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Benjamin Towne: the Precarious Career of a Persistent Printer
Benjamin Towne: The Precarious Career of a Persistent Printer ENJAMIN TOWNE is remembered as the publisher of America's first daily newspaper, which he brought out in Philadelphia B in the spring of 1783.1 However, the fact that he was able to print a newspaper at all during the War for Independence testifies to persistence in the face of continuing adversity worthy of at least equal note.* Towne was a man of fascinatingly fluid political views; his little newspaper, the Pennsylvania Evening 'Posty shuttled repeatedly from one end of the Revolutionary political spectrum to the other during the war. From its founding early in 1775, it was firm in its opposition to England until British soldiers occupied Philadelphia in the fall of 1777. Towne, remaining in Philadelphia, then converted his news- paper into a warm supporter of the occupying force. Subsequently, when the British marched away in June, 1778, Benjamin Towne re- mained on hand, with an ostensibly "patriotic" Evening fW/, to welcome the Americans back. This printer has been a bit of a puzzle to historians, who have noted that he was "attainted'' of treason in 1777, but that the charge was later dropped. It has also been asserted that Towne "published his newspaper undisturbed"2 even after the Americans regained Philadelphia. If true, this apparent lack of restraint would be difficult to reconcile with Leonard W. Levy's generalization that the press was nowhere free during the Revolution.3 * This study was supported in part by the Research Committee of the Graduate School, University of Wisconsin, from special funds voted by the State Legislature. -
H. Doc. 108-222
34 Biographical Directory DELEGATES IN THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS CONNECTICUT Dates of Attendance Andrew Adams............................ 1778 Benjamin Huntington................ 1780, Joseph Spencer ........................... 1779 Joseph P. Cooke ............... 1784–1785, 1782–1783, 1788 Jonathan Sturges........................ 1786 1787–1788 Samuel Huntington ................... 1776, James Wadsworth....................... 1784 Silas Deane ....................... 1774–1776 1778–1781, 1783 Jeremiah Wadsworth.................. 1788 Eliphalet Dyer.................. 1774–1779, William S. Johnson........... 1785–1787 William Williams .............. 1776–1777 1782–1783 Richard Law............ 1777, 1781–1782 Oliver Wolcott .................. 1776–1778, Pierpont Edwards ....................... 1788 Stephen M. Mitchell ......... 1785–1788 1780–1783 Oliver Ellsworth................ 1778–1783 Jesse Root.......................... 1778–1782 Titus Hosmer .............................. 1778 Roger Sherman ....... 1774–1781, 1784 Delegates Who Did Not Attend and Dates of Election John Canfield .............................. 1786 William Hillhouse............. 1783, 1785 Joseph Trumbull......................... 1774 Charles C. Chandler................... 1784 William Pitkin............................. 1784 Erastus Wolcott ...... 1774, 1787, 1788 John Chester..................... 1787, 1788 Jedediah Strong...... 1782, 1783, 1784 James Hillhouse ............... 1786, 1788 John Treadwell ....... 1784, 1785, 1787 DELAWARE Dates of Attendance Gunning Bedford, -
Charters of Freedom History/Social Studies Contents
Charters of Freedom History/Social Studies Contents 1 Wikijunior:United States Charters of Freedom 1 1.1 Important Documents ........................................... 1 1.2 Other Concepts .............................................. 2 2 Declaration of Independence 4 2.1 Background ................................................ 4 2.2 Draft and adoption ............................................. 4 2.3 Distribution and copies .......................................... 5 2.4 Text and analysis .............................................. 6 2.4.1 Introduction ............................................ 6 2.4.2 Preamble ............................................. 6 2.4.3 Indictment ............................................. 7 2.4.4 Denunciation ........................................... 8 2.4.5 Conclusion ............................................ 8 2.5 Text on the back of the document ..................................... 9 2.6 Differences between draft and final versions ................................ 9 2.7 Myths ................................................... 10 2.8 Questions ................................................. 10 2.9 Source ................................................... 11 3 Constitution 19 3.1 Background ................................................ 19 3.2 Text of the Constitution .......................................... 19 3.2.1 Preamble ............................................. 20 3.2.2 Article I .............................................. 21 3.2.3 Article II ............................................ -
