Peopling of the philippines pdf Continue Part of the series on the history of the Philippines Backstory (up to 900)Paleolithic age Awidon Mesa Formation Callao Limestone Formation of the Neolithic age of Callao and Tabon Peoples Arrival Negritos Austronesian enlargement Angono Petroglyphs Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens Jade Culture Iron Age Sa Huỳnh Cultural Society Of the Ancient Artifacts Balangay Graves goods Manunggul Jar prehistoric gems Sa Huỳnh-Kalanai complex Maitum anthropomorphic ceramics archaic era (900-1565)Historically documented city-state / state (by geography from north to south) Samta chief Caboloan Tondo Namayan Rajaante Minela Mai Maja-like Chief Taitai Rajaante Cebu Rajaante Butuan Sultanate Magindanao Lanao Confederation Sultanate Sultanate Sulu Legendary Suvarnapumi Chryse Ophir Tawalisi Al-Waqwak Sanfotsi zabagh Kingdom Ten Bornean Date Events / Artifacts Maragtas Laguna Copper Inscription Batanes Citadel Gold Tara Gold KinnarA Ticao Stone inscription Butuan Silver Paleographer of Buddhist art Brunei War Colonial Period (1565-1946)Spanish era Journey Ferdinand Magellan Battle of McTan Journey Miguel Lopez de Legazpi Spanish capture of Manila New Spain Captain Spanish East Indies Manila and the uprising of the Chinese invasion of the Spanish-Mor conflict Of Dutch invasions of the British invasion Propaganda movement 1872 Cavite mutiny La League Philippines Katipunan Cry Pugad Lowin Philippine Revolution Tejeros Convention of the Republic of Biak-on-Bato Spanish-American War Battle Manila Bay American takeover of Manila Declaration of Independence Malolos Congress First Republic of the Philippines American War American Colonial Period Tagal Republic Negros Republic of the Sambaanga Republic Moro Rise of the Island Government Jones Act Tyding s-McDuffie Commonwealth Act of the Japanese Occupation Fall of Bataan and Corregidor Second Republic Battle to liberate the Gulf of Leyte Philippines postcolonial period (1946-1986) Manila Treaty of the Third Republic Hukbalahap Uprising of the Philippine First Policy New Society - Fourth Republic CPP-NPA-NDF Rebellion Moro Conflict People Power Revolution Modern History (1986-present) 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo 1997 Asian financial crisis 1997 All of the War Against IFOM 2001 EDSA Revolution EDSA III Oakwood Rebellion Typhoon Yolanda Philippine War Drug Theme Ancient Religion Rulers List of the Spouses military-political communications Transport Of Filipino Americans Timeline Archaeology Philippines portalvte There have been several models of early human migration to the Philippines. Since H. Othley Beyer first proposed his theory of wave migration, many scientists have come to the question of how, when and why humans first arrived in the Philippines. Current scientific consensus From Taiwan model, which is broadly in line with genetic, archaeological and cultural evidence. Older theories Wave Migration Theory Beyer is the most widely known theory of prehistoric peopling Philippines that of H. Otley Beyer, founder of the Department of Anthropology of the University of the Philippines. Heading this department for 40 years, Professor Beyer became an unquestioning expert on The Philippine backstory, exerting early leadership in this field and influencing the first generation of Filipino historians and anthropologists, archaeologists, paleontologists, geologists and students around the world. According to Dr. Beyer, the ancestors of the Filipinos came in different migration waves: Dawn Man, a caveman-like man who looked like the Java Man, the Peking Man and another Asian Homo erectus 250,000 years ago. A group of indigenous pygmies, Negritos, which arrived between 25,000 and 30,000 years ago on land bridges. The maritime instrument uses an Indonesian group that arrived about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and were the first immigrants to reach the Philippines by sea. The navigators are more civilized Malays who brought Iron Age culture and were the real colonizers and dominant cultural group in the pre-Hispanic Philippines. There is no definite evidence, archaeological or historical, to support this theory of migration, and over time has made this more unlikely. The key issues of this theory are Beyer's dependence on the theories of progressive evolution and the migration diffusion of the 19th century, which, as has been shown in other contexts, are overly simplistic and unreliable, as well as his dependence on incomplete archaeological findings and speculations. His claims that the Malays were the original settlers of the guerscini and the dominant cultural transmitter now seem untenable, no further evidence has emerged in support of his Dawn Man, and improved bathymetric sensing has established that there was almost certainly