Polacy Na Syberii Od Xix Do Xxi Wieku
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Kresy-Siberia Foundation 2016
KRESY-SIBERIA KRESY-SYBERIA Dedicated to research, remembrance and Powołana do badania, upamiętnienia i uznania recognition of Poland’s citizens fighting for obywateli polskich walczących o życie i wolność freedom and survival in eastern Poland and w okresie II wojny światowej, w okupowanych in forced exile during World War II. Kresach Wschodnich Polski i na uchodźstwie. VIRTUAL MUSEUM www.KRESY-SIBERIA.org WIRTUALNE MUZEUM Fundacja Kresy-Syberia, ul Marszałkowska 115, 00-102 Warszawa Tel. +48 22 211 88 88 [email protected] Kresy-Siberia Foundation 2016 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REPORT KRESY-SIBERIA FOUNDATION FOR ACTIVITY IN 2016 (INCLUDING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS) Warsaw, 30 June 2017 Supervision over the substantive activities of the Foundation is carried out by the Minister of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland Report prepared on the basis of the Regulation of the Minister of Justice of 8 May 2001 (Journal of Laws No. 50, item 529, as amended) on the scope of reporting on foundation activities - KSF Annual Report 2016 20170630.docx ©MMI Fundacja Kresy-Syberia / Kresy-Siberia Foundation (descripserunt Varsaviae KRS 0000326445) 1 / 9 1. FOUNDATION DETAILS 1.1 Name: KRESY-SIBERIA FOUNDATION (in Polish, FUNDACJA "KRESY-SYBERIA") 1.2 Registered address: 115 Marszałkowska Street, 00-102 Warsaw (from 24.01.2017) 1.3 Contact details: • telephone: +48 22 211 88 88 • e-mail: [email protected] • website: http://www.kresy-siberia.org 1.4 Registration information: • NCR (KRS) number: 0000326445 • REGON: 141782163 • Tax Number (NIP): 527-259-63-92 1.5 Establishment Fund: 2500 PLN 1.6 Accounts: • Bank Zachodni WBK: 08 1090 1030 0000 0001 1372 8484 • PayPal: [email protected] 2. -
Polscy Zesłańcy Po Powstaniu Styczniowym Na Południu Guberni
STUDIA POLONIJNE T. 34. Lublin 2013 SERGIUSZ LEON´ CZYK POLSCY ZESAN´ CY PO POWSTANIU STYCZNIOWYM NA POUDNIU GUBERNI JENISEJSKIEJ W DRUGIEJ POOWIE XIX WIEKU W latach 1863-1867 zesano do Rosji europejskiej, na Kaukaz i na Syberie okoo 25 200 Polaków, kilkuset chopów ukrain´skich i biaoruskich oraz Rosjan, którzy przyaczyli sie do powstania z pobudek ideowych. Wraz z zesan´cami przybyo 1800 ich krewnych, co Iacznie stanowio prawie 27 000 osób. Do tej liczby nalezy dodac´ 6000 osób wcielonych do rot aresz- tanckich na terenie Rosji europejskiej. Razem stanowi to liczbe 33 000 osób. Z tej grupy – 18 600 osób przybyo na Syberie (16 800 zesan´ców oraz 1800 osób towarzyszacych). Spos´ród 16 800 zesanych na Syberie 23% odbywao katorge, 12,8% byo skazanych na osiedlenie bez katorgi, ale z pozbawieniem wszelkich praw, 8% na „zamieszkanie”, 50,5% zaliczono do kategorii dozy- wotnich osadników (skazano na osiedlenie) z zachowaniem czes´ci praw, 5,7% zesano w trybie administracyjnym. Ponad poowe zesan´ców stanowiy osoby pochodzenia szlacheckiego, okoo 20% : mieszczan´skiego i chopskiego1. Do guberni jenisejskiej po powstaniu styczniowym skierowano 3719 osób. Spos´ród tej liczby zesan´ców na poudniu guberni w okregu minusin´skim rozmieszczono 1026 powstan´ców, zas´ w pozostaych okregach – 12362. Gubernia jenisejska bya miejscem najliczniejszego zesania Polaków po powstaniu styczniowym. Na poczatku 1864 roku w „Poozeniu” (A@:@0,>4,), Dr SERGIUSZ LEON´ CZYK - adiunkt Instytutu Historii i Stosunków Miedzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach; e-mail: [email protected] 1 E.Kaczyn´ska, W.S´ liwowska, Zesanie i katorga na Syberii w dziejach Polaków 1815-1914, Warszawa: PWN 1992, s. -
Ukrainians and Poles Timothy Snyder
8 Ukrainians and Poles timothy snyder Europe’s road to Muscovy passed through Warsaw and Kyiv (Kiev). Despite what one reads in books, the Renaissance and Reformation did reach Muscovy, if by this most indirect route. In the middle of the seventeenth century,Ortho- dox clerics trained in the rhetoric and languages of the Polish Renaissance and Reformation settled in Moscow.As Muscovy’s political power extended across eastern Ukraine and Kiev with Hetman Bohdan Khmelnyts’kyi’s rebellion against Poland ( 1648–54 ) and the Treaty of Eternal Peace between Muscovy and Poland ( 1686), Orthodox clerics came to terms with their new position in a highly backward Orthodox state. Alexis Mikhailovich (r. 1645–76 ) saw them as people capable of improving Muscovite administration, and encouraged the emigration of learned Ukrainians. Iepifanii Slavynets’kyi was an early arrival, in 1649. Symeon Polots’kyi taught Alexis’s children Latin and Polish. The occa- sional Polish Jesuit was allowed to dispute with the Orthodox, as did Andrzej Kwieczynski before he was sent to break rocks in Siberia in 1660. Disputa- tion itself was an import from Poland, and at this time Polish and Latin were understood to be the languages of reason. Latin itself was learned from Polish translations, for example of Ovid’s ‘Metamorphoses’. Ukrainian clerics such as Stepan Iavors’kyi and Teofan Prokopovych were indeed engaged in some fundamental transformations: of themselves as they reoriented Ruthenian Orthodoxy to Moscow, and of Moscow as they reori- ented public life and political thought to the West. Such men introduced the baroque, not only in rhetoric, but in architecture, ceremonial and secu- lar public displays. -