High School | 9Th–12Th Grade
High School | 9th–12th Grade American History 1776The Hillsdale Curriculum The Hillsdale 1776 Curriculum 9th–12th Grade HIGH SCHOOL American History 2 units | 45–50-minute classes OVERVIEW Unit 1 | The American Founding 15–19 classes LESSON 1 1763–1776 Self–Government or Tyranny LESSON 2 1776 The Declaration of Independence LESSON 3 1776–1783 The War of Independence LESSON 4 1783–1789 The United States Constitution Unit 2 | The American Civil War 14–18 classes LESSON 1 1848–1854 The Expansion of Slavery LESSON 2 1854–1861 Toward Civil War LESSON 3 1861–1865 The Civil War LESSON 4 1865–1877 Reconstruction 1 Copyright © 2021 Hillsdale College. All Rights Reserved. The Hillsdale 1776 Curriculum American History High School UNIT 1 The American Founding 1763–1789 45–50-minute classes | 15–19 classes UNIT PREVIEW Structure LESSON 1 1763–1776 Self-Government or Tyranny 4–5 classes p. 7 LESSON 2 1776 The Declaration of Independence 2–3 classes p. 14 LESSON 3 1776–1783 The War of Independence 3–4 classes p. 23 LESSON 4 1783–1789 The United States Constitution 4–5 classes p. 29 APPENDIX A Study Guide, Test, and Writing Assignment p. 41 APPENDIX B Primary Sources p. 59 Why Teach the American Founding The beginning is the most important part of any endeavor, for a small change at the beginning will result in a very different end. How much truer this is of the most expansive of human endeavors: founding and sustaining a free country. The United States of America has achieved the greatest degree of freedom and prosperity for the greatest proportion of any country’s population in the history of humankind. -
America's Founding Fathers -- Who Are They? Thumbnail Sketches of 164 Patriots
AMERICA’S FOUNDING FATHERS Who are they? Thumbnail sketches of 164 patriots JACK STANFIELD Universal Publishers USA • 2001 America's Founding Fathers -- Who are they? Thumbnail sketches of 164 patriots Copyright © 2001 Jack R. Stanfield All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except in case of review, without the prior written permission of the author. Author’s Note: The information is accurate to the extent the author could confirm it from readily available sources. Neither the author nor the publisher can assume any responsibility for any action taken based on information contained in this book. Universal Publishers/uPUBLISH.com USA • 2001 ISBN: 1-58112-668-9 www.uPUBLISH.com/books/stanfield.htm To my wife Barbara who inspired this book, and without whose patience and encouragement, it would not have been completed. Content INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 SETTING THE STAGE 10 SKETCHES OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS 23 CHAPTER 2 FOUNDING FATHERS FROM CONNECTICUT 24 Andrew Adams, Oliver Ellsworth, Titus Hosmer, Samuel Huntington, William Samuel Johnson, Roger Sherman, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott CHAPTER 3 FOUNDING FATHERS FROM DELAWARE 32 Richard Bassett, Gunning Bedford, Jacob Broom, John Dickinson, Thomas McKean, George Read, Caesar Rodney, Nicolas Van Dyke CHAPTER 4 FOUNDING FATHERS FROM GEORGIA 39 Abraham Baldwin, William Few, Button Gwinnett, Layman Hall,William Houstoun, -
John Jay (Pdf)
11 2013 Center for the Study of the American Constitution N O. 4: JOHN JAY (1745–1829) ew Yorker John Jay graduated from King’s College (Columbia) in 1764. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1768. In 1773 he served as secretary of the royal commission that N fixed the boundary between New York and New Jersey. In 1774 he married Sarah Livingston, daughter of William Livingston, a prominent New York colonial lawyer who moved to New Jersey, where he served as governor from 1776 until his death in 1790. A reluctant rebel, Jay served on New York’s Committee of Correspondence in 1774 and in the Conti- nental Congress from 1774-1776, 1778-1779, and 1784. Absent in July 1776, Jay did not sign the Dec- laration of Independence though he supported it. Jay was the most prominent author of the state con- stitution of 1777. In the same year, he was a member of the first Committee of Safety, New York’s ex- ecutive authority before the implementation of the new state constitution, and he served as New York’s first chief justice under that constitution from 1777-1779. In 1779 Jay was elected president of the Continental Congress, but he soon resigned the post when appointed U.S. minister to Spain, where he frustratingly served two and a half years and failed to get Spain to recognize the United States. (Spain had a treaty with France and declared war against Great Britain in 1779.) Appointed one of five American commissioners to negotiate a peace treaty with Brit- ain in 1781, Jay’s prominence was recognized by his fellow commissioner John Adams, who described Jay as “the Washington of diplomacy.” When Jay returned to the United States in July 1784, Congress appointed him secretary for foreign affairs. -
