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Home , Boris Arvatov, Emil Szittya, Gerd Arntz, Johannes Frischauf, Karl Zimmer, Leopold Vietoris

Index

Figures in bold refer to the biographies Kenneth Arrow 406 Beau 87 and / or illustrations H.C. Artmann 418, 481,481 Gottfried Bechtold 190, 221,356, 362, 61 362, 418, 498, 499, W.R. Ashby 328 499 a Michael Atiyah 255 Johannes R. Becker 58 Karl Abraham 522, 523, 528, 530- Carl Aub6ck 68 Konrad Becker 294, 364, 364 532 Augustine 209 Otto Beckmann 294, 357, 357, 546, Raimund Abraham 546, 574, 575, 574, Amadeo Avogadro 162 580 575 R. Axelrod 408 Richard Beer-Hoffmann 448 Antal Abt 241 Alfred Julius Ayer 456 Adolf Behne 67 Friedrich Achleitner 418, 481,481,483, Peter Behrens 66 484, 485, 488, 570 b L~szl6 Beke 504 J~nos Acz~l 251 Johannes Baader 59 Man6 Beke 245 Andor Adam 61 Baader-Meinhof group 577 GySrgy von B~k~sy 32, 122, 418, 431, Alfred Adler 66, 518, 521,521, Mihaly Babits 513 433, 433, 434 529, 533 G~bor Bachman 546, 559, 559, 560, John Bell 189, 212-217, 218 Bruno Adler 71 561 Therese Benedek 522 Raissa Adler 521 Ernst Bachrich 67 Tibor Benedek 522 Theodor W. Adorno 26, 142, 402, 447, Ron Baecker 343 Otto Benesch 473 478 Roger Bacon 185 Walter Benjamin 70, 476 Marc Adrian 106, 106, 142, 146, Alexander Bain 352 Gottfried Benn 589 148, 148, 355 BEla Bal&sz 66, 84, 338-341, 418, Max Bense 108 Robert Adrian X 363,363 444-447,446, 44 7, Jeremy Bentham 405 Endre Ady 442, 444 449-454, 513, 529 Vittorio Benussi 23-26, 24, 25, 29 August Aichhorn 521,524, 527, 528 Nandor Balasz 238 Sophie Benz 525 Howard Aiken 323 Alice B~lint 514, 515, 517-519, Bal&zs BeSthy 418, 504, 505, 504, Alciphon 166 521,521,522 505 123 Mihaly Balint 513-516, 518, 522, (:tienne BEothy 55, 57, 69, 368, 384, David Albert 188 522 385, 384-386 Leon Battista Alberti 166, 354 Hugo Ball 525 Anna B~othy-Steiner 55, 384 Bernhard Alexander 521 19,41 Gyula Benczur 71 Franz Gabriel Alexander 521,522 Richard Baltzer 242 Max Benirschke 38 J.W. Alexander 307 HonorE de Balzac 58 Szaniszl6 B~rczi 154, 179-181 Laszl6 Alexander 60, 87, 87, 88 Stefan Banach 258 Robert B~reny 57, 69, 535 Paul Allen 351 K. Bandat 324 Max Berg 67 Rudolf Allers 265 Zsuzsa B&nki 71, 76 Elisabeth Berger 529 Laszl6 AIp:lr 248 Robert B~r~ny 422, 434, 434 Otti Berger 68, 71, 76, 77 Franz von AIt 326 Masa Baranyai 76, 250 Gundi Berghold 353, 356 Peter Altenberg 300 Weston La Barre 519 Gustav Bergmann 456 N. Altmann 61, 67 Sandor Barta 60, 67, 68, 69, 70 Henri Bergson 43, 471 Regina Altstedt 522 Roland Barthes 108, 504 Georges Berkely 426 Anaxagoras 220 BEla Bart6k 58, 67, 444, 446, 450, Istvan Berkes 250 Anaximander of Miletus 187 452 Aural Bernath 60, 67, 68, 69 Simon Andor 67 Istvan Bart6k 339 T. Berners-Lee 330 Lou Andreas-Salom~ 534 Gregory Bateson 27 Siegfried Bernfeld 515, 522, 526 Andras J. Angyan 311,311,327 Mikl6s B&thor 339 Ilse Bernheimer 37 Frigyes Antal 446, 447, 449, 451 Charles Baudelaire 4, 477 Ludwig von Bertalanffy 32, 368, 371,376, Guillaume Apollinaire 57 Jean Baudrillard 219, 597, 598 377, 376, 377, 380 Louis Aragon 477 Otto Bauer 448, 476 Franca Bertram 208 Daniel Arany 241 Willi Baumeister 61, 67 Bertrand-Taillet 87 Archigram 577 A.E. Baumgarten 157 Friedr. v. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini 37 Archimedes 185, 187-189, 404 Peter Baumgartner 32 Hans A. Bethe 224, 288, 440 Alexander Archipenko 60, 67, 70 Claire Bauroff 44, 44 Bruno Bettelheim 508, 522, 522 Rudolf Arnheim 94, 109, 238 Herbert Bayer 70, 546, 586, 589, 577 Aristotle 157, 185, 188, 197, 590, 589, 590 Richard Biel 568 300, 463 Konrad Bayer 142, 144, 418, 481, H. Bielowski 327 Martin Arnold 152, 152 481,483,484 Gudrun Bielz 353, 356 7, 591 Irene Bayer-Hecht 589 Julian Bigelow 299 Hans Arp 60, 61, 64, 66-68, 82 Beatles 577 G.D. Birkhoff 251

602 Joseph Binder 586, 594, 594 Marcel Breuer 57, 68-76, 76, 546, Christo 577 G. Birkhoff 196 549, 550, 555, 555, Chuang-Tzu 188, 220 William Blake 584 556, 560 Alonzo Church 260 John Blackmore 423 David Brewster 92 West Churchman 301 Wilhelm Blaschke 261,265 Leonid Brezhnev 477 Rudolf Clausius 282 John M. Blatt 224 Ossip Brik 61 Johann Cigler 261 Franz Blei 529 Max Brod 66, 529 Franz Cizek 40, 41,41, 42, 45, 66 Andr~ Bloc 557 M. Brommer 67 Cizek School 12, 40, 42, 50, 52, 62 Ernst Bloch 444, 529 Max Bronstein 68 Paul Claudel 529 A. Blok 58 Marcel Broodthaers 504 Jean Cocteau 60, 67, 158 IrOn BI0h 77, 77 L.E.J. Brouwer 259, 270, 468 Jonas Cohn 436 Alfred Blumberg 457 Hank Brosin 299 Auguste Comte 438, 457 58 Alexis Brown 58 Tony Conrad 141 M. Boden 471 Crum Brown 433 John Horton Conway 338,387, 417, 469 G~bor BOdy 10, 294, 338, 339, J.M. Bruckner 132, 132 Coop Himmelb(I)au 546, 559, 572, 573, 340, 341,395, 559 Ernst Br0cke 18 573, 577-579, 578, Alexander Bogdanov 22 Wolfgang Brunbauer 574 579 Hubert Bognermeyer 356 Egon Brunswik 25-27, 25, 27, 473 Nicolas Copernicus 187, 301,470, 476 Jakob BOhme 444 G0nter Brus 537, 539, 540 Le Corbusier 64, 67, 565, 570 Niels Bohr 137, 188, 208, 212, Martin Buber 445, 523, 529 Stanley Coren 29 224, 405, 435, 437, Bruno Buchberger 261 R.N. Coudenhove-Kal~rgi 67 439 Wolfgang Buchner 110, 110 Charles A. Coulomb 182 Heinrich B011 143 Maurizio Bueno 97 Richard Courant 246 8, 196, 208, 234, 235, Charlotte B0hler 25, 26, 523 Malcolm Cowley 61 238, 267, 282, 283, Karl B0hler 22, 25-27, 475 Francis Crick 199 421,422,427, 463 Michelangelo Buonarotti 74 Attila Cs~ji 137-139, 137-139 Farkas Bolyai 238, 242, 243, 24:2, Daniel Buren 504 G~za Csath 513 251 V. Burgin 504 /kkos Cs~sz~r 244, 2.50, 251 Janos Bolyai 238, 242, 243, 242, Dorothy Burlington 524 G~bor Csaszari 190, 228, 228 251 William Buxton 343 Tibor Csiky 395 Bernard Bolzano 421,422 Imre Csisz~r 284 Enrico Bombieri 269 C Attila CsOrgO 190, 229, 230, 229, Marie Bonaparte 528 Ludwig Cacinovic 73 230 Baldassare Boncompagni 243 Gert Caden 67 Charles A. Csuri 294, 338, 346, 347, Ecke Bonk 586, 595, 596, 595, John Cage 142, 598 346, 347 596 R. Cailiau 330 Pierre Curie 161 Armand Borel 255 Renzo Canestrani 24 Alice Cziner 526 Jorge Luis Borges 59, 60, 67 Elias Canetti 477 Dezs6 Czipany 57 208, 224, 280 W.B. Cannon 328 B~la CzObel 57 I~va T. Bortnyik 140, 140 Georg Cantor 259, 463 Sandor Bortnyik 45, 50, 57, 58, 60, 61, Ernst Caramelle 356 d 61-63, 64, 67-69, 70, Constantin Carath~odory 257,258 Salvador Dali 123, 123 74, 77, 546, 549, 550, Rudolf Carnap 197, 261, 418, 421, A.R. Damaiso 410 560 422,425, 427, 456- Klara Dan 307, 399 Gertrud Bortstieber 447 460, 462, 463, 464, G. Daniels 530 Ruggiero Guiseppe Boscovich 187, 188, 523 Arthur C. Danto 504 219, 220 Marcel Carn~ 70 Charles Darwin 210, 303, 401,407 B@la Bosny~k 442 Ernst Cassirer 424, 475 Harold Davenport 262 Raoul Bott 238, 255, :255 Suzanne Cassirer-Paret 523 Ferenc De~k 339 Kenneth Boulding 376 Jean Casson 69 Max Delbr0ck 198 Pierre Boulez 142 Carlos Castaneda 189, 301 Democritus 463 Braumann 61 Castell 87 Agnes Denes 546, 584, 584 Nikolas Braun 84, 89, 89 57, 59, 60, 61 Val~ria G. D~nes 57 Alfred E. Brehm 373 Paul C~zanne 11, 57, 491,494 D. Dennett 407 Olaf Breidbach 31 67 Kathe Deppner 208 Franz Brentano 22, 23, 25, 422, 456, Houston St. Chamberlain 475 Andr~ Derain 58 463 Charlie Chaplin 598 Gyula Derkovits 69 Andr~ Breton 395, 567 Erwin Chargaff 154, 157-159 Paul Derm~e 67 Josef Breuer 68, 433 Gilbert K. Chesterton 395 Jacques Derrida 559, 578

