Lopit-English Dictionary

Authors:

Valente Otwari Ladu (Dorik)

Achaha Samuel Nartisio (Ŋotira)

Caesar Ongorwo Bong (Lomiaha)

Philip Oriho Odingo (Lohutok)

John Kerim Fabiano (Lohutok)

Paul Ahatar Gilbert (Loloŋo)

with

Tim Stirtz

Trial Edition SIL-South Sudan

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This book is a list of some of the most common words spoken by the Lopit. The meaning of each word is given in English.

Contact Address: c/o SIL-South Sudan P.O. Box 64 Juba South Sudan

© 2015, Lopit Language Committee and SIL South Sudan

Trial Edition February 2014 Trial Edition July 2015

Publisher: SIL-South Sudan

Place of Publication: Juba 3

Introduction

In the past, Lopit speakers of certain dialects made books that helped teach reading and writing. These books are helpful to those speaking the dialect of those books. However, the time has come for books that combine all the dilaects. This book does not teach one dialect of Lopit. Instead, it teaches all Lopit speakers how to write a combined Lopit language for all the dialects.

The authors on the cover page of this book are listed along with the dialect they speak. There is an author for each of the five dialects represented in this book. In the Lopit Grammar Workshops of 2013 and 2015 in Torit, these authors agreed on how to write many words in a combined Lopit language. The words in each dialect that were collected in these workshops are shown in this book. However, the agreed-upon spelling of each word is listed first and in bold.

In the Lopit language there are several different types of words: nouns, verbs, pronouns, connectors, and others. This dictionary tells what kind of word each is. It also gives the meaning of each word in English. Each word is listed according to the order of the alphabet letters so that it is easiest to find the words. This book also shows how each word should be spelled. The lessons of the Lopit Consonant and Vowel Book and the Lopit Grammar Book should be learned and used along with this dictionary.

It is especially important for those writing books and translating Scripture to check the spelling of words using this book. If all writers spell the way that words are written in this dictionary, it will be easier for readers to recognize each word when they read them. Any words in this book that are not spelled correctly or have the wrong English meaning should be marked in pencil. You should then tell the authors the correct spelling or meaning so that they can correct the next printing.

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How to Read an Entry in this Dictionary

When you look in the dictionary, you will see many lines of words. Some look similar to the example below: haheri (ille) Ŋ) akieri M) hahieri L) haŋerio n star haher -i/ Ŋ) akier M) hahier L) haŋer

Here’s what the words mean:

 The word haheri in bold is called the ‘entry’. All the words after it give information about this word. All entries are listed in the agreed-upon spelling combining all dialects. They are listed according to the order of the Lopit alphabet letters. See the Lopit Aphlabet Order below for the list of letters in order. Entries that are nouns in are the singular (only one). Entries that are verbs are the command to one person.  Next, the word (ille) ‘that (masculine)’ tells us the entry is masculine and can have masculine words describing it, such as ille ‘that’, lenaŋ ‘my’, lobo ‘certain’. Feminine entries have the word (inna) ‘that (feminine)’. Entries that are both masculine and feminine have (inna, ille). Plural masculine entries have the word (hullo) ‘those (masculine)’. Feminine plural entries have the word (hunna) ‘those (feminine)’.  Next, the letters and word Ŋ) akieri in italics show the word is said akieri in the Ŋotira dialect. M) hahieri shows the word is said hahieri in the Lomiaha dialect. L) haŋerio shows the word is said haŋerio in the Loloŋo dialect. If a word is not listed for a certain dialect, you should assume it is said the same as the bold word (entry) in that dialect. See the Dialect Abbreviations below for a list of dialect abbreviations in this dictionary.  Next, the letter n in bold is the word category (part of speech) of the entry. It shows us the word is a noun. See the Word Category Abbreviations below for a list of all possible word category abbreviations. 5

 Next, the word star is the definition of the entry, and shows its meaning in English.  The next word haher in bold is the plural of the entry. It is how to say more than one of the noun. (Only entries that are nouns have a plural.)  Next, -i/ shows the suffix (ending letters) of the singular noun. When the letters come before the slash (/), it shows the suffix is attached to the singular, as –i/ in haheri ‘star’. When the letters come after the slash, it shows the suffix is attached to the plural, as /-a in feteha ‘fish spears’. Some nouns have suffixes before and after the slash, as -ni/-k in marwani ‘old one’, marwak ‘old ones’. Letters before a dash as hi-/ in hiyali ‘oil’ are prefixes (beginning letters). See Suffixes and Prefixes of Singular and Plural Nouns below for a list of the most common suffixes and prefixes.  Finally, Ŋ) akier in italics shows the plural is said akier in the Ŋotira dialect. M) hahier shows the plural is said hahier in the Lomiaha dialect. L) haŋer shows the plural is said haŋer in the Loloŋo dialect.

Now look at another example entry. yani1 (inna) [yànì/yání] n 1) tree (general) 2) medicine yanii tone/tone yani2 M) iyani L) yeni v.t bring

 There is a small number 1 after the entry yani1. This means there is another word yani2 that has the same letters but a completely different meaning. The word yani1 means ‘tree (general)’ and yani2 means ‘bring’. The two words are not related, and just happen to have the same spelling.  (inna) shows the entry is feminine.  The letters [yànì/yání] inbetween [ ] show the pronunciation and tone of the singular and plural forms. The singular and

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plural forms are separated by the slash (/). They only differ by tone. The singular yani [yànì] has Low tone and the plural yanii [yání] has High tone.  There are no dialect abbreviations or words. This shows that all the dialects say the singular the same as the bold entry yani.  n shows the entry is a noun.  1) tree (general) shows the first meaning of the entry.  2) medicine shows a second meaning which is similar or related in some way to the first meaning. Since medicine often comes from trees, the meanings are related and thought to be from the same word.  yanii is the plural of the entry  tone/tone shows the only difference between the singular and plural forms is the tone.  There are no dialect abbreviations or words for the plural. This shows that all the dialects say and spell the plural the same as the bold plural word yanii.

Now look at two other entries. anyar (tanyara be honest) v.inf honesty tanyara v.i be honest {anyar}

 The words ( tanyara be honest) show that anyar ‘honesty’ is related to the word tanyara ‘be honest’. The command verb tanyara ‘be honest!’ and the infinitive verb anyar ‘honesty’ come from the same word. The bold word tanyara between parentheses is also listed as a separate entry.  When you go to the entry tanyara, the word { anyar } is listed as a subentry between braces { }. We don’t know the meaning of { anyar } by looking at the entry tanyara. To learn this, we must go to the entry anyar.

