Klamath Indian Reservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Klamath Indian Reservation By US General Land Office When white explorers entered the Klamath Basin in the 1820s, the Klamath Indians occupied the Upper Klamath Lake area, which included Klamath Marsh and the Sprague and Williamson rivers. The Modoc people inhabited the Tule Lake area of Northern California and Southern Oregon. Yahooskin land bordered Klamath territory to the west and extended east into present-day Lake and Harney counties. Native uprisings and valuable tribal land, however, convinced the U.S. Government to relocate many Native groups onto reservations throughout the country. The Treaty of 1864 merged the Klamath, Modoc, and Yahooskin tribes into the “Klamath Tribe” and onto a single reservation in the Klamath Basin. The reservation contained thousands of acres of Ponderosa pine. The treaty provided for a sawmill and proceeds from timber and lumber sales funded a tribal government and a health clinic. By the 1950s, the Klamath Tribe was one of the wealthiest Native groups in the nation. In 1954, despite Bureau of Indian Affairs and tribal opposition, Congress passed the Klamath Termination Act, which terminated federal recognition of the Klamath Tribe. The Act discontinued federal social services, such as free education, and organized tribal lands into national forest areas or areas that could be sold. This U.S. Government map, distributed in January 1961, explained how Klamath tribal lands would be organized into U.S. National Forest lands. According to anthropologist Patrick Haynal, the Klamath were targeted for termination because of their timber assets and because Congress was convinced that the Klamath people were virtually assimilated into “white” society, meaning they no longer needed special assistance. By the 1970s, the majority of tribal members were living below the national poverty line. Further Reading: Haynal, Patrick. “Termination and Tribal Survival: The Klamath Tribes of Oregon.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 101, 2000: 270. Stern, Theodore. The Klamath Tribe: A People and Their Reservation, Seattle, Wash., 1965. Written by Robert Donnelly, © Oregon Historical Society, 2003. Oregon History Project https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/klamath-indian-reservation/.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)
i ,' o () (\ ô OnBcox HrsroRrc Tnans Rpponr ô o o o. o o o o (--) -,J arJ-- ö o {" , ã. |¡ t I o t o I I r- L L L L L (- Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council L , May,I998 U (- Compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White. Copyright @ 1998 Oregon Trails Coordinating Council Salem, Oregon All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon's Historic Trails 7 Oregon's National Historic Trails 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail I3 Oregon National Historic Trail. 27 Applegate National Historic Trail .41 Nez Perce National Historic Trail .63 Oregon's Historic Trails 75 Klamath Trail, 19th Century 17 Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 81 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, t83211834 99 Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1 833/1 834 .. 115 Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 .. t29 V/hitman Mission Route, 184l-1847 . .. t4t Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 .. 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 .. 183 Meek Cutoff, 1845 .. 199 Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 General recommendations . 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 241 Lewis & Clark OREGON National Historic Trail, 1804-1806 I I t . .....¡.. ,r la RivaÌ ï L (t ¡ ...--."f Pðiräldton r,i " 'f Route description I (_-- tt |".
[Show full text]
Indian Country Welcome To
Travel Guide To OREGON Indian Country Welcome to OREGON Indian Country he members of Oregon’s nine federally recognized Ttribes and Travel Oregon invite you to explore our diverse cultures in what is today the state of Oregon. Hundreds of centuries before Lewis & Clark laid eyes on the Pacific Ocean, native peoples lived here – they explored; hunted, gathered and fished; passed along the ancestral ways and observed the ancient rites. The many tribes that once called this land home developed distinct lifestyles and traditions that were passed down generation to generation. Today these traditions are still practiced by our people, and visitors have a special opportunity to experience our unique cultures and distinct histories – a rare glimpse of ancient civilizations that have survived since the beginning of time. You’ll also discover that our rich heritage is being honored alongside new enterprises and technologies that will carry our people forward for centuries to come. The following pages highlight a few of the many attractions available on and around our tribal centers. We encourage you to visit our award-winning native museums and heritage centers and to experience our powwows and cultural events. (You can learn more about scheduled powwows at www.traveloregon.com/powwow.) We hope you’ll also take time to appreciate the natural wonders that make Oregon such an enchanting place to visit – the same mountains, coastline, rivers and valleys that have always provided for our people. Few places in the world offer such a diversity of landscapes, wildlife and culture within such a short drive. Many visitors may choose to visit all nine of Oregon’s federally recognized tribes.