603 Tibor D@ry 60,67,69 Albert Einstein 123,129,182,187, William Feller 260 Ren@ Descartes 185,219,422,463 189,190,198,199, Florent Fels 58 Robert Desnos 69 208,209,230,238, Otto Fenichel 508, 515-520, 515, David Deutsch 188,218 260,268,277,278, 516, 530, 531 Felix Deutsch 523,523 280,288,289,288, Beni Ferenczy 444, 447 Helene Deutsch 523,523,534 289,291,307,350, Sandor Ferenczi 508, 511-517, 514, Walter Dexel 60,66 401,405,422,423, 521, 522, 525-529, Ernest Dichter 25 431,435-437,439, 530-532 Friedl Dicker 68,546,562 440,457,463 Enrico Fermi 123, 288, 289 Denis Diderot 158,166 Dwight D. Eisenhower 193 Leon Festinger 23 Georges Didi-Huberman 172 Sergej M. Eisenstein 143, 144 G0nther Feuerstein 570, 570, 571, 574 Val@ria Dienes 43, 43 Kurt R. Eissler 25, 524 Paul K. Feyerabend 418, 421-423, 426, L~szl6 Dienes 84 Max Eitingon 519 472,472 Jean Dicaudonn@ 260 Rudolf Ekstein 523, 524, 524 Richard Feynman 440 Wilhelm Dilthey 444 Paul Eluard 67, 477 Lajos Filep 444 Hugo Dingier 422, 423 Paul Emerich 67 David Finkelstein 188 Paul Dirac 224, 438 David Georges Emmerich 546, 557, 557 Sebastian Finsterwalder 264 Ludwig D6bler 18, 20 Empedokles 157 Fibonacci 387, 387 Alfred D6blin 529 Friedrich Engels 478, 519 Johann Gottlieb Fichte 445 Theo van Doesburg 60, 61, 64, 66, 67, 68, G~sp~r Endre 69 Gertrude Fischel 50 69, 72-74, 565 Egon Engelien 67 Ernst Fischer 265 G0nther Domenig 546, 576, 576 Vederigo Enriques 11 Ernst Fischer 418, 476, 476 Oskar Donau 48, 52 L6r~nd Eotv6s 241,431,438 Oskar Fischer 60, 72 Fjodor Dostoyevsky 446, 449, 452,494 J6zsef E6tv6s 241 Oskar Fischinger 84 James Drever 25 Epimenides 270 Armistead Fitzhugh 564 Alexandr Drewin 61 Mikl6s Erd#~ly 395, 418, 507, 560 Ludwig Fleck 421,422 Carl Th. Dreyer 144 P~I Erd6s 238, 248-250, 248, Trude Fleischmann 44, 44, 57 Pierre and Henri Droz 308 249, 252-254, Hans Florey 111,111 25, 25, 504, 567 253,254 Vil~m Flusser 93 Albert Ducrocq 313 Emil H. Erikson 25 Ethel Fodor 71, 76, 77 Ilona Duczynska 443 Theodor Erismann 27, 28 Heinz von Foerster 31, 31, 32, 294, 297- Karel Dudesek 294 Manfred Erjautz 586, 599, 599 302, 297, 326, 328 George Duhamel 57 Max Ernst 567 Uzzi von Foerster 3OO Pierre Duhem 422, 428 Paul Ernst 445, 448 B~la Fogarasi 424, 446, 449, 451- Dunajec 59 Wolfgang Ernst 418, 496, 571 453 Hanns Dunstmann 590 Fedo Ertl 356 Peter F61des 338 Albrecht D0rer 157, 160 M.C. Escher 123, 166 Luciano Folgore 60 A. Duschek 323 Gustav yon Escherich 257,258 Alfred Forbath 66, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, Johann Dvorak 476 etoy 356 73, 75, 77, 546, 552, Adolf Dyroff 475 Euclid 185, 242, 243 552, 560 Freeman J. Dyson 277, 278 Hugh Everett 187-189, 218 Alexander Forbes 300 Sigmund Exner 31, 31 Henry Ford 502 e Valie Export 150, 150, 355, 356, P~ter Forg~cs 508, 536, 536 Paul Earls 97 418, 498, 508, 544, Raoul H. Franc~ 368, 371-373, 371- John Earman 281 544 373, 549 Edoxos 463 Annie Franc~-Harrar 373 Loys Egg 500 f James Franck 224, 288, 440 Viking Eggeling 60, 61, 67, 84, 142, Gerd Faltings 269 Josef Frank 268 144, 383 Michael Faraday 17 Lawrence K. Frank 300 Ilya Ehrenburg 61 Gyula Farkas 241 Philipp Frank 267, 267, 268, 422, Paul Ehrenfest 257, 323 Ernst Theodor Fechner 18 423, 456, 457, 460, Christian yon Ehrenfels 22, 23, 25 Paul Federn 516, 521,524, 524, 462 Albert Ehrenstein 529 526, 527, 530, 531, Herbert W. Franke 356 Carl Ehrenstein 58, 66 535 Felix Frankl 259, 259 Enid Eichholz 522 Solomon Feferman 406 Paul Theodore Frankl 546, 563 Richard Eier 327 Herbert Feigl 422,456, 457,462 Franz Joseph 304, 431 Manfred Eigen 408, 411, 417 Lyonel Feininger 72 Maurice Fr@chet 26O Lip6t Fej~r 238, 241,243-246, E. Fredkin 219 244, 245, 248, 251 Friedrich L.G. Frege 271,463