Now look at three other entries. 7

ho1 [hɔɔ̀] {ha1/he1} H,L) iko prep with (before o, u, w) he1 [hɛɔ̀] {ha1/ho1} D,M) ho L) iko prep with (before e, i) ha1 [hà] {ho1/he1} D) ho L) iko prep with (before a)

 The words {ha1/he1} show that the entry ho1 ‘with’ is the same the entries he1 and ha1 except that the spelling changes according to the vowel of the word after it. The word is spelled ho before hodotiti ‘man’ (ho hodotiti), he before hiŋohu ‘dog’ (he hiŋohu), and ha before habu ‘chief’ (ha habu). The word is listed as three different entries so that it can easily be found in the dictionary.

Now, look at one final entry. hiram (inna) Bw (Latuka) n.sg issue, problem, reason

 The words Bw (Arabic) show this entry hiram is borrowed from Latuka. Other entries may be borrowed from English or Arabic.

Lopit Alphabet Order

The words in this dictionary are listed according to the order of the Lopit letters. Lopit has 24 letters, and they are in the following order.

Lopit Alphabet A a [a] awoŋ monkey B b [b] batak pig C c [c] cieŋi bird D d [d] demi knife E e [ɛ] efir he is fat, big F f [f] fotir warthog

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G g [g] goro gourd jug H h [h] hidoŋ drum I i [i] itak ostrich J j [ɟ] jani local broom K k [k] kebu hoe L l [l] leime lion M m [m] moti pot N n [n] noŋorwo wife Ny ny [ɲ] nyaŋi crocodiles Ŋ ŋ [ŋ] ŋidony monkey O o [ɔ] oromo digging P p [p] por mancala game R r [ɾ] rabolo bananas S s [s] sohoti palm tree T t [t] tome elephant U u [u] buhu shield W w [w] wolo dove Y y [j] yani tree

Dialect Abbreviations

Here is a list of dialect abbreviations in the dictionary, and what they mean:

D Dorik Ŋ Ŋotira M Lomiaha H Lohutok L Loloŋo

Word Category Abbreviations

Here is a list of all word category abbreviations in the dictionary, and what they mean: 9

adj adjective describes a noun; agrees with the noun in number adv adverb describes a verb con connector joins clauses or phrases dem demonstrative points to a particular noun n noun a person, animal, place, thing, or idea n.pl plural noun a grammatically plural noun that does not have a singular n.sg singular noun a grammatically singular noun that does not have a plural oth other shows the word category is not yet known prep preposition introduces a noun or noun phrase pron pronoun a substitute for a noun or noun phrase pron.obj object pronoun a substitute for a noun receiving the action pron.poss possessor a substitute for a noun possessing pronoun another noun pron.prep prepositional a substitute for a prepositional phrase pronoun pron.sub subject pronoun a substitute for a noun doing the action quan quantity tells the amount of a thing or person ques question word asks a question rel relative introduces a phrase or clause that connector describes or identifies a noun v.t transitive verb a verb that can have an object which receives the action v.i intranstive verb a verb that cannot have an object v.n verbal noun a verb used as a noun v.n.l location verbal a verb used as a noun location noun

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Suffixes of Singular and Plural Nouns

There are three ways that nouns have singular and plural forms. They can add to the singular form as in haddeti ‘root’ or hiyeni ‘rope’. They can add to the plural form as in ciangi ‘animals’. They can also add to both the singular and plural form as in hidong ‘drum’ and dongi ‘drums’.

Three ways of forming singular and plural nouns Singular prefix or suffix Root Plural suffix -ti/ haddeti hadde hadde root hi-/ hiyeni yeni yeni rope, trap /-i ciang ciang ciangi animal (general) hi-/- hidong - dongi drum i dong-

The following are the most common singular suffixes.

Singular Plural -i/ fofongi fofon cactus, tree g type -ti/ haddeti hadde root -o/ morwo moru stone -e/ hame ham fish

There is also one prefix hi- that can be added to singular nouns.

Singular Plural hi- hiyeni yeni rope, / trap

The following are the most common plural suffixes.

Singula Plural 11

r /-i bel beli stripe /-a fetek feteha fish spear /-o molong molongo baboon /-jin hofwo hofwojin flour /-n tutunyo tutunyon heel /-na suhe suhena chest /-ha leyiri leyiriha spirit /-ho igolo igoloho bell /-sen bula bulasen cow stable, pen /-si hoo hosi head /-e monye monyie father /-in mangat mangatin camp, platform

The following are the most common singular and plural combinations.

Singular Plural hi-/-i hidong dongi dru m hi-/-si hinga ngasi year -i/- hanasi hanasara siste ara r -e/-a hamuhe hamuha shoe

There are also some nouns that only differ by tone in singular and plural form. In these nouns, a double (long) vowel can be used to show the difference between singular and plural forms.

Singular Plural Tone/Tone yani yanii (High) tre (Low) e

a 12

A a [à] prep 1) into, inside, through, ala H,L) ala dico adv still, yet at, to {a jai} 2) as alara con when I, (s)he, they a jai (a 1 into, inside, through, at, aleŋ D,Ŋ) ariŋ adv perhaps, to, jai how) ques where unsure aina D) inaina, aina H,L) ena aŋwan num four adv today arik num two ques where aji awoŋ (inna, ille) [áwɔɔ́ŋ/àwáŋà] ajo con and I L) hawoŋ n monkey type, oribi awaŋa /-a L) hawaŋa akabak adv quickly, soon

B baha (tabak beat, hit) v.inf baŋita beating batak (inna, ille) balaŋ (inna) [báláŋ] L) balaŋ [bàtàk/bàtàhâ] n pig, hog n.pl salt L) balaŋir bataha /-a bali adv outside bawati (inna, hunna) n molar tooth bawa -ti/ balu (inna) [bálú/bàlᵘɔɔ] n beer balwo /-o bel (inna, ille) [bɛɔ́l/bɛɔ́lì] n stripe beli /-i baŋi (inna, hunna) (tabaŋa be afraid of, fear) L) abaŋi n belie (inna, ille) [bɛɛ̀lⁱɛɛ̌/bɛɛ̀lⁱɛɛ̀sìn] respect, fear baŋiti /-ti D) D) belelie n skin beliesin /-sin 13 busuk

