DOCSLIB.ORG

Afroalpine Plant Ecology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA BD ID IT SVENSKA VAXTGEOGRAFISKA SALLSKAPET 49 FEATURES OF AFROALPINE PLANT ECOLOGY Avec un resume en frant;ais BY OLOV HEDBERG UPPSALA 1964 A L M Q V I S T & W I K S E L L S B 0 K T R Y C K �- R I A B SVENSKA VAXTGEOG,RAFISKA SALLSI(APET SOCIETAS PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECANA Adress: Vaxtbiologiska Institutionen, Villavagen 14, Uppsala, Sverige Styrelse (council): prof. Hugo Sjors, ordf. (chairman); lab. Magnus Fries, v. ordf. (vice chairman); fil.lic. Bengt M. P. Larsson, sekr.; fil. kand. Folke Bjorkback, skattm. (treasur�r); doe. Mats Wrern, red. (editor); fil. lic. Gunnar Wassen, v. sekr.; doe. Olov Hedberg; prof. John Axel Nannfeldt; doe. Nils Quennerstedt. Sallskapet har till andama.I att vacka och underhalla The object of the Society is to promote investigation intresse for vaxtgeografien i vidstracktaste mening, in flora and vegetation, their history and their eco­ att framja utforskandet_av flora och vegetation i Sve­ logical background. Through publication of mono­ rige och andra lander och att havda geobotanikens graphs, and other activities, the Society tries to praktiska och vetenskapliga betydelse. stimulate geobotanical research and its application Sallskapet anordnar sammankomster och exkur­ to practical and scientific problems. Membership is sioner och utger publikationsserien Acta phytogeo­ open to all persons, in Sweden and e]sewhere, who graphica suecica. Varje for sallskapets. syften och have a personal interest in the advancement of verksamhet intresserad person kan vinna intrade phytogeography. efter anmalan hos sekreteraren. Foreningar, bibliotek, The Society issues the Acta Phytogeographica laroanstalter och andra institutioner kunna inga som Suecica. Individual members and subscribers (so­ abonnenter. Arsavgift 24 kr. (18:- :£or studerande); cieties, institutes, libraries, etc.) receive the Acta standigt medlemskap 400 kr. for annual dues of 24 Skr plus postage. There are Medlemmar och abonnenter erhalla Acta mot additional fees in years when more than one volume postforskott pa arsavgift jamte porto och expedi­ are issued. Permanent membership 400 Skr. For tionskostnad. Da flera band utges under samma ar, membership please apply to the Secretary. uttages en tillaggsavgift for extra band. Postgiro 7 504 7. Back volumes may be obtained by members and Medlemmar och abonnenter kunna erhalla aldre subscribers at reduced cost (see list of publications, publikationer till reducerat pris (parentespriset i prices in brackets). To receive the Acta by exchange listan). for other publications, please apply to the Institute Librarian (address as above). SVENSKA VAXTSOCIOLOGISKA SALLSKAPETS HANDLINGAR I. H. OsvALD, Die Vegetation des Hochmoores Komosse. 6. TB. C. E. FRIES, Die Rolle des Gesteinsgrundes bei der 1923. 40: - (27: -}. Verbreitung der Gebirgspflanzen in Skandinavien. 2. G. E. Du RIETZ, Gotlii.ndische Vegetationsstudien. 1925. 3: - (2: -). 1925. 12: - (8: -}. 7. H. OsvALD, Zur Vegetation der ozeanischen Hochmoore 3. G. E. Du RIETZ & J. A. NANNFELDT, Ryggmossen und in Norwegen. 1925. 15:- (10: -). Stigsbo Rodmosse, die letzten lebenden Hochmoore 8. G. E. Du RIETZ, Die regionale Gliederung der skandi­ der Gegend von Uppsa.la.. 1925. 6: - (4: -). na.vischen Vegetation. 1925. 15: - (10: -) . 4. G. E. Du RIETZ, Zur Kenntnis der flechtenreichen 9. G. SAMUELSSON, Untersuchungen iiber die hohere Zwergstra.uchheiden im kontinenta.len Siidnorwegen. Wasserflora von Dalarne. 1925. 6:- (4: -). 1925. 12: - (8: -). 10. TB. C. E. FRIEs, En vaxtsociologisk huvudfraga. (A 5. TB:. C. E. FRIEs, Okologische Un.d phii.nologische Beob­ principal problem of phytosociology.) 1926. 0: 50 (0: 25). a.chtungen bei Abisko in den Jahren 1917-1919. I. 1925. 15: - (10: -). ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 1. E. Al.MQUIST, Upplands vegetation och flora. (Vegeta­ their distribution in. Northwestern Europe.) 1932. 12: - tion and flora of Uppland.) 1929. 40:- (27: -). (8: -). 2. S. THUNMARK, Der See Fiolen und seine Vegetation. 5. H. OsvALD, Vegetation of the Pacific coast bogs of 1931. 21:- (14: -). North America. 1933. 12:- (8: -). 3. G. E. Du RIETZ, Life-forms of terrestrial flowering 6. G. SAMUELSSON, Die Verbreitung der hoheren Wasser­ plants. I. 1931. 15:- (10: -). pflanzen in Nordeuropa. 1934. 21: - (14: -). 4. B. LINDQUIST, Om den vildvaxa.nde skogsalmens raser 7. G. DEGELIUS, Das ozea.nische Element der Strauch­ och deras utbredning i Nordvii.steuropa. (Summary: und Laubflechtenflora von Skandinavien. 1935. 36: ;_ The races of spontaneous Ulmus glabra. Huds. and (24: -). ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 49 FEATURES OF AFROALPINE PLANT ECOLOGY avec un resume en fran�aise BY OLOV HEDBERG UPPSALA 1964 Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri AB Illustrations printed with contribution from Langmanska Kulturfonden Contents Frontispiece Lobelia keniensis 59 Preface 5 Carduus keniensis 61 Introduction 7 Conclusion on "Giant rosette plants" 62 Frost heaving resistance 64 I. AFROALPINE ENVIRONMENTS 8 Xeromorphy 70 Macro climates 8 Reduced length of internodes 73 Atmospheric pressure 8 AFROALPINE LIFE-FORMS Wind conditions and cloudiness 8 Ill. 80 Precipitation . 10 Introduction 80 Insolation and (outward) long wave Current life-form systems 80 radiation . 15 Giant rosette plants . 84 Temperature conditions 16 Tussock grasses (and sedges) 86 Relative humidity . 19 Acaulescent rosette plants 87 Number of humid months 19 Cushion plants 88 Conclusion . 20 Sclerophyllous shrubs (and dwarf-shrubs) 89 Snow and glaciers 20 Other phanerogamic life-forms 90 Microclimates. 22 Solifluction floaters 92 Soils. 26 IV. WATER ECONOMY IN THE AFROALPINE Soil water 28 FLORA 93 Solifluction 29 V. PRINCIPAL AFROALPINE PLANT COMMU- Fire 35 NITIES 96 Biotic influences 3 7 Introduction 96 Dendrosenecio woodlands 96 Il. ADAPTIVE TRENDS IN THE .AFROALPlNE FLORA 41 Helichrysum scrub I 04 Introduction 41 Alchemilla scrub 110 Protection against radiation 42 Tussock grassland 114 Temperature insulation 45 Carex bogs and related communities 118 Big grass tussocks 45 Other plant communities 128 Giant leaf rosettes . 49 Vicarious plant communities 129 Senecio keniodendron 49 RESUME. 131 Senecio brassica . 52 EXPLANATION TO TABLES 7--10 132 Other Dendrosenecios; comparison with REFERENCES. 133 Espeletia . 52 Lobelia telekii 56 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES 140 Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 49 Upper photo: Two leaf rosettes of Lobelia keniensis in night position with densely folded leaves, covered by hoar frost (cf. p. 59 and Fig. 50). The big grass tussocks are formed by Festuca pilger·i. Photo 0. Hedberg, Aug. 1948. Lower photo: Leaf rosette of Lobelia lceniensis in day position with patent leaves, between which appears the surface of the "water reservoir" described in the text (p. 59). Photo 0. Hedb rg, Aug. 1948. (Printed in Svensk Naturvetenskap, 1963.) Preface The author's first notions about afroalpine plant elaboration had to be done in spare time between ecology were received through a lecture by Pro­ other projects and has therefore required a number fessor Carl Troll given in Uppsala in the autumn of of years. In the course of this work much valuable 194 7. The impulses received on that occasion were assistance has been received from various sources, released through a minor mishap less than a year only part of which can be acknowledged here. later, when I spent a few weeks exploring the flora First of all I am indebted to Dr. Ake Holm, Upp­ on the upper parts of Mt Kenya. A bad knee forced sala, the initiator and leader of the Swedish East me to remain for a few days more or less stationary Mrica expedition in 1948, for the opportunity to around my camp in the upper part of Teleki Valley. join the expedition as well as for much help and These days were spent in making some ecological cheerful comradeship during the field work. My observations, and a few analyses of the local participation in this expedition was rendered vegetation. This vegetation, growing at an altitude economicaJly feasible by a grant from the Swedish of more than 4000 metres not far from the equator, Natural Science Research Council. The completion is exposed to a peculiar and rigorous climate with of the present book was achieved at the Institute small seasonal variations but large diurnal changes. of Systematic Botany of the University of Uppsala. Heavy frost occurs almost every night, whereas Most of the meteorological data included here were the insolation in daytime is very intense. I soon obtained from the Meteorological Institute, and discovered that the weird Giant Lobelias and Giant much of the ecological literature was consulted at Senecios growing around my camp behaved in a the Institute of Plant Ecology, both of the same very peculiar manner at night. On closer study these University. At various stages of my work I have plants proved to display some quite remarkable profited from discussions with numerous colleagues adaptations to the inhospitable afroalpine climate, and friends, notably G. E. Du Rietz, J. B. Gillett, with "summer every day and winter every night". J. Leonard, J. A. Nannfeldt, S. Nilsson, H. Rufelt, Also several other plants were found to possess R. Santesson, and H. Sjors. For multifarious help peculiar adaptations to the perils of the afro­ and encouragement, including fast and sagacious alpine environment. Similar conditions obtain, of proof-reading, I am indebted to my wife, Mrs. course, on the other high East Mrican mountains Inga Hedberg. Some of the photographs reproduced as well, and the following account embodies also here were taken by Dr. A. Holm.
Recommended publications
  • ITINERARY for CONQUER KILIMANJARO - LUXURY - 2020 Tanzania

