Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in , District of Kuala , Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

CHAPTER 2: STATEMENT OF NEED

2.1 Introduction

This chapter provides the statement of need for the proposed expansion of the Sanitary Solid Waste Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of , Selangor Darul Ehsan, the reasons for the selection of the Project Site and how this could improve the current waste management practices in the area.

2.2 Justification of the Project Need

Worldwide, MSW generation has been increasing at a rate of 3 to 7% per year as a result of population growth, changes in consumption patterns, and the expansion industries especially in urban areas. Addition to that, the generation and composition of solid waste varies based on size/population and income level. Malaysian population has been in the increase at a rate of about 2.4% per annum due to industrialization, urban migration, affluence, population growth, tourism and significant influx of foreign workforce. Therefore, the growing population comes with increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), which requires proper waste management planning. As the solid waste generation increases in , it puts a pressure on and shortens the duration time of, the existing landfill. In Malaysia, the per-capita municipal solid waste generation varies from 0.8 to 1.5 kg per capita per day (kg/ca/day), depending on the economic status and activities of a particular area.

Based on the data by the National Solid Waste Management Department Malaysia (www.kpkt.gov.my/jpspn), the national solid waste generation rate has increased from 17,000 tonnes in 2006 in Peninsular Malaysia, to an estimation of 21,000 tonnes per day today, and this will increase to more than 30,000 tonnes per day by 2020 consequent upon the increasing population and per capita waste generation (National Strategic Plan for SWM, 2005). Modern lifestyles have led to more acute waste problems.

Convenience products generally require more packaging and improvident habits associated with greater affluence lead to greater quantities of waste, as demonstrated by discarded wrappings from most outlets. Modern day waste contains a higher proportion of non- degradable materials, such as plastic and household chemicals. Presently approximately

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95% of waste collected is taken to landfill sites for disposal with only a negligible portion of waste subject to intermediate treatment; the remaining waste is either sent for treatment at small incineration plants, diverted to recyclers/re-processors, or dumped illegally.

Based on Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG) (currently known as Ministry of Urban Wellbeings, Housing and Local Government (2010 statistic), there are total of 177 solid wastes disposal site (refer to Figure 2.1 and Table 2.1) in use and 114 dumpsite sites have been closed. There are 107 solid waste disposal sites are located in Peninsular Malaysia (SWcorp Malaysia, 2016)

Table 2.1: Number of Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Malaysia States Solid Wastes Disposal Solid Wastes Disposal Sites Sites In Operation Have Been Closed Johor 15 21 Kedah 10 5 Kelantan 13 4 Melaka 2 5 Negeri Sembilan 8 10 Pahang 19 13 Perak 18 11 Perlis 1 1 Pulau Pinang 2 1 Sabah 21 1 Sarawak 49 12 Selangor 8 12 Terengganu 9 11 Federal Territories 1 7 Total 177 114 Source: National Solid Waste Management Department. Year 2010 Statistic. (www.kpkt.gov.my) and SWCorp Malaysia, 2016 (www.swcorp.gov.my)

In addition, the sanitary landfill sites in Malaysia have been increased from the existing 8 sites in Year 2014 (refer to Figure 2.2) to current 17 sites which are listed below: 1. sanitary landfill in Selangor; 2. Jeram sanitary landfill, Selangor; 3. sanitary landfill, Selangor; 4. Kemuyang Sanitary Landfill, Sibu Sarawak (NREB Sarawak, June 2016); 5. Sibuti Sanitary Landfill, Miri Sarawak (NREB Sarawak, June 2016);

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6. Kuching Integrated Wastes Management Park (KIWMP), Sarawak (NREB Sarawak, June 2016); 7. Seelong sanitary landfill, Johor; 8. Tanjung Langsat sanitary landfill, Johor; 9. Bukit Payong Sanitary Landfill, Batu Pahat, Johor (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 10. Pagoh Sanitary Landfill, Muar, Johor (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 11. Pekan Nenas Sanitary Landfill, Pontian Johor (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 12. Pulau Burong sanitary landfill, Penang; 13. Sungai Udang sanitary Landfill, Malacca; 14. Belengu Sanitary Landfill, Temerloh, Pahang (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 15. Kg. Tertak Batu Sanitary Landfill, Marang Terengganu (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 16. Rimba Mas Sanitary Landfill, Kangar, Perlis (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 17. Teluk Mengkudu Sanitary Landfill, Manjung Perak (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015);

Many of these sites are almost full – about 50% of these sites could have a remaining lifespan of less than five years. Out of these 17 sanitary landfill sites, the 3 sites located in Negeri Selangor which are Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill, is to cater waste from Kuala Lumpur, whereas Tanjung Dua Belas Landfill and the existing Jeram Sanitary Landfill are to receive wastes from Selangor. More importantly, referring to the Draft Selangor Structure Plan 2035 (SSP 2035), which will replace the Selangor Structure Plan 2020 it has stated that, currently, Selangor state waste generation is 4,800 tonnes/day based on its 5.9 population and this is expected to increase to 7,200 tonnes/day by the year 2035. Nevertheless, 30% recycling rate is being targeted by the year 2035 (SSP 2035) and this will be implemented accordingly by all authorities.