D) belie Ŋ) beliejin L) belele bore (inna) [bɔɔrɛɛ̀] L) boŋit n berren adv long ago stable, animal pen botin -e/-tin M,H,L) boŋitto bi adv just, very bos-bos L) tony-tony adv bi jia1 D) honija, bi jia Ŋ) bruising, hurting henijia, bi jia adv without boto (tobot 1 proceed, go bi jia2 adv anyhow straight) v.inf proceeding bino adv much botoŋi (inna, hunna) (tobotoŋa) bino-no adv very much L) himorot n kindness, humility, generosity botoŋok -i/-ok L) boloroŋ (inna, ille) n hippo morotok boloroŋi /-i buhu (inna) [bùhù/bùkᵘɔɔ] n boŋ {loboŋ} D) lobwor adj shield bukwo /-o L) buhwo white (female noun) boŋi /-i D) (inna) L) bur n cow lobwor bula [bùlà] stable bulasin /-sin D) bulacin boŋit1 (inna) [bɔɔ́ŋít] n stable, Ŋ) bulasen M) bulahien L) animal pen boŋitto /-to burri boŋit2 (inna) Ŋ,M) bok H) bore n buni (inna) [bùnî/bùnìò] L) goat stable boŋitto /-to bunit n pool of water bunio /-o D) bunico L) bunii boŋo (inna, ille) [bɔɔ́ŋɔɔ́/bɔɛ̀ŋɔɛ̀ɟìn] n 1) item of clothing (general) busuk (ille) [bùsùk/búsúhà] D) 2) cloth boŋojin /-jin bucuk n bull busuha /-a D) bucuha

ceini 14

C ceini (teceitai laugh) D) cienita ciwali (inna, ille) D) ciwar H,L) v.inf laugh ciwal n flute, wind instrument, (inna, ille) D) half meter pipe with four holes ciaŋ [cⁱàŋ/cⁱáŋì] ciwalisen /-sen D) ciwara H,L) tiaŋ n animal (general) ciaŋi /-i ciwali D) tiaŋi (inna) Ŋ) loŋohe M,H) cala ( laugh) H,L) hilok cola cieni teceitai n.sg old, compacted cow dung v.inf laugh D) colacin cieŋi (inna, ille) [cᶦɛɛ̀ŋî/cᶦɛɛ̀ŋ] n bird (general) cieŋ -i/

D

Ŋ) damaisiok H) tamassik da [dá] {de1/do} D) de H) a prep in, on, at, to, for (before a) daŋ1 adv also, all D) de halu H) ta halu da halu daŋ2 D) fur Ŋ) duhuk quan all adv later de1 [dɛɔ́] {da/do} M,L) do H) a da hatai [dá hàtàᶦ] D) de itei H) prep in, on, at, to, for (before e, ta hatai Pron.prep in, on, at, to, i) for you (pl) de2 [dɛɔ] adv there dada (tadada touch, feel around) v.inf touch, feeling de naŋ [dɛɔ́ nàŋ] Ŋ) de iti M) do hoti H) ta hanaŋ L) da hanaŋ damai (inna, ille) [dámàⁱ] D) Pron.prep in, on, at, to, for me demai H) tamai n position damassik -i/-ssik D) demacohi dede L) arohede adv sincerely, actually 15 dwani dee [dɛɔ́ɛɛ̀] adv silently, slowly do hosie [dɔɔ́ hɔɛ̀sᶦɛɛ̀] D) de iceja ( be fierce) v.inf H) to hose L) do hose defer idefero Pron.prep in, on, at, to, for fierceness them (inna, ille) demi [dɛɔ́mí/dɔɛ̀mⁱɔɔ] don (tadara be ripe, ready) v.inf D) domi n knife domio /-o ripeness M,H,L) demio (inna, ille) n hill, ( fail, miss) v.inf doŋe [dɔɔ́ŋɛɔ́] diaha tediak mountain doŋiok /-ok failure (inna) n (inna) D) dihai n.sg pain doroŋ [dɔɛ̀rɔɛ̀ŋ/dɔɔ́rɔɔ́ŋì] diahai barren high land, foot hills dihan (tedik be patient) v.inf doroŋi /-i D) doroŋo patience duloro (todule continue) D) do [dɔɔ́] {de1/da} H) a prep in, duloi L) hadule v.inf continuing on, at, to, for (before o, u, w) duma (todumu take, collect) do hoi [dɔɔ hɔɛ̀ᶦ] D) de iye H) to v.inf taking, collecting hoi Pron.prep in, on, at, to, for duŋes (inna) [dúŋɛɔ́s] D) duŋel you (sg) M,H,) noŋati n.sg crystallized do honyie [dɔɔ́ hɔɛ̀ɲᶦɛɛ̀] D) de honey D) duŋelo M,H,L) noŋa inyie M) do honyi H) to honye dur-dur adv dustily L) do honye Pron.prep in, on, at, to, for him/her duwari adv silently do hooi [dɔɔ hɔɔ́ᶦ] D) de iyohoi H) dwani (inna) [dᵘànî] L) dwari to hoi Pron.prep in, on, at, to, n.sg weed for us

efe 16

E

efe1 adv again, also enyia H,L) enye adv not efe2 con until, then enyia ŋai H,L) enye ŋai n.sg no one, nobody eicak con because eriamik H,L) oremik adv enough eijo con and (s)he, they, us (complete) ette con then eileira con when we eyeyer (inna) H,L) oyeyer n.sg danger ele con while

F fa D) ifa adv finally, lastly fau (inna) [fɔɛ̀k L) pau] D) hob (inna) n Ŋ) fok M) fou n.sg earth, facan [fácàn/fácánì] ground type of marking, colour facani /-i fere (inna, ille) [fɛɔ́rɛɔ́/fɛɛ̀rⁱà] n spear feria /-a faiti (inna) [fàⁱtî/fàⁱtɔɔ] M,H,L) fati n ebony, tree type faito -i/- fetek (inna, ille) [fɛɛ̀tɛɛ̀k/fɛɛ̀tɛɛ̀hâ] o M,H) fatio L) facio n fish spear feteha /-a far (inna) [fàr/fárːíjìn] n fiar-fiar adv flaming daytime farrijin /-rijin filan (inna, hunna) n baldness far-kil L) kil adv midday filana /-a farai (inna) [fàráⁱ/fàrá L) fofoŋi (inna) [fɔɔ́fɔɔ́ŋì/fɔɔ́fɔɔ́ŋ] n faʔara] n leaf fara -i/ cactus, tree type fofoŋ -i/ 17 h- foŋi (tofoŋio be satisfied with) fure (inna) [fúrɛɔ́] n name, song v.inf satisfaction fureta /-ta Ŋ) fureita fotir (inna, ille) [fɔɔ́tír/fɔɛ̀tìrà] n furio (inna) [fúrⁱɔɔ́] n.sg smoke warthog fotira /-a M,H,L) M,H,L) furo fortirak futi (inna, hunna) n muscle, fuher (inna) [fúhɛɔ́r] n farm away tendon fui -ti/-i D) futio from house fuhiara /-a D,Ŋ) (inna) n fuhero fwara [fᵘàrâ/fᵘàràɟìn] playing, dancing place fur (inna) [fúr] n.sg dust fwarajin /-jin L) fwarasin