[Pennsylvania County Histories]
s 9 -A Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from This project is made possible by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of Commonwealth Libraries https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniacoun04unse INBE3L M Page M P&8® M Page NOP trained in the British armiwanfiTboast- ing of being an Englishman land allow¬ ing no one to dictate to nun. a mere adventurer, a pauper aristocrat who professed that while in the British ser¬ vice he could not make his income covet bis expenses, be preferred and paid S2,0 0 0 per annum under the United States Government to do a worlc of THE ENGLISH ALIEN AGAIN vast importance that our own compe¬ tent loyal citizens could do far better 9 Why should this alien, who in his An Infamous Wrong—A Paspp official capacity kept a number of spies lish 4 rtstoprnt SfHrto “A Royal bounding his subordinates, and boast¬ Represen«atlve of the Census ing his ill will would follow them into Bureau”—For Shame! , every avenue and by-path, be retained Editor “Government Official m a conspicuous position in a govern¬ ment in which he has only a mercenary When the census work was distrib¬ interest ? ‘ uted the Division of Wealth; Debt. This alien, chosen to expound Amer¬ Taxation and Local Government was ican systems of local government to j ^signed to the charge of an unnatur- the world, in bis sole literary produc¬ tion, “ The Ladder of Journalism,” | alized Englishman, an ex-Lieutenant thus enunciates the sentiment that of the British Army. -
The Federalists in the South 1789–1800
University of Kentucky UKnowledge United States History History 1968 Prologue to Democracy: The Federalists in the South 1789–1800 Lisle A. Rose Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Rose, Lisle A., "Prologue to Democracy: The Federalists in the South 1789–1800" (1968). United States History. 78. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_united_states_history/78 'Prologue to 'Democracy This page intentionally left blank 'Prologue to 'Democracy The Federalists in the South, 1789-1800 University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, 1968 COPYRIGHT © 1968 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY PRESS Printed in the U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 67-29342 for Jt(ari6eth This page intentionally left blank ~cknowledgments This study was begun at Berkeley in the autumn of 1963 as a doctoral dissertation under the direction of Charles Sellers. I am indebted to Professor Sellers and to Professor Paul Goodman of the University of California, Davis, for their many valuable comments and criticisms. Professor George C. Rogers of the University of South Carolina was generous enough to share his detailed knowledge of the South Carolina Federalists with me and also to indicate to me some invaluable manuscript sources which I might other wise have overlooked. Mr. James Broussard of Duke Univer sity was also helpful in pointing out the value of various manuscript collections, as were the staffs of all of the libraries in which I worked. -
TABLE of CONTENTS Volume 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1 Preface ................................................................................................................................................xvii Introduction ........................................................................................................................................xxv A Andrew Adams ...................................................................................................................................... 1 John Adams ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Samuel Adams ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Thomas Adams .................................................................................................................................... 18 Robert Alexander ................................................................................................................................. 19 Andrew Allen ....................................................................................................................................... 21 John Alsop ........................................................................................................................................... 24 Benjamin Andrew ................................................................................................................................ 27 Annapolis State -
Of the United States Congress 1774-1989 Bicentennial Edition
ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION SENATE DOCUMENT NO. 100-34 BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS 1774-1989 BICENTENNIAL EDITION THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS SEPTEMBER 5, 1774, TO OCTOBER 21, 1788 and THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES FROM THE FIRST THROUGH THE ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESSES MARCH 4, 1789, TO JANUARY 3, 1989, INCLUSIVE CLOSING DATE OF COMPILATION, JUNE 30, 1988 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1989 THIS PUBUCATION MAY BE PURCHASED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402. STOCK NUMBER 052-071-00699-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data United States. Congress. Biographical directory of the United States Congress, 1774-1989, the Continental Congress, September 5, 1774, to October 21, 1788, and the Congress of the United States, from the First through the One Hun- dredth Congresses, March 4, 1789, to January 3, 1989, inclusive. (Document I 100th Congress, 2nd session, Senate; no. 100-34) "Edited under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing. editors in chief, Kathryn Allamong Jacob, Bruce A. Ragsdale"p. 1. UnitedStates.Continental CongressBiographyDictionaries. 2. United States. CongressBiographyDictionaries.I. Jacob, Kathryn Allamong. II. Ragsdale, Bruce A.III. United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Printing. N. Title.V. Series: Senate document (United States. Congress. Senate); no. 100-34. JK1O1O.U51989 093.3'12'0922 [B] 88-600335 The paper used in this publication meets the minimumrequirements of the Joint Committee on Printing's Standard for UncoatedPermanent Printing Paper (JCP A270) and ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984. SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION No. 85 NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS SUBMITTED BY MR. -
Founding Fathers of the United States from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Founding Fathers of the United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Founding Fathers of the United States are those individuals of the Thirteen Colonies in North America who led the American Revolution against the authority of the British Crown in word and deed and contributed to the establishment of the United States of America.[2] Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Trumbull's Declaration of Independence, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas a painting by John Trumbull depicting Jefferson, James Madison, and George the Committee of Five presenting their Washington.[3][4] Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin draft to the Congress on June 28, 1776.[1] were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were authors of The Federalist Papers, advocating ratification of the Constitution. Jay, Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783) that would end the American Revolutionary War.[5] Washington was CommanderinChief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention. Washington, Jay and Franklin are considered the Founding Fathers of U.S. Intelligence by the CIA.[6] All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States, with Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison serving as President. Four of these seven Washington, Jay, Hamilton and Madison did not sign the Declaration of Independence.[7] Signature page of Treaty of The term Founding Fathers is sometimes used to refer to Paris (1783); the treaty was the Signers of the embossed version of the Declaration of negotiated by John Adams, [8] Independence in 1776. -
New Jersey in the American Revolution
New Jersey in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Washington, D. C. October 2, 1999 - April 1, 2000 HIS catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the exhibit, New Jersey in the American Revolution , on display from October 2, 1999, to April 1, 2000, at Anderson House, THeadquarters, Library and Museum of the Society of the Cincinnati, 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D. C. 20008. It is the third in a series of exhibitions focusing on the con - tributions to the American Revolution made by the original 13 HEREAS George the Third, King of Great states and the French alliance. Britain has refused protection to the good people of these Colonies; and, by assenting Wto sundry acts of the British Parliament, attempted to Generous support for this exhibit was provided by the subject them to the absolute dominion of that body; Society of the Cincinnati in the State of New Jersey. and has also made war upon them, in the most cruel and unnatural manner, for no other cause, than assert - ing their just rights—all civil authority under him is necessarily at an end…. — From the Preamble of the Constitution Also available: of New Jersey, adopted July 2, 1776. Massachusetts in the American Revolution: “Let It Begin Here” (1997) New York in the American Revolution (1998) Text by Ellen McCallister Clark, Sandra L. Powers and E. K. Hong. Cover illustration: “Gen. Washington [on the Battle Field at Trenton] Engraved by W. Warner from the original picture by Col.