Due to the position of State of Selangor in the Valley, this has given a role to the state for being a centre of development for the nation. Therefore, in SSP 2035, it clearly stated and highlighted the development strategy of Selangor will include its role in supporting and strengthening the economic development of Malaysia. For example, Selangor state is part of Greater Kuala Lumpur (Greater KL) as the centre for investment and high impact mega projects. Greater KL which is one of the 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) under our Economic Transformation Program (ETP).

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Figure 2.1: Landfill Sites in Peninsular Malaysia

Sources: National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management, JPSPN, 2005.

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Figure 2.2: Category of Solid Waste Landfill by State, 2014

Sources: KPKT Statistics 2014, Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government.

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Greater KL which is the catalyst of Malaysia’s economic growth comprises of 10 municipalities, each governed by local authorities. This includes Municipal Council (MPS), Municipal Council (MPAJ), Klang Municipal Council (MPK), Municipal Council (MBSJ), City Council (MBPJ), City Council (MBSA), Municipal Council (MPKj), Municipal Council (MPSp), Putrajaya City Council (PPj) and Kuala Lumpur City Council (DBKL) (Refer to Figure 2.3).

Out of ten municipalities, waste generated from six municipalities (MPK, MPSJ, MBPJ, MPS, MBSA and MPAJ which contribute 54.3% of Greater KL’s population, is sent to existing Jeram sanitary landfill. Therefore, it can be highlighted that, there is a crucial need to tackle expected increase of waste generated and disposed from these areas parallel to the economic and populations growth. Based on the amount of waste being disposed at Jeram sanitary landfill since 2009, it can be seen that waste disposed has been increased as stipulated in Table 2.2 and Figure 2.4 and will continue to increase in years to come is expected to reach 2400 ton/day by 2020. Nevertheless this is based on average of 20% yearly increment on waste being disposed to existing JSL without any intervention on waste minimization, 3R related activities and diversion of waste to other treatment alternatives (will be further elaborated under Section 2.3)

Figure 2.3: Ten (10) Municipalities under Greater KL

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Table 2.2: Trend of Total of Wastes Disposal in tonnes/day from Year 2009 - 2015

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

MBPJ 112528.5 124979.7 124121.5 45148.65 22834.85 57421.75 85135.86

MBSA 184324.9 170006.6 174678.9 67974.18 70040.82 105698.6 180635.6

MDKS 23841.25 21694.75 26737.08 27920.32 29922.81 34772.79 36090.55

MPAJ 67096.83 55316.6 37357.25 30086.31 14675.32 19453.23 27375.96

MPK 174695.3 174316.2 178280.6 198241.2 199056.4 194034.3 191816.5

MPSJ 125985.9 142417.1 150230 13396.21 1570.26 13775.14 17434.57

MPS 8696.77 7793.63 2093.76 3809.46

Total 688472.7 688730.9 691405.3 391463.6 345894.1 427249.5 542298.5

tons/day 1886 1887 1894 1072 948 1170 1486

(Source: Jeram Sanitary Landfill 2016)

Figure 2.4: Total Wastes Disposed at Jeram Sanitary Landill (tonnes)

(Source: Jeram Sanitary Landfill 2016)

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With the increased generation of municipal solid waste, the growing population and activities in the district of Shah Alam, Klang, Petaling and Kuala Selangor, coupled with the diminishing waste disposal capacity in the existing sanitary landfill facilities in Jeram, this has raised the urgency for expansion development of appropriate waste treatment and disposal facilities. It is, therefore, crucial that existing area of the Jeram Sanitary Landfill facilities to be expanded in order to cater for the growing population, expansion of the land use and development and its associated activities.

In line with this, Selangor State Government has proposed a new expansion of 130.55 acres sanitary landfill facility to be constructed next to the existing Jeram Sanitary Landfill to handle the ever increasing solid waste generated in this area. The proposed expansion landfill site has been approved by the Selangor State Government through their letter Ref:(40)PKNS/SUK/M/1.12 Jld.9 dated 24 March 2014 and 130.55 acres land acquisition has been be carried out by UPEN Selangor. The proposed expansion of the new Sanitary Solid Waste Landfill at Jeram shall have a daily capacity of 1,500 - 3,000 tonnes/day and is expected to provide municipal waste disposal services for the District of Shah Alam, Klang and Kuala Selangor for additional 9-10 years after the year 2017.

There are numerous environmental benefits associated with the proposed Sanitary Solid Waste Landfill, but one of the most significant is minimizing the impacts of landfill activites towards water bodies (from leachate), air (from landfill gas), soil (toxic and hazardous wastes) and human into our atmosphere and environment. WLSB is confident that the proposed construction and subsequent operations will contribute towards a sustainable solid waste management in Malaysia. Comprehensive and continuous monitoring programme coupled with sound engineering practices on air quality, groundwater and surface water will be undertaken to ensure that there will be minimal adverse effects to public health, aquatic species and the environment.

Apart from that, this proposed project will also able to improve and enhance the rate of recover material from waste aligned with Government of Malaysia’s recycling target of 22% by 2020. Through this proposed sanitary landfill approximately 10% or more of waste can be recycled. As it will be in line with one of the key points of the 10th Malaysia Plan (2011- 2015) to only provide sanitary landfills for waste solid disposal, this will also translate the Government’s commitment to reduce 40% of GHG by the year 2020 besides protecting the environment, safeguard public health and provide good quality of life to local population.