[Show full text]
Health and Well-Being: Federal Indian Policy, Klamath Women, And
Health and Well-being Federal Indian Policy, Klamath Women, and Childbirth CHRISTIN HANCOCK AS SCHOLARS OF CHILDBIRTH have pointed out, “birth” is always more than a mere biological event.1 It is inherently a social process as well, one that is shaped by cultural norms and power structures that are both raced and classed. For Native American women, the historical experiences of birth have been shaped by the larger context of settler colonialism.2 Despite this reality, very little attention has been paid by historians of childbirth to the ways that Native women’s experiences are bound up in this broader ten- sion between assimilation and resistance to dominant colonial structures. Similarly, few historians of American Indians have focused their attention specifically on birth.3 And yet birth is inherently tied to our beliefs about, as well as our experiences and practices of, health and health care. Always, the regulation and practice of birth is also about the regulation and practice of health. What constitutes health? Who defines “good” health? And who has access to it? As reproductive justice scholar Barbara Gurr has noted, social and political forces must be considered in any attempts at answering these questions for marginalized women. One cannot explore the history of Native women’s experiences of childbirth without also engaging in a larger history of the ways that their health and health care have been defined and shaped by federal Indian policies. Gurr argues that such an approach is “particularly relevant to many Native American women, whose group identity has been historically targeted for removal and assimilation by the U.S.
[Show full text]
View the Klamath Summary Report
SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT — KLAMATH BASIN GENERAL STREAM ADJUDICATION From the top of a fault formed ridge overlooking the expansive Upper Klamath Lake, the rest of the world seems to fall away. Unbroken blue skies and dry, thin air stretches the horizon impossibly far. To the east, parched buttes roll through deep, green farm-filled valleys. To the west, only the rugged, snow- capped Cascades can rein in the view. The feeling of freedom that defines the American West is alive in this place. Prepared by the Oregon Water Resources Department — October 1999 he Klamath Basin defies the soggy Northwest stereotype. The Cascade TMountains steal the moisture from eastward winds, transforming the damp, green Oregon known to most of the country. Away from the mountainsides, Lodge Pole and Ponderosa Pines supplant the water-dependent firs. The moss-covered logs and thick tangles of plants of the western forests are gone. In their place, reddish- black volcanic rocks speckle hillsides adorned with dusty sage. Sandy pumice soils are exposed to the wind and sun by the sparse ground cover. Everything seems to crack and crumble underfoot. Despite these desert-like conditions, an oasis of lakes, rivers, and marshes teams with wildlife. The remnants of a huge prehistoric lake once provided a cache of resources that allowed the Basin’s earliest human inhabitants to thrive in an otherwise formi- dable environment. Much time has passed and cultures have changed, but the reliance on these same resources has not. For more than 100 years, settlers, homesteaders, and their descendants have defied the desert by transforming vast lakes and marshes into farms and pasture–creating a heritage in the process.
[Show full text]
Student Magazine Historic Photograph of Siletz Feather Dancers in Newport for the 4Th of July Celebration in the Early 1900S
