as well. The president, of course, made all the final clearly and persuasively in the recent The use of language of this sort is in keeping decisions but it cannot be doubted that he message on pcstal reform which the Pres­ With that of the racial leftist press and is was swayed by the people closest to him. ident has sent to the Congress. I trust unseemly of even so left-leaning a journal as During this time, true to his oath of omce that all Members of this body will read the Washington Post. and to our tradition of civilian control of the that message carefully and ponder both It is useful to take a look at the situa­ mmtary. Sharp kept his silence and did his the problems it discusses and the answers tion as it existed at the time of President best to implement a strategy with which he it suggests. Let us be sure that the gal­ Kennedy's assassination to see what basic did not agree. Now that he ls retired Sharp loping pony which symbolizes our postal errors were made by the Johnson Adminis­ is speaking out, as is his right, "to warn tration that led to the later strategy of grad­ the American people against the folly of system does so because it sums up the uated response which has proved so abortive conducting a major war on a piecemeal morale and courage of our postal workers and ineffectual. basis.'' and not because it represents our failure Kennedy, following Eisenhower, had made The Washington Post and the liberal-in­ to introduce modern techniques and a a. limited but increasing commitment;. in tellectual overlay of which it ls a part know modem organizational structure. CXV--917-Part 11 14560 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 CORPORATE CRIME vair 580, era.shed in Ohio, killing 38 people. never bring unaer its rule major sources of The subsequent investigation by the Federal violence proceeding from the workings of an _Aviation Administration proved beyond any industrial society. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL doubt that the era.sh was caused by a "soft OF NEW YORK piston" defect leading to the separation of WHAT WE ARE MADE OF?-TIME FOR A DEEP the propellor and penetration of the fuse­ LOOK AND A STEADY RESOLVE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lage. Allison Division of General Motors bu1lt Monday, June 2, 1969 this component and, although knowing of (Remarks by Ralph Nader before the 1969 this serious defect before the crash, did not convention of the American Society of 17, 1969, Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, Ralph advise the airlines with the 18 defective Newspaper Editors, April Wash­ Nader provides an excellent example of Oonvalrs to ground the planes and disas­ ington, D .C.) how much good can come from one semble them for inspection. Thirty eight It 1s with some dismay that I find myself man's efforts. The American market­ people died. The FAA fined Allison $8,000. addressing this distinguished gat hering just That was the only penalty even though A1- before lunch. For my topic is that most basic place has been much improved because of consumer products--food-and my theme of his work in behalf of consumer justice. 11son had been cited many times by the FAA in the past for irregularities in propellor is that it needs a most basic cleaning up. If Mr. Nader has recently made some production quality and safety. This was the what I have to say upsets you in a gritty statements that deserve the attention taking of something of economic value and sort of way, let me state at the outset that and thoughtful consideration of the Con­ deprivation of life by such corporate negli­ you have every right to be upset. For food gress and the public. The statements gence and knowing failure of warning after becomes us in a very short while and our follow: the company discovered the defect. relationship to this consumer product could scarcely be more intimate. [From Business Today, Summer 1969) Greyhound Corporation-a highly profit­ able company in diversified activities-has The $100 billion food industry is in need of CORPORATE CRIME had a practice of repeatedly regrooving rear thorough public scrutiny and reform. The (By Ralph Nader) tires in a pattern that gives little traction only difficulty is that it does not know t his On September 10, 1968, the General Ac­ to these rear-heavy, high speed buses. as it continues to increase its prices, its counting Office presented the Congress with Crashes have occurred wit h loss of life owing profits and its myths. This is an unfortunate a report on enforcement of the Federal In­ in whole or part to such slippery tires. There delusion for this industry to be harboring. secticide, Fungicide, and Roden ticide Act. have been no enforcement actions urged by In the short time a vailable, I would like The conclusion wa.s startling: the Agricul­ the federal government until a Greyhound to describe aspects of the deepening m alaise, tural Research 8ervice of the U.S. Depart­ era.sh occurred with worn tires in May 1967 deception and indifference to the responsible ment of Agriculture, which is the enforcing in New Jersey with one fatality and many exercise of very considerable power by the arm for the Act, had never requested the Jus­ injuries. The case still has not come to trial performance of the food industry and its tice Department to prosecute a single case in but the maximum fine under the law is subgroups. 13 years. "This wa.s true," the GAO stated, $500. The decisive motivations that drive the "even in instances where repeated major vio­ The trend against even the provision of food processors and the maximization of t heir lations of the la.w were cited by the Agricul­ adequate penalties in the law--quite apart sales, profits (which includes progressive re­ tural Research Service." The Report showed from their use on oorporate crime or crim­ duction of costs) and the avoidance of unde­ that of 2,751 samples of produots tested and inal negligence--has been alarming. What sirable regulatory and consumer feedback. reviewed during fiscal 1966, 750 were found every corporate lawyer in Washington now This all seems innocent enough until one to be in violation Of the law. Of these, 70 per­ aims at in any new consumer protection law observes more closely just how spacious an cent or 520 were in "major" violation of the 1s to delete any provision imposing criminal arena for maneuvering against the public law. penalties on companies even when they interest has been staked out by the industry. The GAO report on pesticide non-enforce­ knowingly and willfully violate the law in This has been accomplished incrementally ment did not provoke outrageous editorials such a manner as to take human life. Thus, over the years by the rapid development of or ooncemed commentary from congress. No the auto safety, radiation control, gas pipe­ technologies, chemicals, merchandising and cries for law and order were heard for these line safety and other recently enacted stat­ packaging techniques to deny the consumer oorporaite violat.ors. For anyone who ha.s ob­ utes have been stripped of criminal penal­ the information for critical feedback, to di­ served the dooline of moderate statutory ties even for knowing and willful violations. vert his attention to wh'Olly extraneous, emo­ penalties and their decreasing imposition, Companies that refuse to call back dan­ tional appeals having nothing to do with the this double standard-one for individuals gerous products-whether in the auto, food quality or price of the product, and to mask and the other for oorporations or officials act­ or drug area.---or take inordinate time to do the true condition of the foodstuffs from the ing behind corpor-a.te frameworks-is not sur­ so, are not subjected to crlminal penalties in consumer's natural detection facilities. Thus, prising. But it is exceedingly unjust and can the auto cases and trivial criminal fines in the dimension of most peoples' reaction to lead to even more serious public ha.rm than the food or drug area. the food they eat is narrowed to an apprecia­ already has been the case. The struggle for the rule of a jui>t law tion of just those responses that the proces­ For corporations, increasing in size to rival against street crime and avoidably dangerous sors can manipulate so easily. These deal many natl.on s;tiaites, impact the society in far products and lethal pollution of our environ­ with palatability, tenderness and appearance more profound ways th.an a few decades ago. ment ls a struggle against vioience. Violence cum acceptable or not repugnant odor. If They can rapidly destroy the biosphere with comes in many styles from corporations the particular food product can satisfy t he their pollution of air, water and soil. Their producing their products. It ls incumbent narrow evaluations, it is home free, quite products a.re sped to market in great num­ for citizens to react with concern and indig­ apart from any serious lack of nutri­ bers before adequate tests are conducted for nation as they do now for street crime. When tion, wholesomeness and purity. Home direct and side effects on consumers. Ford gas pipelines explode owing to knowingly free, that is, as far as the consumer is Motor Co. ja.rs a region's ecology by dumping dangerous maintenance, when tires fail be­ concerned. Try this test on yourself next 20% of a.II industrial wastes into Lake Erle cause companies do not recall them for de­ time someone asks you how a particular whose deterioration may be irreversible. Drug