604 Frei Otto 557 Bruno Gironcoli 539 O.H.W. Hadank 67 Frank Fremont-Smith 297, 299, 300 Ernst yon Glasersfeld 32,294, 303, 303 BernhardHafner 575,576, 576 Else FrenkeI-Brunswik 25-27,26 Henrik Glauber 67 H. Haga 434 Anna Freud 524, 524, 526, 528, Albert Gleizes 60, 61 Hans Hahn 238,257,258,257, 529 Kurt G~del 9, 10, 122, 189, 197, 258,260-263,265, Sigmund Freud 22, 209, 473, 494, 219, 238, 260, 260, 422,439,456-459, 508, 511-515, 513, 261,270, 270, 271, 462,463 517, 521,523-529, 277-281,277, 327, Olga Hahn-Neurath 265,456 524, 530, 532-535 398, 402, 403, 418, Tibor Hajas 508,545,545 Antal Freund 511 438, 456, 462, 463, I~tienneHajd0 386 Anton von Freund 529 468 Friedrich von Hajek 28,421,422 Krisztian Frey 294, 345, 345 G6dr6s 57 Andras Hajnal 248 Yona Friedman 557, 576 Johann W. von Goethe 5, 157, 322 Rosza Hajn6czy 536 Caspar David Friedrich 559 58 Edit Hajos 45,446,446 Johannes Frischauf 243 Martin Goldstern 261 John Halas 338 M. Frischauf-Pappenheim 531 Hermann H. Goldstine 304 Andras Halasz 418,506 Martha Fritsch 534 Ivan Goll 57, 58, 60, 61, 66, 67, RudolfHailer 422 Fr61ich 71 529 Paul Richard Halmos 238 Erich Fromm 513 Ernst H. Gombrich 27, 418, 473,473, Leo Halpern 67 Laszl6 Fuchs 251 474, 478 George Bruce Halstead 243 Lajos FOlep 424, 446, 449-453 Heinrich Gomperz 456, 475 Gerta Hammerschmied 51 Buckminster Fuller 154, 162, 163, 590 Eugen Gomringer 481 Gusztav Hamos 348,348 Paul Funk 261 Nelson Goodman 425 Haim Hanani 248 Philipp Furtwangler 238, 257, 257, 261, Maria G6ppert Meyer 438 Fanny Hann-Kende 516 262, 269, 271 Eberhard Gothein 449 J. Hans-Jenson 438 Wilhelm Furtwangler 257 H. G6tschl 391 N.R. Hansen 422 Stephen Jay Gould 211 Simon Hanta'f 172,173,172,173 g Jelena Grabenko 450 Karoly Hantos 339 Gabor Gaal 84 Vitus Graber 372 Hao Wang 9 Naum Gabo 61, 78 67, 84 Eva Harand-Schreiber 483 Andr~ Gabor 119, 447 Inge Graf & Zyx 356 Godfrey Harold Hardy 262 ~,ron Gabor 339 El Greco 561 Angela Hareiter 574 D~nes Gabor 93, 119, 119, 122, Lily Greenham 4, 39 Jen6 Harnik 525 123, 129, 130, 138 Pal Greguss 129-132, 129, 132 Molly Harrower 300 Ulrike Gabriel 364 Wolfgang Gr6bner 257, 261 John C. Harsanyi 368,398,399,404- Claudius Galenus 600 Walter Gropius 64, 66-68, 71-73, 75, 406,404,408,410 Galileo Galilei 8, 185, 404, 441 76, 78, 549, 590 Fritz Hartlauer 368,387,388,387, Sandor Galimberti 57 Hans Gross 525 388 Tibor Gallai 248, 250 Otto Gross 59, 508, 525, 525 R.V.L. Hartley 283 Luigi Galvani 327 Peter Gross 525 Heinz Hartmann 25, 526, 530 George Gamov 440 George Grosz 60, 67 Moritz Hartmann 526 Heinz Gappmayr 418, 489, 490, 489, Marina Grover 28 Gottfried Hattinger 356 490 Leslie R. Groves 440 Paul Hatvani 57 Karoly Garay 450 G~za Gr•nwald 248 A. Hauenschild 328 Domenico Gargiulo 559 Peggy Guggenheim 565 Josef Matthias Hauer 67, 141,359 Endr~ Gaspar 64, 64 Ingo G~nther 364 Felix Hausdorf 259 Ilse Gassinger 356 Fritz Gurlitt 61 Arnold Hauser 418, 424, 446, 447, Bill Gates 351 Albert G~tersloh 529 449,451,453,473, 242, 243 Giselherr Guttmann 32 478-480,478,479 Tibor Gayor 170, 170, 338 Gabor Gy6rfi 340 Raoul Hausmann 54,60,61,67,72,74, Ernest Gellner 423 Edith Gy6mr6i 446, 447, 450, 515, 75,82,83,82,83 Eugen Gendlin 525 517-519 Haus-Rucker-Co. 546,572,572,573, Karl Gerbel 356 577 Sandor Gergely 57, 84 h Howard Hawks 70 Tibor Gergely 45, 446, 447, 449 Hans Haacke 504 Agnes Hay 338 Georg Ger6 515-518 Alfred Haar 241,244, 247, 251 Friedrichvon Hajek 405 Gy~rgy Ger6 86, 86 Fritz Haber 288, 435 Donald Hebb 31 Richard Gerstl 142, 537 Wenzel Hablik 546, 568, 568 Friedrich Hebbel 444 James B. Gibson 25, 28, 473 lan Hacking 406 Paul Heberer 73

605 Selig Hecht 288 Torfin R. Hogness 288 Gunnar Johannson 25 Agnes HegedQs 339 Hans Hollein 546, 570, 571,571, Robert Hans Jokl 527 ErzsEbet HegedOs 45 577 FrEdEric Joliot 288 G.W.F. Hegel 157, 444, 463 Istvc~n Holl6s 511, 514, 516, 522, Ernest Jones 513, 528 Martin Heidegger 502 527, 527 Hildegard Joos 171,171 Fritz Heider 25, 25, 26 Ruth Holl6s 71, 76 224 Hans Heilbronn 262 Simon Hollosy 71 Gy6rgy Jovanovics 506, 546, 560 John L. Heilbron 435, 436 Adolf Hoelzel 33 James Joyce 80, 91 Anthony Heilbut 2 Michael Holzer 572 Attila J6zsef 448, 513 208, 224, 277, 284, Rudolf H6nigsfeld 66 Istv~n Juhc~sz 294, 304, 305, 304, 405, 437, 440 Raymond M. Hood 564 305 Andre Heller 572 W.G. Horner 17, 93 B. von Juhos 422 Eduard Helly 258, 258 Sabina H6rtner 177, 177 BEla Julesz 29, 30, 92, 120, 121, Walter Helly 68 J~nos Horvath 251 120, 121, 122-124, Hermann von Helmholtz 18, 24, 27, 92, 120, Timo Huber 574 124, 126, 166, 166, 433 Douglas Huebler 499 338, 395 Carl Gustav Hempel 183, 422 Richard Huelsenbeck 60, 67 Carl Gustav Jung 190, 208-21 O, 395, Jimi Hendrix 577 Johan Hug6 71 511,525, 533 Johann Friedr. Herbart 432 Vicente Huidobro 61,67 Franz Jung 59, 60 Auguste Herbin 69 Markus Huemer 356 Georg Jung 104, 105, 104, 105 Gustav Herglotz 257, 258, 261 Hermine Hug-Hellmuth 508, 527 Ewald Hering 120, 206 Alexanderv. Humboldt 373 k Imre Hermann 514-518, 522, 526, David Hume 404, 427 Mark Kac 122, 248, 254 526 N. Humphry 410 BEla K~d~r 69 Theo Hermann 28 Friedensreich Hundertwasser 570 Franz Kafka 444, 571 Emanuel Herrmann 426 Jen6 Hunyadi 241 Otto Kahler 73 Heinrich Hertz 352, 422, 427 Witold Hurewicz 258, 258, 263 Ely Jacques Kahn 564 Walter Herzger 73 Edmund Husserl 22, 422, 424 Friedrich Kainz 27 Hermann Hesse 59, 525 Vilmos Husz~r 61, 64, 69, 73, 74, 84, Gy6rgy Kaldor 446, 447, 449, 450, Franz Hessler 73 551 454 Gy6rgy von Hevesy 418, 431,434-437, Evelyn Hutchinson 299, 300 Frantisek Kalivoda 78, 85 435 Eilfried Huth 576, 576 Ern6 Kallai 60, 60, 61, 64, 67-69, Nazim Hikmet 477 71, 76, 77, 79, 84, 92, Ludwig Hilberseimer 67, 84 i 368, 382-383, 382 David Hilbert 9, 194, 243,245, 246, Ignotus 511 L~szI6 Kalm~r 248, 251,294, 306, 257, 258, 262, 270, Kurt Ingerl 358, 359, 358, 359 306, 338 271,278, 280, 281, Inverz 399 Josef Kalmer 67 431,438, 463 Arata Isozaki 559 Franz Kaltenback 539 A.V. Hill 288 Johannes Itten 68, 71-73, 76, 546, Kamardionko 67 Jaakko Hintikka 406 589 Rudolf Kammerer 470 Hippocrates 600 Wassily Kandinsky 57, 64, 72, 74, 89, G~nter HirscheI-Protsch 67 J 123 Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mach 75 Max Jacob 58, 67 Gaetano Kanizsa 24, 29, 112-117, 112, Fritz Hirzebruch 255 Edith Jacobson 515, 528 113, 120 297, 350, 440, 531 Joseph-Marie Jacquard 308 Immanuel Kant 187, 219, 280, 391, Eduard Hitschmann 526, 526, 530 Erich R. Jaensch 112 392, 405,422, 444, 257, 261,269 Roman Jakobson 597, 600 445, 456, 457, 468, Thomas Hobbes 406 Pavel Jan~k 561 474 Julian E. Hochberg 25 Marcel Janko 61 Otto Kapfinger 574 Anton Hofer 36, 37, 40 Johann Jascha 574 E Kappe 329 Willi Hoffer 526 Almos Jaschik 77 Judit Kc~r~sz 71, 76, 77, 77 Hedwig Hoffer-Schaxel 526 Karl Jaspers 445 Irma Karczwska 535 Josef Hoffmann 33, 35, 38, 39, 66, Oszkar Jaszi 441,452 A. Kardiner 530 358, 546, 589 Gustav Jaumann 438 Lajos Kardos 25, 26 Peter Gerwin Hoffmann 355 Jeanneret 61, 64 Frigyes Karinthy 513 Alois H6fler 23, 23, 422 Ludwig Jekels 527, 527, 530 Elisabeth Karlinsky 41, 45, 53 Hans Hofmann 41, 51 Zoltc~n Jeney 395, 397 T6dor von Karman 248, 418, 431-433, Nikolaus Hofreiter 257 Jesus 399 431,435, 437-439 Peter R. Hofst~tter 25 Hug6 Johann 71-73 Zsigmond K~rolyi 339