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2.3 Waste Sources, Characteristics And Composition

In the past, related solid waste management has been primarily focused only on the amount of solid waste generated and less attention given to its composition and characteristics. Quantity is seen more important than quality. But as the knowledge and awareness in solid waste management develop, waste composition has been identified to be important for an effective sustainable solid waste management. With that, solid waste composition and characterisation continues to be an important element in feasibilities studies of various approaches in disposal technologies including this proposed landfill.

As a result, identification of solid waste types, characterization and its generation quantity are critical in addressing overall design for a sustainable solid waste management in which this proposed extension of sanitary landfill is one of the important approaches in a sustainable solid waste management and complied with Best Available Technology option.

According to Lund 1993, the quantity and composition of the solid waste stream has direct impact on the technologies selected for its management and disposal. As a result, identification of solid waste types, characterization and its generation quantity are critical in addressing overall strategy for a sustainable solid waste management in which this proposed expansion of sanitary landfill in Mukim Jeram, Selangor is one of the important approaches in a sustainable solid waste management. Selangor State Government will also give commitment in waste minimization towards sustainable solid waste management (refer to State Commitment letter in Appendix 1).

2.4 General Information

2.4.1 Types of Waste

As per January 2016, total generation of solid wastes in Jeram Sanitary landfill is at 7.2 million tonnes whilst generation per day is approximately 2500 tonnes/day. Generally, solid waste receiving in Jeram Sanitary Landfill is mainly municipal waste or non-hazardous waste from the Districts of Klang, Shah Alam, Ampang and Kuala Selangor (PBT: MBPJ, MBSA, MDKS, MPAJ, MPK, MPSJ & MPS) [Refer to Table 2.2 and Figure 2:Trend and Total Waste Disposed at Jeram Sanitary Landill (tonnes) by the Local Authority].

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This waste stream includes:  Municipal/Household waste  Commercial waste  Industrial non-toxic waste  solid waste which may be prescribed from time to time [After Solid Waste and Public Cleaning Management Act 2007 (Act 672)]

This type of waste will not be discussed any further because of its specialized nature and has no direct impact to this proposed expansion. The non-hazardous wastes generated is further explained by identifying their sources and characteristics which are the key element in choosing and assessing this proposed project while looking at its associated environmental impacts.

2.4.2 Sources of Solid Wastes and Waste Acceptable Criteria

In general, Malaysian waste including waste generated from Selangor comprises of 50%- 70% organic waste, followed by paper and paper packaging, plastics, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous materials and textile. Main sources of the above mentioned waste in the Jeram Sanitary Landfill Selangor are:

Table 2.3: Type of Waste Source to the Jeram Sanitary Landfill Source of Waste Facilities or activities wastes Waste generated are generated Municipal/Household Settlements: bungalow, terraces, Food, paper and paper packaging, plastic, waste high-rise and apartments metals and hazardous household waste Commercial waste Shop-houses, restaurants, stalls, Food, paper and paper packaging, plastic night markets, hotels and metals Industrial Light and medium industries Mostly paper and paper packaging plastic waste and metals *Source: Worldwide Landfills Sdn. Bhd., 2016

Existing Jeram Sanitary Landfill does not accept clinical, chemical, ventinary, liquid, oils, medicine/ drugs, grease, acids, sludge, radioactive, solvents, resins, powders, paint electronic wastes or anything that is considered to be hazardous / toxic or defined as scheduled waste by the DOE. Meanwhile, sludge from the existing leachate treatment plant to be disposed to Jeram Sanitary Landfill and it has obtained approval from Department of Environment (DOE), ref: AS 91/110/619/130 Jilid 11(13) dated 3rd February 2010 (refer to Appendix 5) under Special Management of Wastes.

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2.4.3 Composition of Waste

The component of waste composition generated (% by mass) in Malaysia which also reflects the composition of waste generated in Selangor is as in Table 2.4.

The composition of waste generated in Malaysia as shown in the below table represents a typical trend of solid waste composition in developing countries. Based on the latest KPKT Selected Statistic 2015, food waste contributes the highest percentage recorded 44.5%, followed by plastic, recorded 13.2%, paper (8.5%), disposable diapers (12.1%), garden waste (5.8%), glass (3.3%), metals (2.7%), textiles (3.1%), tetra pak (1.6%), rubber (1.8%), leather goods (0.4%), wood (1.4%), household hazardous waste (1.3%) and others which is range 0.5%. The composition and generation of waste are likely to change and increase during festivals celebrations by different races in Malaysia and fruit seasons. Therefore it is important to understand that with the variety quality and quantity of waste, it could cause environmental and economical impacts when it is directly sent to landfill sites.

Table 2.4: Solid Waste Composition in Malaysia, 2012

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A study on municipal solid waste collected from various areas of Kuala Lumpur (refer to Table 2.5) indicates that its solid waste comprised of mostly food, organic wastes, paper and plastics (Kathirvale et al., 2003). The residential areas are the main contributors of organic waste, which was mainly food waste (30-54% of residential, 41% of commercial and 22% of institutional waste sources). Similar scenario is expected to happen in Selangor. By analysing the characteristics of waste, it would optimise the capability and suitability of the receiving point, in this case the proposed expansion of Jeram Sanitary landfill.