no land bridge to Sundaland, although most of the islands were connected and could be accessible through the Mindoro Strait and Sibutu. Writing in 1994, Philippine historian William Scott concluded that it is likely that no anthropologist accepts the theory of waver-wave migration today. The German scientist who studied the Philippines, Fritjof Voss, even argued that the current sounds probably generously overestimate the previous situation, as the Philippines has steadily risen above the known geological history. The theory of the main population of the Sahul shelf and the probe shelf today. The area between them is called Wallace. A less rigid version of the earlier theory of wave migration is the theory of the main population, first proposed by anthropologist Felipe Landa Jocano of the University of the Philippines. This theory claims that there was no discrete waves of migration. Instead, he suggests offering South-East Asians were from the same ethnic group with a similar culture, but through a gradual process over time, environmental factors differed from each other. Jokano claims that the fossil evidence of ancient people indicates that they migrated not only to the Philippines, but also to New Guinea, Borneo and Australia. He says there is no way to determine if they were Negritos at all. However, what is certain is that there is evidence of the Togo Philippines being inhabited tens of thousands of years ago. In 1962, a skull cap and part of the jaw, presumably human, were found in the Tapon Cave in Palawan. Nearby charcoal from cooking was dated about 22,000 years ago. While Palawan was directly associated with Sundaland during the last Ice Age (and separated from the rest of the Philippines by the Mindoro Strait), still older remains of Callao Mana (circa 67,000 BC) were discovered in northern Luzon. Some argue that this could show a settlement in the Philippines earlier than in the Malay Peninsula. Jokano also believes that today's Filipinos are part of a long process of cultural evolution and movement of people. This applies not only to Filipinos, but also to Indonesians and Malays of Malaysia. No group of three is culturally or genetically dominant. Thus, Jocano says it is not right to attribute Philippine culture as Malay in orientation. According to Jokano's findings, the people of the prehistoric islands of southeast Asia had the same population as the combination of human evolution that occurred on the islands of southeast Asia about 1.9 million years ago. The evidence for this is fossil materials found in various parts of the region and the movements of others from mainland Asia in historical times. He states that these ancient people cannot be classified under any of the historically identified ethnic groups (Malays, Indonesians and Filipinos) of today. Other well-known anthropologists, such as Robert Bradford Fox, Alfredo E. Evangelista, Jesus Peralta, zevs A. Salazar and Ponciano L. Bennagen, agreed with Jocano. Some still preferred Beyer's theory as a more acceptable model, including anthropologist E. Arsenio Manuel. Contemporary theories Major articles: Austronesian peoples and Negrito Best-fit genomic proportions of the Austronesians mix in Southeast Asia and their bred population movements 12 Austronesian chronological map of the expansion of .13 Modern theories of peopling the islands of the Philippines are interpreted against the backdrop of the migrations of the wider Austronesian peoples. They include two main schools of thought, From Sundaland Models and Out of Taiwan models. Of the two, however, the most widely hypothesis hypothesis model behind Taiwan, which largely corresponds to linguistic, genetic, archaeological and cultural data. From Sundaland, the various hypotheses of From Sundaland put forward by a minority of contemporary authors and somewhat different in detail are similar to F. Landa Jokano's Basic Population hypothesis. However, instead of the Philippines, they assume the origin of the Austronesian peoples as the now sunken Sundaland land (modern Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula). These models have been criticized as relying only on the genetic data of mtDNA without taking into account the admixture of events, thus having results that mistakenly combine the much older Paleolithic Negrito population with the new Neolithic Austronesian peoples. Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network is a notable model among the Out of Sundaland hypothesis , The Naval Trade and Communication Network of Nusantao by Wilhelm Solheim II. He suggests that people with distant origins from 50,000 years ago in the area of modern coastal east Vietnam and southern China moved to the Bismarck Islands to the south and east of Mindanao and turned into Austronesian cultures. They are believed to have