fects, when toys burn or maim children be­ meal was and see if your reaction is re­ companies can affect the lives, heeJ.th and cause of the most dangerous design and stricted to one or more of these three re­ genetic inheritance of thousands or people materials, when meats are doused with il­ sponses. Such induced and meekly accepted before detection 1f rigorous standards and legal chemicals to make them palatable and conditioned response by most of us makes a deterrents are not operating. presentable, when people breath air filled mockery· of consumer sovereignty and the A few examples will lllustrate this double with toxic elements and gasses, a civilized disciplining force for quality of the market­ standard and the absence of effective sanc­ society must see such acts as acts of violence place implicity in an opportunity for intel­ tions for deterrence of corporate irresponsi­ and apply sanctions on companies and their ligent choice or rejection. bllity. A few months ago, an elderly man was officials. Sanctions go beyond traditional pen­ What is the consumer consuming? Let a caught stealing $6 from a telephone booth alties and deter by meticuloµs adaptation few representative mustrations do f'Or the in Maryland. He was sentenced to three to the particular corporate act. Thus, sanc­ many that time does not permit to be dis­ years in jail. Horse thieves in Colorado-­ tions can include recall orders, suspension cussed at length: especially if they are Indians or other mi­ of company officials or of a particular plant, 1. The little consutner-infants-are be­ nority group members, have been sentenced or a temporary public trusteeship of pa.rt ing exposed to nitrate residues from the to 15 years in jail. Two men robbed a sailor, of a company's operation deemed seriously heavy use of nitrogen fertilizer in various without physical violence, of $1 late last year contrary to public health, safety or in­ farm acreage. Professor Barry Commoner of and were given 10 years in Jail by a Virginia terest-to name only a few. Washington University in St. Louis reported judge. It ls clear that as this double standard last year on the increasing incidence of ni­ These instances of individual crime rep­ becomes more and more unjust, those at the trate poisoning discovered by European pub­ resented primarily the theft of something bottom of the economic ladder will take lic health omcials among infants that was of economic value and were not characterized their cue increasingly from the lawless priv­ traced to the consumption of unrefrigerated by violence, though the potential could have ileged at the top of the ladder. The moral American-processed baby food. The more materialized in two of the three cases. and law-abiding tone of a society takes its precise extent of this toxic hazard to in­ Consider, by comparison, the following depth from the top of the economic hierarchy. fants is not fully known 1n this country be­ examples of corporate crime. In the Spring If violence and property theft ls conceived cause no one ls trying ·to find out in any of 1967, a Lake Central Airlines plane, a Con- only in terms of street crime, the law w.111 systematic way. The food industry ls not in- June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14561 1 terested in being burdened with this knowl­ year. The confidence is based on the in­ flavor enhancers, color and other additives to edge. dustry's power to lobby, not on conditions make up for the partial loss of flavor, color, 2. The rapid rise in antibiotic utilization in its plants. Two years ago, FDA's Deputy texture and other properties caused by proc­ for artificial growth stimulation and health Commissioner Rankin offered data, since essing." The food industry is moving rapidly promotion in poultry and red meat animals re-confirmed, on conditions in the smoked into developing food substitutes-simulated is raising the risk of residual transfer to the fish industry: an examination of 15 plants meats, simulated orange juice, simulated cof­ hum.an organism, particularly if antibiotics disclosed that 13 were operaited under condi­ fee all of which wm require a wide variety are applied a few days prior to slaughter. tions judged to be potentially dangerous and of food additives. The industry's attitude to­ Even the placid National Acadamy of Sciences six of these were judged to be imminently ward the consumer is epitomized by the fol­ and the FDA are worried about this one. hazardous to consumers of the finished lowing advertisement which apepared in the What are the direct and synergistic effects product. The FDA, severely limited in re­ magazine Food Technology: on hum.ans of such ingestion and how effec­ sources for inspection, still manages to seize "With Western Dairy Products' new taste­ tive will these drugs be when they are needed numerous shipments every month involv­ less (their emphasis) sodium caseiniate called for medical purposes? Existing regulations ing decomposed fish and fl.sh products, the Savortone, you can now successfully use are too weak and poorly enforced. But these presence of coagulase, positive staphylococci, sodium caseinate as an emulsifier and binder antibiotics sure make for a growth industry. and parasi·tic oopepods. Frozen breaded for sausages, salad dressings, oil emulsions 3. Fat content in meat is an acknowledged shrimps containing bacterial filth, leaking and egg substitutes ... You can use it wher­ major contributor to heart disease. Fat con­ oo.nned fish, frozen whitefish with parasitic ever you like, and never wonder for a minute tent in many processed meats has been go­ cysts, caviar containing borates, imported what the consumers will think. They'll never ing up in recent years, according to the U.S. dried fl.sh containing maggots are some know." Department of Agriculture. Why? Because other 1llustrations. The industry's attitude toward its own re­ fat is cheaper than meat and since they are Consumers Uni'On has conducted several sponsibilities in testing the various effects, mixed together, the consumer rarely can tests over the past decade and will conduct short and longer range, of their additives ls tell the difference. How bad is the situation? more shortly. Here is p11.l't of CU's tally: reflected in the tragically low research and Well, the USDA issued a few months ago Ninety-eight of one hundred twenty sam­ testing budget, most of which goes to devel­ (December) a proposal to set a maximum ples of frozen raw breaded shrimp tested con­ oping new convenience foods using more fat content of 30 % for the class of fl.nished tained coagulase positive staphylococci additives and not on the effects of these addi­ sausage products that includes frankfurter, (1961); 55 of 120 samples of cod, haddock, tives on the human organism. The level of wiener, vienna, bologna, garlic bologna, and ocean perch fillets judged substandard technical competence in the food labora­ knackwurst and similar products. The meat qualtty ( 1963); 85 percent of 646 cans of tories is low, as judged by the producers of industry, led by the American Meat In­ salmon (51 brands) showed a tendency to­ food additives who sell to these companies. stitute, is strongly opposing this requirement. ward mushiness or discoloration (1966); 17 (See Chemical and Engineering News, Oct. 10. Fat as a cost reduction technique is ter­ samples of 18 frozen salmon steaks (three 1968.) ribly congenial to the industry's tastes. Look brands) were so rancid that no cooking One of this century's greatest geneticists, how well it works with the most expensive method could disguise the bad flavor (1966). Dr. Hermann J. Muller put this kind of prob­ breakfast meat product called bacon. Some Like so many foods that are unwholesome lem in proper focus: people, it may be, may want to pay hard they a,re bad bargains in an economic sense. "What we are concerned with .•. is thb dollars for fat in their bologna, but they have 7. Water pollution-sewage and industrial possibility of (food additives, drugs, narcot­ a right to know how much fat they're buy­ waste-in bays and off-shore areas, where ics, antibiotics, pesticides, air pollutants and ing and other more fastidious consumers shell fish are harvested, is a mounting peril. water pollutants) being mutagenetic, that is, should not have to buy meat with a high, The FDA just recently seized 21,000 pounds producing mutations in the genetic material, latent material that isn't meat at all. of f.rozen fish out of the Great Lakes because and being thereby damaging not only to the 4. Consumers Union went out shopping of dangerous pesticide levels in the salmon. directly exposed individuals but even to their for fresh pork sausage recently. CU subjected Environmental pollution finds its way in descendants. the sausage samples to laboratory tests. other food products as well. Is the food indus­ ''It is now important to know what sub­ Thirty percent of the federally inspected try pushing for pollution controls? No. Is the stances have such effects, how they may be sausage and forty percent of the infrequent food industry adopting and developing tech­ recognized and dealt with, and in what ways Illinois inspection failed CU's tests for ab­ niques for detection of such pollution? Only the effects will be expressed in the exposed sence of fl.Ith or acceptably low bacteria very slowly, at best. and subsequent generations." counts. (Last month 60 persons came down 8. Every week, FDA puts out its little Over the past several years, leading geneti­ with