G

garai (inna) [gàráⁱ] L) igara n.sg goro1 (inna) [gɔɛ̀rɔɛ̀] n jug made bush, pasture, dry grassy area from gourd for water or milk gorojin /-jin D,Ŋ) gorona girisai D,Ŋ) —- n type of plant girisa -i/ D,Ŋ) —- goro2 (togor hang, strangle, choke) v.inf hanging, choking golon (togolo 2 be difficult) v.inf 1) difficulty 2) strength gus (inna, ille) [gùs/gúsì] D) guc n skin gusi /-i D) guci

H

h-1 D) hoi-, ho-, he-, ha- v h-2 v infinitive complete i verb question verb prefix prefix

ha 18

ha1 [hà] {ho1/he1} D) ho L) iko hafialai (ille) D) hafielai n 1) prep with (before a) finger 2) claw hafiala -i/ D) hafiela ha2 [hà] {ho2/he2} D) ho L) iko con.pos of (general, after haforoi (inna, hunna) n scar preposition, before a) haforo -i/ ha-1 H,L) he- v let us command i hafule (inna, hunna) [hàfùlɛɔ] n verb prefix umbilical cord hafulen /-n D) hafule (L,L,L) ha-2 v person verbal noun prefix (inna, hunna) H,L) D) ho ŋai ques of whom, hafwoti ha ŋai rafuti n sole of foot hafwot -i/ whose H) rrafu L) rrafuta (ille) D) haboroni haboloni hahanyi (inna, hunna) n nahob n landlord habolok -ni/- grandmother hahanyiok /-o Ŋ) k D) haborok hunahob hahanyio H,L) hahanyok (inna, ille) n chief, habu [hábú] haheri (ille) Ŋ) akieri M) hahieri king habwok /-ok D) habuci L) haŋerio n star haher -i/ Ŋ) Ŋ) habusi akier M) hahier L) haŋer D) habu legala L) habu lagala hai (inna) [háⁱ] n rain haijo /-jo habu agala n government chief M) hai L) haijin habwok ilegala D) habuci hulegala Ŋ) habusi ilagala L) haidihitani (inna, ille) [ihi L) habwok agala iɣi] L) hedihitani v.n.per leader habuheli (inna, hunna) H) haidihitak -ni/-k L) hetadihok habuhe L) habuheti n finger haifa H,L) hafa adv still, yet nail habuhel -i/ H,L) habuhen ( (inna) haitigemani tetigiema haddeti [hàddɛɔ́tí/hàddɛɛ̀] distrub) L) hetigemani v.n.per n root hadde -ti/ disturbing person haitigemak hafar (inna, hunna) D) hafai n -ni/-k L) hetigemak shoulder blade hafari /-i D) hafa 19 haŋeri hajaŋati (inna) n fly, insect type hamilak (hunna) n.pl saliva hajaŋa -ti/ hamuhe (inna, ille) D) hamuke n haji (inna, ille) [hàɟì] n 1) house shoe hamuha -e/-a 2) friend hajik /-k L) hasik hamumuhi (inna, hunna) D) halai (inna) [hàlâⁱ/hàlâ] M,H,L) hamuhi n eyelash hamumuk -i/ oger n side, end of something D) hamugo hala -i/ M,H,L) ogeri hana (inna) [hàs] M,H,L) hani n halalai (inna, hunna) D,Ŋ,H,L) hand has D) hac halala n skeleton halala -i/ hanasi (inna) D) hanaci M) halan (tahalana be lazy) v.inf hanase H) inasi L) hinasi n laziness sister hanasira /-ra D) (ille) D) iraci Ŋ) harasi hanacara H) inasira L) halasi hinasira M) halasi H) ilasi L) hilasi n brother halasira /-ra D) iracara haniemani (inna, ille, hunna, Ŋ) harasira M) halasira H) hullo) v.n.per thin person ilasira L) hilasira haniemak halati (inna) [hàlátì/hálá] n hanyahanyai (inna) [aha] n tooth hala -ti/ domestic animal (general) hanyahanya -i/ halima (hunna) n.pl semen Ŋ) hariba H) himialak L) kalimiek hanyimiti (inna) halobe D) olohonya Ŋ) elenya L) [hànyímìtî/hànyìm] n sesame alobeŋ con before me hanyim -iti/ halohani (inna, ille) Ŋ) halohoni haŋ (inna) [hàŋ] n home, village M,H) halahani v.n.per trapper haŋitek /-itek halohak -ni/-k Ŋ) halohok haŋeri (inna) n fruit, seed haŋer M,H) halahak -i/ L) haŋerio hami (inna, ille) [hàmî/hàm] Ŋ) hame n fish ham -i/ hara 20 hara (inna) [hárá] Ŋ,M,H) hatarik num seven harajin L) seger n stool, chair adv indeed, really harana /-na D) harana L) hati segeri hati- H) heti- L) hoto-, hata- v let us command verb prefix hari1 (inna) [hárí/hàrⁱɔɛ̀] M,H,L) hali n club, beating stick hario hatifa (inna, hunna) L) hatifai n /-o M,H,L) halio palm (of hand) hatifan /-n D) hatifacin L) hatifa hari2 (inna) [hárí/hàrⁱâ] n river haria /-a hatteli (ille) L) hattel n egg harie (inna) [hàrⁱɛɔ/hárⁱɛɔ́ɟìn] n hattel -i/ L) hattelio night hariejin /-jin haturu (inna) D,Ŋ) calu L) tur n harutani (inna, ille) v.n.per porridge haturo -u/-o D) inheritance harutak -ni/-k calujin Ŋ) calwo M) haturuhien L) turo (inna, ille) hasai [hàsâⁱ/hàsàk] (ille) L) hawo n D) hacai L) tahwo n calf hasak hauwe [hàᵘwɛɛ̀] -i/-k D) hacak L) tahwa arrow hauwa -e/-a L) hawa (inna, ille) M,H,L) hasaŋuri (inna, hunna) H) ruson hayiohoni n pimple hasaŋur -i/ H) irusiti heyiohoni v.n.per shepherd L) hamnam hayiohok -ni/-k M,H,L) heyiohok (inna, ille, hunna, hasuhoni { / } D,M) ho L) hullo) D) hacuhoni L) suhojoni he1 [hɛɛ̀] ha1 ho1 v.n.per short person D) iko prep with (before e, i) hacuhok L) suhojok he2 [hɛɛ̀] {ha2/ho2} D,M) ho L) haswani (inna, ille) D) hocowan iko con.pos of (general, after n buffalo haswaniho /-ho D) preposition, before e, i) hocowani M,H,L) haswaani heju (inna, ille) n leg, foot hejek hatai [hàtàⁱ] D) ho nanyin -u/-ek pron.poss of you (pl), your tere hi- v infinitive complete verb hoi prefix 21 hiluny hiba (ibara arrive) v.inf arrival higorro (igorroja snore) v.inf snoring hiboŋ (iboŋo meet) v.inf meet ( honour, ( penetrate, enter, hihabwo itihabwoi hibura ibura revere) v.inf honouring, open by force) v.inf penetration revering hiburahini (iburahini attack) hihuma (ihuma2 do, get, make) v.inf attack v.inf doing, making (inna, ille) D) deroti hide [hìdɛɔ] hiji (inna) [hìɟì] n.sg middle n rat dioro hi-/-ioro D,Ŋ) dero ( say, speak) 1) con con also hijo tojoo hido that, said that 2) v.inf speech (inna, ille) n drum doŋi hidoŋ1 hikubo (ikubo forriage, hunt hi-/-i small game) v.inf forriage ( rise, appear (like hidoŋ2 idoŋo hikwai (inna, ille) sun)) v.inf rising, appearing [hìkᵘâⁱ/hìkᵘà] M,H) ikwai n hidoŋai (inna) Ŋ) risa M,H,L) thorn hikwa -i/ M,H) ikwa lisa n tail doŋai hi-/ Ŋ) risai M,H,L) lisara hilak [hílàk] {hinak} D) hulak M) lomuk H) illak, illamuk dem hidoŋi (inna, ille) L) hidwoŋi n certain (mas pl; particular one hammer (of blacksmith) in mind of speaker) hidoŋita /-ta L) hidwoŋita hillilloŋo (illilloŋo call) D,Ŋ) hifia (ifia ask, inquire, hiloloŋa v.inf call investigate) v.inf asking hilohita (iloho laugh) D) hifioŋ (hunna) [hìfⁱɔɔŋ] n.pl cienita v.inf laughing water hiloriri (iloririjo be shy) v.inf hifita (ifita tie) v.inf tying shyness higigilo (igigilo think) v.inf hiluny (ilunya escape, go thought, thinking without notice) v.inf escaping hima 22 hima (inna) [hímá] n fire mati hiŋa (inna) n year ŋasi hi-/-si D) hi-/-ti ŋaci himeta (imetak increase, give hiŋohu (inna, ille) [ɔɣu] M,H) much) H,L) himiata v.inf iŋohu n dog ŋohe hi--u/-e increasing hiŋunya (iŋunya smile) H,L) himo (inna) [hìmɔɔ] n nose mesi hiŋu v.inf smile hi-/-si D) meci hipata (inna) v.inf mistreatment himorot (imorota be generous) hipatita -a/-ita v.inf generosity hira (tara is, be) v.inf existence ( blink) v.inf himuta imuta ( touch) Ŋ) tafa v.inf blinking hiraf tataf touching (inna) D) hinei L) hina hinai [hì] (inna) n.sg n breast hii -nai/ hiram Bw (Latuka) issue, problem, reason { } D) hure hinak [hínàk] hilak ( 1 search, look for) M) nomuk H) innak, innamuk hirefo irefoi L) hule dem certain (fem pl; H,L) hiriofo v.inf searching particular one in mind of hirietak (irietak tie) D) hifita speaker) H,L) hiriatak v.inf tying hine (inna, ille) [hínɛɔ́/hìnɛɛ̀] n hiriŋo (inna) n meat hiri -ŋo/ goat hinee tone/tone D,Ŋ) riŋoi ( catch) v.inf catching hinef inefa hiro1 (inna, hunna) L) hicana n hino (inna) [hìt] n excrement, talking {hiroita} {hirori} manure hit rori hinyaŋ (inna, ille) n crocodile hiro2 (hunna) n.pl thing, item D) nyaŋi hi-/-i D) hinyaŋa caŋ L) saŋ hinyomoti (inna) n seed, hirobi (inna) L) lokuho n.sg planting seed (general) coldness hinyomo -ti/ 23 hitila

