DOCSLIB.ORG

The Search for Christian Doppler

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

meeting summary Report from the International Workshop on Remote Sensing in Geophysics Using Doppler Techniques* Arnaldo Brandolini,a+ Ben B. Balsley,b# Antonio Mabres,c# Ronald F. Woodman,d# Carlo Capsoni,3 Michele D'Amico,3 Warner L. Ecklund,e Tor Hagfors/ Robert Harper^ Malcolm L. Heron,h Wayne K. Hocking; Markku S. Lehtinen; Jurgen Rottger,k Martin F. Sarango,d Torn Sato,1 Richard J. Stauch,m J. M. Vaughn," Lucy R. Wyatt,0 and Dusan S. Zrnic? 1. Introduction (A. Brandolini, B. Balsley, in different application areas of Doppler remote sens- A. Mabres, R. Woodman) ing. Actually, Doppler remote sensing is employed in a wide range of applications, from atmospheric bound- The International Workshop on Remote Sensing in ary layer sensing to wind profiling, from sea surface Geophysics Using Doppler Techniques was held on 11- sensing to radar astronomy. Such different applications 15 March 1996 in Bellagio, Italy, at the Rockefeller face different challenges, which sometimes lead to Study and Conference Center. Supported by the development of very different techniques. Rockefeller Foundation, the workshop brought to- In the organizers' opinion, a discussion of such gether a small number of expert researchers working techniques between researchers working in different application areas could be both interesting and useful. *Organized by the Department of Electrical Engineering of In particular, ideas of signal-processing techniques Politecnico di Milano. could be profitably exchanged. The purpose of the +Workshop organizing committee. workshop was in fact to provide a forum where such aPolitecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. a discussion could take place. bUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado. The following are summeries of communications cUniversidad de Piura, Piura, Peru. given at the workshop, many of which have been up- dJicamarca Radio Observatory, Lima, Peru. eAeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmo- dated to account for later results. The range of topics spheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado. is indeed wide. We hope readers will find them as 'Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau, Ger- stimulating and thought provoking as the workshop many. participants did. 8Amoco Corp., Houston, Texas. hJames Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. (B. Balsley) 'University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. 2. Who was Doppler? jSodankyla Geophysical Observatory, Sodankyla, Finland. kEISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden. Because of the nature of this conference on geo- 'Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. physical remote sensing, it is perhaps fitting that we •"National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration En- vironmental Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado. pause briefly to reflect on the origin of the word "Defense Research Center, St. Malvern, United Kingdom. "Doppler." This statement is particularly true in view °University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. of the nearly generic use of the word Doppler in pNational Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/Na- myriad aspects of our everyday life. Who was the per- tional Severe Storm Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma. son named Christian Doppler? When and where did Corresponding author address: Prof. Arnaldo Brandolini, he live? What did he do? And in what scientific disci- Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32,1-20133 Milano, Italy. pline did he work? Many of us may have heard at some E-Mail: [email protected] point in the dim past that the Doppler effect was first In final form 3 November 1997. introduced to account for the varying colors (e.g., "blue ©1998 American Meteorological Society shifting" and "red shifting") of the stars in our night Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 6 643 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 02:46 AM UTC skies. Others may be more familiar with the Doppler fact, that he and his brother sought passage to America effect of a passing train, where the high, penetrating in 1834-35. sound of the approaching train whistle changes to an Fortunately, prior to their departure to America, increasingly lower tone as the train passes. In addition, Doppler received and accepted an offer to teach at the our local TV stations often promote the fact that they State Secondary School in Prague. He subsequently are making use of Doppler weather radar. To associ- married and began a slow climb to semisecurity, even- ate these and many other phenomena with one person's tually being appointed to a full professorship at the name is singular at the very least. Thus, in this initial Prague Technical Institute in 1841. In these years he presentation of a conference wherein we will discuss became interested in "optics, astronomy, electricity, some geophysical consequences of the Doppler effect, geophysics, and undulations." He was elected a full it is timely to pause for a moment and examine the man member of the Royal Bohemian Society in 1843, fol- behind the name. lowing a presentation to that body of a landmark pa- The following paragraphs summarize the salient per "On the Coloured Light of the Double Stars and features of the life and times of the person whose name Certain Other Stars in the Heavens." There were six is coupled inextricably with the above-mentioned people present at the reading of Doppler's paper at the phenomena: Christian Andreas Doppler. Unabashed society's monthly meeting. One of these was the min- reference is made to an excellent text published in utes keeper. 