trichinosis in Missouri). CU also found known "Weekly Recall Report." It is little cists and biologists meeting at scientific sym­ that one-eighth of the federally inspected known because FDA does little to publicize posia have expressed alarm at the lack of sausage and more than one-fifth of the other it. Some food recalls of late include Cookies national policy and commitment to learning sausage contained insect fragments, insect (rodent filth) Egg Yolk Solids (contamina­ what the somatic and genetic impacts on larvae, rodent hairs and other kinds of fl.Ith. tion, SalmoneUa--a fast spreading food­ people are from the thousands of chemicals The sausage samples tested included most borne menace generally) . Imitation Pistachio, including food additives; that are confront­ major brand names. lemon, mint etc. Flavors) contained decerti­ ing us. When scientists such as Dr. Rene 5. USDA reports in 1962 and 1967-68 fied color FD & C green #1). Candy (high Dubas, Dr. Richard A. Kimball (Oak Ridge covering non-federally inspected plants (a acidity) , a. Sugarless, pre-sweetened Drink Laboratory), Dr. Marvin Legator (FDA) and category accounting for 25% of the nation's (mislabeled, contains 24 to 30% dextrose), Dr. Matthew Meselsen of Harvard show deep meat supply) showed evidence of selling 4D assorted frozen pastries (for contamination, worry, it is time we an became concerned animals (dead, dying, diseased and disabled petroleum hydrocarbons). ,Chocolate flavored about the need for safety guidelines and animals) for human consumption, repul­ drink (contamination, mold & insect frag­ monitoring procedures. sively unsanitary conditions in the plants ments), Plain Chocolate Candies (M&M's, What permits the food industry to manip­ (rodents, vermin, etc. have access to the Contamination, Salmonella.), Peanut candy ulate its products for sales-maximization meat preparation and storage areas for ex­ (contamination, Aflotoxin), Kidney Beans (including preservation over time for nation­ ample) and the use of megal additives or (Insect infested), Evaporated Milk (rusty, wide distribution) and cost reduction in untested additives to color, season and pre- leaking and exploding cans). ways that place the risk of harm on the con­ . serve the putrid meat so as to render it pala­ 9. Cyclamate, an artiffi.cia.l sweetener in sumer is the absence of comprehensive, oper­ table. Other USDA reports on poultry prep­ diet soft drinks is beginning to cause the ating standards of evaluation. It is also the aration revealed substantial prevalence of FDA worry after years of assurances that it diftlculty of tracing the cause and effect of diseased poultry being sold to unsuspecting was safe. Tests have shown th.at it leads to this silent type Of violence to tissue and cell buyers throughout the country. Much of this chromosome breakage in rats; humans are structure over long periods of time or even substandard meat and poultry is routinely just being tested now. Other less serious af­ in cases of food poisoning outbreaks, the funnelled into city slums. USDA inspected fiiotions are known to result from not overly search for the responsible agent is diftlcult plants are not without their problems. The generous consumption of these artificially because of the many variables or inputs. This meat industry likes to throw away only sweetened drinks. Like many other additives very difficulty requires a strategy of preven­ bones; all meat, no matter what its con­ to food and drink, the FDA has permitted a tion at the source, not a wait and see atti­ dition is a tempting subject for "recondi­ sell now, test later posture by the companies. tude resulting in disastrous consequences of tioning" or "doctoring". Not even the bet­ FDA has admitted that it has heavily relied the type foreshadowed in the thalidomide ter companies, such as Hormel, are above on summary assurances by food companies tragedy. doctoring such once-rejected meat by the about additives and has not checked in detail There is still a widespread impression that first retail buyer for subsequent resale to the raw test data. FDA now recommends that government is watching out for the con­ supermarkets in the slums and some in the a child drink no more than two 10-ounce diet sumer ever since the pure food law was suburbs. M111ions of pounds of meat are de­ drinks a day containing cyclamates. passed early in the century. The fact is that stroyed by federal order every month but 10. More and more additives are pouring FDA neither has the resources, nor the regu­ many more get to market. Bad meat is stlll into our foods. The growth of chemical addi­ latory dedication nor adequate authority to good business. tive use in foods is being stimulated by the keep up with the proliferating abuses in the 6. The fl.sh inspection b111 is once again fast rise of convenience foods-so-oalled. food industry. To conduct research, inspec­ before Congress. The fish industry, backed by Joseph G. Jarrell of Hercules, a producer of tion, review test results and enforce the law, such law firms as Covington and Burling, is additives, declared that convenience foods FDA was provided with $23,056,000 for 1969- confidelllt that the b111 wm go nowhere this are more Ukely to require "special flavorings, less than a fourth of the cost of one atomic 14562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 submarine. According to Dr. S. S. Epstein of and divert it toward antisocial practices are 2. Last year the Federal Trade Commission the Children's Cancer Research Foundation, pertinent to fairness and safety for con­ released a report on lumber grading, inspec­ (Boston), there are only three laboratories in sumers. tion and marketing (lumber prices have sky­ this country specifically evaluating the po­ It is useful at the outset to itemize a num­ rocketed to a 50 % increase in the past year tential health hazards of chemical muta­ ber of abuses, practices and phenomena-in in many lines). The report stated: gens--all small efforts. A 1967 Health, Edu­ no way exhaustive of the corporate preda­ "The masquerading of low grade lumber cation and Welfare report, "A Strategy for a tions but in a small way reflective of condi­ for high grade lumber has bilked con­ Liveable Environment," bewailed the fact tions that merit the profound concern that sumers of millions of dollars, has lowered the that unlike most government regulatory has convened this subcommittee. Subsequent margin of structural safety in innumerable agencies, the FDA "does not have subpoena to the completion of this list, a few lessons dwelllngs, and, in the affected market areas, authority either to summon witnesses or to will be drawn on a more general plane. has impaired competitive mores among sur­ require firms to divulge pertinent records." 1. During the winter of 1967-1968, Mont­ viving wholesalers, retailers and contractors." Hundreds Of firms, which the FDA is sup­ gomery Ward mailed notices to its charge The abuse remains. posed to monitor routinely refuse every year account customers in some 32 states telling 3. Last April, during the week of disturb­ to allow the FDA to conduct to conduct in­ them about "Charg-all Insurance Protec­ ances which took 37 lives throughout the spections or furnish quality or quantity tion." "I think you'll call it great," said nation, a negligently maintained leaky pipe­ formulas or to review safety or health control Ward's President, Edward S. Donnell in the line blew up in Richmond, Indiana, taking records. In 1965, 216 firms refused to give the cover letter. The customer was told that he 41 lives and seriously burning over 100 other FDA permission to review shipping records. soon would receive a certificate evidencing persons. No federal or state law applied to This prevents FDA from getting at hazardous the insurance of his indebtedness to Ward this disaster. The Indiana Public service situations early in the time of their de­ for amounts between $30 and $3,000. The Commission didn't belleve it even had au­ velopment. FDA has itself been unduly coverage provided for payment of the in­ thority to investiga.te formally this explo­ meek, failing to publicize its drastic needs debtedness in the event of death or disability sion. No law and no order was applied to the for the protection of the consumer and re­ of the customer. Ward would be the gas company and its induced violence. flecting a passive enforcement policy. Its beneficiary. 