hiroita (inna, hunna) (hiro1 hisisara (isasara scatter) D) talking) H,L) ----- v.inf talking, hicata v.inf scattering speaking H,L) ----- hisur (isuro jump) D) hicuro hirori (inna, hunna) (hiro1 v.inf jump talking) L) hicieni v.inf accent, (inna) L) hoyyehiti n style of speaking L) hicienita hita [hìtà] firewood hoyyek (inna, hunna) D,Ŋ) hiram hirram ( honour, v.inf playing hitahwo itahwo praise) v.inf honour, praise ( spear hirrem terrem ( feel (with hand)) something) D) hirrom v.inf hitany tatany spearing v.inf feeling (with hand) ( destroy) v.inf hirro (inna, hunna) D,Ŋ) hiro hitaturo itaturo H,L) hiram n problem, issue destroying rori hiteŋ (inna, ille) [hítɛɔ́ŋ] n cow hiruk (iruhu 1 accept) v.inf 1) husuŋ D) hicu L) hisuŋ love 2) acceptance, answer hitiara (itiaha begin) D,Ŋ) hirumuta (irumok attack) L) hicaha v.inf start hirumita v.inf.cont attack hitidara (itidarai be proud of) hirurwo (irurwoi cry, yell) D) v.inf pride hirurwo H,L) hilulwo v.inf hitigema (itigema suffer) L) yelling, crying hitigiama v.inf suffering hirwe (irwe startle, surprise) hitigemata v.inf problem, v.inf surprise trouble hirwejita (irweja be surprised, hitik (tetik bang, hit, push once) startled) v.inf.cont surprise v.inf banging, hitting hisihi H) hisiha L) hisihe num hitila (itilai 1 wait for) v.inf hundred waiting