STUDENT MAGAZINE Historic photograph of Siletz Feather dancers in Newport for the 4th of July celebration in the early 1900s. For more information, see page 11. (Photo courtesy of the CT of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw). The Oregon Historical Society thanks contributing tradition bearers and members of the Nine Federally Recognized Tribes for sharing their wisdom and preserving their traditional lifeways. Text by: Lisa J. Watt, Seneca Tribal Member Carol Spellman, Oregon Historical Society Allegra Gordon, intern Paul Rush, intern Juliane Schudek, intern Edited by: Eliza Canty-Jones Lisa J. Watt Marsha Matthews Tribal Consultants: Theresa Peck, Burns Paiute Tribe David Petrie, Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians Angella McCallister, Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community Deni Hockema, Coquille Tribe, Robert Kentta, Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians Susan Sheoships, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and Museum at Tamástslikt Cultural Institute Myra Johnson, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation Louis La Chance, Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians Perry Chocktoot, The Klamath Tribes Photographs provided by: The Nine Federally Recognized Tribes Oregon Council for the Humanities, Cara Unger-Gutierrez and staff Oregon Historical Society Illustration use of the Plateau Seasonal Round provided by Lynn Kitagawa Graphic Design: Bryan Potter Design Cover art by Bryan Potter Produced by the Oregon Historical Society 1200 SW Park Avenue, Portland, OR 97205 Copyright
[Show full text]
Termination and Restoration in Oregon by Donald Fixico
Termination and Restoration in Oregon By Donald Fixico Of the federal-Indian policies introduced to American Indians, termination of trust relations in the 1950s was arguably the most dangerous for Native peoples. On a case-by-case basis, termination threatened to end the trust relationship the U.S. government had with tribes, bands, communities, and individuals who possessed trust lands or properties, thereby giving Indians the same status as all other American citi- zens. It meant that they owned land or property without the federal protective responsibilities that were guaranteed them in the 374 United States-Indian treaties that were negotiated and ratified between 1778 and 1871. Termination stripped Indians of their identity, a part of the process to assimilate them into the mainstream American culture. The roots of termination date to World War II, when more than 25,000 Indians served in the armed ser- vices, including several hundred women. In the aftermath of the war, some bureaucrats decided it was time to change federal policy to once and for all free Native people from U.S. guardianship and pater- nalism. The Cold War was just beginning, and many American politicians believed it was important to protect conservative democratic values against anything that might be considered un-American. Indian ways of life and communal cultures on reservations ran counter to President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s po- litical philosophy and the perceived threat of Communism. At the same time, racism in America targeted Indians and other minorities,
[Show full text]
Change Dead Indian Creek to Latgawa Creek: Stream; 9.8 Mi. Long; Heads in the Cascades Siskiyou National Monument (Bureau of Land Management), 3.7 Mi
Change Dead Indian Creek to Latgawa Creek: stream; 9.8 mi. long; heads in the Cascades Siskiyou National Monument (Bureau of Land Management), 3.7 mi. Wof Howard Lake at 42°13’17”N, 122°29’08”W, flows NNE through Owens Prairie and into Rogue River National Forest, then N to enter South Fork Little Butte Creek; the name derives from a Takelma word meaning “upland water source” or “people of the upland” and is associated with nearby Camp Latgawa; Tps37&38N, R3E, Willamette Meridian; Jackson County, Oregon; 42°20’18”N, 122°27’10”W; USGS map – Robinson Butte 1:24,000 (mouth); Not: Dead Indian Creek. https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/gazvector.getesrimap?p_lat=42.3384672&p_longi=- 122.4528043&fid=1140701 Proposal: to change a name considered offensive Map: USGS Robinson Butte 1:24,000 (mouth) Proponent: Alice Knotts; San Diego, CA Administrative area: Rogue River National Forest / Cascades Siskiyou National Monument Previous BGN Action: None Names associated with feature: GNIS: Dead Indian Creek (FID 1140701) Local Usage: None found Published: Dead Indian Creek (USGS 1891, 1937, 1955, 1978, 1988, 2011, 2014, 2017; Oregon Dept of Water Resources Rogue Drainage Basin map, 1980; Oregon Geographic Names, 2011; Gold Hill Historical Society list of Jackson County names, c.2010) Case Summary: This proposal is the first of three to change the names of a stream, a summit, and a spring in Jackson County that currently include the words “Dead Indian.” The first is to change the name of Dead Indian Creek, a 9.8-mile-long tributary of South Fork Little Butte Creek.