4. Antitrust officials at the Justice Depart­ educational function has lagged greatly, even The insurance plan was a means of pro­ ment know that price fixing is rampant with reports by the National Academy of tecting Ward's claim against the customer throughout the economy but simply do not Sciences and the AMA Council on Foods while avoiding costly collection expenditures have the manpower to deal with this criminal and Nutrition warning about the loss of es­ against the estate of a deceased customer corporaite violation. Price fixing keeps prices sential nutrients in foods, and the Report or directly against a disabled customer. The higher for consumers than they would be of the National Commission on Community premium was to be .10 per month per $100 if competition prevailed. The electric price Health Services warning about existing food or fraction thereof owed to Ward. Contrary fixing conspiracy involving General Electric, hazards and inadequate public health con­ to the usual contractual doctrines, the failure Westinghouse, Allis Chalmers and other com­ trols that "have created the potential for of the customer to make an affirmative re­ panies was prosecuted in 1960-61 by the massive nationwide outbreaks of food-borne fusal of the coverage obligated him to pay Justice Department. It cost consumers over illnesses." the insurance premium. In order to avoid a billion dollars. It cost G.E. Westinghouse The time has indeed come for the public the coverage, the customer was told he must et al about $500 million in punitive damage to expect the food industry to shoulder its (a) deduct the premium from his bill or settlements and this sum was promptly writ­ burden of proof of health and safety in its (b) call Ward or (c) fill in an enclosed ten off as "ordinary and necessary" business products, to end its secrecy, to extend its card. If one of these courses of action was expenses. Corporations who pay out such inspection, testing and research and to em­ not taken, the customer was covered. Only damages after criminally violating the anti­ phasize wholesomeness, purity and nutrition the first bill listed the insurance premium trust laws can share their pain With the above gimmickry and packaging appeals. The separately. Customers complained of nearly general taxpayer under present Treasury issue of food safety and quality will be a discarding the announcements because they rulings. large one in 1969 ! were sent out on bulk mall rates and ap­ 5. 011 import quotas, by keeping high the peared like junk mail. They also complained domestic price of oil and blocking the im­ STATEMENT OF RALPH NADER BEFORE THE EXEC­ that the malllngs did not include postage portation of cheap and less polluting foreign UTIVE REORGANIZATION SUBCOMMITTEE OF paid envelopes to facilitate refusals. Insur­ petroleum, are costing the U.S. consumer at THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT ance Commissioner Hunt of Minnesota said least $3-$5 billion a year according to Execu­ OPERATIONS, MARCH 20, 1969, ON S. 860--TO that: tive Branch estimates. These and other ESTABLISH A DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER "It is unreasonable to believe that all of quotas are consumer liSsues. AFFAIRS Ward's charge customers will read the letter 6. Automobile bumpers-those chrome, or­ Mr Chairman, distinguished Members of from Ward's President, E. Donnell and will namental, eyebrows-are designed to maxi­ the Senate Subcommittee on Executive Re­ understand that they are going to be charged mize repair costs and knowingly so. Fender organization, thank you for the opportunity for the credit life insurance unless they take sections and other captive parts sell well to express my views on S. 860 and the needs affirmative action to reject it. It is outrageous with bumpers that cannot protect the vehi­ out of which this proposal emerges. for people to be coerced into paying for some­ cle in collisions exceeding 2 mph and some It is clear that this subcommittee intends thing they don't want." Maryland Insurance bumpers fail that standard. Recently, Ed­ to establish a record during these hearings Commissioner Newton Steers called the plan ward Daniels, an Automobile Club of Michi­ that will not only document the necessity of "high-handed." gan insurance executive, released a study a major organizational proposal for consumer A burst of criticism followed and a number that indicated an annual loss to motorists protection but also help sharpen the shape of insurance departments investigated the of $1 billion due to ornamental bumpers. A which any such organization should take to matter along with the Senate Antitrust Sub­ functional bumper-designed to protect fulfill such a mission. My statement will committee. But despite all this activity, the against impacts up to a modest 10 mph­ strive to keep this objective in focus. operation of the plan was virtually un­ would save the motorist that much money, Consumer abuses come in two basic affected, with the possible exception of its he said. Do the auto executives know this? fcrms--(a) they reduce real incomes and operation in Minnesota. Company repre­ Of course they do. But they go on looting sentatives agreed to print boxes on the bill the public by design. A billion dollars is di­ n1isallocate resources by way of frauds, so that the customer can refuse the insurance verted from other purchases such as food, snoddy merchandise and other deceptions or by checking the appropriate box. However, furniture, medicine, clothes. This is an il­ bilking schemes and (b) they inflict violence the customer still must take affirmative ac­ lustration of the misallocation of resources on consumers by way of hazardous products, tion to refuse coverage. The bill form re­ as a result of corporate venality. unprovided services or environmental pollut­ quired in Minnesota is slightly different. It 7. Over a year ago, Dr. James Goddard, ants. The spectrum of consumer 81buses in requires a more explicit bold face type ex­ Commissioner of the Food and Drug Admin­ the health and safety areas must cover the planation of the charges. However, the cus­ istration, predicted that the federal govern­ involuntary consumption of toxic or other­ tomer must still decline the insurance cov­ ment would force withdrawal from public wise dangerous man-inflicted materials in erage. And the explicit explanation is only on use about 300 drugs-some of them "family air, water and soil. the first bill. fa.vorites"-found to be ineffective for the ~ny discussion of consumer abuses must A class suit against Montgomery Ward's treatment of the medical conditions for a:so include the critical issue of corporate ir­ "revised" plan is now pending in Illinois and which they had been prescribed. Both pre­ responsibility. The economy of this country demands recovery of the premiums. The suit scription drugs and patent medicines-under ls a corporate economy. The corporate institu­ alleges that the plan ls virtually identical 1,600 brand names-were to be involved. tion ls by far the major manufacturer, proces­ to the original one and that the customer is Hope is still springing eternal. sor and vendor of goods and services. What still not given an adequate explanation of 8. The U.S. Department of Agriculture ls external and internal incentives and re­ what the coverage is (e.g. age limits, pre­ proposing a rule limiting fat content to 30% straints obtain for the corporate entity and existing conditions void the coverage for in various processed meats. The meat indus­ the people who work in a corporate frame­ disability, etc.). Worse, if the customer ne­ try ls opposed. Hams with 30% water content work are fundamentally related to the pro­ glects to check either the box indicating re­ abound in parts of the country such as Cali­ tection and fairness or lack thereof that are fusal or acceptance, he is assumed to have fornia. What is the dollar buying here? Does accorded consumers. Likewise, what privi­ accepted. In any event, the choice of boxes ls the consumer know? Here is an advertise­ leges, 1mmun1tles and defenses prevent the only on the bill for the first month of cover­ ment from the magazine Food Technol­ publlc accountablllty of corporate behaviour age. The abuse remains. ogy which reflects the prevaillng spirit: June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14563 "With Western Dairy Products' new taste­ 13. For several decades, interstate motor delays which when endured then leave the less (their emphasis) sodium caseinate called carriers like Greyhound have had their ac­ Government with only the crudest and Savortone, you can now successfully use cident reports kept secret by the Federal thereby difficult to apply sanctions. sodium caseinate as an emulsifier and binder Government. Until late last year, the Gov­ The Federal Trade Oommisslon, for most of for sausages, salad dressings, oil emulsions, ernment accident reports on carrier crashes its enforcement work, can only order cease and egg substitutes . . . You can use it were secret. This secrecy has shielded both and desist decrees which lets the Violator wherever you like, and never wonder for a carriers and the ICC (now in the Depart­ keep his ill gotten gains and frees him to minute what the consumers will think. ment of Transportation's Bureau of Motor try and design around the decree. Corporate They'll never know." Carrier Safety) from public evaluation and violations affect far greater numbers of peo­ What's on the labels is not all that is in contribution. It has also kept the facts from ple than the conventional street crime in fact the meat product. Last year, Consumer Re­ the victims of these crashes, thus protecting and in potential. Pollution of the air with ports tested fresh pork sausages-including the carriers from legal accountability. J.t is deadly conta.mina.nts is a continuing assault leading brands and found some distressing not surprising, therefore, that defective con­ in the streets-to name but one hazard out­ things. One-eighth of the Federally inspected ditions and hazardous practices ( such as side the plants. Yet while the penalties for sausage and more than one-fifth Of the other Greyhound's use of repeatedly and poorly re­ individual crime (three years in prison were sausage contained insect fragments, in.Sect grooved rear tires) have persisted. awarded two youths last year in Maryland larvae, rodent hairs and other kinds of filth. There are a number of lessons to be drawn who stole 300 lbs. of tobacco and admitted In typical samples, CR found that 30% of from such