hitimayak 24 hitimayak (itimayaha pretend) hiwaru (inna) M,H) huwaru n H) hitimiyak v.inf pretending cat (general) warak hi--u/-ak hitir (tetir lean against, touch) hiyali (inna) [híyálì/yálí] D) D) tiro v.inf touching, leaning ilata n oil yali hi-/ D) ilatai on hiyaya (inna, ille) ( hear, listen) D) hitira itira [híyáyà/yáyá] n porcupine hitaniŋo L) hitire v.inf listening yaya hi-/ (inna, ille) n child hito1 [hìtɔɔ] hiyehita (iyeha breathe) durre v.inf.cont breath (inna, ille) n hito2 [hìtɔɔ] hiyeni (inna) [hìyɛɛ̀nì/yɛɔ́ní] n scorpion tosi hi-/-si D) toci rope for tying animal, trap yeni hitonoŋorwo (inna) [ŋɔɛ̀rᵘɔɛ̀] D) hi-/ hitonaŋorwo n woman ŋorwo hiyok (inna) [hìyɔɛ̀k/yɔɔ́hɛɔ́] n ear hitono-/ yohe hi-/-e (inna) n 1) anus 2) hitto [hìtːɔɛ̀] hiyoro (iyoroi shout) L) source, root, beginning hittos hiwiwoŋita v.inf shouting /-s D) hittoc Ŋ) hittes (inna) M,H) hiwoŋita L) H) ttok adj big, important hiyorro hittok hiwoloŋita v.inf roar, loud hittoha /-a Ŋ) ittoho H,L) sound hittaha { / } H,L) iko prep ( plan) H) ho1 [hɔɛ̀] ha1 he1 hituhuma1 ituhumak with (before o, u, w) diara L) hihuhuma v.inf planning ho2 [hɔɛ̀] {ha2/he2} H,L) iko ( prepare) con.pos of (general, after hituhuma2 ituhuma preposition, before o, u, w) H,L) hihuhuma v.inf preparing Ŋ) honyie M) ( wander, ho inyie [hɔɛ̀ ìɲᶦɛɛ̀] hitunyuta ibunya honyi H,L) ikonye Pron.prep walk around) L) hitunyita with him/her v.inf.cont wandering 25 homom ho isieja [hɔɛ̀ ìsᶦɛɔ́ɟà] D) ho iceja hofwo (inna) [hɔɔ́fᵘɔɔ́/hɔɛ̀fᵘɔɛ̀ɟìn] n Ŋ,M) hosie H,L) ikose flour hofwojin /-jin Pron.prep with them hohonyo (ille, hullo) Ŋ,M,H,L) ho itai [hɔɛ̀ ìtàᶦ] D̠ ) ho itei Ŋ,M) hohonyi n grandfather hatai H,L) ikatai Pron.prep hohonyiok -o/-iok Ŋ) hohonyio with you (pl) H,L) hohonyok ho iye [hɔɛ̀ ìyɛɛ̀] Ŋ,M) hoi H) hohooi [hɔɛ̀hɔɔ́ᶦ] D) ho naŋi L) ikohoi L) ikohe Pron.prep with ohoi pron.poss of us, our you (sg) hohoro (inna, ille) n chicken, ho iyohooi [hɔɛ̀ ìyɔɛ̀hɔɔ́ᶦ] Ŋ,M) hen hohoron /-n M,L) hohore hohoi H,L) ikohoi Pron.prep D) ho naino pron.poss with us hoi [hɔɛ̀ⁱ] of you (sg), your Ŋ) hoiti M) ho naŋ [hɔɛ̀ nàŋ] (inna) M) hoite H) hoti H,L) ikanaŋ Pron.prep hoitoi [hɔɛ̌ⁱt] with me heite L) heto n bone hoit -oi/ M) hohit H) hoi L) het (inna) M,H,L) hobohoboi [ɔhɔ] (inna, hunna) L) kokioti hobehobe n back of something hokioti hobohobo -i/ n breat bone hokio -ti/ L) kokio D) olohonya Ŋ) elenya L) hodotiti (ille) M,H) hodoti L) holobe hitolewa n man hodoti -ti/ olobeŋ con before you (sg, pl), M,H) liawa L) lewa him, her, us, them (inna) n hoduwoti (inna, hunna) n holoŋ [hɔɛ̀lɔɛ̀ŋ/hɔɔ́lɔɔ́ŋì] unmarried woman hoduwo -ti/ sun, day holoŋi /-i (inna) n bank, beach, hofiti (inna, ille) [hɔɛ̀fîtî/hɔɛ̀fìr] n holoroŋ hair, feather hofir -ti/ other side of river holoroŋi /-i (inna) D,Ŋ) homwoŋ n hofitoi (inna) [hɔɛ̀fì] n rope hofi homom -toi/ M) hofito face, forehead homomite /-ite D,Ŋ) homwaŋa

honaŋ 26 honaŋ D) ho naiti Ŋ) hoiti H,L) hosok (ille) [hɔɔ́sɔɔ́k] D) hocok L) hanaŋ pron.poss of me, my ohosohi n.sg giant, large person D) hocoha honok (inna, hunna) n voice box, larynx honoha /-a H,L) honohi hoto (inna) [hɔɔ́tɔɔ́] n blood hotojin /-jin honya (tohony bite, eat) v.inf eating hotohunik num eight honyek (inna, ille) [hɔɛ̀ɲɛɛ̀k] n hotonye (inna) D) hotonyi Ŋ,M) eye honyehite /-ite honye n mother hotonyie /-e D) hotonye Ŋ,M) honyie honyie [hɔɛ̀ɲⁱɛɛ̀] D) ho nanyi M) honyi H) hoinye L) honye hotoŋwan num nine pron.poss of him/her, his/her hotwai (inna) [hɔɛ̀tᵘáⁱ/hɔɛ̀tᵘàⁱɟín] hoo (inna) [hɔɛ̀/hɔɛ̀sî] n head hosi D) hotwa n inside of something /-si D) hoci hotwaijin /-jin L) hotwe horoŋoni (inna, hunna) L) hotwe D) hotwa adv inside toŋosa n wound, sore horoŋon (inna, ille, hunna, hullo) -i/ L) toŋos howiti n clan leader, elder, older horwoŋ (inna) person howit -i/ L) howi [hɔɛ̀rᵘɔɛ̀ŋ/hɔɔ́rᵘɔɛ̀ŋâ] n back huhoi (inna) [hùk] Ŋ) hikwoi horwoŋa /-a L) horwoŋitek M) huhwe H,L) huhe n charcoal hosehe (inna) D) hocehe n 1) huk -oi/ belly, stomach 2) womb hujiti (inna) [húɟítí/húɟí] n hosehen /-n D) hocehen grass for thatch huji -ti/ hosie [hɔɛ̀sⁱɛɛ̀] D) ho icieja H) hujuti n bundle of grass huji hosi L) hose pron.poss of them, their hula (hunna) n.pl urine hosiere (inna) D) hitemi n.sg hullo1 {hunna1} dem these (mas front of something pl; near speaker) (object noun) 27 hutuk

