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PETZVAL's LENS and CAMERA by Rudolf Kingslake
PETZVAL'S LENS AND CAMERA by Rudolf Kingslake Joseph Max Petzval was born on January 6, 1807, in Hungary of German parentage; he died 84 years later in September 1891. Being a member of the mathematics faculty of the University of Vienna, he naturally approached the problem of lens design from a mathematical rather than from an empir ical standpoint, which probably accounted in part for his suc cess. He actually designed two lenses in 1839, the Portrait lens which he immediately commissioned P. F. von Voigtlander to make, and the Orthoscopic lens which was not manufactured T THE OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT of the Daguerreotype until 1856. Petvzal's interest in optics continued throughout the A process in 1839, Austria was represented by Professor A. rest of his life, and he reported in 1843 that "by order of the F. von Ettingshausen. He was so impressed with the possibilities General-Director Archduke Ludwig, he was assisted in his of photography that upon his return to Vienna, he induced his calculations for several years by two officers and eight friend and colleague the mathematician Joseph Petzval to undertake the design of a wide-aperture lens suitable for por traiture. Petzval, then 33 years old, devoted himeslf enthusiasti cally to the problem and was amazingly successful. He used a well-corrected telescope objective the right way round for his front component, and added an airspaced doublet behind it, the rear doublet being mathematically designed to give sharp de finition and to flatten the field. The formula was handed to the old-established Viennese optician Voigtlander, who first supplied the lens to a focal length of 150 mm and an aperture of f/3.6, mounted in a conical metal camera having a circular ground-glass focusing screen 94 mm diameter with a focusing magnifier permanently installed behind it. -
Mathematics in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire
Mathematics in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire Christa Binder The appointment policy in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire In: Martina Bečvářová (author); Christa Binder (author): Mathematics in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Proceedings of a Symposium held in Budapest on August 1, 2009 during the XXIII ICHST. (English). Praha: Matfyzpress, 2010. pp. 43–54. Persistent URL: http://dml.cz/dmlcz/400817 Terms of use: © Bečvářová, Martina © Binder, Christa Institute of Mathematics of the Czech Academy of Sciences provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use. This document has been digitized, optimized for electronic delivery and stamped with digital signature within the project DML-CZ: The Czech Digital Mathematics Library http://dml.cz THE APPOINTMENT POLICY IN THE AUSTRIAN- -HUNGARIAN EMPIRE CHRISTA BINDER Abstract: Starting from a very low level in the mid oft the 19th century the teaching and research in mathematics reached world wide fame in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire before World War One. How this was complished is shown with three examples of careers of famous mathematicians. 1 Introduction This symposium is dedicated to the development of mathematics in the Austro- Hungarian monarchy in the time from 1850 to 1914. At the beginning of this period, in the middle of the 19th century the level of teaching and researching mathematics was very low – with a few exceptions – due to the influence of the jesuits in former centuries, and due to the reclusive period in the first half of the 19th century. But even in this time many efforts were taken to establish a higher education. -
01-00C Welcome to Hungary – Paks