situations as briefly noted above. their guilt when apprehended, returning the the federally inspected sausage and 40 % of The idea that consumer abuses stem over­ tobacco as well) outside the corporate frame­ the sausage subject only to infrequent Illi­ whelmingly from fringe or marginal firms is work far exceed the feather swishes that go nois inspection failed the tests for absence utterly untenable, notwithstanding FTC for corporate penalties-even those not de­ of filth or acceptable low bacteria counts. Chairman Paul Rand Dixon's self-serving ductible or passed on to the hapless con­ CR stated that such findings suggest "un­ declarations to the contrary. Whether it ls sumer. clean packinghouses, unsanitary ingredients drugs, automobiles, lending, packaging, ciga­ A great tool of government for consumer and inadequate inspection." These tests even rettes, pesticides, flammable fabrics, pipe­ protection has been rarely used-that is, jarred the U.S. Department of Agriculture-­ lines, air and water pollution-big business prototype research and development for not an inconsiderable accomplishment. is intensely implicated in the abuses and safety and health purposes. Non-polluting 9. William B. Keiser Of Allison Park, Pa., industrial violence directly and consciously. engines (external combustion for instance) was driving his new Pontiac on October 25, Present Federal authority leaves out many have not been developed by the auto com­ 1968, when his left front wheel bearing failed. areas of consumer protection from any form panies for other than technical reasons. The The repairs did not come under the warranty, of attention or action. The National Commis­ government could have done so for a frac­ according to his dealer. Mr. Keiser objected sion on Product Safety-established last year tion of the amount soaring away in the m­ and wrote to Pontiac's home office. He wrote for a two year period-has illustrated this advised Super-Sonic transport program. The again. He still has not received any answer well in its short existence. The Commission same exemplary and motivating function even though his original letter stated that has found startling hazards in many toys­ could have been performed for safer cars, a he had purchased a mere 13 Pontiacs since of an electrical, mechanical or thermal na­ less noiseless environment, fire preventive 1953 for his family use. ture. It has found child deaths through re­ techniques and retardants. The sums ex­ 10. In 1962, the Surgeon General sub­ frigeration entrapment and nibbling leaded pended would have been returned manyfold mitted a list of 150 physicians and scientists paint peeling off slum walls continuing with­ in lives saved and diminished waste. The fed­ who were candidates for the Advisory Com­ out remedy. It has found that many sources eral government has still not developed a mittee on Smoking and Health to the Sur­ of existing information-such as that held policy toward individual inventors, both geon General, to the Tobacco Institute. The by insurance companies on product haz­ without or within companies. Thus the na­ Tobacco Institute was given the right to ards-have not been tapped by any level of tion is losing much of its citizen inventive­ veto anyone on the list without any reason Government. It found that the Federal ness to the stifling environment of corpor­ given. Although the final committee came Housing Administration was not requiring ate collectivism. Yet, the data are impres­ out with a report that was critical of ciga­ safety glass in all F.H.A. approved homes-­ sive in still showing that major innovations rette smoking, this unique access of an indus­ a simple step that could save many lives and stm come from individuals, often working try trade group appears at least inappro­ thousands of injuries every year. It found alone, and not committees within corpora­ priate. that there were no adequate standards to tions. 11. Congressman John Dingell obtained prevent serious burns, particularly on chil­ Particularly in the era of the computer, the information during his recent inquiries into dren, from gas-fired ftoor furnaces. The Com­ government's consumer information func­ the effectiveness of private industry stand­ mission has documented durable failures in tion ls very weak. It is weak in not utUizing ards that the formula observed by the Ameri­ private standards groups and certifying and disseminating existing data in its pos­ can Hotel and Motel Association does not groups such as Underwriters' Laboratories. session but also gathering additional data. produce hygienic linen. Under these stand­ No standards by Government exist for power The situation reaches almost ludicrous levels ards the ba-0teria count in laundry is only lawn mowers, washing machines, stoves and when the inspection and procurement (school slightly reduced after being washed in one of other appliances which literally cause hun­ lunch) branches of the Department of Agri­ the more highly advertised home laundry dreds of .thousands of injuries every year. culture do not communicate over contamin­ preparations. Rep. Dingell stated that the The level of non-enforcement of laws ated fOod coming to the attention of one or evidence showed "pathogens such as staphy­ against corporate transgressions is most dis­ the other. The tremendous, deceptive waste lococcus to be only slightly deterred by the turbing for those who believe that law and of advertising that is selling not distinctive very laundering process that we rely upon order should apply to the rich as well as to qualities but brand name identification could to remove them completely. Our European the poor. The U.S. Department of Agricul­ be reduced sharply with objective, point of brothers are rather more advanced than we ture sits on serious violations of the pesti­ sale consumer information from a central are in that their home laundry equipment cide laws for years and does not refer them computer bank. Similarly, many such dis­ contains a booster unit to increase the tem­ to the Justice Department for prosecution. plays of waste and misallocatlon of re­ perature of the water. This increases the bac­ General Motors waits for as long as three sources could be dlmlnished by such infor­ terial kill rate considerably. However, as in­ years, shunning its own inspector's reports, mation programs. dicated in a letter from the DuPont Com­ before recalling 2.5 mllllon Chevrolets. No Corporate executives are not called upon pany, this higher water temperature has a Government official calls for law enforcement to answer for these consumer frauds or asked softening effect on plastic pipe which quite here for such delay in recalllng vehicles with to testify before the Congress, I am referring probably would damage a plastic plumbing exhaust leakage into the passenger compart­ to the top two corporate executives, not sub­ system. ment. The elitist mores are such that, in­ ordinates. Such executives insulate them­ 12. The flammable fabrics act, the truth­ stead, G.M. received praise for not delaying selves from these and many other dialogs. in-packaging act, the oil pipeline safety act, further and waiting for more deaths to be They should not be allowed to do so. It 1s the regulation by the ICC of household mov­ documented as carbon monoxide victims. striking what a difference there is in having ing van practices, the pesticide act, and drug The attached supplement dealing with the them present. It ls also striking how few advertising enforcement have been serious or Hormel Co. plant in Southern California dis­ committees of Congress demand their pres­ colossal failures. Consumer legislation is closes hitherto unrevealed information of ence. Your subcommittee showed this clearly highly vulnerable to deceptive packaging. It gross abuses relating to the sales of rotten when it demanded that the heads of General is also often starved for funds. This depriva­ meat, even though Federal inspectors are at Motors, not the subordinates, show up 1f tion, of course, is not new. The combined the plant presumably enforcing Federal that company were to testify. The impres­ budgets of the Federal Trade Commission laws. sion made on these gentlemen-Messrs. Don­ and the Antitrust Division of the Justice De­ The articulated sanctions in laws dealing ner and Roche-at the hearings led to their partment have always been trivial as com­ with corporate crime are deplorably weak. ordering the energy absorbing steering col­ pared with the task they are given to accom­ Wilfull and knowing violations, for example, umn into production. They received an edu­ plish and the size of the economy. The record of the auto safety law, the gas pipeline law, cation in vehicle safety design in Washing­ budget for the two agencies combined was the radiation control law-to name a few­ ton, not in Detroit or New York behind about $22 million last year-less than 10 do not carry with them criminal penalties. cloistered. offices. Top corporate have pre­ hours gross receipts of General Motors. As Lawyer-lobbyists had them deleted. The pen­ ferred access to government--advlsory com­ discussed earlier this week, the FTC does not al ties for violations of the air and water pol­ mittees, social occasions at which key busi­ even use its funds to full effect. lution laws are encumbered with incredible ness is discussed, top appointments, quick 14564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1969 response to their inquiries for appointments public interest burdens