Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01) CHAPTER 2: STATEMENT OF NEED 2.1 Introduction This chapter provides the statement of need for the proposed expansion of the Sanitary Solid Waste Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan, the reasons for the selection of the Project Site and how this could improve the current waste management practices in the area. 2.2 Justification of the Project Need Worldwide, MSW generation has been increasing at a rate of 3 to 7% per year as a result of population growth, changes in consumption patterns, and the expansion industries especially in urban areas. Addition to that, the generation and composition of solid waste varies based on size/population and income level. Malaysian population has been in the increase at a rate of about 2.4% per annum due to industrialization, urban migration, affluence, population growth, tourism and significant influx of foreign workforce. Therefore, the growing population comes with increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), which requires proper waste management planning. As the solid waste generation increases in Malaysia, it puts a pressure on and shortens the duration time of, the existing landfill. In Malaysia, the per-capita municipal solid waste generation varies from 0.8 to 1.5 kg per capita per day (kg/ca/day), depending on the economic status and activities of a particular area. Based on the data by the National Solid Waste Management Department Malaysia (www.kpkt.gov.my/jpspn), the national solid waste generation rate has increased from 17,000 tonnes in 2006 in Peninsular Malaysia, to an estimation of 21,000 tonnes per day today, and this will increase to more than 30,000 tonnes per day by 2020 consequent upon the increasing population and per capita waste generation (National Strategic Plan for SWM, 2005). Modern lifestyles have led to more acute waste problems. Convenience products generally require more packaging and improvident habits associated with greater affluence lead to greater quantities of waste, as demonstrated by discarded wrappings from most outlets. Modern day waste contains a higher proportion of non- degradable materials, such as plastic and household chemicals. Presently approximately EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-1 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01) 95% of waste collected is taken to landfill sites for disposal with only a negligible portion of waste subject to intermediate treatment; the remaining waste is either sent for treatment at small incineration plants, diverted to recyclers/re-processors, or dumped illegally. Based on Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG) (currently known as Ministry of Urban Wellbeings, Housing and Local Government (2010 statistic), there are total of 177 solid wastes disposal site (refer to Figure 2.1 and Table 2.1) in use and 114 dumpsite sites have been closed. There are 107 solid waste disposal sites are located in Peninsular Malaysia (SWcorp Malaysia, 2016) Table 2.1: Number of Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Malaysia States Solid Wastes Disposal Solid Wastes Disposal Sites Sites In Operation Have Been Closed Johor 15 21 Kedah 10 5 Kelantan 13 4 Melaka 2 5 Negeri Sembilan 8 10 Pahang 19 13 Perak 18 11 Perlis 1 1 Pulau Pinang 2 1 Sabah 21 1 Sarawak 49 12 Selangor 8 12 Terengganu 9 11 Federal Territories 1 7 Total 177 114 Source: National Solid Waste Management Department. Year 2010 Statistic. (www.kpkt.gov.my) and SWCorp Malaysia, 2016 (www.swcorp.gov.my) In addition, the sanitary landfill sites in Malaysia have been increased from the existing 8 sites in Year 2014 (refer to Figure 2.2) to current 17 sites which are listed below: 1. Bukit Tagar sanitary landfill in Selangor; 2. Jeram sanitary landfill, Selangor; 3. Tanjung Dua Belas sanitary landfill, Selangor; 4. Kemuyang Sanitary Landfill, Sibu Sarawak (NREB Sarawak, June 2016); 5. Sibuti Sanitary Landfill, Miri Sarawak (NREB Sarawak, June 2016); EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-2 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01) 6. Kuching Integrated Wastes Management Park (KIWMP), Sarawak (NREB Sarawak, June 2016); 7. Seelong sanitary landfill, Johor; 8. Tanjung Langsat sanitary landfill, Johor; 9. Bukit Payong Sanitary Landfill, Batu Pahat, Johor (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 10. Pagoh Sanitary Landfill, Muar, Johor (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 11. Pekan Nenas Sanitary Landfill, Pontian Johor (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 12. Pulau Burong sanitary landfill, Penang; 13. Sungai Udang sanitary Landfill, Malacca; 14. Belengu Sanitary Landfill, Temerloh, Pahang (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 15. Kg. Tertak Batu Sanitary Landfill, Marang Terengganu (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 