Czrkanowski Folder
Collector Coins Collector Coins National Bank of Poland CollectorCollector CoinsCoins face value 10 z∏ face value 2 z∏ metal 925/1000 Ag metal CuAl5Zn5Sn1 alloy finish proof finish standard diameter 32.00 mm diameter 27.00 mm weight 14.14 g weight 8.15 g mintage 45,000 pcs mintage 700,000 pcs Obverse: Image of the Eagle, established as the state emblem Obverse: Image of the Eagle, established as the state emblem of the Republic of Poland; the notation of the year of issue: of the Republic of Poland; the notation of the year of issue: 2004, to the left; an inscription: 10 Z¸, to the right. The 20-04, on either side of the Eagle; below the Eagle, an inscription: inscription: RZECZPOSPOLITA / POLSKA, above the Eagle. Above Z¸ 2 Z¸; Circumscription: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA, preceded m the inscription, the image of reindeer spans, against a Siberian and followed by six pearls, in the rim. The Mint mark:––w , under landscape, with a flock of birds in flight at the top. The Mint the Eagle’s left talon. m mark:––w , under the Eagle’s left talon. Reverse: Portrait of Aleksander Czekanowski, against Reverse: Portrait of Aleksander Czekanowski, against a Siberian landscape with a reindeer pulling a sledge. The semi- a Siberian landscape. A reindeer to the left of the portrait; circumscription: ALEKSANDER CZEKANOWSKI 1833-1876, stylised: a profile, hands, a compass, compasses and a map, to above and on the left-hand side. the right. The inscription: ALEKSANDER / CZEKANOWSKI / 1833- 1876, below. On the edge: an inscription: NBP eight times repeated, every second one turned by 180o, separated by stars. -
Pdf Aleksander Czekanowski – Odkrywca Trapów Syberyjskich
Przegl¹d Geologiczny, vol. 67, nr 10, 2019 Z MINIONYCH CZASÓW Aleksander Czekanowski – odkrywca trapów syberyjskich Grzegorz Racki1 Aleksander Czekanowski – discoverer of Siberian traps. Prz. Geol., 67: 791–798. A b s t r a c t. Flood basalts (traps) and large igneous provinces (LIPs) belong to the hot topics of modern geology, especially due to their causal links with major evolutionary crises and global catastrophes. However, the history of views on volcanic cataclysms, as well as the recognition stages of particular LIPs are still little known. Surpris- ingly, Polish contribution to this expanding topic may be larger than expected, as exemplified by the issue of field exploration of the largest continental LIP in Siberia. The first exhaustive data were provided in 1873 by Aleksander Czekanowski (1833–1876), a Polish geologist, educated at the universities of Kiev and Dorpat (Tartu),who was exiled by the Russian authorities to Siberia for participation in organizing the Polish January Uprising in 1863. He G. Racki led several large expeditions to distant parts of Siberia, also in the Ni¿nyja (Lower) Tunguska basin. In the summer of 1873, he discovered numerous exposures of basalt lava floods in the tableland along this river, starting from the area between Preobrazhenka and Jerbogachyan. The observations were announced by letters systematically pub- lished in “Izvestiya Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva”. As the most important result of the expedition, he quoted in 1876: “the discovery of previously unknown area of igneous rocks of so large extent that it exceeds the size of any other of its kind”. In his diaries, published posthumously in 1896, Czekanowski described the trap locations in detail, documented in many sketches and cross-sections. -
The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During World War II: an International Legal Study, 45 Case W
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 45 | Issue 3 2012 The rC ime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II: An International Legal Study Karol Karski Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Karol Karski, The Crime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II: An International Legal Study, 45 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 703 (2013) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol45/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 45 Spring 2013 Issue 3 The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During WWII: An International Legal Study Karol Karski Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law·Vol. 45·2013 The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During World War II: An International Legal Study Karol Karski* The USSR’s genocidal activity against the Polish nation started before World War II. For instance, during the NKVD’s “Polish operation” of 1937 and 1938, the Communist regime exterminated about 85,000 Poles living at that time on the pre- war territory of the USSR. -
Sakhalin As Cause Célèbre the Re-Signification of Tsarist Russia's