from other Depart­ SUPPLEMENT or information. It is time that citizens ments and regulatory agencies and (d) gen­ The George A. Hormel Co. plant of La through Congress, had comparable access ~ erate needless opposition to any Department Mirada, California is almost new; in fact less oorporate executives in public. by established agencies apprehensive of losing than two years old. It is considered a show­ As presently organized, the Federal Gov­ their programs. To be effective, a consumer place of modern meat preparation. And in­ ernment has not engendered the creative agency must not have anything to give to deed the stainless steel atmosphere would ap­ ideas for coµsumer protection that are so industry or commerce, as it most assuredly pear to be an ideal setting for the preparation badly needed. Problems begging for detailed would if it had a regulatory role. Having of such appetiZlng items as Buffet Ham Loaf, remedies include the handling of complaints, something to give would attract the same Sunday Bacon, Smoked Polish Sausage, Sir­ but their bucking over from one agency to forces that undermined or controlled other loin Steaks and Prosciutto. The Hormel another; the decentralization of enforcement, agencies. The thrust of a consumer agency, Company (based in Austin, Minnesota) ls a the development of local and State consumer in my judgment, is to assist in the reform of leader in the industry averaging about ¥2 protection bodies, the process by which prob­ other agencies to perform in the public in­ billion in sales each year. A good example lems can be anticipated at their earliest terest, not to progressively relieve them of from Hormel sets a standard for the industry. stages through early targeting that could that horizon in their deliberations. Unfortunately, however, the etscorted guests come from a freer flow of information; the The prospects for any form of consumer in this Hormel plant at La Mirada do not lack of due process and freedom of dissent agency or Department receiving the sup­ get to see all. What they miss would be in the corporate structure which leads to in­ port of the present Admlnistration are readi­ more enlightening than what they are calculable damage; the best way to resolve ly dim. There is nothing in the campaign shown. If the guests were permitted to see conflicts between buyer and seller that simply literature and the interregnum to assure the all, they would see Hormel scalers repacking are excluded from the judicial arena owing public that the Administration's leaders un­ old meat in new packages with recent cOde to time, expense and other factors. derstand consumer problems much less ex­ dates in order to disguise the true age of the There is a high priority in investigating the pect to do somethlng a.bout them. In fact, product. These visitors might also see, if so-called lobbying infra-structure that un­ on more than one occasion just the con­ they were permitted to, the t>torage area dermines and could continue to undermi11e trary was the case. which holds the Hormel meats obscurely re­ any consumer activity in Government. In­ Since taking office, the Administration has ferred to as #2 meat. This innocent-sound­ cluded are trade associations-such as the confirmed its pre-inaugural stance. The de­ ing name is actually the plant euphemism Automobile Manufacturers Association and bacle in trying to fill the President's spe­ for rotting and adulterated meat which will the American Iron and Steel Institute and cial assistant for consumer's affairs office con­ be sold to some Southern California super­ the National Coal Polley Conference--and tinues in low key by the absence of any can­ markets, with their knowledge, and to some corporate law firms such as Covington and didate for the post. It is now clear that the school districts Without their knowledge. Burling and Hogan and Hartson and Arnold Attorney General is going to abolish the And if . our visitors were permitted to istay and Porter. The gentlemen who run these Office of the Consumer Counsel in his De­ long enough they would witness a host of operations are eminent speclallsts in cutting partment. This Counsel was to have a key other deeply upsetting practices. down consumer programs in their incipiency role inside and outside the Justice Depart­ Some regular buyers of Hormel prOducts or undermining them if they mature. They ment as an advisor, advocate and idea-gen­ seek to protect the persons they serve by are the masters of the ex parte contact, the erator for consumer protection in areas rang­ requiring all meat to be code dated upon private deals and trade-offs, the greasing of ing from policy-making to development of arrival. This ls obviously a prudent measure the corporate wheels and the softening of the a Consumer's Bulletin that has been also on the part of buyers of a perlshaible com­ bureaucrats' will. They could tell this Com­ called a Consumers' Federal Register. There modity and this requirement no doubt glvets mittee a great deal about the obstacles and ls no one holding the post now as it has been them a sense of security. One such buyer is tactics which consumer drives and adminis­ kept vacant since the Johnson appointee Certified Grocers of California. The sham tration must deal with. Without such knowl­ resigned. quality of the dating becomes clear when­ edge, the administrative structure cannot be In other Departments and agenoies, con• ever the shipping instructions say: "Do not devised and implemented effectively. I am sumer protection proponents are running short smoked hams to Certified Groc. If sure that such citizens as Lloyd Cutler and for oover or being eased out from top to sur­ lots are too old, rebox and put new code date Thomas AU.Stern and Edwin Rockefeller-all prisingly lower staff levels. In the Depart­ on each box." And a more general instruc­ of whom deal with the consumer in their ment of Transportation, the Federal High­ tion regarding demanding buyers: "As a re­ distinctive ways as corporate attorneys-­ way Administrator, Francis Turner, is hav­ minder-try to enter Code Dates on recap would be pleased to come before this Sub• ing a field day, with the permissive support (the repackaging) for Certified, Safeway, committee and provide its members With of the Secretary, in rooting out all people Market Basket and accounts who require a their views and experience. who questioned in the slightest the advis­ close call date." ability of paving ·over America with high­ The stresses to which consumer interests ways, balancing the nation's transport sys­ Another tough customer for the Hormel have been subjected to in the marketplace, tem, reducing the voracious appetite of the plant is nearby Vandenberg Air Force Base. in the environment and in policymaking highway lobby, staying the irrational misuse This ls a lucrative and active account so that arenas have brought about in recent months tt of land in cl.ties and country and striving a special procedure was set up to service ~ number of proposals to defend his interest.a. and at the same time avoid the incon­ Senator Metcalf has introduced legislation to make vehicles safer. Mr. Turner's relentless drive ls now placing the National Highway venience of Vandenberg's dating require­ to create an agency that would represent ment: "On all Smoked Meats, Sliced Bacon, consumers at rate-making hearings for utlll­ Safety Bureau, with whom he battled as Di­ rector of the Bureau of Public Roads, under Wieners and Packaged Lunch Meats, there ties. Senator Hart has proposed an independ­ must be a current cOde date not past seven ent consumers information foundation. Con­ the grip of his concrete-asphalt minded ad­ ministration. The Food and Drug Administra­ (7) days. This ls according to the rules and gressman Ottinger has proposed a Federal regulations of the Air Force Base. The Pork "environmental ombudsman'' to protect nat­ tion haa suddenly mellowed rapidly in its enforcement and rule-making activities. Ap­ Loins and Spare Ribs should be left uncoded ural resources from damage and destruction pointments of a high caliber in the Depart­ until time of shipment. Ea~h Friday (x em­ resulting from Federal agency actions. S 860 ployee) will notify (y employee) the amount envisages a more comprehensive institution, ment of Health, Education and Welfare are being held up by retrograde medical mer­ of fresh pork products that will be delivered assuming that its concept of consumer in­ chants with strong lines into the new Ad­ to Vandenberg on the following Thursday. terests is sufficiently broad. ministration. On this basis we should do the coding two There is much in this bill with which I About the only contribution to the protec­ days prior to !Shipment." agree. There is a definite need for a distinct tion of the consumer by the new Adminis­ These buyers, despite their efforts, are arm of the Federal Government to promote tration was tJhe inadvertant public exposure getting stale meat and there is reasonable and represent the consumer interest by per­ given to the transparent nullity that is the probab111ty that it cannot or at least should forming the following !unctions-investiga­ Good Housekeeping Seal. An Administra­ not be e~ten. Ma.ny other buyers, however, tion, research and testing, information dis­ tion composed of leading Presidential ad­ are certain to be getting meat which ls not semination, handling complaints and advo­ visors from advertising agencies, ex-lobbyists edible. This is Hormel's #2 