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Cyperaceae) and Expand Its Range in the Western Mediterranean Anales Del Jardín Botánico De Madrid, Vol Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Benítez-Benítez, Carmen; Míguez, Mónica; Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro; Martín-Bravo, Santiago Molecular and morphological data resurrect the long neglected Carex laxula (Cyperaceae) and expand its range in the western Mediterranean Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 74, núm. 1, 2017, pp. 1-12 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55651825011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 74(1): e057 2017. ISSN: 0211-1322. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2438 Molecular and morphological data resurrect the long neglected Carex laxula (Cyperaceae) and expand its range in the western Mediterranean Carmen Benítez-Benítez1,*, Mónica Míguez1, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías2 & Santiago Martín-Bravo1 1 Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ctra. de Utrera km 1 s.n., 41013 Seville, Spain; [email protected] 2 New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458, USA Abstract Resumen Benítez-Benítez, C., Míguez, M., Jiménez-Mejías, P. & Martín- Benítez-Benítez, C., Míguez, M., Jiménez-Mejías, P. & Martín-Bravo, Bravo, S. 2017. Molecular and morphological data resurrect the long S. 2017. Datos moleculares y morfológicos resucitan la olvidada Carex neglected Carex laxula (Cyperaceae) and expand its range in the western la xula (Cyperaceae) y aumentan su área de distribución en la cuenca Mediterranean. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 74(1): e057. mediterránea occidental. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 74(1): e057. Carex sylvatica subsp. paui is a poorly studied taxon considered Carex sylvatica subsp. paui es un taxon poco estudiado considerado endemic from a few places in the western Mediterranean. It has been endémico de unos pocos lugares del oeste del Mediterráneo. Ha sido frequently misidentified as C. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica. To date, it has frecuentemente confundida con C. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica. Hasta la been reported only from the NE Iberian Peninsula and the NW Africa. fecha, se ha citado solo del noreste de España y el noroeste de África. We use molecular —nuclear ribosomal and plastid sequences— and Utilizamos datos moleculares —secuencias nucleares y plastiales— y morphological data to shed light on the taxonomic circumscription morfológicos para estudiar la delimitación taxonómica y distribución and distribution of this taxon, especially regarding its distinction from de este taxon, especialmente en relación con la subespecie tipo. Los the type subspecies. The genetic data support the recognition of C. syl­ datos genéticos apoyan el reconocimiento de C. sylvatica subsp. paui vatica subsp. paui as an independent taxon, and confirm new records como un taxon independiente y confirman su presencia en los archi- from the Balearic and Tuscan archipelagos. It implies a considerable piélagos baleárico y toscano. Esto implica un considerable aumento increase in its range and a new taxon for the Italian flora. Strikingly, de su área de distribución y un nuevo taxon para la flora italiana. the morphometric analyses revealed that the Sicilian type specimen of Sorprendentemente, los análisis morfométricos han mostrado que C. laxula identifies this species with C. sylvatica subsp. paui. We con- el espécimen siciliano y tipo de C. laxula es C. sylvatica subsp. paui. sider that the taxon should be ranked at the species level. Based on the Consideramos que este taxon debería ser reconocido al nivel de especie. priority of the name C. laxula over C. paui, we subsume C. sylvatica Dada la prioridad del nombre C. laxula sobre C. paui, sinonimizamos subsp. paui in C. laxula. We also provide notes on the ecology of the C. sylvatica subsp. paui a C. laxula. Además, proporcionamos infor- species. mación sobre la ecología de esta especie. Keywords: Balearic archipelago, Carex sect. Sylvaticae, ITS, Palabras clave: Archipiélago balear, archipiélago toscano, Carex sect. Mediterranean flora, taxonomy, Tyrrhenian, Tuscan archipelago, 5’trnK. Sylvaticae, flora mediterránea, ITS, taxonomía, tirreno, 5’trnK. ORCID ID: C. Benítez-Benítez (http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-0343); M. Míguez (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-2121); P. Jiménez-Mejías (http:// orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-4477); S. Martín-Bravo (http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0626-0770). Received: 15-XII-2015; accepted: 8-XI-2016; published online: 12-VI-2017; Associate Editor: Pilar Catalán. Copyright: © 2017 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License. INTRODUCTION ex Bailey, and C. sect. Rostrales Meinsh. (Global Carex The genus Carex L. —with more than 2,000 species— Group, 2016). Carex sylvatica Huds. is native to the Old comprises about 40% of the total number of taxa of the World and it is the most widespread species of C. sect. family Cyperaceae (Reznicek, 1990; Global Carex Group, Sylvaticae, being distributed in Europe, western Asia, and 2015). It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with most northern Africa; it has also been reported as introduced species diversity distributed in temperate regions of the in North America and New Zealand (Govaerts & al., Northern Hemisphere. Carex sect. Sylvaticae Rouy is a 2016). Three subspecies are currently recognized within morphologically well-defined small section that currently C. sylvatica: C. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica, C. sylvatica comprises 6 species (Table 1) distributed in temperate subsp. latifrons (V.I. Krecz.) Ö. Nilsson, and C. sylvatica Europe, western Asia, northern and southern Africa. It is subsp. paui (Sennen) A. Bolòs & O. Bolòs (Egorova, 1999; placed in C. subg. Carex, and is nested in a well-supported Jiménez-Mejías & Luceño, 2011). Carex sylvatica subsp. clade together with C. sect. Rhynchocystis Dumort., C. sylvatica is widely distributed across most Atlantic and sect. Ceratocystis Dumort., C. sect. Spirostachyae Drejer Eurosiberian Europe and western Asia (Egorova, 1999; * Corresponding author C. Benítez-Benítez & al. 2 Table 1. Taxonomic treatment of C. sect. Sylvaticae according to Egorova (1999), Jiménez-Mejías & Luceño (2011), and Martín-Bravo & al. (2013), modified after the results of this study and Global Carex Group (2016). Synonyms at species level follow Govaerts & al. (2016). Accepted taxa Synonyms Global distribution C. cretica Gradst & J. Kern Crete C. hypaneura V.I. Krecz. Southern Caucasus C. laxula Tineo ex Boott C. algeriensis Nelmes; C. paui Western Mediterranean: northeastern Spain, Balearic Islands, Tuscan Sennen archipelago, northeastern Algeria, northern Tunisia, and Sicily C. rainbowii Luceño & al. South Africa C. sylvatica Huds. subsp. sylvatica Europe to western Asia C. sylvatica subsp. latifrons C. latifolia Boiss. & Balansa Northeastern Anatolia, Georgia, and adjacent Caucasus (Nilsson, 1985) (V.I. Krecz) Ö. Nilsson. C. vulcani Hochst. ex Seub. Azores archipelago Jiménez-Mejías & Luceño, 2011). Carex sylvatica subsp. MATERIAL AND METHODS latifrons is distributed in southwestern Asia, from Turkey to the western Caucasus, and inhabits forests and wet Molecular study meadows (Nilsson, 1985). Eventually, C. sylvatica subsp. paui has been considered a Mediterranean element with We performed a phylogenetic reconstruction to infer the a hitherto known distribution restricted to the north- phylogenetic placement of the Balearic and Tuscan indi- eastern Iberian Peninsula —Catalonia and Navarra— viduals and to assess the degree of genetic differentiation (Bolòs & Vigo, 2001; Luceño & al., 2008; Aizpuru & al., between C. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica and C. sylvatica subsp. 1999, Jiménez-Mejías & Luceño, 2011), and northwest- paui. Our sampling (Appendix 1) included: 18 samples of ern Africa —Algeria and Tunisia— (Jiménez-Mejías & C. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica, selected to representatively Luceño, 2011; Martín-Bravo & al., 2013). cover its distribution area; 5 samples previously classified Despite being an especially well-known area from as C. sylvatica subsp. paui from northwestern Africa and the floristic point of view, the Mediterranean region is northern Spain; 3 samples of the C. sylvatica subsp. paui- still revealing some taxonomic and biogeographic novel- like plants from the Balearic and Tuscan Archipelagos; 4 ties. Such new findings have been especially remarkable samples of two other species of C. sect. Sylvaticae —C. in family Cyperaceae due to its complicate taxonomy. rainbowii and C. cretica—; and 6 samples representing two Recent studies have revealed the presence of previously species of each of the three sections phylogenetically closely unknown species in different areas —v.gr., Schoenoplectus related to C. sect. Sylvaticae (Waterway & Starr, 2007; corymbosus (Roth ex Roem. & Schult) J. Raynal (Jiménez- Martín-Bravo & al., 2013): C. demissa Hornem. and C. flava Mejías & al., 2007) and Cyperus glaber L. (Verloove & L. —C. sect. Ceratocystis—; C. distans L. and C. punctata Mesterházy, 2013) in Spain, Cyperus erythrorrhizos Muhl. Gaudin —C. sect. Spirostachyae—; C. pendula Huds. and (Verloove & Saiani, 2015) alien in Italy, and C. castro­ C. bequaertii De Wild. —C. sect. Rhynchocystis—.
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