Table 2.5: Average Composition Percentage of MSW in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Source: Kathirvale et. al. (2003). Energy Potential from Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia, Renew. Ener., 29, 559, 2003.

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2.4.4 Waste Sources and Composition for Proposed Project Site

From current experience of existing Jeram Sanitary Landfill and based on projected planning, the sources of waste have not much changes. Nevertheless, the composition of waste is expected to change in years to come due to the provisions under Act 672 to separate waste at source and to reduce waste generation via reuse and recycle. Waste sent comprised of 40-50% food/organic waste, followed by plastics with 19%, paper (and paper packaging) 12%, and others including ferrous and non-ferrous materials and textile.

The composition of waste actually represent a typical trend of solid waste composition in the country where the generation of waste is likely to change and increase during festivals celebrations and fruit seasons for example. Nevertheless, based on the current landfill operation, these have been looked into for the improvement of this proposed landfill project.

As for waste characterization, as mentioned above, not much changes is expected from the waste characteristics, which will be almost similar to what have been sent to the current sanitary landfill. These characterizations as depicted in the table below.

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Table 2.6: Waste Composition and Characterization

As Generated As Disposed Min Ave Max StDev Min Ave Max StDev Food/Organic 16.17 30.32 39.35 9.73 20.41 28.56 34.74 5.41 Mix Paper 0.13 2.26 5.95 2.03 0.43 2.62 6.10 2.09 News Print 1.49 2.65 3.78 0.98 1.83 3.07 4.79 1.13 High Grade Paper 0.39 4.02 7.27 2.71 0.43 2.07 4.46 1.72 Corrugated Paper 1.20 6.44 12.22 3.93 1.56 3.30 6.23 1.56 Plastic (Rigid) 1.47 3.79 9.43 3.24 1.17 2.08 3.48 0.85 Plastic (Film) 11.69 17.80 26.65 6.20 13.19 15.86 18.37 1.92 Plastic (Foam) 0.95 3.41 11.15 3.64 0.31 0.68 1.53 0.40 Diapers 0.59 4.48 9.11 3.40 2.23 5.07 8.24 2.52 Textile 0.32 0.92 1.77 0.48 0.35 2.71 8.67 2.84 Rubber/Leather 0.16 1.14 4.37 1.81 0.24 2.71 5.25 1.64 Wood 0.78 1.33 1.88 0.78 0.11 1.63 3.87 1.34 Yard 0.47 5.89 12.58 4.52 0.95 9.95 25.15 7.91 Glass (Clear) 0.32 1.99 7.18 2.53 0.32 1.24 2.30 0.62 Glass (Coloured) 0.19 0.46 0.85 0.28 0.10 0.77 1.57 0.74 Ferrous 0.26 0.90 2.06 0.77 0.63 1.26 2.21 0.66 Non-Ferrous 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.00 Aluminium 0.26 0.51 0.79 0.22 0.07 0.52 1.04 0.40 Batteries/Hazards 0.44 0.92 1.39 0.67 0.07 0.88 1.40 0.60 Fine 0.25 1.90 3.04 0.91 0.27 1.85 3.33 1.05 Other Organic 2.72 11.96 15.79 4.37 7.44 14.38 28.53 8.21 Other In-Organic 6.31 0.00 6.31 0.00 Others 0.13 0.26 0.44 0.13 0.12 1.29 4.69 2.26

Sampling Moisture Loss 0.28 0.78 1.08 0.30 0.30 0.76 1.96 0.56 Transportation Moisture Loss 0.42 0.53 0.73 0.12 0.21 0.42 0.68 0.17 Oven Dry Moisture Loss 34.95 51.47 69.63 12.96 50.47 53.82 56.86 2.60 Residual Moisture Loss 2.71 3.10 3.59 0.30 Total Moisture Loss 36.58 52.78 71.36 13.13 55.44 58.11 60.87 2.53 Volatile Matter Content 29.38 32.71 36.05 2.33 Fixed Carbon Content 2.66 3.71 4.76 0.85 Ash Content 4.06 5.47 8.76 1.65

Carbon Content 43.00 49.58 57.10 5.74 Hydrogen Content 6.95 9.03 13.10 2.38 Oxygen Content 15.16 27.10 36.62 7.44 Nitrogen Content 0.67 1.21 1.74 0.41 Sulphur Content 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.03 Ash Content 9.19 13.02 19.65 3.53

Mercury 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 Nickel 1.00 4.86 13.60 4.47 Chromium 5.82 9.96 15.60 4.43 Manganese 25.70 301.44 1,820.00 669.90 Copper 12.70 51.03 204.00 68.04 Zinc 28.70 564.71 1,430.00 637.19 Lead 3.00 11.43 29.00 10.42

Bulk density 141.85 205.92 261.13 38.04

HHV 22,093.00 23,050.57 25,532.00 1,171.87 Reference: NADZRI BIN YAHAYA (2012). Solid Waste Management IN MALAYSIA: THE WAY FORWARD. National Solid Waste Management Department, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 19TH JULY 2012.