1992 by Springer-Verlag: The Search for Christian In his book, Eden cites a somewhat humorous ex- Doppler, by Alec Eden (Eden 1992). Dr. Eden, ample of testing the Doppler principle that occurred incidentally, is a surgeon who makes use of the in Holland in 1845. At that time, Buys Ballot—a Doppler principle in his work in transcranial Doppler young Dutch Ph.D. who was attempting to disprove sonography. It happens that the lion's share of devel- Doppler's idea—hired a group of highly trained lo- opment of the Doppler technique—at least judging cal musicians and a locomotive flat car. He put the from the citation indices—has taken place in medicine. horn players on the station platform while he and the This area is a giant step removed from the geophysical remaining musicians were stationed on the flat car. processes with which we are concerned in this confer- The flat car with its load of musicians was set to pass ence. It is also an insight into the breadth of the tech- by the station at a prearranged 40 mph while the mu- nology that has profited by employing this principle. sicians on the station platform played a single tone. Christian Doppler was born in Salzburg, Austria, As they approached the platform the flat-car-based in 1803 and died in Venice, Italy, in 1853. He was the musicians could clearly detect a half-tone increase in son of a stonemason in a long line of stonemasons. the pitch emitted by the instruments. A correspond- Many pieces of stonework bearing the "Doppler" in- ing half-tone decrease was heard as the train receded scription can still be found around Salzburg. But cer- from the platform. This was precisely the effect pre- tainly none of these represents the efforts of Christian dicted by Doppler, much to the chagrin of Ballot. Andreas himself, since he was early recognized as In any event, only some two years following his being too frail for the demanding tasks of that profes- election to the Royal Bohemian Society, Doppler was sion. His weakness, which was in large part respira- relieved of his official duties at the Prague Polytech- tory, may have arisen as a result of breathing the nic. His heavy student load coupled with his advanced marble dust that is an inherent concomitant of the respiratory problems made it impossible for him to trade. Christian was apprenticed briefly in 1821 as a continue his teaching schedule. The final eight years "commercial apprentice," but soon found his way to of his life, between 1845 and 1853, saw his appoint- the Vienna Polytechnic Institute (1822-25) where he ment to increasingly more prestigious positions. These excelled in the sciences. He soon returned to Salzburg advancements began with his appointment as profes- (1825-29) to broaden his education, learning French, sor of mathematics, physics, and mechanics at the Italian, and English. He also wrote a bit of prose and Schemnitz Academy of Mining and Forestry (1847). poetry and authored a short scientific work on the hu- This honor was followed by being named as profes- man eye. The following period (1829-33) found him sor at the Imperial University of Vienna (1849), and again in Vienna with an assistantship at the Vienna finally as the first director of the Institute of Physics Polytechnic. Unfortunately, the combined problems of at the same institution in 1850. health, teaching, and trying to find a permanent posi- Christian Doppler's last few months were spent in tion left him desolate and depressed; so depressed, in Italy accompanied by a friend and colleague. Although 644 Vol. 79, No. 4, April 1998 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 02:46 AM UTC he was buried on the Island of St. Michael near Venice, time interval between one pulse and the next is com- the exact burial site is unknown. puted, and the relevant position updated. The radar simulator was applied to study improve- ments of rain rate estimates by using Doppler spec- 3. Meteorological radar simulation tral moments in a vertically pointing antenna mode. (C. Capsoni and M. D'Amico) One (Z) or two (Z and V ) moments were supplied to the inversion algorithm and a gamma drop-size distri- This contribution presented a physically based bution (DSD) was assumed; the best estimate is ob- multiparameter radar simulator that is able to gener- tained for a generic exponential DSD.
Recommended publications
  • The History Group's Silver Jubilee

