DOI: 10.2478/som-1993-0006 sommerfeltia 20 G. Mathiassen Corticolous and lignicolous Pyrenomycetes s.lat. (Ascomycetes) on Salixalong a mid-Scandinavian transect 1993 sommerf~ is owned and edited by the Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo. SOMMERFELTIA is named in honour of the eminent Norwegian botanist and clergyman S0ren Christian Sommerfelt (1794-1838). The generic name Sommerfeltia has been used in (1) the lichens by Florke 1827, now Solorina, (2) Fabaceae by Schumacher 1827, now Drepanocarpus, and (3) Asteraceae by Lessing 1832, nom. cons. SOMMERFELTIA is a series of monographs in plant taxonomy, phytogeography, phyto­ sociology, plant ecology, plant morphology, and evolutionary botany. Most papers are by Norwegian authors. Authors not on the staff of the Botanical Garden and Museum in Oslo pay a page charge of NOK 30. SOMMERFEL TIA appears at irregular intervals, normally one article per volume. Editor: Rune Halvorsen 0kland. Editorial Board: Scientific staff of the Botanical Garden and Museum. Address: SOMMERFELTIA, Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Trond­ heimsveien 23B, N-0562 Oslo 5, Norway. Order: On a standing order (payment on receipt of each volume) SOMMERFELTIA is supplied at 30 % discount. Separate volumes are supplied at prices given on pages inserted at the end of the volume. sommerfeltia 20 G. Mathiassen Corticolous and lignicolous Pyrenomycetes s.lat. (Ascomycetes) on Sa/ix along a mid-Scandinavian transect 1993 This thesis is dedicated to Lennart Holm, Ola Skifte and Finn-Egil Eckblad, three septuagenerian, Nordic mycologists, who have all contributed significantly to its completion. ISBN 82-7420-022-5 ISSN 0800-6865 Mathiassen G. 1993. Corticolous and lignicolous Pyrenomycetes s. lat. (Ascomycetes) on Salix along a mid-Scandinavian transect. - Sommerfeltia 20: 1-180. Oslo. ISBN 82-7420-022-5. ISSN 0800-6865. The pyrenomycete flora on Salix is examined along a mid-Scandinavian transect. A restricted number of Salix species and a fixed number of host individuals are examined in each of the vegetation regions in central Norway, and in two vegetation regions in north-central Sweden. This investigation addressed the unsolved problems listed in my previous study (Mathiassen 1989) and the same 29 taxa are treated. The following new species are described: Amphisphaerella erikssonii G. Mathiassen, G/yphium grisonense G. Mathiassen, Keissleriella holmiorum G. Mathiassen, Leptosphaeria to/lens G. Mathiassen, and Saccardoella kanderana G. Mathiassen. The type material has been examined for all 29 species mentioned in the study, except Bertia moriformis var. moriformis. A dichotomous key is followed by reviews of the species in alphabetical order. A systematic survey of the investigated taxa is also given. In addition to comments on taxonomy, ecology and distribution for the different pyrenomycete species, substrate ecology and host specificity are discussed. Statistical treatment of spore measurement data form the basis for a discussion of geographical variation. Multivariate techniques (ordination) are used to investigate the relative importance of geographic (including climatic) factors and the substrate tree. Keywords: Ascomycetes, Distribution, Ecology, Ordination, Pyrenomycetes, Salix, Scandinavia, Taxonomy. Geir Mathiassen, Troms</J Museum, University of Troms</J, Lars Th</Jringsvei 10, N-9006 Troms(j), Norway. 4 SOMMERFELTIA 20 (1993) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 7 THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION 7 HISTORY 8 THE INVESTIGATION AREA . 10 SITUATION AND EXTENT 10 CLIMATE 11 VEGETATION REGIONS 13 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 15 MATERIALS 15 METHODS 18 Choice of Salix species 18 Ecology and distribution of the investigated Salix species 18 Classification of substrates 19 Classification of parasites and saprophytes 19 Field methods 19 Data sets 20 Laboratory methods and techniques 20 Statistical methods 21 Relationships between tree number and number of pyrenomycete species 21 Variation in spore and ascal characteristics 21 Ordination 22 Explanatory variables 22 Interpretation 22 Systematic classification 22 Nomenclature 23 Abbreviations and legends 23 RESULTS .................................................... 