12th FPGA workshop | Monday, 14 October 2019 Welcome to Hungary Gyula Mate Mach, Project supervisor Welcome to Hungary | Gyula Máté Mach The country The country 3 Monday, 14 October 2019 About the country • Hungary, in Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] is a country in Central Europe • Spanning 93,030 square kilometers (35,920 sq mi) in the Carpathian Basin • Hungary's population was 9,937,628 was in 2011 • 13 million speakers of Hungarian • Hungarian is one of 5 Most Difficult Languages in the World to Learn (Japanese, Mandarin, Hungarian, Finnish, Arabic, Polish) • Hungary's capital and largest city is Budapest 4 Monday, 14 October 2019 The origin of the country • Hungary was established in 895 by the tribes • In 1001 applying to Pope Sylvester II, Stephen received the insignia of royalty (including a part of the Holy Crown of Hungary, currently kept in the Hungarian Parliament) from the papacy 5 Monday, 14 October 2019 Memberships • United Nations since 1955 • IAEA since 1957 • World Bank since 1982 • Council of Europe since 1990 • Visegrád Group since 1991 • WTO since 1995 • NATO since 1999 • EU since 2004 • Schengen Area since 2007 6 Monday, 14 October 2019 Welcome to Hungary | Gyula Máté Mach Hungarian Nobel prize owners Nobels (13) • Philipp E. A. von Lenard (1862-1947) 1905 Physics • Robert Bárány (1876-1936) 1914 Medicine • Richard A. Zsigmondy (1865-1929) 1925 Chemistry • Albert von Szent-Györgyi (1893-1986) 1937 Medicine • George de Hevesy (1885-1966) 1943 Chemistry • Georg von Békésy (1899-1972) 1961 Medicine • Eugene P. Wigner (1902-1995) 1963 Physics • Dennis Gabor (1900-1979) 1971 Physics • John C. -
The Search for Christian Doppler
meeting summary Report from the International Workshop on Remote Sensing in Geophysics Using Doppler Techniques* Arnaldo Brandolini,a+ Ben B. Balsley,b# Antonio Mabres,c# Ronald F. Woodman,d# Carlo Capsoni,3 Michele D'Amico,3 Warner L. Ecklund,e Tor Hagfors/ Robert Harper^ Malcolm L. Heron,h Wayne K. Hocking; Markku S. Lehtinen; Jurgen Rottger,k Martin F. Sarango,d Torn Sato,1 Richard J. Stauch,m J. M. Vaughn," Lucy R. Wyatt,0 and Dusan S. Zrnic? 1. Introduction (A. Brandolini, B. Balsley, in different application areas of Doppler remote sens- A. Mabres, R. Woodman) ing. Actually, Doppler remote sensing is employed in a wide range of applications, from atmospheric bound- The International Workshop on Remote Sensing in ary layer sensing to wind profiling, from sea surface Geophysics Using Doppler Techniques was held on 11- sensing to radar astronomy. Such different applications 15 March 1996 in Bellagio, Italy, at the Rockefeller face different challenges, which sometimes lead to Study and Conference Center. Supported by the development of very different techniques. Rockefeller Foundation, the workshop brought to- In the organizers' opinion, a discussion of such gether a small number of expert researchers working techniques between researchers working in different application areas could be both interesting and useful. *Organized by the Department of Electrical Engineering of In particular, ideas of signal-processing techniques Politecnico di Milano. could be profitably exchanged. The purpose of the +Workshop organizing committee. workshop was in fact to provide a forum where such aPolitecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. a discussion could take place. bUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado. -
The History of Petzval Lenses 11-06-11 14:43
The history of Petzval Lenses 11-06-11 14:43 Antique & Classic Cameras Home Blog Camera Appraisals Rolleiflex Rolleicords Rolleiflex Buying Tip Leica M Lenses 50 Summicron-M Lenses 35 Summicron-M Lenses Leica 28mm M-Lenses Most Watched Leica Leica M Cameras Leica Screw Lenses Leica Screw Cameras Leica Lens Reviews Leica R Lenses Sonnar Lens Petzval Lens Soft Focus Lenses Soft Focus Lenses 2 Soft Focus Lenses 3 Soft Focus Lens Sales Soft Focus Lens Test Heliar Lenses Canon RF Lens Canon 50mm F/1.2 LTM Canon RF Cameras Fuji 6x7 & 6x9 Fuji 645 Cameras Hasselblad 6x6 Hasselblad C Lenses Pentax 6x7 Lenses Ricohflex Nikon RF Lens Zeiss Contax RF Lens Contax G Lens Super Ikonta Minolta-35 RF Pentax M42 Lens Bokeh Fuji 617 Olympus Stylus Epic 1890 Lens Catalogue 1892 Steinheil Lens Ads 1892 Zeiss Lens Ads 1904 Dallmeyer Lens Ads 1904 Busch Lens Ads 1904 Goerz Lens Ads Antique Wood Cameras Photographers 1860-1900 1857 CC Harrison Lens Harrison Globe Lens 1871 Camera Catalog 1883 Blair Envelope 1895 Sunart Camera 1910 Premo Catalog 1848-1875 Advertisements Camera Books Most Watched Lens Vade Mecum Links Contact Us About Us Morgan Low Ball Dollars Petzval Portrait Lenses and Their History Daguerre announced his process to the world on August 19, 1839. The original Daguerre & Giroux Camera utilized a lens designed and manufactured by Charles Chevalier, celebrated microscope maker and son of Vincent Chevalier who founded their optical business in France. The Chevalier 16-inch telescope objective was comprised of a cemented doublet and was achromatic. The lens, which covered a whole plate, had a working aperture of f/17, and suffered from considerable spherical abberations. -
