Mathematics in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire
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PETZVAL's LENS and CAMERA by Rudolf Kingslake
PETZVAL'S LENS AND CAMERA by Rudolf Kingslake Joseph Max Petzval was born on January 6, 1807, in Hungary of German parentage; he died 84 years later in September 1891. Being a member of the mathematics faculty of the University of Vienna, he naturally approached the problem of lens design from a mathematical rather than from an empir ical standpoint, which probably accounted in part for his suc cess. He actually designed two lenses in 1839, the Portrait lens which he immediately commissioned P. F. von Voigtlander to make, and the Orthoscopic lens which was not manufactured T THE OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT of the Daguerreotype until 1856. Petvzal's interest in optics continued throughout the A process in 1839, Austria was represented by Professor A. rest of his life, and he reported in 1843 that "by order of the F. von Ettingshausen. He was so impressed with the possibilities General-Director Archduke Ludwig, he was assisted in his of photography that upon his return to Vienna, he induced his calculations for several years by two officers and eight friend and colleague the mathematician Joseph Petzval to undertake the design of a wide-aperture lens suitable for por traiture. Petzval, then 33 years old, devoted himeslf enthusiasti cally to the problem and was amazingly successful. He used a well-corrected telescope objective the right way round for his front component, and added an airspaced doublet behind it, the rear doublet being mathematically designed to give sharp de finition and to flatten the field. The formula was handed to the old-established Viennese optician Voigtlander, who first supplied the lens to a focal length of 150 mm and an aperture of f/3.6, mounted in a conical metal camera having a circular ground-glass focusing screen 94 mm diameter with a focusing magnifier permanently installed behind it. -
Johannes Frischauf – Matematik, Geodet, Astronom in Alpinist Seminar Za Zgodovino Matematiˇcnihznanosti
Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Seminar za zgodovino matematiˇcnihznanosti Marko Razpet Univerza v Ljubljani, Pedagoˇska fakulteta Ljubljana, 22. marec 2010 Marko Razpet Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Johannes Frischauf (1837{1924) Marko Razpet Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Johannes Frischauf Slap Rinka { Logarska dolina Marko Razpet Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Johannes Frischauf Frischaufov dom na Okreˇslju{ 1378 m Marko Razpet Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Glavni viri za to predstavitev R. Rosner, Scientists and Mathematicians in Czernowitz University, 2nd International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science, Cracow, September 2006. R. Tichy, J. Wallner, Johannes Frischauf { eine schillernde Pers¨onlichkeit in Mathematik und Alpinismus. Internat. Math. Nachrichten Nr. 210 (2009), 21{32. Slovenski biografski leksikon (besedilo JoˇzaGlonar) Osterreichisches¨ Biographisches Lexikon 1815{1950 Svetovni splet I. Vidav, Josip Plemelj: ob stoletnici rojstva, DZS, Ljubljana 1973 R. Rosner, Ignaz Lieben Gesellschaft, Dunaj. R. Tichy, J. Wallner, profesorja na TU Gradec Marko Razpet Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Osterreichisches¨ Biographisches Lexikon 1815{1950 Kratek Frischaufov ˇzivljenjepis Marko Razpet Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Osterreichisches¨ Biographisches Lexikon 1815{1950 Kratek Friesachov ˇzivljenjepis Marko Razpet Johannes Frischauf { matematik, geodet, astronom in alpinist Glavni ˇzivljenjskimejniki Johannesa Frischaufa 1837 - rojen na Dunaju 1857 - vpis na dunajsko univerzo 1861 - doktorat pri J. Petzvalu (1807{1891) in F. Mothu (1802{1879); sistematiˇcnoraziskovanje planinskega sveta 1863 - asistent v zvezdarni in privatni docent za matematiko na dunajski univerzi 1866 - izredni profesor za matematiko na graˇskiuniverzi, kot matematik nasledi E. -
Comparative Literature in Slovenia
CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture ISSN 1481-4374 Purdue University Press ©Purdue University Volume 2 (2000) Issue 4 Article 11 Comparative Literature in Slovenia Kristof Jacek Kozak University of Alberta Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, and the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons Dedicated to the dissemination of scholarly and professional information, Purdue University Press selects, develops, and distributes quality resources in several key subject areas for which its parent university is famous, including business, technology, health, veterinary medicine, and other selected disciplines in the humanities and sciences. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access learned journal in the humanities and social sciences, publishes new scholarship following tenets of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of cultural studies designated as "comparative cultural studies." Publications in the journal are indexed in the Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (Chadwyck-Healey), the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Thomson Reuters ISI), the Humanities Index (Wilson), Humanities International Complete (EBSCO), the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America, and Scopus (Elsevier). The journal is affiliated with the Purdue University Press monograph series of Books in Comparative Cultural Studies. Contact: <[email protected]> Recommended Citation Kozak, Kristof Jacek. "Comparative Literature in Slovenia." CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 2.4 (2000): <https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.1094> This text has been double-blind peer reviewed by 2+1 experts in the field. The above text, published by Purdue University Press ©Purdue University, has been downloaded 2344 times as of 11/ 07/19. -
Mathematical Genealogy of the Union College Department of Mathematics
Gemma (Jemme Reinerszoon) Frisius Mathematical Genealogy of the Union College Department of Mathematics Université Catholique de Louvain 1529, 1536 The Mathematics Genealogy Project is a service of North Dakota State University and the American Mathematical Society. Johannes (Jan van Ostaeyen) Stadius http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/ Université Paris IX - Dauphine / Université Catholique de Louvain Justus (Joost Lips) Lipsius Martinus Antonius del Rio Adam Haslmayr Université Catholique de Louvain 1569 Collège de France / Université Catholique de Louvain / Universidad de Salamanca 1572, 1574 Erycius (Henrick van den Putte) Puteanus Jean Baptiste Van Helmont Jacobus Stupaeus Primary Advisor Secondary Advisor Universität zu Köln / Université Catholique de Louvain 1595 Université Catholique de Louvain Erhard Weigel Arnold Geulincx Franciscus de le Boë Sylvius Universität Leipzig 1650 Université Catholique de Louvain / Universiteit Leiden 1646, 1658 Universität Basel 1637 Union College Faculty in Mathematics Otto Mencke Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus Key Universität Leipzig 1665, 1666 Universität Altdorf 1666 Universiteit Leiden 1669, 1674 Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen Jacob Bernoulli Christian M. von Wolff Universität Leipzig 1685 Universität Basel 1684 Universität Leipzig 1704 Christian August Hausen Johann Bernoulli Martin Knutzen Marcus Herz Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 1713 Universität Basel 1694 Leonhard Euler Abraham Gotthelf Kästner Franz Josef Ritter von Gerstner Immanuel Kant -
EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics the Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK E-Mail: [email protected]
CONTENTS EDITORIAL TEAM EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK e-mail: [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS VASILE BERINDE Department of Mathematics, University of Baia Mare, Romania e-mail: [email protected] NEWSLETTER No. 47 KRZYSZTOF CIESIELSKI Mathematics Institute March 2003 Jagiellonian University Reymonta 4 EMS Agenda ................................................................................................. 2 30-059 Kraków, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Editorial by Sir John Kingman .................................................................... 3 STEEN MARKVORSEN Department of Mathematics Executive Committee Meeting ....................................................................... 4 Technical University of Denmark Building 303 Introducing the Committee ............................................................................ 7 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] An Answer to the Growth of Mathematical Knowledge? ............................... 9 SPECIALIST EDITORS Interview with Vagn Lundsgaard Hansen .................................................. 15 INTERVIEWS Steen Markvorsen [address as above] Interview with D V Anosov .......................................................................... 20 SOCIETIES Krzysztof Ciesielski [address as above] Israel Mathematical Union ......................................................................... 25 EDUCATION Tony Gardiner -