[Show full text]
KLAMATH /\MATII INI)IANJRE,Setht Y C: Et I
ranlinr - 4. Ii.(fI4O1 cl r9\ 5s C ' ETHNOGRAPHIC s'..L- tcH p' )T\' r SKETCH :sci41J OF THE f: Pr5T1 -11E1 L 1 ttc!f\\ \AKLAMATH /\MATII INI)IANJRE,SEThT y C: Et I. L/"° kt, INDIANS ckt1IPK / 41(chat,rc F % A" .. OF SOUTHWESTERN OREGON N 'I S j bli C' ''U OX] by ALBERT SAMUELGATSCHET 4 I'VYA - I) S. C Cm DIP. TIMPEN '4?. .1 4f.thrth' DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U. 8. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION J. W. POWELL IN CHARGE Ethnographic Sketch of THE KLAMATH I.XDIAKS op SOUTHWESTERN OREGON ALBERT SAMUEL GATSCHET An Extract from CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY, Vol.II, part I. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1890 FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION 1966 THE SHOREY BOOK STORE 815 Third Avenue Seattle, Washington 98104 SJS # 118 ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH OF THE KALAMATH INDIANS FOURTH PRINTING Of Facsimile Reprint Limited to 150 Copies November 1973 ISBN # 0-8466-0118-4 (InPaper Covers) ISBN # 0-8466-2118-5 (InPublisher's LibraryBindings) CONTENTS Page Letter of Transmittal Vii Ethnographic sketch ix Introduction to the texts 1 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. SMiTHSONIAN INSTITUTION, BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY, Washington, D. C., June 25, 1890. SIR: I have the honor to transmit toyou my report upon the Kiamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon, the result of long and patient study.It deals with their beliefs, legends, and traditions, theirgovernment and social life, their racial and somatic peculiarities, and,more extensively, with their language.To this the reader is introduced bynumerous ethnographic "Texts," suggested or dictated
[Show full text]
Klamath-English 18 19 Klamath-English
17 KLAMATH-ENGLISH 18 19 KLAMATH-ENGLISH ᵛ ᵛdoqʼ 7-Sv scrape out; pull off, out ʔᵛᵛdoqʼsga : /ʔodaqsga/ scrapes off a long obj. pᵛᵛdoqʼsga : /podaqsga/ pulls off, strips (as pine needles from a branch) pᵛᵛdoˑqʼa : /podoˑqʼa/ pulls out, off (as grass) wᵛdoqʼsga : /wodaqsga/ scrapes out, off, with a long instrument (as fish innards) wᵛdoˑqʼa : /wodoˑqʼa/ scrapes (as fish scales, carrot) wᵛdoˑqsga : /wodoˑqsga/ scrapes off wᵛdoˑqʼYeˑni\̲ ʼa : /wodoˑqYeˑnʼa/ scrapes out the insides re̲ w̲ ᵛdoˑqʼYeˑni\̲ ʼa : /woˑdoˑqYeˑnʼa/ d. scrape out the insides ᵛqičg sne. ᵛqičkʼ 7-Sv scrape off (as something spilled). Also ᵛqičg. See Sec. 334. wᵛqičkʼa : /wiqačkʼa/ scrapes off (something spilled) re̲ w̲ ᵛqičkʼa : /wiwqačkʼa/ d. scrape off wᵛqičgiˑa : /wiqačgiˑya/ scrapes off for someone wᵛqiˑčka : /wiqiˑčka/ scrapes off pl. re̲ w̲ ᵛqiˑčka : /wiwqiˑčka/ d. scrape off ᵛqitʼ 7-Sv scrape off, pull off, scratch off ʔiᵛqiˑtʼa : /ʔiqiˑtʼa/ scratches, scrapes pl. ʔiᵛ qiˑtʼkyamna : /ʔiqiˑtkyamna/ scrapes all around pl. čʼlᵉᵛqitʼsga : /čʼliqatsga/ scratches off with the fingernails čʼlᵉᵛqiˑtʼa : /čliqiˑtʼa/ scratches pl. spiᵛqiˑtʼčnʼa : /spiqiˑtčnʼa/ drags away, leaving a scratch wᵛqiˑtʼa : /wiqiˑtʼa/ peels off, drags away, scrapes off re̲ w̲ ᵛqiˑtʼa : /wiwqiˑtʼa/ d. peel off, scrape off wᵛqiˑtʼdga : /wiqiˑttga/ been scraping off wᵛqiˑtʼtnčʼ̲ na̲ : /wiqiˑttančʼa/ just dragged away, peeled off, scraped off ᵛqoˑt 7-Sv scrape ʔᵛᵛqoˑtYeˑni\̲ ʼa : /ʔoqoˑtYeˑnʼa/ scrapes the inside of a long object re̲ ʔᵛᵛ̲ qoˑtYeˑni\̲ ʼa : /ʔoˑqoˑtYeˑnʼa/ d. scrape inside sgᵛqoˑtYeˑni\̲ ʼa : /sgoqoˑtYeˑnʼa/ scrapes the penis around inside wᵛqoˑtYeˑni\̲ ʼa : /woqoˑtYeˑnʼa/ scrap~s out the inside of with a long instrument 20 KLAMATH DICTIONARY ʼ ʼa 3sr [unknown meaning]. Only in: loby\ʼa : /lopyʼa/ before /gena hoˑt beˑn, lopya dinneˑks./ He went on again, before sundown.