    ITINERARY for CONQUER KILIMANJARO - LUXURY - 2020 Tanzania

    ITINERARY FOR CONQUER KILIMANJARO - LUXURY - 2020 Tanzania Let your imagination soar Journey overview Conquer Mount Kilimanjaro on this exceptional 9-day hiking adventure to the “Roof of Africa”. This once-in-a-lifetime journey, can be taken as a standalone tour or as an add-on to an East Africa safari. It will take you along the beautiful Machame Route to the summit of Kilimanjaro, where you will have the opportunity to rest at various campsites along the way. The hike is led by expert guides, with years of experience climbing this majestic mountain. You will also be assisted by a friendly crew of mountaineers to ensure your Kilimanjaro experience is truly unforgettable. The route winds through a spectacular array of landscapes, which include verdant afromontane forests, a heath zone of yellow helichrysum (also known as golden eternal flowers) and purple lobelia plants, alpine forests and glacial valleys, making for exceptional photographic opportunities. Highlights of this Itinerary The Machame Route is the most beautiful and scenic hike up Mount Kilimanjaro Reward yourself after conquering Kilimanjaro with a luxurious and relaxing stay on idyllic &Beyond Mnemba Island. Take in the incredible views from the Roof of Africa Make the most of your Adventure Discover the various stages of coffee production at a working plantation in Arusha Be sure to try Kilimanjaro Beer Don’t miss out on the opportunity to unwind on &Beyond Mnemba Island, one of the most romantic destinations in Africa. Add to your adventure with an incredible safari
  • Mountains of the Moon