Mathematical Genealogy of the Wellesley College Department Of
Nilos Kabasilas Mathematical Genealogy of the Wellesley College Department of Mathematics Elissaeus Judaeus Demetrios Kydones The Mathematics Genealogy Project is a service of North Dakota State University and the American Mathematical Society. http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/ Georgios Plethon Gemistos Manuel Chrysoloras 1380, 1393 Basilios Bessarion 1436 Mystras Johannes Argyropoulos Guarino da Verona 1444 Università di Padova 1408 Cristoforo Landino Marsilio Ficino Vittorino da Feltre 1462 Università di Firenze 1416 Università di Padova Angelo Poliziano Theodoros Gazes Ognibene (Omnibonus Leonicenus) Bonisoli da Lonigo 1477 Università di Firenze 1433 Constantinople / Università di Mantova Università di Mantova Leo Outers Moses Perez Scipione Fortiguerra Demetrios Chalcocondyles Jacob ben Jehiel Loans Thomas à Kempis Rudolf Agricola Alessandro Sermoneta Gaetano da Thiene Heinrich von Langenstein 1485 Université Catholique de Louvain 1493 Università di Firenze 1452 Mystras / Accademia Romana 1478 Università degli Studi di Ferrara 1363, 1375 Université de Paris Maarten (Martinus Dorpius) van Dorp Girolamo (Hieronymus Aleander) Aleandro François Dubois Jean Tagault Janus Lascaris Matthaeus Adrianus Pelope Johann (Johannes Kapnion) Reuchlin Jan Standonck Alexander Hegius Pietro Roccabonella Nicoletto Vernia Johannes von Gmunden 1504, 1515 Université Catholique de Louvain 1499, 1508 Università di Padova 1516 Université de Paris 1472 Università di Padova 1477, 1481 Universität Basel / Université de Poitiers 1474, 1490 Collège Sainte-Barbe -
START-/ Wittgenstein Broschüre 2001
markus arndt michael buchmeiser wolfgang drexler wilfried ellmeier clemens sedmak meinrad busslinger heribert hirt wolfgang heiss michael jursa georg schett dieter schmalstieg joachim schöberl ferenc krausz georg 2001–2005 kresse hanns- christoph nägerl andreas villunger renee schroeder michael kunzinger vassil palankovski gerhard schütz thomas bachner walter pohl thomas prohaska michael moser alexandra lusser matthias horn norbert zimmermannstart*wittgenstein michael hintermüller barry j. dickson rudolf grimm markus arndt michael buchmeiser wolfgang drexler wilfried ellmeier clemens sedmak meinrad busslinger heribert hirt wolfgang heiss michael jursa georg schett dieter schmalstieg joachim schöberl ferenc krausz georg kresse hanns-christoph nägerl andreas villunger renee schroeder michael kunzinger vassil palankovski gerhard schütz thomas bachner walter pohl thomas prohaska michael moser alexandra lusser matthias horn norbert zimmermann michael hintermüller barry j. dickson rudolf grimm markus arndt michael buchmeiser wolfgang drexler wilfried ellmeier clemens sedmak meinrad busslinger heribert hirt wolfgang heiss michael jursa georg START- und Wittgenstein-Preise 2001–2005 2001–2005 START and Wittenstein Prizes 2001–2005 Eine Publikation anlässlich des zehnjährigen Bestehens der Forschungsförderungspreise, herausgegeben vom Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur und dem Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF). A publication on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the research promotion prizes published by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). Juni 2006/June 2006 start*wittgenstein START und Wittgenstein 2001–2005 1 EDITORIAL SEHR GEEHRTE LESERIN, SEHR GEEHRTER LESER! Dass Forschung ein Schwerpunkt der Bundesregierung ist, zeigt die Entwicklung der Investitionen in Forschung und Entwicklung der letzten Jahre. Österreich ist damit unter die TOP-5-Forschungsländer der Europäischen Union aufgestiegen und unsere F&E-Quote liegt deutlich über dem EU-Durchschnitt. -
Implementation of Sustainable Mobility in Education