25 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TREE NUMBER AND NUMBER OF PYRENOMYCETE SPECIES 25 SUBSTRATE ECOLOGY AND HOST SPECIFICITY 25 Distribution of substrates 25 Distribution of pyrenomycetes on hosts 26 Distribution of pyrenomycetes on substrates 29 Parasites and saprophytes 32 DISTRIBUTION 32 ORDINATION 33 Ordination of trees 33 The species ordination 40 SOMMERFELTIA 20 (1993) 5 MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION 40 DISCUSSION 49 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TREE NUMBER AND NUMBER OF PYRENOMYCETE SPECIES 49 SUBSTRATE ECOLOGY AND HOST SPECIFICITY 49 Distribution of pyrenomycetes on hosts 49 Distribution of pyrenomycetes on substrates 51 Parasites and saprophytes 52 DISTRIBUTION 53 ORDINATION 54 MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION 55 TAXONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 56 H erpotrichiellaceae 56 Lophiostomataceae 56 Xylariaceae 58 TAXONOMY 60 KEY TO THE SPECIES 60 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES 62 Amphisphaerella erikssonii G. Mathiassen sp. nov. 62 Anthostomella melanotes (Berk. & Br.) Martin 65 Arthopyrenia lapponina Anzi 68 Bertia moriformis (Tode : Fr.) De Not. var. moriformis 72 Capronia collapsa (Mathiassen) Barr 74 C apronia nigerrima (Bloxam ex Currey) Barr 78 Cryptodiaporthe salicella (Fr.) Petr. 78 Cryptosphaeria subcutanea (Wahl. : Fr.) Rappaz 80 Diatrype bullata (Hoffm. : Fr.) Fr. 83 Enchnoa infernalis (G. Kunze : Fr.) Fuckel 88 Glyphium grisonense G. Mathiassen sp. nov. 89 Hypoxylon macrosporum Karst. 91 Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahl.) Karst. 96 Hysterographium elongatum (Wahl.) Corda 101 Keissleriella holmiorum G. Mathiassen sp. nov. 105 Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops (Berk. & Curtis) D. Hawksw. 111 Leptosphaeria tollens G. Mathiassen sp. nov. 111 Lophiostoma compressum (Pers. : Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 116 Lophiostoma curtum (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 120 Lophiostoma macrostomoides (De Not.) Ces. & De Not. 123 Lophiostoma quadrinucleatum Karst. 126 Lophiotrema boreale Mathiassen 129 Lophiotrema nucula (Fr.) Sacc. 131 Melanomma fuscidulum Sacc. 135 Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Pers. : Fr.) Fuckel 137 Melanopsamma pomiformis (Pers. : Fr.) Sacc. 141 Rebentischia cf. massalongii (Mont.) Sacc. 144 6 SOMMERFELTIA 20 (1993) Rhynchostoma minutum Karst. 147 Saccardoella kanderana G. Mathiassen sp. nov. 150 SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF THE INVESTIGATED TAXA 154 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................... 157 REFERENCES ................................................ 158 APPENDIX ................................................... 168 APPENDIX I. SUPPLEMENT TO SOMMERFELTIA 9: 1989. MATERIAL EXAMINED 168 SOMMERFELTIA 20 (1993) 7 INTRODUCTION THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION It is, of course, impossible to cover all the Norwegian and Swedish pyrenomycetes in a single investigation, and a review of the pyrenomycete flora must therefore be restricted taxonomically or geographically. I agree with Eriksson (1967a) that an ecological study of groups of species is especially worthwhile. Mathiassen ( 1989) gave several reasons for restricting his investigation to Salix, and to a rather small geographical area. The present investigation deviates from the above mentioned investigation (Mathiassen 1989) in some important features: (1) only a restricted number of Salix species, and a fixed number of host individuals were examined in each of the vegetation regions, (2) the material was collected systematically, and thus suited for statistical testing, (3) the investigation area (see Fig. 1) was situated about 450-650 km further south, and included an additional vegetation region (southern boreal), and (4) the investigation area was considerably wider in the NW-SE direction, with a more pronounced variation in climatic oceanicity (cf. Figs 1, 9). This investigation addresses the unsolved problems listed by Mathiassen ( 1989) and the same 29 taxa are treated. This restriction in number was a necessity for a meaningful comparison of the results from the two investigations. Among such problems were nomenclature, taxonomy, substrate ecology, host specificity, distribution and morphological (geographical) variation, with the latter as a very interesting problem. The spores in the material from Troms often turned out to be larger than those described in literature. This was especially the case for Amphisphaerella cf. xylostei (Pers. : Fr.) Munk, Anthostomella melanotes (Berk. & Br.) Martin, Glyphium cf. schizosporum (Maire) Zogg, Keissleriella cf. cladophila (Niessl) Corbaz, Leptosphaeria hendersoniae (Fuckel) Holm and M elanomma fuscidulum Sacc. The tendency of increasing spore sizes towards arctic areas (compared with temperate regions) was noticeable according to Savile (1963), with the temperature as the most important factor (see also Mathiassen 1989: 22). One aim of this study was to investigate a possible decrease in spore size from Troms to central Scandinavia. If the above mentioned differences were due to geographical variation, spore size should be constantly smaller in the southern boreal region (SB-Norway) than in Troms. Other aims of this study were to get a better understanding of the different species distribution and frequencies in Scandinavia, to examine the above mentioned "cf." species more carefully, to investigate whether other Salix species would replace S. myrsinifolia agg. as the main host in central Scandinavia, and to investigate whether the different trends on substrate ecology, and parasites and saprophytes were incidental or not. The investigation is thus restricted