Acta Slavica Iaponica, Tomus 32, pp. 55‒72 Sakhalin as Cause Célèbre The Re-signification of Tsarist Russia’s Penal Colony Andrew Gentes INTRODUCTION During the mid-1860s Russia’s penal labor institution known as katorga entered what Alexander II’s government recognized was a “state of collapse.”1 Established by Peter the Great, katorga had for most of its existence been cen- tered among the mines and smelteries of the Nerchinsk Mining District east of Lake Baikal. However, these mines’ exhaustion, poor management and mainte- nance, and a surfeit of convicts (particularly from the mass deportations follow- ing the 1863 Polish Uprising) had transformed katorga into a losing proposition in both fiscal and penological terms. By the late 1860s Petersburg decided new arrangements were needed for its 14,000 penal laborers (katorzhane). The island of Sakhalin seemed a solution. Eastern Siberia’s Governor-general Nikolai N. Murav’ev dispatched reconnaissance expeditions there during the 1850s; and following annexation of the Amur region, Sakhalin attracted official interest as a natural fortress guarding the mouth of the Amur River. But not until 1875, when the Treaty of St Petersburg eliminated Japan’s competing claims, did Russia formally annex the island.2 Writers began speculating early on about Sakhalin’s role in the imperium. In 1874, state councilor Iakov N. Butkovskii wrote in Naval Articles (Morskoi sbornik): Sakhalin is the same as Kotlin [in the Finnish Straits, on which Kronshtadt was built], only on a Siberian scale. To fortify it with cannons is expensive, and inconvenient; it will be more soundly secured for us if it is populated by a 1 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������As reported in Biblioteka Irkutskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta (BIGU), fond staro- pechatnykh i redkikh knig, no. -
Stanisław Burkot Peregrinare Necesse Est
Stanisław Burkot Peregrinare necesse est... Literary Studies in Poland 22, 103-124 1990 Literary Studies in Poland PL ISSN 0137-4192 Stanisław Burkot Peregrinare necesse est...* 1 Travelling, not out of one’s own choice, but out of necessity, or rather under constraint, is as old as wars and conquests. Victorious armies used to drive crowds of prisoners of war and slaves and employed them for their own purposes. The history of the Russian conquest of Siberia, undoubtedly a form of great colonial processes characteristic of European policy from the discoveries of Christopher Columbus,1 started in the 16th century when a Cossak attaman, Yermak, escaped his death sentence as far as the Urals and was hired there by the Stroganovs. Yermak recruited a small army for the Stroganovs and organized the first armed expeditions against the tribes who lived in Central Asia. The population of Central Asia and Siberia was composed of the Turkic, Mongol and Paleo-Asiatic peoples, the Manchurians, Somoyeds, Uigurs and some Tunguistic tribes. Very early Russia started employing adventurers, outlaws and prisoners to extend her colonization in Siberia. This was the begin ning of the institution of zsylka, that is, the adm inistrative deporta tion of people to Siberia, which continued incessantly for a few hundred years. In the first half of the 19th century, the century we are particular * A part of Chapter III of Polskie podróżopisarstwo romantyczne (Polish Romantic Travel Books), Warszawa 1988. 1 The process of colonial expansion in Siberia started even earlier. In the 13th cent, the boyars of Novogrod started to subordinate Pomoriye, the coasts of the Arctic Sea, which opened the way to the areas beyond the Urals from the North. -
The Institution of Russia's Sakhalin Policy
Journal of Asian History (2002) 36(1):1-31. ANDREW A. GENTES THE INSTITUTION OF RUSSIA’S SAKHALIN POLICY, FROM 1868 TO 18751 Introduction Cossack explorers discovered the sturgeon-shaped island just beyond the mouth of the Amur River during the seventeenth century. By the beginning of the eighteenth, Russia like the rest of Europe had come to call this island in the North Pacific “Sakhalin”, a name descended from the Manchu word for “black”. Prior to 1875, again in 1904, and ever since World War II the Japanese have considered Sakhalin to be theirs. They call it “Karafuto”. Almost 600 miles long and covering nearly 30000 square miles, Sakhalin is one of the largest islands in the world with temperatures and geologic conditions varying greatly according to region. Its northern half is characterized by taiga and tundra; its southern by rugged mountains and thick forests. The climate is bone-chillingly cold in winter, foggy and damp in summer. In January temperatures average –11° (Fahrenheit) in the north and 21° in the south; in August, 50° in the north and 66° in the south. Natural vegetation in the wind-swept and icy north is limited to grasses and scrub brush; in the slightly more temperate south, where the soil is clayey, there are deciduous, coniferous, and even bamboo forests, with peat bogs near the coast. Throughout the island all types of biting insects “make the warm humid months an ordeal ...”2 In the summer of 1875, after years of jockeying for position in the North Pacific, Russia and Japan signed the Treaty of St. -