    The History Group's Silver Jubilee

    History of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography Special Interest Group Newsletter 1, 2010 ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS We asked in the last two newsletters if you Annual Report ........................................... 1 thought the History Group should hold an Committee members ................................ 2 Annual General Meeting. There is nothing in Mrs Jean Ludlam ...................................... 2 the By-Law s or Standing Orders of the Royal Meteorological Society that requires the The 2010 Summer Meeting ..................... 3 Group to hold one, nor does Charity Law Report of meeting on 18 November .......... 4 require one. Which papers have been cited? .............. 10 Don’t try this at home! ............................. 10 Only one person responded, and that was in More Richard Gregory reminiscences ..... 11 passing during a telephone conversation about something else. He was in favour of Storm warnings for seafarers: Part 2 ....... 13 holding an AGM but only slightly so. He Swedish storm warnings ......................... 17 expressed the view that an AGM provides an Rikitea meteorological station ................. 19 opportunity to put forward ideas for the More on the D-Day forecast .................... 20 Group’s committee to consider. Recent publications ................................ 21 As there has been so little response, the Did you know? ........................................ 22 Group’s committee has decided that there will Date for your diary .................................. 23 not be an AGM this year. Historic picture ........................................ 23 2009 members of the Group ................... 24 CHAIRMAN’S REVIEW OF 2009 by Malcolm Walker year. Sadly, however, two people who have supported the Group for many years died during I begin as I did last year. Without an enthusiastic 2009. David Limbert passed away on 3 M a y, and conscientious committee, there would be no and Jean Ludlam died in October (see page 2).
  • Shadows of Being

    Shadows of Being

    Shadows of Being Shadows of Being Four Philosophical Essays By Marko Uršič Shadows of Being: Four Philosophical Essays By Marko Uršič This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Marko Uršič All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-1593-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-1593-2 To my dear parents Mila and Stanko who gave me life Just being alive! —miraculous to be in cherry blossom shadows! Kobayashi Issa 斯う活て 居るも不思議ぞ 花の陰 一茶 Kō ikite iru mo fushigi zo hana no kage TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures............................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements .................................................................................... xi Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Shadows of Ideas 1.1 Metaphysical essence of shadow, Platonism.................................... 2 1.2 The Sun and shadows in Ancient Egypt .......................................... 6 1.3 From Homeric to Orphic shadows ................................................. 15 Chapter Two .............................................................................................
  • Glossary Glossary

    Glossary Glossary

    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
  • Martian Crater Morphology

    Martian Crater Morphology

    ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter.
  • National Research Centers Contractors

    National Research Centers Contractors

    Natiod ResearchCenters Walter Orr Roberts, President National Center for Atmospheric Res~nrch Associated Universities, Inc. (AU'I) John W. Firor, Director Gerald F. Tape, hresident UCAR Member Universities: Appendix F National Radio Astronomy Observatory University of Alaska David S. Heeschen, Director University of Arizona University California AU1 Member Universities: of The University of America Columbia University Catholic Cornell University University of Chicago Harvard University Colorado State University The Johns Hopkins University University of Colorado Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cornell University University of Denver University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Florida State University University of Rochester Harvard University Yale University University of Hawaii University of Illinois at Urbana- Association of Universities for Research Champaign in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) The Johns Hopkins University Rupert Wildt, President University of Maryland Cerro To1010 Inter-American Observatory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Victor M. Blanco, Director University of Miami Kitt Peak National Observatory University of Michigan Leo Goldberg, Director University of Minnesota University of Missouri AURA Member Universities: New York University University of California State University of New York at Albany University of Chicago/University of Texas University of Oklahoma Harvard University Pennsylvania State University Indiana University Saint Louis University University of Michigan Texas A&M University The Ohio State University University of Texas Princeton University University of Toronto University of Wisconsin University of Utah Yale University University of Washington University of Wisconsin Cornell University W. Donald Cooke, Vice President for Research National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center Frank D. Drake, Director, Ithaca, N.Y. Tor Hagfors, Director, Observatory Operations, Arecibo, Puerto Rico For sale by the Superintendent of Dooaments,U.S.
  • Curriculum Vitae Meers Maxwell Oppenheim