hullo2 [húllɔɔ́] {hunna2} rel that, hunnaŋ1 [hùnnâŋ] {hulloŋ1} which, who (mas pl, before H,L) hunna dem these (fem pl; dependent verb) near speaker) (subject noun) hulloŋ1 [hùllɔɔŋ] {hunnaŋ1} hunnaŋ2 [hùnnâŋ] {hulloŋ2} H,L) hullo dem these (mas pl; rel that, which, who (fem pl, near speaker) (subject noun) before dependent verb, pointing) hulloŋ2 [hùllɔɔŋ] {hunnaŋ2} rel that, which, who (mas pl, hunnaŋ3 [hùnnâŋ] L) huna dem before dependent verb, these are (fem pl) pointing) hunom (inna, ille) L) hulo dem hulloŋ3 [hùllɔɔŋ] [húnɔɔ́m/hùnɔɛ̀mɔɛ̀] M,H,L) there are (mas pl) hinom n cave hunomo /-o hulluk (inna, ille) M,H,L) nomi [hùllúk/hùllùhí] Ŋ) hiluk M) hunwara (inna) D,Ŋ) hinwara hilluk L) ibu n hyena hulluhi /-i n.sg ash Ŋ) hiluhi M) hilluhi L) ibuho huŋu (inna) n knee huŋuta /-ta hulo (inna, ille) [hùlɔɔ/hùlɔɛ̀hɔɔ́] D) huŋa Ŋ) huŋ D,Ŋ) huro n young goat huloho (hunna) M,H,L) huleŋ n.pl /-ho D,Ŋ) huroho huriŋ goat dung, small animal dung hunna1 {hullo1} dem these (fem D) kuri pl; near speaker) (object noun) hutti (inna) D) huruti n worm hunna2 [húnná] {hullo2} rel huru -ti/-u that, which, who (fem pl, before (inna) n mouth, dependent verb) hutuk [hʊɔ́tʊɔ́k] voice hutuhen /-en M,H) hutuhe L) hutuhie

i- 28

I i- v tool verbal noun prefix idasa v.i repeat ibaŋ (inna, hunna) n female idefero L) idioforo v.i be fierce coward baŋak i-/-ak {defer} L) iba v.i arrive ibara {hiba} idek v.t leave (inna, ille) Ŋ,M) ibwoni n iboni idis (inna, hunna) [ìdîs/ìdîs] D) fortune teller, diviner, hidik L) edis n shadow of cloud witchdoctor ibwana -oni/-wana idis D) hidik L) edisi M) iboni ido (inna) [ídɔɔ́] n.sg sky, heaven iboŋo v.t meet {hiboŋ} (inna, hunna) n baby girl H) ibunye L) itunye v.t idole ibunya idoliaha /-aha D) idolicin wander, walk around M,H,L) idwoŋo v.i rise, {hitunyuta} idoŋo appear (like sun) {hidoŋ2} ibura v.t penetrate, enter, open by (inna) n.sg darkness force {hibura} idumele adv 1) past time 2) later iburahini v.t attack ifa {hiburahini} ifagi (inna) D) gul na hacak Ŋ) tel L) boŋit a tawa n.sg calf pen ibusak D) telahak) v.t 1) leave 2) D) gula hunna hacak Ŋ) tela L) allow, permit boŋitto a tawa ibwari M) ibusari H,L) ibuse v.i ifia v.t ask, inquire, investigate slip away, escape {hifia} (inna) L) hiket n icet [ícɛɔ́t/ìcɛɔ́ⁱtì] v.t tie dancing ornament, decoration, ifita {hifita} costume iceiti /-i M,H) iceti L) hiketi 29 ikulaŋ

igem (inna) [ígɛɔ́m/ìgɛɛ̀mí] ihuma1 (inna, ille) D) ikuma n (igema 1 work) n work igemi tortoise, land turtle ihumaha /-i H) igemita /-ha D) ikumaha L) igema v.t do, get, igema L) igiama v.t 1) work ihuma2 make {igem} {itigema} 2) build {hihuma} con and you (sg, pl) igerit (inna) n paint, decoration ijo igeriti /-i D) igerita ijoriyai D) mocotai v.i be sad igigilo L) igigile v.t think {jore} {higigilo} ikafuti (inna, ille) D) itahafuti n igoliti (togolo 2 be difficult) bat ikafuuti tone/tone D) v.inf.cont difficulty, hardship itahafujo (inna, ille) D) iherek n igolo (inna, ille) n bell igoloho ikarrak /-ho water turtle ikarrahi /-i D) iherehi igorroja H) iggorro L) igorre v.i ikat (inna) [íkát/ìkátìn] D) iha snore {higorro} L) hihat n door ikatin /-in D) ihatin L) hihatin iho (inna) [íhɔɔ́] n.sg dew, wet ground in morning ikoi (inna, ille) [hɔɔ́ⁱ] D) ihoi L) hihe n path, road, way koi i-/ ihoho (inna) [ɔɣɔ] {lohoho} n D) hoi M) ikotia female thief hoholak i-/-lak ikubo D) ikubo L) italihari v.t ihudi (inna, hunna) L) ikudik n forriage, hunt small game armpit ihudiha /-ha D) hudi L) ikudihi {hikubo} ihuluk (inna, hunna) n waist ikulaŋ (inna, hunna) n hernia ihuluhi /-i ikulaŋi /-i