606 Yousuf Karsh 44 knowbotic research 294,356,366,367, Miroslav Krleza 58 Jolan Kassak 67 366,367 Leopold Kronecker 468 Lajos Kassak 45, 56, 57-60, 59, 60, Heinrich Koch 73 Norbert KroO 137-139, 137-139 61, 64, 62-65, 66-70, Zoltan Kodaly 58,446,450,452 Erwin Kruppa 261 67-70, 74, 92, 358, Arthur Koestler 368,378-381,378- Peter Kubelka 141-145, 142, 145, 560 381,395,418,439, 149 Rudolf Kassler 444 470,470,471 Bohumil KubiOta 561 David Katz 26 Kurt Koffka 23,24,26 Stanley Kubrick 307 Rose Katz 26 Kiki Kogelnik 483 Viktor Kudielka 323 Stuart Kauffman 211 Peter Kogler 356 Janos Kudlak 67, 69 Felix Kaufmann 456, 462 Erika Kohler 28 Lajos Kudlak 58, 64 Peter Keler 73 Ivo Kohler 25,27,28,28,29 Max Kuhn 67 O.D. Kellogg 251 Wolfgang KOhler 23,24,26,26 Richard Kuhn 259 GQnter Kelp 572, 572 Hans Kohn 90 Thomas Kuhn 301,422, 423, 435, Alfred Kem@ny 58, 61, 64, 67, 69, 79, Heinz Kohut 528,526 470, 472 84 142,300,529 Georg Kulka 58 John George Kemeny 238, 338, 350, 351, Andrei Kolmogorov 260 BEla Kun 58, 432, 435, 437 350 Tamas Komor6czky 338,338 Kunstlabor 365 Zoltan Kem~ny 386 Boris N. Kompaneysky 29, 29 JOzsef KOrschak 41,243, 248, 251 Zsigmond Kende 442 B~la Kondor 560 Thomas Kurtz 350, 351 Friedrich Kenkel 24 D~nes KSnig 251 Otto Kurz 418, 473, 474, 474, GyOrgy Kepes 16, 32, 60, 69, 70, 92, Gyula KSnig 238,243 528 94, 96, 97, 96, 97, H. KOnig 258 Martin Kusch 353, 356 138, 338, 418, 546 Judit Kopper 339 Donald B. Kuspit 474 Johannes Kepler 185, 209 Mor Korach 442 Frantisek Kynd 560 B~la Ker~kjarto 251 A. Korn 67 Otto F. Kernberg 527 Janos Kornai 305 I Karoly Kernstok 57, 69 I~va KOrner 57 Herbert Lachmayer 356 Hugo Kersten 59 Paul Kornfeld 529 MiklOs Laczkovich 238, 250, 250, 251 John Maynard Keynes 416 R. Kossnik 73 Imre Lakatos 418, 423, 468, 468, Soren Kierkegaard 444, 446 Dezs6 Kosztolanyi 513 469, 472 Friedrich Kiesler 12, 30, 32, 65, 66, 66, Attila Kovacs 294,319,320,319, Laszl6 Lakner 418, 494, 494 67, 67, 102, 103, 102, 320,338,559 Julien Offray de LaMettrie 471 103, 368, 374, 375, Gy6z5 Kovacs 305 JOzsef Nemes LampErth 57, 60, 61, 69, 446 529, 546, 553, 565, Vilma Kovacs 521,521,532 Fritz Lampl 66, 529 567, 565-567, 570 Karla Kowalski 576 Edmund Landau 246, 254 Motoo Kimura 414 Karl Kowanz 356 Lev. D. Landau 224 Orhan Kipcak 356 Laszl6 Kozma 294,305,318,318, Gustav Landauer 58, 59, 525 Ortwin Kirchmayr 483 338 R. Landauer 226 Paul Kirnig 42, 42, 66 Siegfried Kracauer 447 Erwin Lang 300 Elem~r Kiss 243 Richard v. Krafft-Ebing 533 Heinz Lang 300 LaszI6 Kiss 338 Victor Kraft 422,425,456,458, Irmgard Lang 49 Peter Kiss 340 462 Kurt Lang 49, 72, 73 Samuel Klatschko 442, 443 Leopold Krames 261 Lilith Lang 300, 300 67, 69, 71, 123, 383 Kurt Kranz 589 Martin Lang 300 Eszter Klein 254 Karl Kraus 264, 467, 535 Barbara Lantos 515 Arthur Klein 528 Gertrud Krauss 67 Pierre Simon Laplace 190, 277 Felix Klein 243, 246, 256-258, Georg Kreisel 265,266 Emil Lask 445 431,433 Kurt Kren 6,30,30,144,144, Sandor Laszl6 84, 85, 138 Georges Klein 25 146,146,147,147, Max von Laue 288, 439 Melanie Klein 514, 528 149,149 Laurids 539 Erika Giovanna Klien 40, 41, 45, 45, 47, 66 Hans Kretz 327 D.H. Lawrence 59, 525 Gustav Klimt 142, 537 Antal Kricskovics 138 D~zs6 Lazar 248 Gustav Klucis 560 Richard Kriesche 294,352,354,355, Paul F. Lazarsfelder 25 Janos Kmetty 57, 69 356,360-362,360- Bart van der Leck 64 Imre Kner 446, 451 362,418,496 Fernand L~ger 60, 66, 67, 74, 567 Milan Knisak 561 Ernst Kris 27,418,473,474, George Legrady 294, 349, 349 Mike Knoll 123 474,528,528 Gottfried W. Leibniz 158, 187, 404, 416 Adolf Krischanetz 574

607 Werner Leinfellner 391,391,392,398, Ludwig Mach 432 Janos Megyik 198, 677, 546, 558- 399,401,407-410 Douglas MacArthur 399 561,558 Hans Leistikow 67 Saunders MacLane 264 Richard Meili 26 Janos Lcakay 58 Robert B. Macleod 25 Alexius Meinong 22-24, 23, 26, 422, Vladimir I. Lenin 22,58,67,443,447 Janos Macza 58, 60, 61, 67, 68, 69 424 Josef Lense 230 Alma Mahler 68 Meister Eckart 444, 446 Hannes Leopoldseder 356 VSadimir V. Majakovsky 60 Georges M~li~s 152 Philipp Lersch 26 Peter Major 250 Eduard Melly 238 Gotthold E.Lessing 352 Endre Makai 254 Heinrich Meng 524 Anna Lesznai 445-447, 449, 451 Imre Makovecz 561 Karl Menger 197, 238, 256, 259, Lajos L(~vi 511 Kasimir Malevich 41, 61, 64, 74, 92, 259, 261-263, 267, Sherrie Levine 504 396, 579 270, 368, 402,402, Do Levy 530 Bronislaw Malinowski 513,519 403, 421,422, 456, Lajos L~vy 529 Stephane Mallarm~ 395, 595 458, 462, 463 Kurt Lewin 23,26,26 Benoit Mandelbrot 259 AndrOs Mengyan 133, 134, 133, 134, D.A. Lewinson 26 Marcus Manilius 157 338, 339 577 Heinrich Mann 529 Walter Menzel 73 Lichtenthal 71 Thomas Mann 444, 447, 448 Franz Mertens 258, 266 Sandor v. Liezen-Mayer 71 Karl Mannheim 402, 418, 424, 446, M. Mesarovic 378, 379 JOzsef Ligeti 84 446, 449-454, 471, Luigi Meschieri 112 Otto von Lilienthal 371,372 478, 513 Franz X. Messerschmidt 474 J.V. Linnik 246 Franz Marc 58 Fabio Metelli 24 Josef Linschinger 272, 272 Etienne Jules Marey 18, 20, 146 Nicholas Metropolis 440 Istv~n Lipka 251 Od0n Marffy 57 H.K. Metzger 142 Jacques Lipschitz 60 Emanuel Margold 589 Wolfgang Metzger 23, 25, 25 41, 61, 64, 67, 78, 79, Emilio F.T. Marinetti 57, 66, 67, 67 Ern5 Metzner 84 560, 577, 579 Zsusa Markos-Ney 71, 76, 77 Adolf Meyer 72 W.K. Livingston 300 V. Markov 79 Hannes Meyer 76, 77, 549 John Locke 422 D. Marr 332 Leslie Mezei 338, 342, 343, 342, A.E. Loeb 165 Sidney Marshall 350 343 Berthold Loeffler 41, 66 Lajos Martin 241 A.E. Michotte 26 Hilde Loewi 534 Karl Marx 399, 443, 444, 471, Laurent Mignonneau 368, 388, 389, 388, Adolf Loos 39, 45, 66, 300, 530, 478, 513, 519, 597 389 546, 570 G(~nter Matschinger 574 D~nes Mihaly 84, 85 Lina Loos 300 Gordon Matta-Clark 578 Karoly Mihaly 448 Edgar E. Lorch 244 Rupprecht Matthaei 20 Sandor Mikola 438 Konrad Lorenz 25, 28, 391,392 Janos Mattis-Teutsch 48, 49, 57, 58, 58, 60, Antoni Mikolajczyk 560 Richard Lorenz 435 68, 69 Darius Milhaud 67 Peter Lorre 529 Humberto Maturana 301 John Stuart Mill 405, 422 Ern5 Lorsy 446, 446 DOra Maurer 232, 232, 273, 273, J. Milnor 255 Tam~s Lossonczky 395 338, 368, 395, 397, 243, 257, 258, 265 LaszI6 Lovasz 238, 250, 250 546, 560 Ludwig von Mises 405 Emanuel LSwy 27, 473 Hermann Maurer 294, 326, 329, 330, Richard von Mises 197, 238, 260, 266, Karl Ludwig 18 329 266, 268, 422, 456 GySrgy Lukacs 58, 418, 424, 444- Otto Mauer 570 Missing Link 574 454, 444, 447, 448, Fritz Mauthner 59, 142, 418, 465- Amadeo Modigliani 57 468, 477, 478, 513 467, 465, 466 Laszl6 Moholy-Nagy 4, 12, 16, 32, 54, 57, Auguste and Louis Lumi~re 18, 152 Walter Mayer 260, 260, 264 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66- F. Lux 308, 308 Ernst May 77 71, 73-82, 78-82, 84, Anna Lvova 442 Ruth von Mayenburg 477 85, 91-96, 137, 358, Bertram Mayer 574 383, 546, 560, 589, m James Clark Maxwell 17, 17, 182, 283-285, 59O Wolfgang Maass 326 352 Sibyl Moholy-Nagy 78 Ernst Mach 8, 9, 18-21, 19-21, 22, John McCarthy 350 Gertr0d Moiret 45 22, 23, 25, 31, 32, 92, Warren McCulloch 27, 294, 297-300, Abraham Moles 108 142, 146, 190, 208, 328,335 Christian MOiler 356 209, 230, 392, 418, MarshallMcLuhan 150, 342 Farkas Molnar 60, 61, 66-69, 71-77, 421-423, 425-430, T. McNulthy 97 75, 84, 546, 549, 550, 425, 431-440, 443, 456 Medunetzky 61 551,553, 560