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2.4.5 Waste Classification

Municipal solid wastes disposed can be segregated accordingly to the types of waste, best being represented by Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Waste Classifications Waste Class Types Putrescible Food waste Paper Mixed paper Newsprint White paper Corrugated paper Magazine Plastics Plastic- film Plastic- hard Polystyrene Disposable diapers Glass Coloured glass Clear glass Metal Metal Tin Non-metal Aluminium can Other aluminium Organic Textile Rubber/leather Garden waste Other organic Others Hazardous waste Dust/sand Other non-organic

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2.4.6 Employment

As in any other construction and development, the proposed Project will definitely create employment opportunities will be created during the construction and operational stages of the Project. Most of these workers would come from new hires. A concerted attempt will be made by the Project Proponent to recruit eligible, qualified local residents to work for the Project. The local economy and income of local population will be improved if they are given the opportunity to participate. Increase of income is through small business, i.e., stalls to cater for the construction community daily needs.

2.4.7 Accessibility

Selection of site should take into account the accessibility for ease of transportation. The proposed landfill expansion area is considered very strategic as it is next to the existing Jeram Sanitary Landfill. The Project Site is accessible via the Federal Highway (FR2), joining towards the New North Klang Straits Bypass (E30) and then through town by Federal Route 5, turning into State Road (B1) to the Project Site. It can also be accessed via Jalan Hj. Manan from Meru through Jalan Acob Estate to the site

2.4.8 Landuse Compatibility

The existing landuse of the proposed landfill expansion area is basically an oil palm estate within Ladang Tuan Mee. There was no human settlement nor there any physical building on site, except for the Tuan Mee Estate Worker Quarters which is about 800meters away. This existing set up is deemed compatible with the Project’s operations as no immediate human environment will be duly affected with the development of the Project.

2.5 Development Policies and Project Justification

Inefficiency in solid waste management in developing countries is commonly caused by inefficient institutional arrangement of the municipal government. Top priority concern amongst the institutions is to create an interactive process on solid waste management issue, where waste is treated as a resource. The institutional involved are the Federal Government,

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State Government and Local Government where their roles are to provide the services and be closest to the public and stakeholders. A plan for better solid waste management services requires integration of the laws and regulations, service delivery arrangements and facilities provided. The solid waste management in Malaysia is the responsibility of the Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government (KPKT). As a regulatory body the National Solid Waste Management Department was established in 2007 under this ministry.

In order to adjust and improve the system for all local authorities, the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 was passed for the Peninsular Malaysia. With this law the responsibility shifts from local authorities to the National Solid Waste Management Department. Solid waste management is one element of the past 9th Malaysia plan that contains the national strategic plan for solid waste management from 2005. This plan implies the upgrading of existing unsanitary landfills, the construction of new sanitary landfills and the construction of transfer stations with material recovery facilities. For the year 2020 the national recycling rate aim is 22% [EPU 2006]. For the 10th Malaysia Plan solid waste management continues to be highlighted. The most important legislations and national plans related to solid waste management are:

 Environmental Quality Act 1974  Action Plan for Beautiful and Clean (ABC) Malaysia 1988  3rd Outline Perspective Plan (OPP3) for 2001-2010  National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste 2005  10th Malaysia Plan for 2011-2015  11th Malaysia Plan 2016-2020  National Waste Minimization Master Plan for 2006-2020  Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 (Act 672)  Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation Act 2007 (Act 673)

Apart from that, other Plans and Policies related to solid waste management in Malaysia shall also be discussed, e.g., the National Physical Plan 2 and Local Plan of Majlis Daerah Kuala Selangor.

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2.6 Current Development Policy

According to data by National Solid Waste Management Department Malaysia in 2005, the national solid waste generation rate in Peninsular Malaysia will increase from the estimation of 21,000 tonnes per day today to more than 30,000 tonnes per day by 2020 consequent upon the increasing population and per capita waste generation (National Strategic Plan for SWM, 2005). Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier, this projected figure in 2020 has been reached today. Based on this crucial figure, by implementing this Project, this will help to sustainably and safely dispose the increasing solid waste generation from the ever-growing population in Klang, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam and Kuala Selangor.

There is an existing Jeram Sanitary Landfill at the eastern region of the Proposed Project Site on 160 acres of land. However, it is estimated to reach its capacity in 2017 and an expansion is needed to cater waste generation within Petaling, Klang, Kuala Selangor and Shah Alam Districts. Hence, a 130.55 acres of land at Tuan Mee Estate has been identified by the Selangor State Government for the new proposed landfill expansion site. This sanitary landfill shall cater waste generated within the Klang, Petaling, Ampang and Kuala Selangor Districts.

Based on SSP 2035, the population of Selangor State will reach 9 million in 2035 with 2.0% average annual growth rate (AAGR). It can also be observed that, Petaling and are expected to reach saturated development and expected to have a slower growth and reduced size of population as depicted in Table 2.8.