    Mountains of the Moon

    MOUNTAINS OF THE MOON Some names just resonate with mystery and one such place that does that for me is the Rwenzori or Mountains of the Moon, a spectacular equatorial range that straddles Uganda and the DRC. It has that ‘heart of Africa’ appeal, truly somewhere off the beaten path - and given the effort required to get there it’s no surprise so few tourists come here. Without doubt it is the domain of the serious trekker and climber, the trails penetrate dense mossy forests and climb steeply to breathless heights above the treeline, where the reward is some of the most remarkable alpine flora to be found anywhere. I undertook my own journey with a university friend. We walked first through sweaty sub-tropical forests where the striking orange tubes of Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus stood out from the dense undergrowth. Heavy bamboo dominated above this and then it was into the subalpine zone where the otherworldly stuff began. Gorgeous broad corymbs of Helichrysum formosissimum appeared, with silvery phyllaries blushed pink - surely the ultimate everlasting daisy. Then we reached the alpine zone. Dendrosenecio adnivalis Interestingly, as with the Espletia of the Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus northern Andes, the alpine equivalent here also belongs to Asteraceae. The dominant species in the Rwenzori (with similar species in other east African mountains) Dendrosenecio adnivalis, a magnificent plant that formed dense forests in places, clothing whole mountainsides. The most obvious difference between the two genera is Dendrosenecio branch and Espletia do not. I remember seeing a specimen of a Dendrosenecio at Kew, sitting beneath a strong sunlamp.
  • Thesis Assessment of Gullele Botanic Gardens

    Thesis Assessment of Gullele Botanic Gardens

    THESIS ASSESSMENT OF GULLELE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION STRATEGY IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA RESEARCH FROM THE PEACE CORPS MASTERS INTERNATIONAL PROGAM Submitted by Carl M. Reeder Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2013 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Melinda Laituri Paul Evangelista Jessica Davis Robert Sturtevant Copyright by Carl M. Reeder 2013 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT ASSESSMENT OF GULLELE BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION STRATEGY IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA RESEARCH FROM THE PEACE CORPS MASTERS INTERNATIONAL PROGAM Monitoring of current and future conditions is critical for a conservation area to quantify results and remain competitive against alternative land uses. This study aims to monitor and evaluate the objectives of the Gullele Botanic Gardens (GBG) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The following report advances the understanding of existing understory and tree species in GBG and aims to uncover various attributes of the conservation forest. To provide a baseline dataset for future research and management practices, this report focused on species composition and carbon stock analysis of the area. Species-specific allometric equations to estimate above-ground biomass for Juniperus procera and Eucalyptus globulus are applied in this study to test the restoration strategy and strength of applied allometry to estimate carbon stock of the conservation area. The equations and carbon stock of the forest were evaluated with the following hypothesis: Removal of E. globulus of greater than 35cm DBH would impact the carbon storage (Mg ha-1) significantly as compared to the overall estimate. Conservative estimates found E.
  • Chromosome Numbers of the East African Giant Senecios and Giant Lobelias and Their Evolutionary Significancei

    Chromosome Numbers of the East African Giant Senecios and Giant Lobelias and Their Evolutionary Significancei