608 Vera Molnar 169, 167-169, 338 John von Neumann 6,122,123,129,180, Am(~d~e Ozenfant 61, 64 Piet Mondrian 61, 64, 68, 166, 567 188,190,193-197, C.-L. de Montesquieu 157 193,194,224,238, P L.J. Mordell 248 246,262,270,283, Wolfgang Paalen 20 Jakob Levy Moreno 66, 67, 508, 529, 529, 284,289,294,299, Otto Paecht 473 530 304,307,307,323, Hermann J. Painitz 108, 109, 108, 109 C. Lloyd Morgan 471 326,338,350,368, Imre Pal 93, 118, 118 Oskar Morgenstern 6, 326, 368, 398, 398, 387,398,399,399, Gyula Pap 68, 69, 69, 71, 72, 74, 399, 401,403-405, 402-405,416-418, 77 407, 416 431,437,437,438, Victor Papanek 583, 583, 546 Charles William Morris 70, 460, 600 440,456 Georg Wilhelm Pabst 84, 532 William Morris 570 Vally Neumann 68 Nam June Paik 353, 355 Philip Marston Morse 255,288, 307 7 Muki Pakesch 356 Harry Mosely 435 7,59,109,265,418, Tibor Papp 339 Koloman Moser 33, 34, 38, 39, 48, 66, 421,422,456-460, Claude Parent 561 546 462,475,586,591- Rudolf Paris 73 Max Moswitzer 365 593,591-593 Blaise Pascal 157, 321,404, 494, 395 Gertrude Neuwirth 42,45,66 558 Otto Muehl 508, 537-539, 539, Joseph M. Newman 152 Gordon Pask 302 542 Isaac Newton 8,87,90,184,185, Louis Pasteur 161 Erich Mehsam 59, 60, 525 230,277,282,404, Gyula Pauer 560 Emil Meller 261 463 Wolfgang Pauli 190, 208-210, 208, Hermann J. Muller 198 Nikolau 313 209, 224, 259, 437 Robert Mulligan 152 Paul Nipkow 352 I.R Pavlov 327 A.H. Munsell 135 Hermann Nitsch 508, 537-539, 541, Sabine Payr 32 Gorham B. Munson 61 571 Giuseppe Peano 259 Cesare L. Musatti 24, 25, 25, 112 Georg NSbeling 263 Dagobert Peche 41, 66 Robert Musil 5, 421,422, 448 262 Max Pechstein 58 Daniel Muszka 306 Johannes Nohl 59 Josef Peeters 67 Eadweard J. Muybridge 18, 20, 152,341 Kenneth Noland 20 Max Peintner 127, 128, 127, 128, Mynona 529 Hermann Nothnagl 524 546, 569 Henri Nouveau 69,71,76,84 J0zsef Pelikan 250 n Martin Novak 417 Sylvia Penther 52 Josef Nadass 67 Aaron Novick 290 Jean Pecquet 557 Ernest Nagel 456 Lothar Nordheim 194 Roland Pereszl~nyi 504, 505, 504, 505 Pal Nagy 339 Hermann Nunberg 526,530 Laszl6 P(~ri 56, 57, 60, 61, 64, 68, Frieder Nake 342 Harry Nyquist 122 69, 72, 74, 74-76, 79, Gernot Nalbach 576, 577, 577 84 John E Nash 398, 399, 404, 405, o Goran Petercol 560 407, 408, 416 Oskar Obereder 365,365 Gabor Peterdi 70 Thomas Natschlager 334 M. Oberholzer-Gincburg 530 Walter Peterhans 77 Bruce Naumann 355 Oswald Oberhuber 418,491,492,493, Rudolf Petrik 495, 495 T.W. Naylor 18 493 Friederike Pezold 356 Fritzi Nechansky 50 Walter Obholzer 176,176 Franz Pfemfert 57 Antal Nemcsics 135, 136, 135, 136 William of Occam 403 Gert Pfurtscheller 356 Csaba Nemes 504, 505, 504, 505 E. Oeser 391 Helga Philipp 107, 107, 148 Tiham~r Nemes 294, 305, 305, 308- Mihai Olos 561 Jean Piaget 303 314, 308, 338 Paul Oppenheim 183 Francis Picabia 60, 67 Andor N~meth 60, 69 Robert Oppenheimer 289,440 41, 57, 58, 60, 67, Walther Nernst 288 Dezs50rban 57 131,131 Karl Neubacher 352, 356 Leslie Orgel 211 Walter Pichler 30, 30, 539, 546, 570, Elisabeth Neumann 523 Laurids Ortner 571,572,572 570, 571,577 Franz Neumann 423 Rudolf Ortvay 251 Otto Piene 70 Andreas Osiander 470 Charles S. Peirce 597, 600 Wilhelm Ostwald 105,135,422,435, Johanna Piesch 323 436 Gyula Pikler 439, 441 Karl Otten 57 Klaus Pinter 572 J.J.R Oud 60 Axel Pinz 331-333, 331 Craig Owens 504 Hans Pitsch 52

609 Walter Pitt 299, 335 r Heinrich Rickert 445 277, 288, 426, 463 Ferry Radax 143, 144, 142, 143, Marianne Rie 528 Josef Ferdinand Plateau 17 149 Rupert Riedl 391,392 Plato 157, 166, 298, 463 S~ndor Rad6 511,526, 530, 530 Alois Riegl 474 O. Plechl 323 Tibor Rado 244, 251 Georg Friedro Riemann 463 Georgij Plehanov 443 Johann Radon 238, 261,266, 267, Frigyes Riesz 238, 241,243-247, Pliny the Elder 157 269 243, 244, 251,258, Ernst Plischke 66 Gusztav Rados 241,248 306 Plotinus 157 Laszl6 Radvanyi 446, 449, 453 Rainer Maria Rilke 266, 525 Edgar A. Poe 229 Arnulf Rainer 570, 571 Arthur Rimbaud 477 Henri Poincar~ 234, 277, 422, 432, Oskar Rainer 90, 90 Alexander W. Rimington 87 457 L~szl6 Rajk 546, 559, 560, 561 Harald Rindler 261 Adolf Polanyi 442 F.E. Rakuschan 365, 365 Emma Rito6k 446, 452,453 John C. Pol~nyi 443 Rose Rand 456 Joan Riviere 528 Karoly Pol~nyi 418, 439, 441-443, Beate Rank 530, 530 Paul Roazen 532 441,446, 449 Otto Rank 530-532, 531 L.W. Rochowanski 40, 41, 45, 52, 66 Mih~ly Polanyi 201,206, 418, 422, R.A. Rankin 253 Alexandr Rodchenko 61, 64, 78 431,437, 438, 439, Raphael 158, 165, 165 H. Rodenberg 67 44 1, 442, 443, 446, Anatol Rapoport 376, 407, 408 Carl R. Rogers 525 449, 513 Kurt Rathe 67 Peter Mark Roget 17 Henry Otto Pollak 266 Floyd Ratliff 434 G~za R6heim 513, 515-519, 522, Gybrgy P61ya 238, 245, 246, 245, Maria Ratner 251 532 246, 260, 307, 418, LaszIb Ratz 437 Karl Peter Rbhl 67 441,442, 442 Man Ray 61, 91 Hubert Rohracher 27 Lev. S. Pontrjagin 259 John Rawls 406, 410 Alfred Roller 41, 66 Joseph Popper-Lynkeus 535 Ronald Reagan 440 Rolling Stones 577 Karl Popper 25, 392, 399, 409, Adolf Rehne 60 Giulio Romano 571 418, 421-423, 456, Wilhelm Reich 508, 513, 517, 530, Franklin D. Roosevelt 289, 431,440 467-469, 469, 472, 531,531,533 Arturo Rosenblueth 299, 440 473, 480 Hans Reichenbach 422, 456 Otto E. Rbssler 187-189, 190, 218- Leo Popper 418, 441,444, 455, Heinz Reichenfelser 51, 66 219, 218, 220, 220 455 Fritz Reichsfeld 58 Erna Rosenbaum 208 Bertalan P6r 57, 69 Kurt Reidemeister 238, 255, 259, 263, Roszanova 61 Odbn P6r 442 265 Peter R6sza 122 Paul Pbrtner 529 Berta Reidinger 44 Rent~ Roth 372, 373 Lajos Pbsa 250 Theodore Reik 531,531 Ernst Rothauser 324 Harald A. Posch 10 Emil Adolph Reinhardt 529 Irma Rothbart 450 Helen Post 44 Hansi Reismayer 66 Mark Rotho 20, 21 Emile Leon Post 468 Johanna Reismayer-Fritsche 41, 52, 66 Lillian Rotter 517, 518 Emily Price Post 44 Hans Reiter 261 Ern6 Rubik 238, 275, 276, 276 Nicolas Poussin 561 L. Reiter 27, 27 E. Rubin 26 Markus Prachensky 570 Robert Reiter 58, 69 57 Enrico Prampolini 58, 66, 67, 67, 68 Denise Rent~ 69 Bernard Rudofsky 585, 585 Ludwig Prandtl 432, 433 Alfred R~nyi 246-248, 246-248, Constanze Ruhm 355, 356, 501,501 Aino Prethaler 483 250, 284, 532 Gerhard ROhm 59, 142, 143, 418, Ilya Prigogine 32 Alfred Reth 69 481,481,483, 486, Antoine Prinner 69 M6r Rethy 238, 241 484-487 Wolf-Dieter Prix 572, 578 Franz Reuleaux 371 Carl Runge 246 Franz Probst 68 R. Ludwig Reutterer 42, 66 Bertrand Russell 260, 270, 271,302, Carl Pruscha 576, 577 Jbzsef R~vai 447, 450 422, 457, 463 Ursula POhringer 356 Pierre Reverdy 60, 67 Semich ROsten 73 Walter M. POhringer 574 Gcaza Rc~vc~sz 446, 450, 526, 532 Ernest Rutherford 435 Ivan Puni 60, 82 L~szl6 Rc~vc~sz 339 Gybrgy Ruttkay 57, 69 N. Punin 61 Gilbert Reyle 471 Walther Ruttmann 348 Martin Puryear 560 Georg J. Rheticus 470 T.A. Ryan 25 John Richards 32 q Hans Richter 60, 61, 67, 84 S Isidor Quartner 529 Else von Richthofen 525 Eliel Saarinen 564 Willard Van Orman Quine 458 Frieda von Richthofen 525 Hanns Sachs 521,531,532, 532