Western Siberia and the Russian Empire, 1879–1900*
IRSH 63 (2018), Special Issue, pp. 131–150 doi:10.1017/S0020859018000251 © 2018 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Exile as Imperial Practice: Western Siberia and the Russian Empire, 1879–1900* Z HANNA P OPOVA International Institute of Social History Cruquiusweg 31, 1019 AT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: More than 800,000 people were exiled to Siberia during the nineteenth century. Exile was a complex administrative arrangement that involved differentiated flows of exiles and, in the view of the central authorities, contributed to the colonization of Siberia. This article adopts the “perspective from the colonies” and analyses the local dimension of exile to Siberia. First, it underscores the conflicted nature of the practice by highlighting the agency of the local administrators and the multitude of tensions and negotiations that the maintenance of exile involved. Secondly, by focusing on the example of the penal site of Tobolsk, where exile and imprisonment overlapped, I will elucidate the uneasy relationship between those two penal practices during Russian prison reform. In doing so, I will re-evaluate the position of exile in relation to both penal and governance practice in Imperial Russia. INTRODUCTION This article analyses exile to Siberia at a time of reform of the Russian penal system. By adopting the “perspective from the colonies” and investigating the local specificities of exile in Western Siberia, I will discuss how tension arose between attempts at prison reform and efforts to expand and con- solidate the Russian Empire. In the Russian context, exile is often perceived as direct expulsion of criminals and political offenders from central areas of the Russian Empire to its eastern borderlands. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Reclaiming Native Soil: Cultural Mythologies of Soil in Russia and Its Eastern Borderlands from the 1840s to the 1930s Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74g4p86x Author Erley, Laura Mieka Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Reclaiming Native Soil: Cultural Mythologies of Soil in Russia and Its Eastern Borderlands from the 1840s to the 1930s by Laura Mieka Erley A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures and the Designated Emphasis in Film Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Irina Paperno, Chair Professor Olga Matich Professor Eric Naiman Professor Jeffrey Skoller Fall 2012 Reclaiming Native Soil: Cultural Mythologies of Soil in Russia and its Eastern Borderlands from the 1840s to the 1930s © 2012 by Laura Mieka Erley Abstract Reclaiming Native Soil: Cultural Mythologies of Soil in Russia and Its Eastern Borderlands from the 1840s to the 1930s By Laura Mieka Erley Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures and the Designated Emphasis in Film Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Irina Paperno, Chair This dissertation explores the cultural topos of soil in Russian and early Soviet culture. Centered on the Soviet project of land reclamation in Central Asia in the 1930s, this dissertation traces the roots of Soviet utopian and dystopian fantasies of soil to the ideological and discursive traditions of the 19th century. It considers how Soviet cultural, scientific, and political figures renovated and adapted 19th-century discourse in order to articulate for their own age the national, revolutionary, and utopian values attached to soil. -
Viewed Prisoners As Well As Free Settlers in the Remote Regions of Russia’S Far East Sakhalin Island
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School Labor Camps in the Russian Empire and tJohnhe Joseph So vCastleiet Union in Russian Literature Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES LABOR CAMPS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND THE SOVIET UNION IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE By JOHN CASTLE A Thesis submitted to the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2020 John Castle defended this thesis on April 23, 2020. The members of the supervisory committee were: Nina Efimov Professor Directing Thesis Lisa Ryoko Wakamiya Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to sincerely thank my committee. Thank you to Dr. Efimov, who was the first to encourage me to study in Russia and continue my academic career in studying Russian language and literature. Through her lectures on literature as well as her trip to Irtkutsk inspired me to research this topic and study it in depth. Thank you Dr. Wakamiya, for your course on Transnational Literature. This course presented to me different perspectives and writing styles. Finally, thank you to Dr. Grant, who suggested several sources to aid my research and whose classes on 19th and 20th century Russia gave me a solid background on my topic.