    American Journal of Botany 80(7): 847-853. 1993. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF THE EAST AFRICAN GIANT SENECIOS AND GIANT LOBELIAS AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCEI ERIC B. KNox2 AND ROBERT R, KOWAL Herbarium and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048; and Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1981 The gametophytic chromosome number for the giant senecios (Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Dendrosenecio) is n = 50, and for the giant lobelias (Lobeliaceae, Lobelia subgenus Tupa section Rhynchopetalumi it is n = 14. Previous sporophytic counts are generally verified, but earlier reports for the giant senecios of2n = 20 and ca. 80, the bases for claims ofintraspecific polyploidy, are unsubstantiated. The 14 new counts for the giant senecios and the ten new counts for the giant lobelias are the first garnetophytic records for these plants and include the first reports for six and four taxa, respectively, for the two groups. Only five of the II species of giant senecio and three of the 21 species of giant lobelia from eastern Africa remain uncounted. Although both groups are polyploid, the former presumably decaploid and the latter more certainly tetraploid, their adaptive radiations involved no further change in chromosome number. The cytological uniformity within each group, while providing circumstantial evidence ofmonophyly and simplifying interpretations ofcladistic analyses, provides neither positive nor negative support for a possible role of polyploidy in evolving the giant-rosette growth-form. Since their discovery last century, the giant senecios MATERIALS AND METHODS (Dendrosenecio; Nordenstam, 1978) and giant lobelias (Lobelia subgenus Tupa section Rhynchopetalum; Mab­ Excised anthers or very young flower buds of Lobelia berley, 1974b) of eastern Africa have attracted consid­ and immature heads of Dendrosenecio were fixed in the erable attention from taxonomists and evolutionary bi­ field in Carnoy's solution (3 chloroform: 2 absolute eth­ ologists (cf.
  • Yellow Admiral (Vanessa Itea)

    Yellow Admiral (Vanessa Itea)

    Yellow Admiral (Vanessa itea) Wingspan ~50mm Photo: Tony Morton Note 1: The upper side of wings shown in butterfly on the left. The underside of the wings shown in the butterfly on the left. Males and females are similar. Note 2: The plant name on the bottom right refers to the plants upon which the butterfly larvae (caterpillars) feed. Other Common Names: Australian Admiral, Admiral Family of Butterflies: Nymphalidae (Browns and Nymphs) Tony Morton’s documented records of Yellow Admiral from the local area (between 2000 to 2013): Seven Date Location Notes 21-Sep-2000 Vaughan 28-Sep-2000 Irishtown Track, Irishtown 17-Oct-2003 Vaughan 5-Sep-2005 Vaughan walk fresh 1 Butterflies of the Mount Alexander Shire – A Castlemaine Field Naturalists Club publication Date Location Notes Between Jan 2005 to Oct 2006 Kalimna Park 27-Mar-2012 Kalimna Point on sap oozing from Small Sugar Gum(?) 29-Aug-2013 Vaughan garden Other documented local observations: None Distribution Across Victoria (from Field 2013): Observations from across Victoria. Larval Host Plants (Field 2013): Shade Pellitory (Parietaria debilis) and nettles, including the introduced Stinging Nettle (Urtica urens) Larval association with ants (Field 2013): None. Adult Flight Times in Victoria (from Field 2013): Adults have been recorded during all months in Victoria, with a peak from September to January. Usually one of the first spring butterflies in Victoria.F Fly fast, and close to ground. Bask with wings open. Several generations completed each year. Conservation Status: National Butterfly Action Plan (2002): No conservation status Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999: Not listed Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988: Not listed Advisory List of Threatened Victorian Invertebrates (DSE 2009): Not listed Other Notes: Likely to be resident and moderately common the Mount Alexander Shire, particular in urban areas and wetter locations supporting nettles.
  • Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1

    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1

    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade.
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Southern California

    UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Southern California

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Southern California Climate and Vegetation Over the Past 125,000 Years from Lake Sequences in the San Bernardino Mountains A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography by Katherine Colby Glover 2016 © Copyright by Katherine Colby Glover 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Southern California Climate and Vegetation Over the Past 125,000 Years from Lake Sequences in the San Bernardino Mountains by Katherine Colby Glover Doctor of Philosophy in Geography University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Glen Michael MacDonald, Chair Long sediment records from offshore and terrestrial basins in California show a history of vegetation and climatic change since the last interglacial (130,000 years BP). Vegetation sensitive to temperature and hydroclimatic change tended to be basin-specific, though the expansion of shrubs and herbs universally signalled arid conditions, and landscpe conversion to steppe. Multi-proxy analyses were conducted on two cores from the Big Bear Valley in the San Bernardino Mountains to reconstruct a 125,000-year history for alpine southern California, at the transition between mediterranean alpine forest and Mojave desert. Age control was based upon radiocarbon and luminescence dating. Loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility, grain size, x-ray fluorescence, pollen, biogenic silica, and charcoal analyses showed that the paleoclimate of the San Bernardino Mountains was highly subject to globally pervasive forcing mechanisms that register in northern hemispheric oceans. Primary productivity in Baldwin Lake during most of its ii history showed a strong correlation to historic fluctuations in local summer solar radiation values.
  • Ficha Catalográfica Online

    Ficha Catalográfica Online

    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA – IB SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE Thesis presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Plant Biology Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Biologia Vegetal ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa E ORIENTADA PELA Profa. Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral (UNICAMP) E CO- ORIENTADA pelo Prof. William Wayt Thomas (NYBG). Orientadora: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral Co-Orientador: William Wayt Thomas CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CNPq, 142322/2015-6; CAPES Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Costa, Suzana Maria dos Santos, 1987- C823s CosSystematic studies in Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae) / Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. CosOrientador: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral. CosCoorientador: William Wayt Thomas. CosTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Cos1. Savanas. 2. Campinarana. 3. Campos rupestres. 4. Filogenia - Aspectos moleculares. 5. Cyperaceae. I. Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do, 1958-. II. Thomas, William Wayt, 1951-. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. IV. Título.
  • Purple Lovegrass (Eragrostis Spectabilis)

    Purple Lovegrass (Eragrostis Spectabilis)

    Purple lovegrass ¤ The common name and Latin name are relatable. Eragrostis is derived from “Eros”, Eragrostis spectabilis the Greek word for love, and “Agrostis”, Family: Poaceae Genus: Eragrostis Species: spectabilis the Greek word for grass. Average Height: 24 inches Bloom Time: July and August Elevation Range: All elevations of the Piedmont, less common at high elevations. Geologic/Soil Associations: Generalist. Does well in nutrient-poor, sandy, rocky, or gravelly soil. Soil Drainage Regime: Xeric, dry-mesic, and mesic, well drained. Aspect: Full sun. East, South, & West. Rarely on fully exposed north facing xeric slopes. Habitat Associations: River shores and bars, riverside prairies, prairies in powerline right-of-ways, dry woodlands and barrens, clearings, fields, roadsides, hot and dry landscape restorations in urban spaces and natural area preserves, and other open, disturbed habitats. Common in the Piedmont. ¤ 6 or more florets per spikelet (best observed with hand lens) Flora Associations: This tough little bunch-grass grows in the harshest of roadside conditions, even where winter road salt is applied. It can also thrive alongside black walnut trees where many plants cannot. It is joined in these rough environs by its fellow stalwarts; little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), Virginia wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), St. John’s-wort (Hypericum spp.), winged sumac (Rhus copallinum) and common yarrow (Achillea borealis). In less toxic spaces, such as powerline right-of -ways, purple lovegrass associates closely with many more species, including butterfly-weed (Asclepias tuberosa), and pasture thistle (Cirsium pumilum). Purple lovegrass is dependent on the nutrient-poor, dry conditions it favors. On moist fertile ground taller species would soon shade it out.
  • Poa Billardierei

    Poa Billardierei

    Poa billardierei COMMON NAME Sand tussock, hinarepe SYNONYMS Festuca littoralis Labill.; Schedonorus littoralis (Labill.) P.Beauv.; Triodia billardierei Spreng.; Poa billardierei (Spreng.)St.-Yves; Schedonorus billardiereanus Nees; Arundo triodioides Trin.; Schedonorus littoralis var. alpha minor Hook.f.; Austrofestuca littoralis (Labill.) E.B.Alexev. FAMILY Poaceae AUTHORITY Poa billardierei (Spreng.)St.-Yves FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON No Austrofestuca littoralis. Photographer: Kevin Matthews ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Grasses NVS CODE POABIL CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 28 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: SO PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: SO 2004 | Gradual Decline DISTRIBUTION Austrofestuca littoralis. Photographer: Geoff North Island, South Island, Chatham Island (apparently absent from Walls Chatham Island now despite being formerly abundant). Also found in temperate Australia. HABITAT Coastal dunes; sandy and rocky places near the shore, especially foredunes and dune hollows. FEATURES Yellow-green tussocks up to about 70 cm tall. Leaves fine, rolled, somewhat drooping (coarser than silver tussock), initially green, often fading at tips to silver, and drying to golden-straw colour. Seed heads no longer than leaves; seeds relatively large, barley-like, leaving a characteristic zig-zag look to the remaining head when fallen. Flowers in early summer and the seed are produced in late summer. It could be confused with Poa chathamica which has blue- green or grass-green flat leaves and an open seed head which overtops the foliage. It could also be confused with marram grass which has similar foliage but large cat’stail-like seed heads which overtop the foliage. SIMILAR TAXA Ammophila arenaria (marram grass) is often confused with sand tussock because they grow in the same habitat.
  • History and Evolution of the Afroalpine Flora

    History and Evolution of the Afroalpine Flora

    Alpine Botany https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-021-00256-9 REVIEW History and evolution of the afroalpine fora: in the footsteps of Olov Hedberg Christian Brochmann1 · Abel Gizaw1 · Desalegn Chala1 · Martha Kandziora2 · Gerald Eilu3 · Magnus Popp1 · Michael D. Pirie4 · Berit Gehrke4 Received: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 10 May 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The monumental work of Olov Hedberg provided deep insights into the spectacular and fragmented tropical alpine fora of the African sky islands. Here we review recent molecular and niche modelling studies and re-examine Hedberg’s hypotheses and conclusions. Colonisation started when mountain uplift established the harsh diurnal climate with nightly frosts, acceler- ated throughout the last 5 Myr (Plio-Pleistocene), and resulted in a fora rich in local endemics. Recruitment was dominated by long-distance dispersals (LDDs) from seasonally cold, remote areas, mainly in Eurasia. Colonisation was only rarely followed by substantial diversifcation. Instead, most of the larger genera and even species colonised the afroalpine habitat multiple times independently. Conspicuous parallel evolution occurred among mountains, e.g., of gigantism in Lobelia and Dendrosenecio and dwarf shrubs in Alchemilla. Although the alpine habitat was ~ 8 times larger and the treeline was ~ 1000 m lower than today during the Last Glacial Maximum, genetic data suggest that the fora was shaped by strong intermountain isolation interrupted by rare LDDs rather than ecological connectivity. The new evidence points to a much younger and more dynamic island scenario than envisioned by Hedberg: the afroalpine fora is unsaturated and fragile, it was repeatedly disrupted by the Pleistocene climate oscillations, and it harbours taxonomic and genetic diversity that is unique but severely depauperated by frequent bottlenecks and cycles of colonisation, extinction, and recolonisation.
  • Entry for Festuca Abyssinica A. Rich. [Family GRAMINEAE]

    Entry for Festuca Abyssinica A. Rich. [Family GRAMINEAE]

    Entry for Festuca abyssinica A. Rich. [family GRAMINEAE] http://plants.jstor.org/flora/fz7932 http://www.jstor.org Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the contributing partner regarding any further use of this work. Partner contact information may be obtained at http://plants.jstor.org/page/about/plants/PlantsProject.jsp. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Page 1 of 4 Entry for Festuca abyssinica A. Rich. [family GRAMINEAE] Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) Collection Flora Zambesiaca Resource Type Reference Sources Entry from FZ, Vol 10 Part 1 (1971) Author: E. Launert Names Festuca abyssinica A. Rich. [family GRAMINEAE], Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 433 (1851). — Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. A: 126 (1895); op. cit.