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Table 2.8: Projected Selangor State Population 2010 - 2035 Based on District (in ‘000 population) District 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 AAGR (%) Sabak 105.8 119.2 137.6 167.6 207.8 225.0 3.0 Bernam *Kuala 209.6 236.2 268.3 304.7 340.8 369.0 2.3 Selangor Hulu 198.1 223.3 275.2 327.5 382.4 414.0 2.9 Selangor #Gombak 682.2 768.8 942.6 1,127.3 1,271.8 1,377.1 2.8 Hulu 1,156.6 1,303.4 1,4312.2 1,553.9 1,662.5 1,800.2 1.8 Langat *Petaling 1,812.6 2,042.8 2,091.7 2,201.3 2,335.8 2,529.2 1.3

*Klang 861.2 970.5 1,073.4 1,142.6 1,188.7 1,287.1 1.6

Kuala 224.6 253.2 323.4 373.2 423.9 459.0 2.9 Langat Sepang 211.4 238.2 337.2 418.9 498.7 540.0 3.8

Total 5,462.1 6,155.6 6,880.6 7,617.0 8,312.5 9,000.8 2.0

* Districts that sends waste to Jeram Sanitary Landfill # Part of the district that sends waste to Jeram Sanitary Landfill

Based on the projected population, waste estimated generation has been calculated based on an average of 1.0kg/person/day. (Refer to Table 2.9). This estimation is on the generation only and if waste reduction and minimization, recycling activities, composting, waste biomass conversion and other treatment are being implemented, it is expected that, only 40-60% of this waste will be sent to the landfill.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-19 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Table 2.9: Estimation of Waste Generation based on an average of 1.0kg/person/day 2010-2035 Based on District (in ‘000 population) District 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 AAGR (%) Kuala 209.6 236.2 268.3 304.7 340.8 369.0 2.3 Selangor Gombak 682.2 768.8 942.6 1,127.3 1,271.8 1,377.1 2.8 Petaling 1,812.6 2,042.8 2,091.7 2,201.3 2,335.8 2,529.2 1.3

Klang 861.2 970.5 1,073.4 1,142.6 1,188.7 1,287.1 1.6

Ton/day 3,565.6 4,018.3 4,376,0 4,775.9 5,137.1 5,562.4 [Source: Draf Rancangan Struktur Negeri Selangor 2035 (SSP 2035)]

These potential approaches have been stated in SSP 2035 which include providing recycling facilities at source, to set up recycling unit at each Local Authority, to enhance community engagement in 3R activities, to improve waste operation and enforcement and to improve current infrastructure and facilities to name a few. Below is component extracted from SSP 2035 related to waste management planning.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-20 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

(Source: Dasar-dasar Draf Rancangan Sturktur Negeri Selangor 2035, pp. 5-122)

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-21 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

(Source: Dasar-dasar Draf Rancangan Sturktur Negeri Selangor 2035, pp. 5-124)

2.6.1 Local Plan of Majlis Daerah Kuala Selangor (2025)

Based on the Local Plan Majlis Daerah Kuala Selangor (2025), the proposed Project Site is located within Planning Block BP7 - Jeram, and sub-block BPK 7.3 – Bukit Kuching – Simpang 3 Jeram that is designated for infrastructure & utility and industry as illustrated in Figure 2.5, Figure 2.6 and Figure 2.7. Although the part of Proposed Project Site is designated as industry and solid waste disposal areas could be established at the particular area under the conditions “existing waste disposal areas and expansion only” and the development must not pose any threat to the environment and compliment the main landuse. Thus, the proposed expansion of sanitary landfill project is compatible with the projected landuse of BPK 7.3 – Bukit Kuching – Simpang 3 Jeram.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-22 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Figure 2.5: Location of the Proposed Project Site within the Blok Perancangan 7 – Jeram

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-23 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Figure 2.6: Location of the Proposed Project Site within the BP 7: Jeram Infrastructure and Utility Area

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-24 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Figure 2.7: Location of the Proposed Project Site within the Blok Perancangan Kecil 7.3 – Bukit Kuching – Simpang 3 Jeram

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-25 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Table 2.10: Proposed Landuse Class of BPK 7.3 – Bukit Kuching – Simpang 3 Jeram

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-26 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

2.6.2 Future Landuse Designation, Year 2020 and 2025

The Council Local Plan has drawn the future land use (zoning) by year 2025. In terms of future development within the PB7: Jeram area, lists of physical developments have been proposed, i.e. development of industrial, commercial, housing, road network development, and etc. These proposed development components have been further detailed out as shown in Table 2.11 and Figure 2.8.

Table 2.11: Proposed Future Development within the PB7: Jeram DEVELOPMENT PROPOSED PROJECTs COMPONENT Housing area within urban limits of Housing Sasaran Town. Commercial centre at Sungai Buloh Sasaran Town Commercial Commercial centre at Kg. Bukit Kuching Small Industrial Zone of Sungai Sembilang Industrial Estate Small Industrial Zone of Sungai Janggut Small Industrial Zone of Jalan Abdullah Rural clinic at Kg. Bukit Kuching and Kg. Simpang Tiga Jeram Fire station at Sungai Buloh Sasaran Town Institution and Public Facilities Mosque at Kg. Tambak Jawa Mini library and public hall at Kg. Bukit Kuching Public hall at Kg. Bukit Kerayong Infrastructure and Utility Expansion of Jeram Sanitary Landfill West Coast Highway Road and Transportation Jalan Jeram – (proposed new road) Kg. Sungai Sembilang - Jeram State Road B104 Road and Transportation Jalan Keretapi Lama (proposed road upgrading) Jalan Klang – Kuala Selangor (FR5) Road and Transportation Jeram – Puncak Alam Interchange (proposed Kg. Sg. Sembilang Intersection interchange/i.section) Source: Kuala Selangor District Council Local Plan, 2025. Town & Country Planning Department, Selangor State (2014).