    Curriculum Vitae Meers Maxwell Oppenheim

    Curriculum Vitae Meers Maxwell Oppenheim Born: 2 November 1962 at Bethesda, MD, U.S.A. Nationality: U.S. Citizen Address: Department of Astronomy, Boston University 725 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA 02215 Phone: 617-353-6139; Fax: 617-353-5704 email: [email protected] www address: http://bu-ast.bu.edu/∼meerso Present Positions: Associate Professor of Astronomy, Boston University Education Ph.D.: Cornell University, May 1995, Electrical Engineering, Space Plasma Physics Group M.Eng.: Cornell University, May 1990, School of Applied and Engineering Physics B.S.: Cornell University, May 1984, School of Applied and Engineering Physics Professional Experience Associate Professor of Astronomy, Boston University Sep. 2004 - present Director of Graduate Studies, Astronomy Department Sep. 2006 - Aug. 2010 Jan. 2012 - present Associate Chairman of Astronomy, Boston University Sep. 2002 - Sep. 2004 Assistant Professor of Astronomy, Boston University Sep. 1998 - Sep. 2004 Director of Undergraduate Studies: Sep. 2000 - Sep. 2004 Research Associate: U. of Colorado, Boulder with Dr. M. Goldman May 1996 - Aug. 1998 Principle Task: Research into particle-wave interactions in space and laboratory plasmas Max Planck Society Postdoctoral Scientist: with Dr. Tor Hagfors May 1995 - May 1996 Principle Task: Research into ionospheric wave phenomena Research Assistant: Cornell University with Dr. Niels Otani Sep. 1988 - May 1995 Computational Physics Consultant: Physics International Corporation, San Leandro, CA 1986-1988 HY-TECH Research Corporation, Radford, VA 1990 Staff Physicist: Physics International Corporation, San Leandro, CA 1984-1986 Principle Tasks: Develop and test pulsed-power devices Develop computational field solver to calculate device fields Programmer and Junior Analyst Jack Faucett Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD 1980-1982 1 Teaching Experience Fully responsible for the following classes: Total No.
  • DMAAC – February 1973

    DMAAC – February 1973

    LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base.
  • October 2006

    October 2006

    OCTOBER 2 0 0 6 �������������� http://www.universetoday.com �������������� TAMMY PLOTNER WITH JEFF BARBOUR 283 SUNDAY, OCTOBER 1 In 1897, the world’s largest refractor (40”) debuted at the University of Chica- go’s Yerkes Observatory. Also today in 1958, NASA was established by an act of Congress. More? In 1962, the 300-foot radio telescope of the National Ra- dio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) went live at Green Bank, West Virginia. It held place as the world’s second largest radio scope until it collapsed in 1988. Tonight let’s visit with an old lunar favorite. Easily seen in binoculars, the hexagonal walled plain of Albategnius ap- pears near the terminator about one-third the way north of the south limb. Look north of Albategnius for even larger and more ancient Hipparchus giving an almost “figure 8” view in binoculars. Between Hipparchus and Albategnius to the east are mid-sized craters Halley and Hind. Note the curious ALBATEGNIUS AND HIPPARCHUS ON THE relationship between impact crater Klein on Albategnius’ southwestern wall and TERMINATOR CREDIT: ROGER WARNER that of crater Horrocks on the northeastern wall of Hipparchus. Now let’s power up and “crater hop”... Just northwest of Hipparchus’ wall are the beginnings of the Sinus Medii area. Look for the deep imprint of Seeliger - named for a Dutch astronomer. Due north of Hipparchus is Rhaeticus, and here’s where things really get interesting. If the terminator has progressed far enough, you might spot tiny Blagg and Bruce to its west, the rough location of the Surveyor 4 and Surveyor 6 landing area.
  • The Composition of the Lunar Crust: Radiative Transfer Modeling and Analysis of Lunar Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra

    The Composition of the Lunar Crust: Radiative Transfer Modeling and Analysis of Lunar Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra

    THE COMPOSITION OF THE LUNAR CRUST: RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF LUNAR VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS DECEMBER 2009 By Joshua T.S. Cahill Dissertation Committee: Paul G. Lucey, Chairperson G. Jeffrey Taylor Patricia Fryer Jeffrey J. Gillis-Davis Trevor Sorensen Student: Joshua T.S. Cahill Student ID#: 1565-1460 Field: Geology and Geophysics Graduation date: December 2009 Title: The Composition of the Lunar Crust: Radiative Transfer Modeling and Analysis of Lunar Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology and Geophysics. Dissertation Committee: Names Signatures Paul G. Lucey, Chairperson ____________________________ G. Jeffrey Taylor ____________________________ Jeffrey J. Gillis-Davis ____________________________ Patricia Fryer ____________________________ Trevor Sorensen ____________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must first express my love and appreciation to my family. Thank you to my wife Karen for providing love, support, and perspective. And to our little girl Maggie who only recently became part of our family and has already provided priceless memories in the form of beautiful smiles, belly laughs, and little bear hugs. The two of you provided me with the most meaningful reasons to push towards the "finish line". I would also like to thank my immediate and extended family. Many of them do not fully understand much about what I do, but support the endeavor acknowledging that if it is something I’m willing to put this much effort into, it must be worthwhile.
  • OSAA Boys Track & Field Championships

    OSAA Boys Track & Field Championships

    OSAA Boys Track & Field Championships 4A Individual State Champions Through 2006 100-METER DASH 1992 Seth Wetzel, Jesuit ............................................ 1:53.20 1978 Byron Howell, Central Catholic................................. 10.5 1993 Jon Ryan, Crook County ..................................... 1:52.44 300-METER INTERMEDIATE HURDLES 1979 Byron Howell, Central Catholic............................... 10.67 1994 Jon Ryan, Crook County ..................................... 1:54.93 1978 Rourke Lowe, Aloha .............................................. 38.01 1980 Byron Howell, Central Catholic............................... 10.64 1995 Bryan Berryhill, Crater ....................................... 1:53.95 1979 Ken Scott, Aloha .................................................. 36.10 1981 Kevin Vixie, South Eugene .................................... 10.89 1996 Bryan Berryhill, Crater ....................................... 1:56.03 1980 Jerry Abdie, Sunset ................................................ 37.7 1982 Kevin Vixie, South Eugene .................................... 10.64 1997 Rob Vermillion, Glencoe ..................................... 1:55.49 1981 Romund Howard, Madison ....................................... 37.3 1983 John Frazier, Jefferson ........................................ 10.80w 1998 Tim Meador, South Medford ............................... 1:55.21 1982 John Elston, Lebanon ............................................ 39.02 1984 Gus Envela, McKay............................................. 10.55w 1999
  • On the Moon with Apollo 16. a Guidebook to the Descartes Region. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C

    On the Moon with Apollo 16. a Guidebook to the Descartes Region. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 062 148 SE 013 594 AUTHOR Simmons, Gene TITLE On the Moon with Apollo 16. A Guidebook to the Descartes Region. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NASA-EP-95 PUB DATE Apr 72 NOTE 92p. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (Stock Number 3300-0421, $1.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Technology; Astronomy; *Lunar Research; Resource Materials; Scientific Research; *Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS NASA ABSTRACT The Apollo 16 guidebook describes and illustrates (with artist concepts) the physical appearance of the lunar region visited. Maps show the planned traverses (trips on the lunar surface via Lunar Rover); the plans for scientific experiments are described in depth; and timelines for all activities are included. A section on uThe Crewn is illustrated with photos showing training and preparatory activities. (Aathor/PR) ON THE MOON WITH APOLLO 16 A Guidebook to the Descartes Region U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- grIl INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION on POLICY. JAI -0110 44 . UP. 16/11.4LI NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION April 1972 EP-95 kr) ON THE MOON WITH APOLLO 16 A Guidebook to the Descartes Region by Gene Simmons A * 40. 7 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION April 1972 2 Gene Simmons was Chief Scientist of the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston for two years and isnow Professor of Geophysics at the Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology.
  • Spectral Characteristics UHF Radar Aurora

    Spectral Characteristics UHF Radar Aurora

    Spectral Characteristics UHF Radar Aurora Brian J. JackeI Graduate Program in Physics Submi tted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Graduate Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario October 1997 @ Brian J. Jackel 1997 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 dC-da du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington OrtawaON K1AON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Lhmy of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be p~tedor othemïse de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. A bstract Bistatic radar observations at 440 and 933 Megahertz ha .ve been used to study the spectral characteris t ics of CHF scat ter from the auroral E-region. Scattered power spectra were prirnarily composed of a singie peak? and were distributed asymrnet- rically about the peak with a sharper cut-off at higher speeds.