[Show full text]
Flooded by Progress: Law, Natural Resources, and Native Rights in the Postwar Pacific Northwest
Flooded by Progress: Law, Natural Resources, and Native Rights in the Postwar Pacific Northwest By John James Dougherty A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Thomas Biolsi, Chair Professor Mark Brilliant Professor Shari Huhndorf Professor Beth Piatote Spring 2014 Flooded by Progress: Law, Natural Resources, and Native Rights in the Postwar Pacific Northwest Copyright © John James Dougherty All Rights Reserved Abstract Flooded by Progress: Law, Natural Resources, and Native Rights in the Postwar Pacific Northwest By John James Dougherty Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Thomas Biolsi, Chair This dissertation examines the politics of federal Indian law and the changing economic and environmental landscape of the postwar Pacific Northwest. In particular, it contends that the changing legal status of Native lands and resources was instrumental in both the massive industrial expansion, and subsequent environmental transformation, of the postwar Pacific Northwest. It traces the relations between economic and environmental changes and their connections to the dramatic policy shift in Indian affairs from the early 1950s, when the federal government unilaterally terminated tribal status of 109 Native communities, most of them in the Pacific Northwest, to the Native sovereignty movement, which precipitated new national policies of self-determination in the 1970s. Not only does the dissertation illuminate how Native communities in the Pacific Northwest were inequitably burdened by the region’s environmental and economic transformations in the second half of the 20th century, it also demonstrates how these transformations fueled the national economy in the postwar years as well as the emergence of Native activism, and how Native communities actively navigated and influenced seminal directions in federal Indian policy.
[Show full text]
Disposition of Klamath and Modoc ,Judgmnt Fund
DISPOSITION OF KLAMATH AND MODOC ,JUDGMNT FUND, HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS OF TE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H.R. 907, H.R. 4964, and S. 664 TO PROVIDE FOR THE DISPOSITION OF JUDGMENT FUNDS OF THE KLAMATH AND MODOC TRIBES AND YAHOOSKIN BAND OF SNAKE INDIANS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES HEARINGS HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C. APRIL 9; MAY 13 AND 14; JUNE 17 AND 18; AND AUGUST 13 AND 18, 1965 Serial No. 9 Printed for the use of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 51-229 WASHINGTON: t965 ---- I COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS CONTENTS WAYNE N. ASPINALL, Colorado, Chairman LEO W. O'BRIEN, New York JOHN P. SAYLOR, Pennsylvania WALTER ROGERS, Texas Banking Minority Member Hearings held- Page JAMES A. HALEY, Florida E. Y. BERRY, South Dakota April 9, 1965 -_- 1 ED EDMONDSON, Oklahoma CRAIG HOSMER, California May 13, 1965 - 23 WALTER S. BARING, Nevada JOE SKUBITZ, Kansas May 14, 1965-- 95 RALPH J. RIVERS, Alaska CHARLOTTE T. REID, Illinois June 17, 1965 -133 ROY A. TAYLOR, North Carolina LAURENCE J. BURTON, Utah June 18, 1965-- 151 HAROLD T. JOHNSON, California ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Maryland August 13, 1965 -171 HUGH L. CAREY, New York WENDELL WYATT, Oregon August 18, 1965 -177 MORRIS K. UDALL, Arizona GEORGE V. HANSEN, Idaho Statements of- COMPTON I. WHITE, JR., Idaho HENRY P. SMITH III, New York Members of Congress: PHILLIP BURTON, California ED REINECKE, California Mize, Hon. Chester L., a Representative in Congress from the State of Kansas - 9, 10 DAVID S.
[Show full text]
Termination of the Confederated Tribes of The
TERMINATION OF THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE GRAND RONDE COMMUNITY OF OREGON: POLITICS, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY by DAVID GENE LEWIS A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department ofAnthropology and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy March 2009 11 University of Oregon Graduate School Confirmation ofApproval and Acceptance ofDissertation prepared by: David Lewis Title: "Termination ofthe Confederated Tribes ofthe Grand Ronde Community ofOregon: Politics, Community, Identity" This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Doctor ofPhilosophy degree in the Department of Anthropology by: Lynn Stephen, Chairperson, Anthropology Philip Young, Member, Anthropology Brian Klopotek, Member, Anthropology Deanna Kingston, Member, Not from U of 0 Jeffrey Ostler, Outside Member, History and Richard Linton, Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies/Dean ofthe Graduate School for the University ofOregon. March 20, 2009 Original approval signatures are on file with the Graduate School and the University of Oregon Libraries. 111 © 2009 David Gene Lewis IV An Abstract ofthe Dissertation of David Gene Lewis for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy in the Department ofAnthropology to be taken March 2009 Title: TERMINATION OF THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE GRAND RONDE COMMUNITY OF OREGON: POLITICS, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY Approved: _ Lynn Stephen In 1954, one hundred years after the western Oregon Indians were removed to the Grand Ronde Reservation; the antecedent peoples were subjected to the final effort by the United States to colonize the remainder oftheir lands through Federal termination policy. The permanent Grand Ronde Reservation, settled in 1855 and established by presidential executive order in 1857, was terminated by Congress, and the tribal people lost their Federal recognition.
[Show full text]