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Department of Geography GeograFF 23 Implementation of Sustainable Mobility in Education Tatjana Resnik Planinc, Matej Ogrin, Mojca Ilc Klun, Kristina Glojek Ljubljana 2018 Geograff23_FINAL.indd 1 10.5.2017 10:39:08 GeograFF 23 Implementation of Sustainable Mobility in Education Authors/avtorji: Tatjana Resnik Planinc, Matej Ogrin, Mojca Ilc Klun, Kristina Glojek Editor/urednica: Katja Vintar Mally Reviewers/recenzentki: Ana Vovk Korže, Mimi Urbanc Translators/prevajalca: James Cosier, Ana Mihor Published by/založila: Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts/Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani Issued by/izdal: Department of Geography/Oddelek za geografijo For the publisher/odgovorna oseba: zanjo Roman Kuhar, dean of the Faculty of Arts/ dekan Filozofske fakultete Layout/Prelom: Aleš Cimprič DOI: 10.4312/9789610600145 First edition, Digital edition/prva izdaja, elektronska izdaja Publication is free of charge./Publikacija je brezplačna. Delo je ponujeno pod licenco Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (priznanje avtorstva, deljenje pod istimi pogoji). Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani COBISS.SI-ID=293545984 ISBN 978-961-06-0013-8 (epub) ISBN 978-961-06-0014-5 (pdf) Geograff23_FINAL.indd 2 10.5.2017 10:39:08 Implementation of Sustainable Mobility in Education GeograFF 23 Geograff23_FINAL.indd 3 10.5.2017 10:39:09 Geograff23_FINAL.indd 4 10.5.2017 10:39:09 GeograFF 23 Contents 1 Introductory -
Some Comments on Multiple Discovery in Mathematics
Journal of Humanistic Mathematics Volume 7 | Issue 1 January 2017 Some Comments on Multiple Discovery in Mathematics Robin W. Whitty Queen Mary University of London Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Other Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Whitty, R. W. "Some Comments on Multiple Discovery in Mathematics," Journal of Humanistic Mathematics, Volume 7 Issue 1 (January 2017), pages 172-188. DOI: 10.5642/jhummath.201701.14 . Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/vol7/iss1/14 ©2017 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. JHM is an open access bi-annual journal sponsored by the Claremont Center for the Mathematical Sciences and published by the Claremont Colleges Library | ISSN 2159-8118 | http://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/ The editorial staff of JHM works hard to make sure the scholarship disseminated in JHM is accurate and upholds professional ethical guidelines. However the views and opinions expressed in each published manuscript belong exclusively to the individual contributor(s). The publisher and the editors do not endorse or accept responsibility for them. See https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/policies.html for more information. Some Comments on Multiple Discovery in Mathematics1 Robin M. Whitty Queen Mary University of London [email protected] Synopsis Among perhaps many things common to Kuratowski's Theorem in graph theory, Reidemeister's Theorem in topology, and Cook's Theorem in theoretical com- puter science is this: all belong to the phenomenon of simultaneous discovery in mathematics. We are interested to know whether this phenomenon, and its close cousin repeated discovery, give rise to meaningful questions regarding causes, trends, categories, etc. -
Progress Report
Progress Report 2008–2009 We owe special thanks to the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for its financial support for numerous projects of the research facilities of the Austrian Academy of Sciences All rights reserved Copyright © 2009 by Austrian Academy of Sciences Layout: Art Quarterly Publishing House Werbe- und PR-Agentur GmbH. Printed and bound: Wograndl 3 Table of contents Preface . 5 RESEARCH FACILITIES OF THE SECTION FOR MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES Biology and Medicine CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH . 11 Breath Research Institute . 14 GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology . 18 IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH . 22 Institute for Biomedical Aging Research . 26 Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research . 30 Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology . 34 Earth Sciences Institute for Geographic Information Science . 37 Center for Geosciences . 40 Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria . 42 Commission for Geophysical Research . 