meat. Officially cacy before agencies and courts and presen­ for industry and multi-millionaire construc­ #2 meat does not exist. The price list con­ tations before Congress. I do not find per­ tion and manufacturing magnates can be tains no designation or prlcets for anything suasive, however, the depositing of various forgiven a short per.loci. of transition from list #2 meat. The pricing policy with regard regulatory functions including the transfer one role to another. But the forces building to #2 meat was best explained by a Hormel of several consumer laws from other depart­ up in this country for clean air, water and salesman, who sells a great deal of meat to ments and agencies to the proposed Depart­ soil, for product safety and justice in the San Diego schools. This salesman responded ment. Giving the Department of Consumer marketplace will not long wait upon an to a memo from his superior which com­ Affairs such a regulatory role would (a) Administration which continues such a plained that he had not been getting enough simply refocus the entire lobbying environ­ blend of indifference and callousness. Your for the #2 meat. The salesman retorted: "I ment on the Department; (b) weaken the hear.lugs wlll afford a needed forum for con­ sell all the junk (emp. in original) I can for Department's strong advocate role because it veying the word down Pennsylvania Ave­ &3 much as I can get for it. I can't do more." would have to referee between competing in­ nue--lf indeed anyone down there ls listen­ The accepted practice for disposing o! terests in its administrative hearings and ing. spoiled meat is destruction or sale to render­ i:_ule-making roles; (c) further lighten any Thank you. ing plants. Sales by the La Mirada plant to June 2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14565 rendering plants consist almost wholly o! ghetto trade is pork melts. Pork melts sell He joined the Army in July, 1967, after bones. Decayed meats need not be wasted in for about 10 cents per lb. and have no obvi­ dropping out of Hancock High School near this way. They can be sold directly to super­ ous culinary value. Yet one processor re­ Hagerstown. He was born in Hagerstown. markets, many o! them in Los Angelet:J cently purchased 3,000 lbs. of pork melts. Specialist McGowan received his basic ghetto areas but some in Orange County This had nothing to do with food fads. Pork training at Fort Bragg, N.C. He spent nine (map referred to not printed in RECORD 1 ) , to melts are a staple item for processors. When months in Germany before being sent to processors who "doctor" the product and mixed with fat ground meat, pork melts Vietnam in September, 1968. in turn sell to ghetto supermarkets and "melt" and give the whole mixture a red In addition to his parents, his survivors in­ even to unsuspecting school districts. One appearance. clude a brother, Seaman David McGowan in supermarket, not far from the Watts riot School children, the poor and, with sur­ fhe Navy at Pensacola, Fla. area, is among the plant's best cus­ prising regularity, rich suburbanites in the tomers. It buys virtually nothing except Los Angeles area are eating these sub-meat #2 meats. Number 2 Kolbase bought at $.30/ products. And even the Federal Government lb. ls sold at $.90/ lb. to the area's poor resi­ is not immune. At mentioned earlier, the La dents. Here again, the poor pay more for Mirada plant supplies Vandenberg AFB on NORTHERN VffiGINIA CITIZENS less-much less. a regular basis. The evidence is that author­ GROUP SLATES ABM DEBATE Recently hundreds of pounds of inferior ities at the base are careful to see that the #2 meats-spec:l.fically wieners--had to be men are receiving meat of adequate quality. returned by a half dozen schools at least. The date coding system, as we have seen, HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. They were black and full of fa.t. Not even o1fers no protection of quality. But the de­ OF CALIFORNIA doctoring at the La Mirada plant could save ception goes further. For instance, on Janu­ this shipment. ary 23, 1969, the appropriate officer at Van­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Specifically what is #2 meat? The words denberg rejected a large shipment of beef Monday, June 2, 1969 of the original buyers who rejected the meat patties. The reason for the rejection was speak for themselves: simple. The order had stated that the patties Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ 1. Moldy liver loaf. were to be delivered frozen. The meat was er, it is imperative that all citizen&­ 2. Sour party hams. shipped back to the La Mirada Plant, refrozen throughout the country-realize all the 3. Leaking bologna. and shipped back to Vandenberg the next implications behind the struggle now oc­ 4. Discolored bacon. week. The inspecting officer, knowing nothing curring both in Congress and across the 5. 01! condition (euphemism for rotting) of the deception, accepted the meat as a Nation concerning deployment of Pres­ hams. different shipment. 6. Slick and slimy spare ribs. ident Nixon's proposed ABM system. These are the actual reasons given by cus­ Washington, D.C., ended up as one of tomers for rejecting meats. In each case the lucky areas to receive protection credit was given the customer and each com­ from Safeguard, but so far, public debate pany credit memorandum contains the nota­ TWO MARYLANDERS DIE IN here has been minimal. Hopefully, tion "transfer to #2." In one case the cus­ VIETNAM though, that situation is changing. tomer's shipment arrived in such a bad state Tomorrow night, Tuesday, June 3, the that slimy and rotten spare ribs had to be dumped on the spot. A few from this batch Northern Virginia Coalition of Citizens HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Concerned About the ABM will hold a were actually returned to the plant. They OF MABYLAND also were transferred to #2. In two other town meeting to discuss the President's cases customers returned ribs for "sllmlness, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proposals on ABM. The recently formed discoloration, stickiness." They received Monday, June 2, 1969 coalition consists of nine citizens special treatment. They were marked "trans­ groups-seven opposing ABM and two fer to cure and smoke." This resurrected. Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, which have taken no stand but wish to meat will emerge as "Windsor Loins", which Sgt. Ernest J. Hughes and Sp4c. William have public airing on the question. actually sell for more than fresh pork chops. L. McGowan, two fine young men from I view the town meeting concept as a On January 22, 1969, Von's grocery re­ Maryland, were killed recently in Viet­ jected a shipment of hams, saying that they nam. I would like to commend their powerful means of presenting the many were "discolored.--excessive moisture." The aspects of the ABM debate, and I urge meat was resold the same day to a super­ bravery and honor their memory by in­ cluding the following article in the those persons here in the Washington market which regularly buys number 2 meats. area who feel they need to know more The plant lost only $4.47 on an original sale RECORD: about ABM to attend the meeting. of $23.18. Better Foods on that same day Two FRoM STATE Dn: IN VIETNAM-Sn.VER rejected 4 pieces of ham because of "dis­ SPRING INFANTRYMAN, ESSEX SERGEANT Kn.LED Mr. Speaker, I include the following coloration, internal fat, and cavities." A cash An Army career sergeant from Essex and press release describing the town meet­ sale of the meat as #2 for $11.00 meant that an 18-year-old infantryman from Silver ing be in the RECORD at this point: the plant lost only $5.98 on a $17.79 sale. Spring are the latest Maryland casualties in FORMATION OF NEW COALITION OF NINE In one case a store returned meat saying it Vietnam, the Department of Defense an­ NORTHERN VIRGINIA GROUPS TO SEEK IN­ was "black--extremely discolored." It was nounced yesterday. CREASED P'uBLIC DlsCUSSION OF ABM cured and smoked and sold at only $1.82 They are: In mid-March, President Nixon announced under the original price of $22.80. Occasion­ Sgt. Ernest J. Hughes, 28, the husband of ally, things get even too bad for regular #2 his plans for the Safeguard anti-ball1stic Mrs. Shirley Hughes, of Middletown, Ky. missile system. Although 15 cities had for­ buyers. One of them recently returned bone­ Spec. 4 William L. McGowan, son of Oscar less party hams because they were sour. merly been ch-0sen for ABM sites (including D. McGowan, of 12508 Atherton drive, Silver Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los An­ They were sent back to #2 for another resale Spring, and Mrs. Evelyn Hammond, of attempt. geles, New York, San Francisco and Seattle) Hagerstown. the sites were removed from population cen­ There are a number of other buyers who Sergeant Hughes, a member of the 21st regularly purchase meat which is not quite ters due to citizen concern and public Infantry was killed May 12 during an attack education. #2 but yet is not quite meat. The Hormel on his base between Da Nang and Chu Lai. plant, obviously operating without compunc­ Among the remaining missile sites are the A 10-year veteran of the Army, Sergeant countrysides of Montana and North Dakota tions, obligingly supplies these quasi-meat Hughes had been ln Vietnam since last Octo­ products. One very large restaurant located and one city, Washington, D.C. ber. He had previously served in Korea and The governors of Montana and North Da­ on the site of a famous Los Angeles tourist Germany, among other places. attraction regularly orders frankfurters with kota have expressed their opposition to the He was born in Essex and was graduated Safeguard in their backyard and the citizens almost no meat. There is a special recipe and from Stemmers Run Junior High School. denomination for these franks, which are in these states have oragnlzed in protest. even inferior to the standard franks with SIX SURVIVORS In the absence of initiatives by local gov­ large quantities of cereal. This same outfit's In addition to his wife, his survivors in­ erning bodies, The Northern Virginia Coali­ regular orders, for one of its other sufftcient clude a 5-year-old son, Joseph; his parents, tion of Citizens Concerned About the A.B.M. dishes, something called "ham trim" which Mr. and Mrs. Edward Hughes, of Deep Point, have requested the Arlington, Alexandria, insiders say is floor sweepings. Another in­ Md.; and two brothers, Edward Hughes and Fairfax and Falls Church city councils to teresting item supplied in large quantities to James Hughes, of Essex. hold hearings on the ABM. processors and supermarkets specializing in Services will be held at 9 A.M. tomorrow Since there has been no response from the at the Connelly funeral establishment, 300 Council fathers we are now, publicly, asking !or open hearings. 