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The Changing Face of the Genus Vipera I 145
The changing face of the genus Vipera I 145 THE CHANGING FACE OF THE GENUS VIPERA By: Twan Leenders, Prof. Bromstraat 59, 6525 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Contents: Introduction - Systematic review - Characteristics of the different groups: Pelias group - Rhinaspis-group - Xanthina-complex - Lebetina-group - Russelli-group - Pseudoce rastes persicus - Literature - Note added in proof English correction by Chris Mattison. * * * INTRODUCTION The systematic division of the genus Vipera changes almost constantly. Not only because of the description of several new species, but also because our understanding of the interspecific relationships improves. Sometimes a certain species is thought to be more closely related to another than it was previously, and is granted the subspecies-status but it can also happen the other way around, when a subspecies is granted the species-status. Nowadays, advanced techniques are being used to establish or rule out kinship. Originally the division of the animal kingdom was entirely based on external characteris tics. Later this was combined with internal anatomic characteristics such as hemipenis structure or skeletal features. Currently, relationships are, together with the characteris tics already mentioned established by analysis of chromosomes or the chemical composition of venom or tissue. Because it is very hard to know with any certainty what the relationship between species is and how their evolutionary development occurred, any scientist who is working on the subject has his ( or her) own ideas regarding the 'real' development. In systematics (= biological science which is dedicated to the relationship between organisms and their taxonomic placement) two important directions exist: the so-called 'splitters' and 'lumpers'. -
Corsica in Autumn
Corsica in Autumn Naturetrek Tour Report 25 September - 2 October 2016 Report compiled by David Tattersfield Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Corsica in Autumn Tour participants: David Tattersfield and Jason Mitchell (leaders) with 10 Naturetrek clients Day 1 Sunday 25th September We arrived at Calvi airport at 1.00pm. It was sunny and hot, with a temperature of 28°C. We drove first into Calvi, to allow a brief exploration of the town and to buy provisions for our lunches. The first butterfly we saw was a Geranium Bronze, on some Pelargoniums, a new record for us, in Corsica. We travelled south, through the maquis-covered hills, crossed the dried-up Fango river and stopped by the rocky coastline, just north of Galeria, for lunch. Plants of interest, in the vicinity, included the yellow-flowered Stink Aster Dittrichia viscosa, the familiar Curry Plant Helichrysum italicum, and a robust glaucous-leaved spurge Euphorbia pithyusa subsp. pithyusa. On the rocks, by the shore, were two of the islands rare endemics, the pink Corsican Stork’s-bill Erodium corsicum and the intricately-branched sea lavender Limonium corsicum. Our first lizard was the endemic Tyrrhenian Wall Lizard, the commonest species on the island. We headed south, on the narrow winding road, stopping next at the Col de Palmarella, to enjoy the views over the Golfe de Girolata and the rugged headland of Scandola. Just before reaching Porto, we entered some very dramatic scenery of red granite cliffs and made another stop, to have a closer look at the plants and enjoy the view. -
9.6. Annexe F : Notes Relatives Aux Espèces Allochtones Pour Au Moins
- 111 - 9.6. Annexe F : notes relatives aux espèces allochtones pour au moins une entité biogéographique de France et aux espèces autochtones temporairement disparues de France puis de retour (n = 154 invasions biologiques) 9.6. Annexe F : notes relatives aux espèces allochtones pour au moins une entité biogéographique de France et aux espèces autochtones temporairement disparues de France puis de retour (n = 154 invasions biologiques)....................................................................................... 111 9.6.1. Ichthyofaune.............................................................................................................. 114 L'Aspe : Aspius aspius (Linné, 1758) ..................................................................................... 