45 Commission for Quaternary Research . 48 Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials . 51 Mathematics, Simulation and Metrology Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems . 55 Acoustics Research Institute . 58 Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics . 61 Commission for Scientific Visualization . 65 Physics and Materials Sciences Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science . 68 Institute of High Energy Physics . 71 Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information . 74 Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physic. 77 Environmental Research Institute for Limnology . 80 Institute of Technology Assessment . 83 Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies . 86 Space Research Space Research Institute . 89 Commission for Astronomy . 92 Interdepartmental Research Tasks Commission for Scientific Co-operation with the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports . -
Preface Issue 4-2014
Jahresber Dtsch Math-Ver (2014) 116:199–200 DOI 10.1365/s13291-014-0108-4 PREFACE Preface Issue 4-2014 Hans-Christoph Grunau © Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 The last few years have been a good time for solving long standing geometrical- topological conjectures. This issue reports on the solution of the Willmore conject-√ ure—the “best” topological torus is a “real” torus with ratio of radii equal to 2— and one of Thurston’s conjectures—every hyperbolic 3-manifold can be fibered over a circle, up to passing to a finite cover. Starting in the 1960s, Thomas Willmore studied the integral of the squared mean curvature of surfaces in R3 as the simplest but most interesting frame invariant elas- tic bending energy. This energy had shown up already in the early 19th century—too early for a rigorous investigation. Willmore asked: What is the shape of a compact surface of fixed genus minimising the Willmore energy in this class? (In the 1990s, existence of minimisers was proved by Leon Simon, with a contribution by Matthias Bauer and Ernst Kuwert.) Willmore already knew that the genus-0-minimiser is a sphere. Assuming that symmetric surfaces require less energy than asymmetric ones (which has not been proved, yet) he studied families√ of geometric tori with the smaller radius 1 fixed and found that the larger radius 2 would yield the minimum in this very special family. He conjectured that this particular torus would be the genus- 1-minimiser. Almost 50 years later Fernando Marques and André Neves found and published a 100-page-proof. -
Hermann Cohen's Das Princip Der Infinitesimal-Methode
Hermann Cohen’s Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode: The History of an Unsuccessful Book Marco Giovanelli Abstract This paper offers an introduction to Hermann Cohen’s Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode (1883), and recounts the history of its controversial reception by Cohen’s early sympathizers, who would become the so-called ‘Marburg school’ of Neo-Kantianism, as well as the reactions it provoked outside this group. By dissecting the ambiguous attitudes of the best-known represen- tatives of the school (Paul Natorp and Ernst Cassirer), as well as those of several minor figures (August Stadler, Kurd Lasswitz, Dimitry Gawronsky, etc.), this paper shows that Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode is a unicum in the history of philosophy: it represents a strange case of an unsuccessful book’s enduring influence. The “puzzle of Cohen’s Infinitesimalmethode,” as we will call it, can be solved by looking beyond the scholarly results of the book, and instead focusing on the style of philosophy it exemplified. Moreover, the paper shows that Cohen never supported, but instead explicitly opposed, the doctrine of the centrality of the ‘concept of function’, with which Marburg Neo-Kantianism is usually associated. Long Draft 24/12/2015 Introduction Hermann Cohen’s Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode (Cohen, 1883) was undoubtedly an unsuccessful book. Its devastating reviews are customarily mentioned in the literature, but less known and perhaps more significant, is the lukewarm, and sometimes even hostile, reception the book received from Cohen’s early sympathizers. Some members of the group dissented publicly, while others expressed their discomfort in private correspondence.