610 Isidor Sadgers 527, 531 Erwin SchrOdinger 188, 190, 198-207, Michael Snow 141 Carl Sagan 189 198-200, 21 I, 224, Anne Solomon 522 Manfred Sakel 527, 528 225, 226, 277, 284, Leon V. Solon 564 Andre Salomon 58 288, 401,405 Jerzy Soltan 557 Salz der Erde 574 Friedrich Schumann 23, 29, 29 Werner Sombart 478 H. Samelson 255 Wilhelm Schuppe 463 Christa Sommerer 356,368,388,389, Arthur Samuels 328 Ingrid Schuppan 483 388,389,395 Peter Sandbichler 355 Michael Schuster 352,407 Arnold Sommerfeld 208,405 R.N. Sandford 26 Peter Schuster 392,401,408, 411, Hugo Sonnenschein 66,529 RenE Sarger 557 417 Philippe Soupault 67 Jean-Paul Sartre 477 Margarete SchQtte-Lihotzky 4 Vera T. SOs 254 Ferdinand de Saussure 108,467, 597 Schwartz 71, 77 Francisco de Sousa Webber 364 Marcel Sauvage 58, 60 H.A. Schwarz 245, 265 Ferenc Spangher 57 Fritz Saxl 473 Rudolf Schwarzkogler 537, ~43 Ernst Specker 255 Franz Scala 68 Christoph Schwiedernoch 324 Christoph Spengemann 60 J~nos Schadl 57 Kurt Schwitters 60, 61, 66, 67, 89 Oswald Spengler 8 Reinhard Schairer 61 Dana Scott 406 ManEs Sperber 521 Hans Scharoun 561 Alexander N. Scriabin 87 Sol Spiegelman 411 Xanti Schawinski 66, 70, 529 John R. Searle 471 Hilde Spiel 261 Romana Scheffknecht 356 Thomas A. Sebeok 586, 600, 601,600, RenE Spitz 446, 450 Hugo Scheiber 69 601 Hugo Spitzer 26 Friedrich W. Schelling 463,474 Istv~n Seb0k 72, 75, 84 Daniel Spoerri 395 Hans Scheugl 147, 149, 149 R. Seeley 255 Paul Stackel 243 Wilhelm Schickard 321 Arthur Segal 84 Maria Luzia Stadlmayer-Bieber 36 Egon Schiele 58, 61,142, 537 G. Segal 255 Josip Stalin 123, 253, 297 Paul Schilder 531,533 E. SegrE 435 Simon Stampfer 17, 17, 20 Alfons Schilling 12, 29, 30, 30, 125- Irma Seidler 444 J. Stasheff 255 127, 125, 126, 148 Atle Selberg 248 Station Rose 356 Anna Schlamadinger 446,446 Wilfried Sellars 422 Jack E. Steele 372 Oskar Schlemmer 60, 72, 74 Peter Sellers 307 Norman Steenrod 255 Karl Schlesinger 402 Reinhard Selten 398, 404, 407, 408 Henrik Stef~n 68, 71-73 Lajos Schlesinger 241 Otto Selz 22 Wolfgang Stegm011er 421,422 Moritz Schlick 208, 261,262, 421, A. Sens 410 Dominik Steiger 418, 500, 500 422, 456-458, 462, Walter Serner 59 William Stein 26 463, 464, 475, 523 J. R Serre 255 Karl Steiner 546, 562 Frieda Schloffer 525 Elisabeth Severn 513 Wilhelm Stekel 508, 533, 533, 535 Julius von Schlosser 27, 473-475 Michel Seuphor 67, 68 Stelarc 364 Werner Schmeiser 356 Claude Shannon 27, 119, 122, 234, Varvara Stepanova 67 Leopold Schmetterer 261 283,323, 327 Elza Stephani 446 Arno Schmidt 345 Arnold Shapiro 255 Edita Sterba 533, 533 Arthur R Schmidt 187-189 George Bernard Shaw 57 Richard Sterba 522, 533 Ernst Schmidt jr. 143, 149, 149 Peter Shor 188 D. Sterenberg 61, 79 Kurt Schmidt 73, 74 Waclaw Sierpinski 259 O. Stevens 97 Wolfgang M. Schmidt 238, 269, 269 Karl Sigmund 261,392,401,407, Friedrich St.Florian 546, 575, 575 N. Schmiedeberg 519 417 Gerfried Stocker 354, 356 Friedrich Schnack 529 Paul Signac 20 Otto Stoessl 529 Miriam SchnalbeI-H0fflich 67 Hermann SimbOck 574 Ernst StOhr 34 Ruth Schnell 190, 223, 223, 353, Georg Simmel 444, 478 Aurel Stodola 308 356 Andor Simon 70 Leopold Stolba 34 Arthur Schnitzler 300 Jolc~n Simon 70 Adolf Josef Storfer 533, 534 Eugene Schoen 564 Charles Simonyi 306, 351 Alix Strachey 528 Nicolas Sch6ffer 16, 32, 69, 94, 100, K~roly Simonyi 351 Oskar Strand 66 101,100, 101,138, Franz Singer 546, 562 Henry Strapp 188 294, 315, 316, 315- Izz Singer 255 Fritz Strassmann 439 317, 315-317, 546 Ervin Sink6 446, 447 Georges Stratton 27 Heinrich Scholz 475 Naum Slutzki 68 Adolf Josef Storfer 515, 520 Arnold Sch6nberg 141 Adam Smith 405 August Strache 59 Arthur Schopenhauer 157,494 John Maynard Smith 211 August Stramm 58 Lothar Schreyer 73 Marian v. Smoluchowski 285 Hans Stuckenschmidt 67