114 Le Carassin doré : Carassius auratus (Linné, 1758).............................................................. 114 Le Carassin commun : Carassius carassius (Linné, 1758).................................................... 115 Le Carassin argenté : Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782).......................................................... 115 La Carpe commune : Cyprinus carpio Linné, 1758................................................................ 116 Le Goujon : Gobio gobio (Linné, 1766) .................................................................................. 119 L’Able de Heckel : Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) ..................................................... 119 L'Ide mélanote : Leuciscus idus (Linné, 1766)...................................................................... -
A Case of Self-Cannibalism in a Wild-Caught South-Italian Asp Viper, Vipera Aspis Hugyi (Squamata: Viperidae) Piero Carlino Olivier S
Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 50(9):137, 2015 A Case of Self-cannibalism in a Wild-caught South-Italian Asp Viper, Vipera aspis hugyi (Squamata: Viperidae) Piero Carlino Olivier S. G. Pauwels Museo di Storia naturale del Salento Département des Vertébrés Récents Via Sp. Calimera-Borgagne km 1 Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 73021 Calimera, Lecce Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels ITALY BELGIUM [email protected] [email protected] On 27 August 2014 at 1130 h, a female Vipera aspis hugyi Mattison, 2007). It seems to be often caused by the stress gener- Schinz, 1834 (18 cm total length) was found in a retrodunal ated by captivity, as is apparently also the case here. environment (40.003121°N; 18.015930°E, datum WGS84; 4 m asl) between the Mediterranean sea and a pine forest, ca. 6 km SE of Gallipoli town, Lecce Province, southeastern Italy. This taxon was already known from three other localities in Lecce Province (Fattizzo and Marzano, 2002) and its occurrence in this newly recorded locality was not unexpected. The snake was temporarily removed from its habitat because it was surrounded by people and at obvious risk to be killed, with the intention to release it at the same spot a week later. It seemed healthy at the time of its capture, and was kept in a standard terrarium (24– 28EC, 70–85% humidity) at the Provincial Wildlife Recovery Center of Lecce (input protocol OFP 331/14). After five days in captivity it was found dead, having ingested more than one- fourth of its own body. -
Conservation Assessment of the Endemic Plants of the Tuscan Archipelago, Italy
Conservation assessment of the endemic plants of the Tuscan Archipelago, Italy B RUNO F OGGI,DANIELE V ICIANI,RICCARDO M. BALDINI A NGELINO C ARTA and T OMMASO G UIDI Abstract The Mediterranean islands support a rich di- Circa 25,000 species are native to the region, with a high versity of flora, with a high percentage of endemic species. percentage of endemism (50–59%: Greuter, 1991; Médail We used the IUCN categories and criteria to assess the & Quèzel, 1997), and the archipelagos of the Mediterranean conservation status of 16 endemic plant taxa (species and are thus a natural laboratory for evolutionary studies subspecies) of the Tuscan Archipelago, based on data (Thompson, 1999). collected during field surveys over 4 years. Our data were A taxon is considered endemic when its distribution sufficient to use criteria B, C and D in our assessment. We is circumscribed to a well-defined geographical district used criterion B in the assessment of all 16 taxa, criterion C (Anderson, 1994; Cuttelod et al., 2008). Endemic taxa may for four taxa, criterion D for 11 taxa and criteria B, C and be defined as rare and potentially threatened (Ellstrand & D for three taxa, Centaurea gymnocarpa, Limonium doriae Elam, 1993; Fjeldså, 1994; Linder, 1995; Ceballos et al., 1998; and Silene capraria. According to our results L. doriae, Myers et al., 2000;Işik, 2011), and therefore they may be Romulea insularis and S. capraria are categorized as considered conservation priorities (Schnittler & Ludwig, Critically Endangered and therefore require immediate 1996; Gruttke et al., 1999). Populations of many species conservation measures; eight taxa are categorized as have declined (Butchart et al., 2010; SCBD, 2010) and Endangered, two as Vulnerable and three as Near extinction rates exceed background extinction rates by two Threatened. -