© 2018 IEEE. Personal Use of This Material Is Permitted. Permission
© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING, VOL. XX, NO. XX, XXX 2018 1 Evaluation of the Concept of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming of Light Field Video Peter A. Kara, Member, IEEE, Aron Cserkaszky, Member, IEEE, Maria G. Martini, Senior Member, IEEE, Attila Barsi, Laszl´ o´ Bokor, Member, IEEE, Tibor Balogh, Member, IEEE Abstract—Light field visualization has progressed and devel- oped significantly in the past years. At the time of this paper, light field displays are utilized in the industry and they are commercially available as well. Although their appearance on the consumer market is approaching, many potential applications of light field technology have not yet been addressed, such as video streaming. In this paper, we present our research on the dynamic adaptive streaming of light field video. In order to evaluate the presented concept of quality switching, we carried out a series of subjective tests, where test participants were shown light field videos containing stallings and switches in spatial and angular resolution. Index Terms—Light field visualization, Quality of Experience, Fig. 1. Experimental telepresence on a HoloVizio 721RC [5]. video streaming, spatial resolution, angular resolution, stalling. is also promising for the head-up displays of land and air I. INTRODUCTION vehicles, and flight safety and efficiency in air traffic controls HE visual experience provided by light field displays can be further increased through the easily observable real T enables a natural sense of 3D, as no special glasses or spatial position of aircrafts. -
Multinuclear MRS at 7T Uncovers Exercise Driven Differences in Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism Between Young and Seniors
fphys-11-00644 June 29, 2020 Time: 12:36 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 29 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00644 Multinuclear MRS at 7T Uncovers Exercise Driven Differences in Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism Between Young and Seniors Patrik Krumpolec1,2†, Radka Klepochová1†, Ivica Just1, Marjeta Tušek Jelenc1, Ivan Frollo3, Jozef Ukropec2, Barbara Ukropcová2,4, Siegfried Trattnig1,5, 1,5,6 1,3,7 Edited by: Martin Krššák * and Ladislav Valkovicˇ Bruce M. Damon, 1 High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Austria, 2 Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, United States Slovakia, 3 Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurements Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Reviewed by: Slovakia, 4 Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia, David Bendahan, 5 Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria, 6 Division of Endocrinology UMR 7339 Centre de Résonance and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 7 Oxford Centre Magnétique Biologique et Médicale for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (CRMBM), France Melissa Hooijmans, 1 VU University Medical Center, Purpose: Aging is associated with changes in muscle energy metabolism. Proton ( H) Netherlands and phosphorous (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been successfully *Correspondence: applied for non-invasive investigation of skeletal muscle metabolism. The aim of this Martin Krššák [email protected] study was to detect differences in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the aging 31 †These authors have contributed muscle by P-MRS and to identify potential changes associated with buffer capacity of equally to this work muscle carnosine by 1H-MRS. -
Proceedings of Spie