611 Carl Stumpf 22,23,25 Ede Teller 123,224,289,289, Joseph Urban 546, 564 Janos Sugar 190,231,231,339 418,431,438-440, Harold C. Uray 288 Patrick Suppes 406 439 Pavel Urysohn 259 Hans Suschny 67,69 Georg Teltscher 66,67,73 J6zsef S0tak 248 Margit T~ry-Adler 68,71,71,72 v Emanuel Swedenborg 105 Nikola Tesla 4 Lajos Vajda 70 Helmut Swiczinsky 572,578 Thai 71 Sandor Vajda 70 John L. Sygne 255 Thales of Miletus 187,463 Paul Valery 100 Tibor Szalai 546,559,561 Hans Thirring 224,230,269 Gyula valji 241 Dezs5 Szab6 57 Walter Thirring 182,183,190,211, Sandor Varjas 446, 452 Ervin Szabo 441,442,446,450, 211,224,284 Tibor Vamos 339 452 Gerhardt Thomsen 265 Laszl6 Varj0 311 Sandor Szalay 338,341,395 D'Arcy E. Thompson 158,387 Claire Vasarely 98 Maria Szant6 45 William Thurston 11 12, 16, 32, 57, 60, 69, Pcater Szarka 340 Heinrich Tietze 258,258,261,264 70, 77, 94, 98, 99, 98, Janos Saxon szasz 178,178 LaDs Tihanyi 55,57,66,69,70,70 99, 164, 164, 546 Pal Szasz 251 N.V. Timofeeff 198 Woody Vasulka 30 Thomas S. Szasz 22,534,534 Norbert Tinbergen 28 Endre Vazsonyi 248 ErSs Szathmany 417 Istvan Tisza 58 O. Veblen 262 Gyula Szava 338,339,344,344 John Todd 262 Henry van de Velde 570 Zoltan Szegedy-Maszak 340 Otto Toeplitz 246 Emil Verhaeren 57 Gabor Szeg5 246 Edward Chase Tolman 27,473 Dziga Vertov 92, 143, 144, 146 Gy6rgy Szeg5 245 Charles de Tolnay 446,447,449,453 Herbert Vesely 143, 143 Gy6rgy Szekeres 248,254 Leo Tolstoy 466 A. Vesnin 67 Vera Sz~kely 560 Kata T6szegh 529 LaszI6 Vidovszky 339, 344 Olga Sz~kely-Kovacs 535 Imre Toth 243 Leopold Vietoris 238, 260, 261,261, Andras Szemer~di 248 LaszI6 T6th 131 263, 264, 263, 264 Albert Szent-Gy6rgyi 122,368,392,393, Ern5 Tolvaly 506 Jean Vignot 6 392 Gertrude Tomaschek 53 Leonardo da Vinci 132, 157, 371,416 Jan6s Szentagothai 32,246 Stephen Toulmin 422 Paul Virilio 561 P~ter Sz~pfalussy 284 Georg Trakl 143 Vitruvius 157, 166, 326, 570 Leo Szilard 122,123,204,207, Jan Trapman 557 Voyticky 59 238,241,283,285- Alexandre Trauner 4,70 Paul de Vree 83 290,285,288-290, /~goston Trefort 241 292,293,304,418, Ernst Troeltsch 445,478 w 431,438-440,439 Tamas Trombitas 560 Arye Wachsmuth 356 Kalman Szilly 241 67,443 Simon Wachsmuth 353, 356 Janos Szirtes 504 Harry Truman 399 Otto Erich Wagner 37, 40, 51, 42, 45, 62, Emil Szittya 57,59 Csaba Tubak 140,140 71 Bg~la SzSkefalvi-Nagy 244,247,247,248 Pal Turan 248,249,254,254 Otto Wagner 570 Lip6t Szondi 6,30,30,144,395, Alan Turing 122,280,306,387, Richard Wagner 475 508,514,534,534 468 Julius Wagner-Jauregg 524, 533 Michael Szyszkowitz 576 Herwig Turk 233,233 Matta Wagnest 353 P~ter T0rk 174,175,174,175, W. Wainwright 97 t 338 Friedrich Waismann 422, 456, 457,462, Alexander Tairoff 67 Christopher W. Tyler 29,30,126 523 Vasilikas Takis 97 Tristan Tzara 61,66,67 Abraham Wald 122, 238, 259-261, Fox Talbot 91 259, 267, 402 J.D. Tamarkin 246 u Herwarth Walden 64, 67, 84 Rezs6 Tarjan 305 Jakob von Uexk011 28,600 Tamas Waliczky 294, 339, 348, 348 Alfred Tarski 251,456 B~la Uitz 45,46,48,49,57,58, Ralph T. Walker 564 Vladimir Tatlin 61,79,560 60,61,62,66,68,69, Hans Wallach 25, 25 Alfred Tauber 238,261,267 70 W. Grey Walter 306, 309, 327 C. Taubes 255 Erzs~bet 0jvari 70 William Walton 97 Sophie Tauber 68 Stanislav Ulam 122,387,416,417 Otto Warburg 522 Victor Tausk 508,534 Marianne UIImann 41,66 Andy Warhol 577 Olga Taussky-Todd 238,257,262,262, Otto Umbehr 73 Jakob Wassermann 66, 529 456 Jean Umiker-Sebeok 600 Francis Watson 199 Bruno Taut 72,561 Franz Urbach 90 James Watt 308

612 Paul Watzlawick 32, 294 238, 256, 256, 258, Linda R. Waugh 597 261,262, 265, 269 Alfred Weber 445 Stephan Witasek 23 Max Weber 423, 445, 478, 525 E. Witmer 160 Anton von Webern 141,142, 144 Fritz Wittels 535, 535 Peter Weibel 30, 149, 149, 150, E. Witten 255 150, 151,187-189, Ludwig Wittgenstein 38, 59, 109, 142, 157, 218-219, 218, 220, 270, 300, 322, 325, 221,222,222, 274, 418, 421-423, 427, 274, 294, 355, 356, 456-459, 463-467, 356, 418, 497, 497, 465 502, 503, 502, 503, Alfred Wolfenstein 529 508, 537, 539, 539, Robert Jay Wolff 78 559 Manfred Wolff-Plottegg 546, 581,582, 581, Felix Jos~ Weil 519 582 Max Weimar 26 Heinrich Wblfflin 478 Steven Weinberg 277, 281 Lewis Wolpert 211 Tibor Weiner 71, 77 Andras Wolsky 395, 396, 396 Andor Weininger 68, 69, 71-75, 74, 84, Fritz Wotruba 570, 570 546, 549, 550, 554, Anni Wottitz 68 560 Franz Wrangler 67 Trude Weisfeld 522 Sewall Wright 411,412 Edoardo Weiss 24, 524, 535, 535 Franz M. Wuketits 391,392 Ernst Weiss 66, 529 O. Wulff 131 Victor E Weisskopf 190, 210, 224, 224, Wilhelm Wundt 424, 463 288 Erwin Wurm 356 Carl Fr. von Weizsacker 596 Egon Wellesz 529 x Franz Werfel 66, 529 Franz Xaver 294, 356, 365, 365 Heinz Werner 26 Max Wertheimer 17, 23, 24, 26 y Tibor Weszely 243 You never know 356 Hermann Weyl 154, 157, 160, 246, 255, 258, 307 z Charles Wheatstone 29, 92 B~la Zalai 418, 424, 424, 451 William Whewell 422, 429 Frank Zappa 577 Don White 126 Anton Zeilinger 10, 190, 212-217, 212 Alfred North Whitehead 260, 270, 457 Heinz Zemanek 294, 321,325, 329 Walt Whitman 57 Zeno 463 Norbert Wiener 32, 122, 137, 267, Ernst Zermelo 258 294, 297-300 Frederick Zeuthen 405 Oswald Wiener 30, 32, 142, 146, 150, FritzZeymer 38 151,418, 481-483, Edgar Zilsel 184, 185, 418, 422, 481,482, 484, 539, 456, 462, 474-476 539 John Ziman 422 Grete Wiesenthal 300 Karl Zimmer 198 Eugene P. Wigner 122, 154, 160, 190, WalterZinn 288 224, 224, 289, 289, Emile Zola 58 304, 418, 431,437, Z0nd up 574, 574, 577 437, 438, 440 Zyperowitch 67 J~nos Wilde 446 Billy Wilder 4, 70, 535 Maurice Wilkins 199 E. Williams 497 William Carlos Williams 61 E.O. Wilson 2 C.H. Wind 434 Winnik 518 Aurel Wintner 248