Hieracium Racemosum Subsp. Amideii (Asteraceae), a New Hawkweed Taxon from Montecristo Island (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy)
Phytotaxa 406 (5): 294–300 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.406.5.5 Hieracium racemosum subsp. amideii (Asteraceae), a new hawkweed taxon from Montecristo island (Tuscan archipelago, Italy) VINCENZO GONNELLI1,*, GÜNTER GOTTSCHLICH2 & ANTONIO ZOCCOLA3 1Via Martiri della libertà,1 52036 Pieve Santo Stefano Arezzo Italy (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 2Hermann-Kurz-Straße 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany 3 Arma dei Carabinieri - C.U.F.A. - Reparto Biodiversità di Pratovecchio Arezzo Italy Abstract A new hawkweed taxon endemic to the insula Montecristo (Tuscan archipelago, Italy), Hieracium racemosum subsp. amideii, is described and illustrated. Information on its distribution, ecology and taxonomic relationship is provided. Keywords: Tuscany, endemism, taxonomy, vascular plant Introduction Montecristo is a small uninhabited island of the Tuscan archipelago south of Elba with an area of 10,3 km2. The geologic substrate is mainly granite (Aringoli et al. 2009). The highest mountain is M. Fortezza (645 m). Since 1971 the whole island is an integral nature reserve. Only 1000 visitors are allowed to visit the island per year. The first collection of a species from genus Hieracium Linnaeus (1753: 799) from Montecristo was collected by George Watson-Taylor and classified as H. sabaudum Linnaeus (1753: 804) (Caruel 1860). Subsequently it was collected by Mori in 1902 (FI) and by Fabbri, Bavazzano and Contardo in 1964 (FI) and also named H. sabaudum. In the central Italic Herbarium in Florence there are only these three specimens stored. -
Indigenous Reptiles
Reptiles Sylvain Ursenbacher info fauna & NLU, Universität Basel pdf can be found: www.ursenbacher.com/teaching/Reptilien_UNIBE_2020.pdf Reptilia: Crocodiles Reptilia: Tuataras Reptilia: turtles Rep2lia: Squamata: snakes Rep2lia: Squamata: amphisbaenians Rep2lia: Squamata: lizards Phylogeny Tetrapoda Synapsida Amniota Lepidosauria Squamata Sauropsida Anapsida Archosauria H4 Phylogeny H5 Chiari et al. BMC Biology 2012, 10:65 Amphibians – reptiles - differences Amphibians Reptiles numerous glands, generally wet, without or with limited number skin without scales of glands, dry, with scales most of them in water, no links with water, reproduction larval stage without a larval stage most of them in water, packed in not in water, hard shell eggs tranparent jelly (leathery or with calk) passive transmission of venom, some species with active venom venom toxic skin as passive protection injection Generally in humide and shady Generally dry and warm habitats areas, nearby or directly in habitats, away from aquatic aquatic habitats habitats no or limited seasonal large seasonal movements migration movements, limited traffic inducing big traffic problems problems H6 First reptiles • first reptiles: about 320-310 millions years ago • embryo is protected against dehydration • ≈ 305 millions years ago: a dryer period ➜ new habitats for reptiles • Mesozoic (252-66 mya): “Age of Reptiles” • large disparition of species: ≈ 252 and 65 millions years ago H7 Mesozoic Quick systematic overview total species CH species (oct 2017) Order Crocodylia (crocodiles) -
Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 155: Pachybrachis51–60 (2011) sassii, a new species from the Mediterranean Giglio Island (Italy)... 51 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.155.1951 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Pachybrachis sassii, a new species from the Mediterranean Giglio Island (Italy) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) Matteo Montagna1,2,† 1 DIPAV, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Parassitologia, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy 2 DIPSA, Dipartimento di Protezione dei Sistemi Agroalimentare e Urbano e Valoriz- zazione della Biodiversità, Facoltà di Agraria Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:15F6D023-98CA-4F12-9895-99E60A55FBD6 Corresponding author: Matteo Montagna ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Konstantinov | Received 23 August 2011 | Accepted 8 December 2011 | Published 15 December 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7C527A2D-52FB-4C8C-84E9-60AC63EC8498 Citation: Montagna M (2011) Pachybrachis sassii, a new species from the Mediterranean Giglio Island (Italy) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae). ZooKeys 155: 51–60. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.155.1951 Abstract Pachybrachis sassii, new species is described from Giglio Island, of the Tuscan Archipelago (Italy). The new species belongs to the nominotypical subgenus and is closely related to P. salfiiBurlini, 1957, from which it differs in the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and in the pattern of the yellow raised spots on the elytra and pronotum. Ecological observations are made. The neotype of P. salfii from Colloreto, Monte Pollino (Italy) is designated. Keywords Entomology, taxonomy, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Pachybrachini, Tuscan Archi- pelago, neotype Introduction The genus Pachybrachis Dejean, 1836 belongs to the subfamily Cryptocephalinae (Co- leoptera, Chrysomelidae) and according to the color of the prothorax and elytra is sub- divided into two subgenera: Pachybrachis sensu stricto (hereafter s. -
Competitive Exclusion Between Podarcis Lizards from Tyrrhenian Islands: Inference from Comparative Species Distributions
Korsos, Z. &Kss, I. (eds) (1992) Proc. Sixth Ord. Gen. Meet. S. E. H., Budapest 1991, pp. 89-93. Competitive exclusion between Podarcis lizards from Tyrrhenian islands: Inference from comparative species distributions MASSIMO CAPULA Podarcis sicula is an opportunistic and eurikous lacertid lizard occurring as autochthon species in peninsular Italy, Sicily and in a number of Tyrrhenian islands and islets (HENLE & KLAVER 1986). It inhabits also the Adriatic coast of Yugosla- via and several Adriatic islands (NEVO et al. 1972). Distributional and genetic data indicate that in some Tyrrhenian islands, e.g. Sardinia, Corsica, Tuscan Archipelago, this lizard has been accidentally introduced by man in proto-historic or historic times, invading the range of other Podarcis species (e.g., P. tiliguerta, P. muralis) (LANZA 1983, 1988, CORTI et al. 1989). In these islands the allochthon P. sicula seems to have competed successfully with the native congeneric species, reducing their range (e.g., P. tiliguerta in Corsica and Sardinia) (LANZA 1983, 1988), or replacing them through competitive exclusion (e.g., P. muralis in the Tuscan Archipelago) (CORTI et al. 1989). In the present paper preliminary data are given on the occurrence of exclusion of P. wagleriana by P. sicula in the Aeolian Islands (Sicily). P. wagleriana is endemic to Sicily, Aegadian, Stagnone (Isola Grande) and Aeolian Islands, and has been traditionally considered closely related to P. sicula. Methods Competitive exclusion is one of the most dramatic natural effects of interspe- cific competition. The competitive superiority of a species has proved to be exceed- ingly difficult to analyze in natural conditions. To overcome this difficulty, we inferred the occurrence of competitive exclusion from the comparative distribu- tions and relative abundance of the two potentially competing species (GiLLER 1984). -
The Herpetological Journal
Volume 16, Number 2 April 2006 ISSN 0268-0130 THE HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL Published by the BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Herpetological Journal is published quarterly by the British Herpetological Society and is issued1 free to members. Articles are listed in Current Awareness in Biological Sciences, Current Contents, Science Citation Index and Zoological Record. Applications to purchase copies and/or for details of membership should be made to the Hon. Secretary, British Herpetological Society, The Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NWl 4RY, UK. Instructions to authors are printed inside_the back cover. All contributions should be addressed to the Scientific Editor (address below). Scientific Editor: Wolfgang Wi.ister, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK. E-mail: W.Wu [email protected] Associate Scientifi c Editors: J. W. Arntzen (Leiden), R. Brown (Liverpool) Managing Editor: Richard A. Griffi ths, The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK. E-mail: R.A.Griffi [email protected] Associate Managing Editors: M. Dos Santos, J. McKay, M. Lock Editorial Board: Donald Broadley (Zimbabwe) John Cooper (Trinidad and Tobago) John Davenport (Cork ) Andrew Gardner (Abu Dhabi) Tim Halliday (Milton Keynes) Michael Klemens (New York) Colin McCarthy (London) Andrew Milner (London) Richard Tinsley (Bristol) Copyright It is a fu ndamental condition that submitted manuscripts have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manu script, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is transferred to the publisher ifand when the article is accepted for publication. -