Joseph Petzval lens design approach Item Type Article Authors Sasián, José Citation José Sasián, "Joseph Petzval lens design approach", Proc. SPIE 10590, International Optical Design Conference 2017, 1059017 (27 November 2017); doi: 10.1117/12.2285108; https:// doi.org/10.1117/12.2285108 DOI 10.1117/12.2285108 Publisher SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING Journal INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL DESIGN CONFERENCE 2017 Rights © 2017 SPIE. Download date 26/09/2021 02:37:17 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627184 PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE SPIEDigitalLibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie Joseph Petzval lens design approach José Sasián José Sasián, "Joseph Petzval lens design approach," Proc. SPIE 10590, International Optical Design Conference 2017, 1059017 (27 November 2017); doi: 10.1117/12.2285108 Event: International Optical Design Conference - IODC 2017, 2017, Denver, United States Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 3/30/2018 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use Invited Paper Joseph Petzval lens design approach José Sasián College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona 1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona USA 85721 ABSTRACT We pose that there is enough information left to reconstruct Petzval lens design approach, and answer the question of how Joseph Petzval design his famous portrait objective. Keywords: Joseph Petzval, landscape objective, portrait objective, lens design, aberration theory, photographic lens 1. INTRODUCTION Joseph Maximillian Petzval (1807-1891) was a talented mathematician and physicist from Hungary who immigrated to Austria and taught at the University of Vienna. He designed the lens that made portrait photography a practical reality. -
A Camera Obscura by Voigtländer & Son Vienna
Simon Weber-Unger A Camera Obscura by 70 5 Voigtländer & Son Vienna This article treats a camera obscura that, by its provenance, maker and date, can be placed in a direct connection to the early period of Austrian photography and its development . The Changeable Picture our Society in I Description of the camera obscura Figure 1: Made in Vienna, c . 1848, signed on lens “Voigtländer & Sohn / in Wien ”. Mahogany veneer wood corpus, mirror and ground glass (not original), lacquered brass lens with lens hood and brass cap, focussing screw, brass fitted screw-on magnifier glass (fig . 4) . Dimensions: wood box c 25. 3. x 36 .4 x 30 7. cm, total length c .49 cm, lens diameter c 65. mm, focusing screen up to c 22. x 27 cm . Detailed description of the camera obscura’s lens by Dr. Milos Mladek, Vienna The lens of the camera obscura is an optical system of three glasses in two groups with a fixed intermediate diaphragm, mounted in a beautifully-made, sturdy brass barrel engraved „Voigtländer & Sohn in Wien“ . It has rack-and-pinion focusing and renders a sharp image with good contrast and no apparent distortion . As for the optical design: The heart of the system seems to be a positive meniscus in the rear, with a focal length of 12 cm and a fixed diaphragm before it . There is a strongly negative cemented meniscus (consisting of a biconvex lens in front and a biconcave lens behind) in front of these two . The focal length of the whole system is about 25 cm, with an approximate lens register of about 35 cm, the relative aperture is probably about f / 9 . -
Technische Universität Wien
INCREaSE Kick-Off Wroclaw, 27 March 2019 TU Wien Johannes Böhm TU Wien Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Research Division Higher Geodesy TU Wien 1815 Founded as „k. k. Polytechnisches Institut" 1919 Admission for women 1975 Renamed to „Technische Universität" (TU) 2015 200-year-anniversary TU Wien Picture TU-Mainbuilding: © TU Wien | Thomas Blazina Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Research Division Higher Geodesy TU Wien Alumni • Christian Doppler (Doppler effect) • Joseph Loschmidt (Loschmidt constant) • Otto Wagner (architect) • Richard Zsigmondy (Nobel Prizewinner for Chemistry ) • Viktor Kaplan (Kaplan turbine) • Josef and Johann Strauß • ... TU Wien Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Research Division Higher Geodesy Research at TU Wien – From Basic Research to Applications TU