Spring 2020 Full Issue

Naval War College Review Volume 73 Number 2 Spring 2020 Article 1 2020 Spring 2020 Full Issue The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The U.S. (2020) "Spring 2020 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 73 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol73/iss2/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Spring 2020 Full Issue Spring 2020 Volume 73, Number 2 Spring 2020 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2020 1 Naval War College Review, Vol. 73 [2020], No. 2, Art. 1 Cover Following the 15 April 1969 downing of an EC-121 USN reconnaissance plane by North Korean fighters, a C-130 Hercules cargo plane circled overhead and took photos. The cover photo shows crewmem- bers on the deck of a Russian antisub- marine ship and a whaleboat off its bow, both looking for debris from the downed plane. In “‘Improbable Allies,”’ Bill Streifer and Irek Sabitov relate the story of the joint U.S.-Soviet search-and-rescue and recovery operations that followed the downing, an example of international and interservice cooperation at sea during the depths of the Cold War. Source: Associated Press, from an Air Force Reserve handout https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol73/iss2/1 2 Naval War College: Spring 2020 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Spring 2020 Volume 73, Number 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2020 3 Naval War College Review, Vol. 73 [2020], No. 2, Art. 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS ADVISORY BOARD PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Adam Bellow Rear Adm. Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN Seth Cropsey PROVOST Jeffrey Kline Dr. Lewis M. Duncan Gale A. Mattox Capt. Robert C. Rubel, USN (Ret.) DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES Robert A. Silano Thomas J. Culora Marin Strmecki NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS Dov S. Zakheim Carnes Lord, Editor Robert Ayer, Managing Editor NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD Kate Acosta, Associate Editor for Books Donald Chisholm Kaila Aguiar, Associate Editor for Review Stephen Downes-Martin Jillian Sutphin, Associate Editor for Content Andrew S. Erickson Timothy J. Demy and Brad Carter, Book Review Col. Theodore L. Gatchel, USMC (Ret.) Editors Cdr. Sean Henseler, USN (Ret.) Lori A. Almeida, Administrative Assistant and Cdr. James Kraska, USN (Ret.) Circulation Manager Capt. Thomas Mangold, USN (Ret.) Frank Uhlig Jr., Editor Emeritus John Maurer Col. Mackubin Owens, USMC (Ret.) Naval War College Review Capt. Derek S. Reveron, USNR Code 32, Naval War College Capt. Peter M. Swartz, USN (Ret.) 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207 Capt. Sam Tangredi, USN (Ret.) Fax: 401-841-1071 Scott C. Truver DSN exchange, all lines: 841 James J. Wirtz Website: www.usnwc.edu/Publications/ Naval-War-College-Press http://twitter.com/NavalWarCollege Editor, Circulation, or Business 401-841-2236 [email protected] Managing Editor 401-841-4552 [email protected] Book Reviews [email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401-841-3089 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol73/iss2/1 4 Naval War College: Spring 2020 Full Issue The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discussion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or the Naval War College. The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to commands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regular and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. government officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, research centers, publications, and educational institutions. Contributors Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor or access it online before submitting manuscripts. The Naval War College Review neither offers nor makes compensation for articles or book reviews, and it assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts, although every effort is made to return those not accepted. In submitting work, the sender warrants that it is original, that it is the sender’s property, and that neither it nor a similar work by the sender has been accepted or is under consideration elsewhere. Permissions Reproduction and reprinting are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and appli- cable treaties of the United States. To obtain permission to reproduce material bearing a copyright notice, or to reproduce any material for commercial pur- poses, contact the editor for each use. Material not bearing a copyright notice may be freely reproduced for academic or other noncommercial use; however, it is requested that the author and Naval War College Review be credited and that the editor be informed. Periodicals postage paid at Newport, RI. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207. ISSN 0028-1484 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2020 5 Naval War College Review, Vol. 73 [2020], No. 2, Art. 1 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol73/iss2/1 6 Naval War College: Spring 2020 Full Issue CONTENTS From the Editors . 3 Unlearn . 7 Timothy P. Schultz President’s Forum . 13 Leadership and Decision From Accountability to Punishment . 17 Michael Junge As the Navy reenters an era of great-power competition, we should evaluate our culture of command and relearn precise language before we jettison superb commanding officers for ahistorical reasons. War Gaming The Utility of Narrative Matrix Games A Baltic Example. 33 John Curry The focus of professional gaming has shifted over time from the kinetic so as to include wider aspects of confrontations beyond war fighting, such as national will, social media, econom- ics, and the laws of war. While traditional wargame models have struggled to represent these factors adequately, the matrix game narrative method offers utility for gaming current political crises. South Asian Security The “Indo” in the “Indo-Pacific” An Indian View . 55 Yogendra Kumar and Probal K. Ghosh While some security arrangements exist in the Indo-Pacific, there is no overall regional security architecture, geopolitical headwinds are causing existing arrangements to wobble, and loose groupings of countries are emerging either to strengthen or to weaken those arrangements. India’s strategic stakes are growing, but it faces capacity and capability issues that impose prioritization constraints. Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2020 7 2 NAVAL WARNaval COLLEGE War REVIEW College Review, Vol. 73 [2020], No. 2, Art. 1 Naval History Operation EARNEST WILL The U.S. Foreign Policy behind U.S. Naval Operations in the Persian Gulf 1987–89; A Curious Case. 81 Andrew R. Marvin The Navy’s 1987 EARNEST WILL deployment to the Persian Gulf was anomalous because of its size, its ferocity, and its adoption in the face of congressional opposition. What strategic forces drove EARNEST WILL, and what practical realities drive states’ foreign policies? “Improbable Allies” The North Korean Downing of a U.S. Navy EC-121 and U.S.-Soviet Cooperation during the Cold War . 104 Bill Streifer and Irek Sabitov In April 1969, North Korea shot down a USN reconnaissance plane. Soviet surface ships were first on the scene and contributed to a joint U.S.-USSR search-and-rescue/recovery operation—a rare example of cooperation between traditional Cold War adversaries. Sir John Orde and the Trafalgar Campaign A Failure of Information Sharing . 141 J. Ross Dancy and Evan Wilson When France’s Toulon Fleet appeared off Cádiz in April 1805, Orde possessed more information about the whereabouts and strength of the Combined Fleet than any other British flag officer, placing immense responsibility on him to share that information widely and quickly. But in this he failed, costing Lord Nelson a good chance of bringing the campaign to a halt six months before Trafalgar, and providing an example of a failure to achieve mission command. Book Reviews Just War Thinkers: From Cicero to the 21st Century, ed. Daniel R. Brunstetter and Cian O’Driscoll reviewed by Edward Erwin . 172 Into the Dark Water: The Story of Three Officers and PT-109, by John J. Domagalski reviewed by Edward Gillen. 173 Active Defense: China’s Military Strategy since 1949, by M. Taylor Fravel reviewed by Dale C. Rielage. 175 Reflections on Reading . 177 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol73/iss2/1 8 Naval War College: Spring 2020 Full Issue FROM THE EDITORS The question of command accountability goes to the heart of what it means to be a military professional. Over the last few years, several major tragic accidents involving USN vessels have trained a bright spotlight on this question. In “From Accountability to Punishment,” Michael Junge offers a careful analysis of inci- dents of naval officers dismissed from the naval service, going back to World War II. He argues that a major change can be discerned in Navy practice from roughly the mid-1980s, when the widely acknowledged “zero defects” culture of today first became dominant.

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