613 Text credits Photo credits Cover images

a bis z, 3/22, 1932, p. 88; Berenyi, pp. 54, 56; Dieter Bogner, pp. 1 perception~movement Artforum, Feb. 1996, p. 82; art intact 565-567; Karin Buol, 582; Attila Csaji, Laszl6 Moholy-Nagy, Light Requisite, 3. CD-ROM magazine of interactiv art, pp. 137-139; Attila Cs~rg~, p. 229, 1930 ZKM Karlsruhe, Cantz, 1996, pp. 85- 230; G0nther Dolc/Foto Atelier, p. 111; Replica from 1970 89; bit international 7, Zagreb 1971, Hargittai, pp. 160-163; Franz Hub- pp. 111-118; BLIMR magazine for film, mann, p. 324; Laszl6 Hafts, p. 174; 2 symmetry~symmetry breaking 16, spring 1991, pp. 41-42; BLIMP. J6zsa, p. 386; N~dor Katalin, p. 27; Istvan Hargittai, Zoomtool model of magazine for film,. 22/23, spring Klomfar & Sengm011er,, p. 365; the Buckminsterfulleren C6o 1993, p. 10.; Camera Inter- Kunsthalle, Vienna, p. 557; Laszl6 Lel- (1996 Nobel Prize for Chemistry) national, 46, 1994, pp. 3-9; Cam- kes, p. 507; Laszl6 Lugosi Lugo, p. 507; era Austria, International, 49, Graz D6ra Maurer, p. 507; Mr~vikn~, p. 100; 3 measurement~observation 1994, pp. 33-44; Camera Austria Inter- Museum van Hegendaagse Kunst, Quantum formula by Ernst national, 54, Graz 1996, pp. 41-55; Antwerp, p. 507; Attila Nemeth, p. Schr6dinger, Wolfgang Pauli, and Comp. & Maths. with Appls., vol. 12B, 345; R~zs6, p. 386; J6zsef Rosta, pp. John yon Neumann 1/2, 1986, p. 301; Comp. & Maths. 81,338, 382-384, 446; Mikl6s Sulyok, with Appls., vol. 12B, 1/2, 1986, pp. pp. 559-561; Karoly Szel~nyi, p. 558; 4 ~physics 291-301; De Stijl, vol. IV, 10, 1921; Maria Szenczi, p. 561; Franz Scha- Kurt G6del, c. 1931 Die Form, 5, 11/12, 1930, pp. chinger, p. 104, 105; Sammlung John 297-298; Enigma, 1995/2; Factotum Axelrod, p. 563; Margherita Spiluttini, 5 cybernetics~computer science/ Art, /1, 1977, p. 47; Giornale di p. 572, 573; Technical Museum, Vien- computer art Psicologia, vol. XX, 5, Dec. 1993, pp. na, p. 325; Janos Vet6, p. 545; Ter- Heinz Zemanek, URR 1, 1954 879-891; Leonardo, vol. 18, 3, 1985, m~szet Vilaga, pp. 242, 244, 247; Model of a relay machine pp. 179-183; Leonardo, vol. 25, 1, W6rsching, Starnberg, p. 88. 1992, pp. 23-28; MA, 8/1, Vienna 6 evolution theory~system 1922; Mikrosz~mft6g~p Magazin, theory~game theory 1994; Mitteilungen des All other materials reproduced here I~tienne B~othy, S6rie d'or, 1949 Audiovisuellen Zentrums und der ars were provided by the artists, or else intermedia, 1, Palais Attems, Graz were taken from the archives of the 7 theory of science~art theory 1976, pp. 2-4; Nova acta Leopoldina authors. If we have unintentionally fail- Mikl6s Erd~ly, Klein Bottle, c. 1975 NF 60, nr. 265, 1989, pp. 71-73; Pari- ed to acquire the rights to any material, siens Hongrois, Revue d'art, 21, Paris please do not hesitate to contact the 8 psychoanalysis/actionism 1994/1, pp. 15-16; Robert Slater, editor. G0nter Brus, Strangulation, 1968 Portraits in Silicon, MIT Press, 1987, pp. 241-249; Scientific American, vol. 9 vision/deconstruction 234, Apr. 1976, pp. 48-52; Symmetry, Coop Himmelb(I)au, Cloud II, vol. 1, 1, 1990, pp. 23-26; Symmetry, 1968-72 vol. 4, 1, 1993, pp. 50-68; The Mathe- matical Intelligence, vol. 18, 4, 10 visual communication Springer, New York 1966, pp. 1-4; Otto Neurath, Isotype graphic Zeitschrift f~ir Physik, vol. 53, 1929, Viennese method of pictorial pp. 840-856; Zeitschrift 92 - aktuelle statistics, developed since 1925 Kunst aus Osterreich, BMUK (ed.), Vienna 1992.

All other texts are -if not indicated otherwise - original essays from 1996 to 2005.

614 Lenders to the exhibition

Collection Peter AIImayer-Beck,Vienna Collection Oskar Beckmann, St. P61ten LaszI6 Beke, Budapest Bild- und Tonarchiv am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz Collection Bogner, Vienna C 3 Center for Culture & Communication, Budapest EA-Generali Foundation, Vienna Foundation Mikl6s Erd~ly, Budapest Fachbibliothek f0r Mathematik, Statistik und Informatik, Sandor Ferenczi EgyesQlet, Budapest Galerie Fotohof, Salzburg FSv~rosi K~pt~r, Budapest (Sammlung L~szI6 Carl) Georg Geyer, Vienna Istvan Haraszty, Budapest Archive of the Academy for Applied Arts, Vienna Collection Hummel, Vienna Intermedia Institute, Academy of Fine Arts, Budapest Vienna Circle Institute Ingrid Kaitna, Vienna Gy6rgy Kepes, Vizu~lis K6zpont, Eger Eckehart K6hler, Vienna I~va K6rner, Budapest Gy6z6 Kov~cs, Budapest Kulturabteilung der Stadt Wien, Vienna Landesbibliothek, Graz Gy6rgy Lukacs Archiv, Budapest Magyar Fotografiai MOzeum, Kecskem~t Magyar Nemzeti Gal~ria, Budapest Ferenc M6ra MOzeum, Szeged Museum moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig, Vienna Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz Amt der NO Landesregierung ORF, Vienna Orsz~gos M6szaki MOzeum, Budapest Ingeborg Orthofer, Graz Janus Pannonius M~zeum, P~cs Mikl6s Peternak, Budapest Sandor Pet6fi Museum, Budapest Franz Pichler, Ern6 Rubik Studio, Budapest Graphische Sammlung Rupertinum, Salzburg L. Schmetterer, Vienna Hans Schmid Privatstiftung, Vienna Gyula Staar, Budapest Michael St61tzner, Vienna Studi~ Tommaseo, Trieste Szent Istv~n Kir~ly M~zeum, Sz~kesfeh~rv~r Sz~pm0v~szeti MOzeum, Budapest Szombathelyi K~pt~r, Szombathely Universit~tsbibliothek, KarI-Franzens University, Graz Anton Zeilinger, Zentralbibliothek f0r Physik, Vienna and the artists

615 Beyond Art - the exhibition Beyond Art - the book

Curator Editor Peter Weibel Peter Weibel Center for Art and Media Technology, Karlsruhe, Scientific support Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Austria L~szlb Beke, Dbra Hegyi, Gybrgy Kampis, Miklbs Petern~k (Budapest) Nadja Rottner, Christa Steinle (Graz) Original title: Jenseits von Kunst Michael St61tzner (Vienna) 91997 Passagen Verlag, Vienna

A co-operation of Neue Galerie Graz and This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the Ludwig Museum Budapest whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of trans- as a contribution to the Austrian millenium lation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by and the Hungarian Millecentenarium 1996 photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks.

Commissioned by Katalin N~ray, Ludwig Museum Budapest Product Liability: The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this and Elisabeth Mach, Austrian Cultural Institut, Budapest publication does not imply, even in the absence of specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

17110 - 23/11, 1996 92005 Springer-Verlag/Wien a mdveszeten tdl Printed in Austria Ludwig Museum Budapest C3 Center for Culture & Communication, Budapest SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science + Business Media spri ngeron li ne.com 07/02 - 30/03, 1997 Jenseits von Kunst Editorial assistance Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Austria Nadja Rottner; Dbra Hegyi, Miklbs Petern~k, Christa Steinle, Michael Stbltzner 19/09 - 06/12, 1998 Voorbij de kunst Copy-editors MUKHA- MUseum van Hedendaagse Kunst, Antwerp, Belgium Allison Plath-Moseley, Berlin, and Paul Rieder, New York

Exhibition design Biographies Manfred Wolff-Plottegg Elisabeth Brunner, Gabriele Gmeiner, Kata Krasznahorkai, Katrin Klautzer, Elisabeth Leinfellner

Sponsored by" Translations Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna Lajos Adamik, Istv~n Bal~zs, I~va Bicskei, Krisztina Bogn~r, Attila Danka, Ministry for Science, Traffic, and Art, Vienna Erika Doucette, Thomas Gradwohl, Z~na EI-Hassan, Georgette BKA, Vienna Hauzenberger, #va Hollbsi, Gy6rgy Kampis, P~ter Litv~n, Madeleine Austrian Cultural Institute, Budapest Mer~n, Zsuzsanna Mitr6s, M. Namenwirth, Borb~la Nagy, Edina Gabriella Kulturreferat der Steierm&rkischen Landesregierung, Graz Nagy, M~rta Nagy, Mikl6s R~dei, Lisa Rosenblatt, A. Sackx, R6bert Schiller, Ludwig Stiftung, Sabine Schmidt, G~za and Hannelore Schmbr, Ildik6 Tak~cs, G~bor Wolf, Ministery for Culture and Education, Hungary yplus, Graz, Bal~zs Zay Rudi Roth, Consul of the Republic of Hungary, Graz Sky High, Antwerp Index doka, Graz Karin Buol-Wischenau

Graphic design Peter Weibel

Layout Christian Bretter, Karin Buol-Wischenau, Nadja Rottner

Typesetting Karin Buol-Wischenau

Photos Johann Koinegg

Repros Kufferath, Graz-Vienna; Reprozentrum Klagenfurt

Printed by Universit~tsdruckerei Klampfer, Weiz-Graz-Klagenfurt

Cover Subjective contour by Gaetano Kanizsa, 1955

Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper

A~ ~ Neue Galerie Graz SPIN: 11389774 am Landesmuseum Joanneum With numerous figures Sackstral3e 16, A-8010 Graz t +43-316-829155/f +43-316-815401 Library of Congress Control Number: 2005922823 [email protected] ,KUNST www.neuegalerie.at ISBN-10 3-211-24562-6SpringerWienNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-211-24562-0SpringerWienNewYork

616