With this list of development proposals, it has further increased the built up areas from 2,352.79 hectares (2013) to 3,410.19 hectares by year 2025. It is dominated by housing area (8.84%), and followed by industry uses (4.79%), infrastructure and utility, and etc. as shown in Table 2.12.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-27 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Figure 2.8: Future Land Use (Zoning) Distribution of PB7: Jeram, Year 2025.

Proposed Expansion Site

KLANG DISTRICT

Source: Kuala Selangor District Council Local Plan, 2025. Town & Country Planning Department, Selangor State (2014).

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-28 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Table 2.12: Future Land Use (Zoning) Distribution of PB7: Jeram, Year 2025 LAND USE HECTARE (ha.) % Built Up Areas 3,410.19 23.54 Housing 1,279.98 8.84 Commercial 43.25 0.30 Industrial 682.35 4.71 Institution and Public Facilities 172.73 1.19 Open Space & Recreational 120.67 0.83 Infrastructure and Utility 124.96 0.86 Road and Transportation 986.25 6.81 Non-Built Up Areas 11,069.81 76.44 Agriculture 10,832.70 74.81 Aquaculture & Livestock 13.43 0.09 Forested Area 65.55 0.45 Beach 127.82 0.88 Water Bodies 30.31 0.21 TOTAL 14,480.00 100.00 Source: Kuala Selangor District Council Local Plan, 2025. Town & Country Planning Department, Selangor State (2014).

Meanwhile, the town in PB7: Jeram was identified in a few settlements hierarchy to support the economy development of Kuala Selangor District and to serve the local communities, i.e.:  Puncak Alam–Saujana Utama Town (about 8km from the northeast of proposed site boundary): State Sub-Regional Centers – functioning as administrative and commercial center for Kuala Selangor District.  Sungai Buloh Sasaran Town (about 10km from northwest of proposed site boundary): Minor Settlement Centers – to support urban development of Kuala Selangor Town as administrative and commercial center for Selangor State.  Kg. Bukit Kuching (about 9.5km from the northern) and Kg. Jeram (about 6.5km from the northeast of proposed site boundary): Rural Settlement Centers – to serve surrounding villages in terms of commercial, institutional and public facilities to enhance local communities’ quality of life.

In addition, Klang Municipal Local Plan has also drawn the future land use (zoning) for Klang District by year 2020. For the bordering areas between Klang – Kuala Selangor District,

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-29 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Newbury Estate and Acob Estate which are located at south-eastern of proposed project site (Klang District), which is about 750 meter to 4 kilometer circumference was zoned for open space & recreational, and housing development, whilst southern region of proposed project site (Klang District) will remain for agriculture development – oil palm plantation, i.e., Brafferton Estate and Sungai Serdang Estate (Figure 2.9).

2.6.3 Future Land Use Planning within the Proposed Expansion Site

Referring to the Kuala Selangor District Council Local Plan 2025, part of the project site was planned for expansion of the Jeram Sanitary Landfill, while other part of the site is planned for industrial development. As part of this proposal, list of project components or programmes have been drawn in Local Plan, such as landfill level 4, leachate treatment plant, continuous effluent monitoring system, seepage control, 500 meter buffer zone from the nearest human settlements and application of Best Available Technology (BAT). Hence, the proposed project is in-line with the Kuala Selangor District Council Local Plan 2025.

Meanwhile, surrounding the proposed expansion site is zoned for industrial development, i.e. currently Tuan Mee Estate (oil palm plantation). For the purpose of managing and as guidance for future land use development, a Use Class Order has been drawn. According to the order, the development of sanitary landfill is allowed with condition, i.e. allowed on existing site and the proposed landfill expansion site. In addition, the development is subject to Guidelines for Siting and Zoning of Industry and Residential Areas (2012) by the Department of Environment.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-30 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01)

Figure 2.9: Future Land Use (Zoning) for Proposed Expansion Site of Jeram Sanitary Landfill and Zone of Impact (ZOI).

Source: Kuala Selangor District Council Local Plan, 2025, and Klang Municipal Local Plan 2020.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-31 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01).

2.6.4 Selangor Structure Plan 2020 and Draft Selangor Structure Plan 2035

The proposed development compliments the Selangor Structure Plan 2020 where this area is allocated for sanitary landfill development which adheres to the policies below:  FZ 57 – Local authorities have to implement sustainable and integrated solid waste management.  FZ 58 – All districts should be provided with adequate and appropriate capacity of solid waste management facility to cater for the district demand.  RFN 37 – All settlement should be provided with an integrated solid waste disposal network or equipped with recovery facility.

While development of the project site itself compliments with the Selangor Structure Plan 2020, where currently State of Selangor is having a shortage of sanitary landfill site. In addition, the nearest surrounding settlements are located more than 500m radius away from the Project Site and there are also no Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESAs) within its 500m proximity.

2.6.5 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020)

In line with its goal for building an environment that enhances quality of life, the Government is committed to ensuring a high quality of life in urban and rural areas in line with Malaysia’s aspiration to become a developed nation. Waste has been identified as one of the challenges that should be looked into resulted from new challenges and opportunities: a rapidly urbanising population with rising expectations, changing demographics and a world confronting the effects of climate change. To address these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities, it will require significant shifts in policies and practices. Malaysia will not only need to continue to expand coverage of services, but also raise the quality of these services. In a tight fiscal environment, the provision of these services must be done in an efficient and cost effective manner to extract greater value for each ringgit spent. One of the strategies in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan focuses on Managing Waste Holistically.