The Phylogenetic Signal in Cranial Morphology of <I>Vipera Aspis</I>
HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL 19: 69–77, 2009 The phylogenetic signal in cranial morphology of Vipera aspis: a contribution from geometric morphometrics A. Gentilli1, A. Cardini2, D. Fontaneto3 & M.A.L. Zuffi4 1Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Italy 2Dipartimento del Museo di Paleobiologia e dell’Orto Botanico, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy & Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, UK 3Imperial College London, Division of Biology, UK 4Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Università di Pisa, Italy Morphological variation in the frontal bone and cranial base of Vipera aspis was studied using geometric morphometrics. Significant differences in shape were found among samples from subspecies present in Italy (V. a. aspis, V. a. francisciredi, V. a. hugyi). Sexual dimorphism was negligible as well as allometry and size differences. The most divergent subspecies was V. a. aspis, possibly in relation to its recent history of geographic isolation in a glacial refugium. Shape clusters were in good agreement with clusters from studies of external morphology and completely congruent with results from molecular studies of mtDNA. Key words: asp viper, cranial shape and size, Italy, phylogeny, systematics INTRODUCTION those of other French populations. Garrigues et al. (2005) also made a preliminary comparison using mitochondrial he asp viper, Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758), is among cytochrome b and ND2 DNA sequences. However, the Tthe best studied Palaearctic viperids (Mallow et al., limited number of samples analysed by Garrigues et al. 2003). It is a small to medium-sized snake, averaging 60– (2005) did not allow any robust reconstruction of relation- 70 cm total length (50–63 cm snout–vent length), up to 82 ships within V. -
Active Foodies in Elba Island Hike and Cook with Locals in a Tuscan Island
ACTIVE FOODIES IN ELBA ISLAND HIKE AND COOK WITH LOCALS IN A TUSCAN ISLAND DESTINATION ELBA ISLAND, TUSCANY, ITALY DURATION 3 DAYS / 2 NIGHTS ACCOMMODATIONS HOTEL 3* FOCUS HIKING, FOOD AND WINE, COOKING CLASS ACTIVITY LEVEL MODERATE HOSTED IN ENGLISH LEAD TRIP LEADER DESTINATION The Tuscan Archipelago National Park is the largest marine park in Europe and it includes the seven main islands off the coast of Tuscany: Elba, Capraia, Gorgona, Pianosa, Montecristo, Giglio and Giannutri. The geological formation of each islands is very different hinting at its diversity. Elba Island is an ideal destination for outdoor activity lovers and for those who want to enjoy a holiday that combines nature, crystal-clear sea, and physical activity. Thanks to the mild climate of the island, all types of outdoor activities continue throughout the spring and autumn from easy beach strolls, to trail hikes and extreme sports in the water or on the cliff faces. Too big to be small and too small to be big, Elba is the third largest island in Italy: 224 sq Km, 7 municipalities, 32000 inhabitants, over 100 beaches, and a mountain over 1000 m of height. It boasts chestnut woods, lush oak woods, scented Mediterranean vegetation, iron mines, Roman churches, medieval villages, Renaissance fortresses, imperial residences. Elba is not an isolated island in the blue of the Tyrrhenian Sea, but the beating heart of the Tuscan Archipelago. ACTIVE TRAVEL TUSCANY is a brand of VIAGGI DEL GENIO T.O. di Turismo Sostenibile Srl - Piazza Virgilio, 34 - Portoferraio - Isola d'Elba - Italy - VAT. 01708200496 - Phone (0039) 0565 944374 Fax (0039) 0565 919809 - [email protected] www.activetraveltuscany.com TRIP SUMMARY FOR GUESTS Get off the beaten path of the typical Tuscany tours and enjoy 3 exciting active days on the magical paradise island of Elba.