1 Map does not show markets outside the Mace avenue. Los Angeles area {San Bernardino, River­ Specialist McGowan was k1lled May 14 in Concern ls mounting so rapidly, however, side) and does not show processors who spe­ Phu Bai, his stepmother, Mrs. Oscar Mc­ that we have planned a. Northern Virginia cialize in selling to markets in low income Gowan said yesterday. She said no details Town Meeting for Tuesday, June 3rd at T. C. areas. were given. WUliams High School to debate the ABM. 14566 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 3, 1969 The members of the debate team supporting Robert Goralski of NBC News will be the Meetings, New Democratic Coalition of No. the ABM are: moderator of this debate. Va., Northern Virginia Action Committee, Charles Lerch, Institute of Defense We deeply regret the silence of our elected Northern Virginia Clergy and Laymen Con­ Analysis. and appointed Virginia leaders. Although the cerned About Vietnam; Park!airfax Citizens Association; Richard Fryklund, Special Advisor to the ABM vote is scheduled for mid-June, we sin­ Deputy Secretary of Defense. Support Christian Action House Church Members of the opposing view are: cerely hope that the Town Meeting wm be of the Little Falls Presbyterian Church; Dr. George Rathjens, Professor of Political the beginning of an 11th hour intense Spectrum, George Mason College; Science, M.I.T. round of discussions and hearings on this Virginia United Methodist Board of Chris­ Dr. Jeremy Stone, author, member of Coun­ most controversl..al and critical of issues. tian Social Concerns, and Washington Area cil, Federation of American Scientists. Sponsoring Groups: Langley Hills Friends SANE.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, June 3, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. H.R. 10016. An act to continue until the TRIBUTE TO THE LATE TRUMAN close of June 30, 1971, the existing suspen­ WARD, MAJORITY CLERK Rabbi Louis Kaplan, Congregation sion of duties for metal scrap. Ohev Shalom, Nether Providence, Pa., (Mr. MONTGOMERY asked and was offered the following prayer: The message also announced that the given permission to address the House Senate had passed bills and a joint reso­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend Lord: lution of the following titles, in which In commencing this session of the House his remarks.) of Representatives, the concurrence of the House is re­ Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I Begin we must by expressing gratitude quested. join with other Members of Congress and for being alive. s. 83. An act for the relief of certain civil­ congressional employees in mourning the Even as we have risen from sleep, ian employees and former civilian employees passing of the majority clerk of the of the Bureau of Reclamation; House of Representatives, Mr. Truman Rouse us, too, we pray from our shackles S. 275. An act for the relief of the village of yesterday- of Orleans, Vt.; Ward. Mr. Ward passed away this past The fetters of ignorance, resistance to S. 499. An act for the relief of Ludger J. Sunday. This fine gentleman was born worthwhile change, Cossette; and raised in Clarke County, Miss., the Yielding complacency, inertia, and other S. 728. An act for the relief of Capt. Rich­ district which I represent. He served the shortcomings. ard L. Schumaker, U.S. Army; Members of Congress with great devo­ s. 901. An act for the relief of William D. tion and loyalty. He held the position Aid us to attain a healthy discontent Pender; of either majority or minority clerk for Now concerning what we have done, as s. 1010. An act for the relief of Mrs. Aill some 48 years. Mr. Truman Ward as­ well asa Kallio; sumed his duties in 1921 at the age of 29. Determined and renewed enthusiasm for S. 1193. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to prevent terminations of In talking of his work on Capitol Hill. what we can do. oil and gas leases in cases where there is Mr. Ward recently pointed out there Joining high resolve with noble goals, a nominal deficiency in the rental payment, were no longer any Members of Congress Understanding with genuine compassion. and to authorize him to reinstate under still serving that were here when he first Spur these leaders, especially to translate some conditions oil and gas leases terminated came to work. We will all certainly miss by operation of law for failure to pay rental The Biblical challenge "to do righteous- timely; his warmness to people, his professional ness and justice" S. 1236. An act for the relief of Homer T. ability, and the outstanding service he Into legislation enabling more Williamson, Sr.; and rendered to his country. Children and adults, in this Nation and S.J. Res. 112. Joint resolution to amend sec­ I am sure all Members of Congress elsewhere, to tion 19 ( e) of the Securities Exchange Act of join with me in sending our sincere con­ Enjoy their "unalienable rights" in the 1934. dolances to Mr. Ward's wife, daughter. human family. three sons, and 12 grandchildren. Mem­ ELECTION TO COMMITTEE bers of Congress may pay their respects to Mr. Truman Ward's family at the THE JOURNAL Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, Joseph Gawler's Sons Funeral Home The Journal of the proceedings of I offer a privileged resolution (H. Res. from 2 this afternoon until 9 tonight. yesterday was read and approved. 431) and ask for its immediate consid­ The funeral will be held at 11 tomorrow eration. morning in the sanctuary of the Capitol The Clerk read the resolution as Hill Metropolitan Baptist Church. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT follows: Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, will H. RES. 431 A message in writing from the Presi­ the gentleman yield? Resolved, That Barry M. Goldwater, Jr., Mr. MONTGOMERY. I yield to my dent of the United States was communi­ of California., be and he is hereby elected a cated to the House by Mr. Leonard, one member of the standing committee of the ~olleague from Mississippi. · of his secretaries. House of Representatives on Science a.a.d Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, we Astronautics. were all saddened on learning that our good friend and valuable employee, Tru­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE The resolution was agreed to. man Ward, had passed away. A motion to reconsider was laid on A message from the Senate by Mr. Ar­ I had not been a Member of this body rington, one of its clerks, announced that the table. but for a day or so when I first became the Senate had passed without amend­ acquainted with Truman. In fact, he ment bills of the House of the following PERMISSION FOR SUBCOMMITTEE went to the trouble of making a personal titles: ON URBAN GROWTH, COMMITTEE visit to my office that we might get ac­ H.R. 684. An act to amend title 38 of the ON BANKING AND CURRENCY TO quainted. Then and there he made sug­ United States Code 1n order to make certain SIT TODAY DURING GENERAL gestions and g·ave me the benefit of coun­ technical corrections therein, and for other DEBATE sel which I as a new Member found most purposes; helpful. This was typical of Truman H.R. 2718. An act to extend for an addi­ Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Ward. He was unselfish. He was tender tionaJ temporary period the existing sus­ unanimous consent that the Subcom­ and kind. He was never too busy to ad­ pension of duties on certain classifications mittee on Urban Growth of the Com­ vise with me or other Members about the of yarn of silk; mittee on Banking and Currency may H.R. 2940. An act for the relief of Henry printing needs of our omces. He did a E. Dooley; have permission to sit during the session good job for all of us. H.R. 10015. An act to extend through De­ this afternoon during general debate. Truman was good to the employees, too. cember 31, 1970, the suspension of duty on The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Scores of them found their way to and electrodes for use in producing aluminum; is so ordered. secured employment on Capitol Hill and There was no objection. through his personal efforts. For all who