Wien Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Research Division Higher Geodesy Five Research Focus Points • Computational Science and Engineering • Quantum Physics and Quantum Technologies • Materials and Matter • Information and Communication Technologies • Energy and Environment • Additional Fields of Research TU Wien Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Research Division Higher Geodesy Cooperation Overview 1/2 • On campus • Cooperation & research centres connecting faculties • TU doctoral programmes • With Austrian universities • TU Austria (Graz University of Techn., University of Leoben) • Vienna Scientific Cluster [1] [2] Pictures: © [1] Lois Lammerhuber, [2] www.solardecathlon.at TU Wien Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation -
Hungary End European Civilisation
11Ù272 HUNGARY AND EUROPEAN ч CIVILISATION BY PROF. JULIUS KORNIS OF THE U NI VERSIT Y OF BUDAPEST BUDAPEST, 1938 PUBLI8HED BY THE ROYAL HUNGÁRIÁN UNIVERSITY PRESS HUNGARY ANI) EUROPEAN CIVILISATION BY PROF. JULIUS KORNIS OF THE UNIVEKSITY OF BUDAPEST BUDAPEST. 1938 PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL HUNGÁRIÁN UNIVERSITY PRESS 1XÙ2 72 HUNGARY AND EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION by Professor J u l iu s K o r n is According to early XIX. Century exponents of the idealistic trend of German philosophy, the destiny and the duty of mankind lie in the endeavour to develop as fully as possible its inherent spiritual powers. Under the world System, as ordained by the eternal God, humanity has, however, alvvays ronsisted of indi vidual nations which can serve the cause of mankind only by developing to the full their individual peculiarities. Thus the universalist cosmopolitan conception of the XVIII. Century school of “enlightened” philosophers, with its enthusiasm for the ideal of a universal humanitarianism, found its complément in the nationalism of the romantic era of the early XIX. Century The idea of nationalism is by no means inconsistent with that of an universal humanitarianism, in other words, with the idea of the évolution of mankind as a whole. All history proves that each and every culture has been essentially national, and in each and every instance the product of a specific national mentality. Those of its elements which transcend the confines of nationalism and possess a universal value gradually build up a joint property of the entire mankind. Any one nation is only entitled to exist as a distinct ethnie individuality and as a separate state in so far as it contributes to or protects and further develops the cultural possessions of the entire world. -
Curved Sensors for Compact High-Resolution Wide Field Designs
Curved sensors for compact high-resolution wide field designs: prototype demonstration and optical characterization Bertrand Chambion, Christophe Gaschet, Thibault Behaghel, Aurélie Vandeneynde, Stéphane Caplet, Stéphane Gétin, David Henry, Emmanuel Hugot, Wilfried Jahn, Simona Lombardo, et al. To cite this version: Bertrand Chambion, Christophe Gaschet, Thibault Behaghel, Aurélie Vandeneynde, Stéphane Caplet, et al.. Curved sensors for compact high-resolution wide field designs: prototype demonstration and optical characterization. SPIE Photonics West 2018, Jan 2018, San Francisco, United States. hal- 01796109 HAL Id: hal-01796109 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01796109 Submitted on 19 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Curved sensors for compact high-resolution wide field designs: prototype demonstration and optical characterization Bertrand Chambion1, Christophe Gaschet1, 2, Thibault Behaghel2, Aurélie Vandeneynde1, Stéphane Caplet1, Stéphane Gétin1, David Henry1, Emmanuel Hugot 2, Wilfried Jahn 2, Simona Lombardo2, Marc Ferrari2. 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC campus, F38054 Grenoble, France. 2Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille, France. ABSTRACT Over the recent years, a huge interest has grown for curved electronics, particularly for opto-electronics systems. Curved sensors help the correction of off-axis aberrations, such as Petzval Field Curvature, astigmatism, and bring significant optical and size benefits for imaging systems.