All seven types of waste - solid, agricultural, construction, radioactive, mining, sewage, and scheduled waste - will be managed in a holistic manner based on a life cycle approach. This approach extends beyond merely disposing the waste, rather it aims to increase recycling and recovery rate of waste and improve management of landfills to reduce the amount of waste and pollution. The National Solid Waste Management Department and the Solid

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-32 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01).

Waste Management and Public Cleansing Corporation (SWCorp) will spearhead these initiatives, together with other relevant agencies such as the Atomic Energy Licensing Board, Department of Agriculture, DOE, Minerals and Geoscience Department, and Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN)

Increasing coordination on waste management A waste management platform that meets regularly to coordinate matters on sustainable and holistic waste management will be established. Waste management is currently implemented independently by relevant agencies such as the DOE, SPAN and SWCorp as per their respective jurisdictions. This creates a gap in waste management, which will be addressed effectively through the establishment of a mechanism to provide oversight and perform tasks in a more integrated and coordinated manner.

Encouraging reuse, reduce and recycle (3R) The Government has set a goal of 22% household recycling rate by 2020. Waste reuse, reduction, and recycling is a long-term goal. Achieving it involves changing mindsets and behaviour while phasing in systems that enable better management of waste. Investments in 3R awareness and education programmes therefore need to continue during the Eleventh Plan to shape better consumption and waste disposal behaviour. Concurrently, implementation of waste separation at source can help achieve recycling outcomes. Waste separation at source for households will be implemented in selected states starting September 2015 and rolled out to other states subsequently during the Eleventh Plan.

Increasing investment in waste as a resource Using waste as a resource gives it economic value, thus diverting it away from landfills towards more productive use. Apart from addressing the issues of waste disposals and landfills, investing in waste recycling and recovery will also reduce dependency of industries on natural resources, as waste becomes a valuable resource –either converted to energy (e.g. biomass and food waste for power generation) or used as an input for other products. These initiatives will be private sector driven to ensure long-term financial viability of such projects and so that industries see the value of waste as a source of energy or inputs for their processes.

In making this a reality, the design of our proposed landfill not only can meet the minimization of impact from leachate but also its methane gas emission. This is hope to reduce our target on carbon intensity per GDP reduction by 40% in 2020.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-33 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01).

2.6.6 Environmental Quality Act 1974

An Act enacted for the prevention, abatement and control of environment pollution and to enhance general quality of the environment. For the proposed of this project, EQA for leachate discharge, Second Schedule of the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill Regulations, 2009) prescribed by DoE, Malaysia is used for Level 4 landfill design as proposed.

2.6.7 Action Plan for Beautiful and Clean (ABC) Malaysia 1988

The plan was initiated in June 1988 by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government as a national policy on MSW management. The objective of this “ABC Plan” is to establish uniform, cost-effective, environmentally sound and socially accepted MSW system by the year 2010. The ABC Plan consists of twelve sector programmes each with specific objectives and goals towards a systematic development of solid waste management. Municipal councils are encouraged to draw up solid waste management strategies. Therefore this project proposal can be seen in line with the ABC Plan.

2.6.8 National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste 2005

The Strategic Plan which acts as a guide in planning and allocating resources based on national priorities and consensus. It outlines that one of the strategies to develop a solid waste management on provision of sustainable technologies in managing solid waste is to adopt sanitary landfills. Therefore, our proposed sanitary landfill will able to meet the strategy in contributing a sustainable solid waste management practices.

2.6.9 National Waste Minimization Master Plan for 2006-2020

As a result of rapid urbanisation, problems of increasing waste management cost and securing landfill sites have arisen in the country. The ultimate vision of this Plan is:

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-34 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01).

“To realise a Material Cycle Society, where waste minimisation activities are systemised and sufficiently enrooted in the behaviour of government, private sector, and the people in Malaysia”.

To realise such a society, it is of great necessity to reduce waste generation at source, to minimise the amount of waste disposed at landfills and to maximise the efficiency of resource utilisation. With our proposed landfill technology, any form of discharges from the sanitary landfill is expected to be minimized, therefore in the other hand, this contributes to this waste minimization master Plan.

2.6.10 Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 (Act 672)

This is an Act which provides and regulates the management of solid waste. Mentioned in the Part III of the Act that, any construction or alterations of prescribed solid waste management facilities should not affect the performance of the solid waste management facilities, cause adverse environmental impact; impede the quality and level of solid waste management services, adversely affect public health; or affect the overall planning of solid waste management services. Taking this into consideration, this proposed Level 4 landfill technology is hoped to fulfil the requirements mentioned in this Act.

2.6.11 Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation Act 2007 (Act 673)

This Act provides the establishment of the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation with powers to administer and enforce the solid waste and public cleansing management laws whereby one of its function is to monitor compliance with standards, specifications and codes of practice relating to any aspect of solid waste management services and public cleansing management services set by the Federal Government. Therefore, our proposed landfill design shall, where possible, adhere to all standard requirements.

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