16. Rimba Mas Sanitary Landfill, Kangar, Perlis (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); 17. Teluk Mengkudu Sanitary Landfill, Manjung Perak (new sanitary landfill, JPSPN 2015); Many of these sites are almost full – about 50% of these sites could have a remaining lifespan of less than five years. Out of these 17 sanitary landfill sites, the 3 sites located in Negeri Selangor which are Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill, is to cater waste from Kuala Lumpur, whereas Tanjung Dua Belas Landfill and the existing Jeram Sanitary Landfill are to receive wastes from Selangor. More importantly, referring to the Draft Selangor Structure Plan 2035 (SSP 2035), which will replace the Selangor Structure Plan 2020 it has stated that, currently, Selangor state waste generation is 4,800 tonnes/day based on its 5.9 population and this is expected to increase to 7,200 tonnes/day by the year 2035. Nevertheless, 30% recycling rate is being targeted by the year 2035 (SSP 2035) and this will be implemented accordingly by all authorities. Due to the position of State of Selangor in the Klang Valley, this has given a role to the state for being a centre of development for the nation. Therefore, in SSP 2035, it clearly stated and highlighted the development strategy of Selangor will include its role in supporting and strengthening the economic development of Malaysia. For example, Selangor state is part of Greater Kuala Lumpur (Greater KL) as the centre for investment and high impact mega projects. Greater KL which is one of the 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) under our Economic Transformation Program (ETP). EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-3 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01) Figure 2.1: Landfill Sites in Peninsular Malaysia Sources: National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management, JPSPN, 2005. EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-4 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01) Figure 2.2: Category of Solid Waste Landfill by State, 2014 Sources: KPKT Statistics 2014, Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government. EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-5 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01) Greater KL which is the catalyst of Malaysia’s economic growth comprises of 10 municipalities, each governed by local authorities. This includes Selayang Municipal Council (MPS), Ampang Jaya Municipal Council (MPAJ), Klang Municipal Council (MPK), Subang Jaya Municipal Council (MBSJ), Petaling Jaya City Council (MBPJ), Shah Alam City Council (MBSA), Kajang Municipal Council (MPKj), Sepang Municipal Council (MPSp), Putrajaya City Council (PPj) and Kuala Lumpur City Council (DBKL) (Refer to Figure 2.3). Out of ten municipalities, waste generated from six municipalities (MPK, MPSJ, MBPJ, MPS, MBSA and MPAJ which contribute 54.3% of Greater KL’s population, is sent to existing Jeram sanitary landfill. Therefore, it can be highlighted that, there is a crucial need to tackle expected increase of waste generated and disposed from these areas parallel to the economic and populations growth. Based on the amount of waste being disposed at Jeram sanitary landfill since 2009, it can be seen that waste disposed has been increased as stipulated in Table 2.2 and Figure 2.4 and will continue to increase in years to come is expected to reach 2400 ton/day by 2020. Nevertheless this is based on average of 20% yearly increment on waste being disposed to existing JSL without any intervention on waste minimization, 3R related activities and diversion of waste to other treatment alternatives (will be further elaborated under Section 2.3) Figure 2.3: Ten (10) Municipalities under Greater KL EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 2-6 Detailed EIA for the Proposed Expansion of 130.55 Acres Sanitary Landfill in Mukim Jeram, District of Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan (Rev.01) Table 2.2: Trend of Total of Wastes Disposal in tonnes/day from Year 2009 - 2015 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 MBPJ 112528.5 124979.7 124121.5 45148.65 22834.85 57421.75 85135.86 MBSA 184324.9 170006.6 174678.9 67974.18 70040.82 105698.6 180635.6 MDKS 23841.25 21694.75 26737.08 27920.32 29922.81 34772.79 36090.55 MPAJ 67096.83 55316.6 37357.25 30086.31 14675.32 19453.23 27375.96 MPK 174695.3 174316.2 178280.6 198241.2 199056.4 194034.3 191816.5 MPSJ 125985.9 142417.1 150230 13396.21 1570.26 13775.14 17434.57 MPS 8696.77 7793.63 2093.76 3809.46 Total 688472.7 688730.9 691405.3 391463.6 345894.1 427249.5 542298.5 tons/day 1886 1887 1894 1072 948 1170 1486 (Source: Jeram Sanitary Landfill 2016) Figure 2.4: Total Wastes Disposed at Jeram Sanitary Landill (tonnes) (Source: Jeram Sanitary Landfill 2016) EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN.