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Ficha Catalográfica Online UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA – IB SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE Thesis presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Plant Biology Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Biologia Vegetal ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa E ORIENTADA PELA Profa. Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral (UNICAMP) E CO- ORIENTADA pelo Prof. William Wayt Thomas (NYBG). Orientadora: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral Co-Orientador: William Wayt Thomas CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CNPq, 142322/2015-6; CAPES Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Costa, Suzana Maria dos Santos, 1987- C823s CosSystematic studies in Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae) / Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. CosOrientador: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral. CosCoorientador: William Wayt Thomas. CosTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Cos1. Savanas. 2. Campinarana. 3. Campos rupestres. 4. Filogenia - Aspectos moleculares. 5. Cyperaceae. I. Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do, 1958-. II. Thomas, William Wayt, 1951-. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. IV. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Estudos filogenéticos e sistemáticos em Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae) Palavras-chave em inglês: Savannas Campinaranas Rupestrian fields Phylogeny - Molecular aspects Cyperaceae Área de concentração: Biologia Vegetal Titulação: Doutora em Biologia Vegetal Banca examinadora: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral [Orientador] Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh André dos Santos Bragança Gil Aparecida Donisete de Faria Marcelo Reginato Data de defesa: 18-04-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Biologia Vegetal Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Campinas, 18 de abril de 2018. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral (Orientadora) Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh André dos Santos Bragança Gil Aparecida Donisete de Faria Marcelo Reginato Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. AGRADECIMENTOS Antes de quaisquer pessoas, agradeço aos meus pais, Ozana e Lucas, por todo o apoio e investimento que deram a minha Educação: sou grata pelo exemplo que são para a formação do meu caráter e pela oportunidade de me dedicar exclusivamente a minha formação acadêmica. Às minhas irmãs, Rosana e Luciana: eternas companheiras neste aprendizado sobre os diferentes modos de ser mulher, negra e independente neste mundo. Ao Emerson: companheiro de não-tão-longa data que parece me acompanhar já há muito tempo e que aguentou com respeito e empatia meus conflitos internos nestes passos finais da tese. Aos meus familiares, antepassados e contemporâneos, obrigada! Agradeço grandemente a Profa. Maria do Carmo por ter aceitado me orientar em mais esta etapa de pós-graduação (depois de dois anos e meio de mestrado, ainda me aguentou por mais quatro anos! =P). Ao Prof. Wayt Thomas, pelo voto de confiança quando o convidei para coorientação nesta pesquisa. Aos dois agradeço pela excelência de orientação, que me permitiu entender quais modelos quero seguir quando tiver alunos sob minha tutela. Por me mostrarem que é possível uma pós-graduação onde o fator humano não é esquecido ou subjulgado, ainda que haja prazos e recursos restritivos. Agradeço à Rosemeri Morokawa, pela preciosa colaboração nesta pesquisa: espero que venham muito mais trabalhos pela frente! À Nathália Streher e Marina Wolowski, pela parceria com os trabalhos de polinização (não incluí na tese, mas vamos finalizar?! =P). Agradeço ao PPG – Biologia Vegetal, professores e funcionários. Aos professores, pelos preciosos conhecimentos transmitidos nas aulas. Aos funcionários que dentro da sobrecarga de trabalho certamente fazem o possível para atender as necessidades discentes (especialmente o João Galvão, Rafael Pessoa e Maria Roseli!). Agradeço a todos os colegas e funcionários da Unicamp e demais instituições pelo coleguismo ao longo dessa jornada. Agradeço a todas as equipes de herbários e unidades de conservação por onde passei, por facilitarem tanto minhas expedições e visitas. Agradeço pela oportunidade de aprender e conhecer tanto sobre o Brasil e sobre as pessoas que nele habitam (êta! Povo bonito e guerreiro!). Aos amigos que carrego desde a adolescência (Driele), graduação (Thiago Ranniery, Zé Junior, Dani “sis”) e mestrado (Kátia, Martinha, Gabi, Anna, Luciana, Shimizu, Nah, Talitex, Larissa, Marcelinho, Rosemeri, Milena, Marcela, Edson Junior, Murilo e tantos outros). As minhas primeiras amizades em Campinas, especialmente Tiago “Padre”, Gabi Atique, Anna Abrahão e Luciana Franci. E aos que conheci e/ou me aproximei no doutorado (Ana Claúdia, Kyria, Elimar, Edimar, Amanda, João Nazário, Raquel, Pavarotti, João do Carmo, Andreza (malvadeza), Batata, Juliana, Nicoll, Rebeca, Maíra, Guilherme, Kaire, Pedro Joel e tantos outros que agora fogem da memória!). [Desculpa se não coloquei seu nome! Se você acha é meu amigo, seu nome deveria estar aqui! =P]. Agradeço a Alba Luz Arbeláez e aos colegas que me receberam durante minha viagem ao The Missouri Botanical Garden. Agradeço ao prof. Thomas e Ina Ina Vandebroek pela recepção calorosa durante o doutorado-sanduíche em Nova Iorque, no The New York Botnaical Garden. Agradeço a Ina por dividir comigo sua morada e o convívio com o Koko. Finalmente, agradeço a todas as medidas de inclusão social que permitem que mulheres, afrodescendentes, pobres, pessoas com limitações físicas e cognitivas ou que simplesmente estão distantes dos grandes centros urbanos tenham acesso a uma educação gratuita e de qualidade. Mesmo que eu não tenha sido diretamente favorecida por essas medidas, elas são impreteríveis em uma sociedade que pretenda ser justa. Muito Obrigada! Caçador de Mim Milton Nascimento Sergio Magrão e Luiz Carlos Sá (compositores) Por tanto amor, por tanta emoção A vida me fez assim Doce ou atroz, manso ou feroz Eu, caçador de mim Preso a canções Entregue a paixões que nunca Tiveram fim Vou me encontrar longe do meu lugar Eu, caçador de mim Nada a temer Senão o correr da luta Nada a fazer Senão esquecer o medo Abrir o peito à força Numa procura Fugir às armadilhas da meta escura Longe se vai sonhando demais Mas onde se chega assim Vou descobrir o que me faz sentir Eu, caçador de mim RESUMO A pesquisa desenvolvida nesta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo esclarecer relações filogenéticas envolvendo a tribo Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae), além de contribuir para o reconhecimento de seus representantes. O trabalho encontra-se organizado em duas etapas. Na primeira parte (CAPÍTULO 1 e 2) são realizados estudos filogenéticos moleculares e morfológicos buscando reafirmar Cryptangieae como uma tribo e esclarecer o limite de seus gêneros. A segunda etapa traz o material necessário para o reconhecimento de novas espécies (CAPÍTULO 3), especialmente ocorrentes no Escudo das Guianas, e um tratamento atualizado de Cephalocarpus (CAPÍTULO 4). Ao final, impressões sobre os resultados obtidos e possíveis projetos futuros com a tribo são brevemente apresentados. Palavras-chave: White-sand savanas, campinaranas, campos rupestres, Neotrópicos ABSTRACT I developed this PhD project aiming to clarify filogenetic relationships involving the sedge tribe Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae), and also to contribute to the recognition of its representatives. We organized the research in two steps. In the first part (CHAPTER 1 and 2), we perform molecular phylogenies and morphology studies to assert Cryptangieae as a tribe ans clarify its genera boundaries. Secondly we provide the essential material to the recognition of new species (CHAPTER 3), especially occuring in the Guiana Shield, and an updated treatment to the Cephalocarpus (CHAPTER 4). Finally, I discuss briefly about the results and possible future projects with the tribe. Keywords: White-sand savanas, campinaranas, campos rupestres, Neotropics Sumário INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................................... 13 Figura 1 – Cryptangieae morphological aspects (images): A-C) Inflorescences: A. spike-like inflorescence at Exochogyne amazonica, B. head-like inflorescence at Cephalocarpus confertus, C. panicle-like inflorescence at Lagenocarpus bracteosus. D-F) Inflorescence insertion: D. lateral and head-like inflorescence, E. lateral and panicle-like inflorescence, F. terminal and panicle-like inflorescence. G-H) Paracladia branching: G. with branches of many orders at Lagenocarpus sabanensis and, E. with just the 1st order at Lagenocarpus cf. glomerulatus. .................................. 15 Tabela 1 – Circunscrição dos representantes de Cryptangieae de acordo com as revisões taxonômicas de Koyama (2003, 2004) e Vitta (2005) e sua apresentação em listagem para o Brasil (Alves et al. 2009) ............................................................................................................................
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