iliefit 30 iliefit (inna, ille) D,Ŋ) irefit L) (posessing a mas pl noun) olefit n container (for milk) illeŋ1 [ìllɛɔŋ] {innaŋ1} H,L) ille iliefiti /-i D,Ŋ) irefiti L) olefiti dem this (mas sg; near speaker) ilira con when you (sg, pl) (subject noun) illeŋ2 [ìllɛɔŋ] L) ile dem this is illa1 (inna, ille, hunna, hullo) (mas sg) [ìlːá] exp friend, brother, please Ŋ) illamaha illilloŋo D,Ŋ) iloloŋo v.t call {hillilloŋo} illa2 [íllà] {illo/inna1/ille2} D) hulo con.pos of (male pl) illo [íllɔɛ̀] {illa2/ille2/inno} D) (before a) hulo con.pos of (male pl) illafa D) hulefa L) hulifa rel that, (before o, u, w) which, who (mas pl known) illohoi [íllɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀ⁱ] {innohoi} D) illahatai [íllàhàtàⁱ] hulino pron.poss your (sg) (posessing a mas pl noun) {innahatai} D) hulinyin pron.poss your (pl) (posessing illohonyie [íllɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀ɲᶦɛɛ̀] a mas pl noun) {innohonyie} D) hulenyi M) illohonyi H) illohoinye L) ille1 num six illohonye pron.poss his, her ille2 [íllɛɛ̀] {illa2/inne1/illo} D) (posessing a mas pl noun) hulo con.pos of (male pl) { } (before e, i) illohooi [íllɔɛ̀hɔɔ́ⁱ] innohooi D) huleŋi pron.poss our ille3 {inna2} dem this (mas sg; (posessing a mas pl noun) near speaker) (object noun) illohosie [íllɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀sⁱɛɛ̀] { } D,L) hulo rel ille4 [íllɛɛ̀] inne2 {innohosie} D) hule iceja H) that (mas pl noun, before illohosi L) illohose pron.poss adjective) their (posessing a mas pl noun) { } D) illenaŋ [íllɛɛ̀náŋ] innanaŋ illolo [íllòlò] {innana} D) lala huliti Ŋ) ileiti M) illeti H,L) Ŋ,M) ille L) ilia dem those (mas illanaŋ pron.poss my 31 inne

pl; near hearer) inna1 [ínnà] {inne1/illa2/inno} iloho D) tecienita v.t laugh D) huna con.pos of (female pl) (before a) {hilohita} { } dem this (fem sg, (inna) M,H,L) ilama n.sg inna2 ille3 iloma near speaker)(object noun) distance, place far away Ŋ) ilomaha L) ilamaha innafa D,L) hunafa rel that, which, who (fem pl known) iloririjo v.i be shy {hiloriri} innahatai [ínàhàtàⁱ] iluluŋ quan many {illahatai} D) hunanyin L) ilunya v.i escape, go without hatai pron.poss your (pl) notice {hiluny} (posessing a fem pl noun) imetak M,H,L) imiatak v.t innana [ínnànà] {illolo} D) nana Ŋ,M) inne L) inia dem increase, give much {himeta} those (fem pl; near hearer) (inaŋ) D,Ŋ) madok n immadok innanaŋ [ínnànáŋ] {illenaŋ} gum immadohi /-i D) madoho D) hunaiti Ŋ) inneiti M) inneti Ŋ) madohi L) hanaŋ pron.poss my imoli {lomoli} adj black (female (posessing a fem pl noun) noun) imoliha /-ha innaŋ1 [ìnnâŋ] {illeŋ1} H,L) imorota H) imoroto v.i be inna dem this (fem sg, near speaker) (subject noun) generous {himorot} innaŋ2 [ìnnâŋ] L) ina dem this is L) imute v.t blink imuta (fem sg) {himuta} inne1 [ínnɛɛ̀] {inno/inna1/ille2} inefa D) inefo M) inefu H,L) D) huna con.pos of (female pl) (before e, i) iniafa v.t catch {hinef} inne2 [ínnɛɛ̀] {ille4} D,L) huna rel that (fem pl noun, before inne 32

adjective) inyeru D) teŋeru L) tonyeru v.i inni adv here run, come out D) imarit L) keker adv inno [ínnɔɛ̀] {inne1/inna1/illo} iŋalio D) huna con.pos of (female pl) evening (before o, u, w) iŋeru L) tonyeru v.i come innohoi [ínnɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀ⁱ] {illohoi} D) running hunaino L) hoi pron.poss your iŋeye (inna, hunna) D) —- n (sg) (posessing a fem pl noun) female child iŋeyaha -e/-aha innohonyie [ínnɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀ɲᶦɛɛ̀] D) —- {illohonyie} D) hunanyi M) iŋotit (inna, ille) L) hiŋotit n innohonyi H) innohoinye L) adze, cutting tool iŋotiti /-i L) honye pron.poss his, her hiŋotiti (posessing a fem pl noun) iŋunya H,L) iŋuyejo v.i smile { } innohooi [ínnɔɛ̀hɔɔ́ⁱ] illohooi {hiŋunya} D) hunaŋi L) ohoi pron.poss our (posessing a fem pl noun) iŋwe D) —- H,L) —- n crying one (nickname for baby) innohosie [ínnɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀sⁱɛɛ̀] iŋwesen /-sen { } D) huna iceja H) illohosie (inna) n brush ipotiti /-i innohosi L) hose pron.poss ipotit their (posessing a fem pl noun) ira D) ara H,L) ida adv just now, ino v.i go, went a little while ago D) irefo M,H) inya H,L) enye nobo adv there is irefoi [ìrɛɛ̀fɔɛ̀ᶦ] nothing iriofo L) iriofe v.t 1) search, look for {hirefo} 2) complain inyahak v.i repeat, again irietak D) ifita M,H,L) iriatak v.t inyeja1 [ìɲɛɛ̀1ɟâ] M) inija H,L) inya pron.obj him, her tie {hirietak} D) iruho M,L) inyeja2 [íɲɛɛ̀ɟâ] M) inija H) inya iruhu [írúhù] L) inye pron.sub (s)he iruhok H) iruho v.t 1) accept 33 itilai

{hiruk} 2) agree 3) answer, itahwo v.t honour, praise call back {hitahwo} irumok v.t attack {hirumuta} itai1 [ìtàⁱ] D) itei M) etai irurwoi D) irurwo M) ilulwoi pron.obj you (pl) H,L) ilulwe v.i cry, yell itai2 [ìtàⁱ] D) itei pron.sub you {hirurwo} (pl) irwe v.t startle, surprise {hirwe} itak (inna, ille) [ítàk/ìtàhí] D) v.i be surprised, startled itawuk n ostrich itahi /-i D) irweja itawuhi {hirwejita} itasuho v.t make short isasara D) icacata v.t scatter itaturo v.t destroy {hitaturo} {hisisara} iti- L) ito-, ita- v command plural isieja1 [ìsⁱɛɛ̀ɟâ] D) iceja M) isija verb prefix H,L) isia pron.obj them itiaha D,Ŋ) icaha L) itiara v.t D) iceja M) isija isieja2 [ísⁱɛɛ̀ɟâ] begin H) isia L) isi pron.sub they {hitiara} v.t frighten isio (inna) [ísⁱɔɔ́/ìsⁱɔɛ̀ɟìn] D) icio itibaŋa M,H) hisio n honey, oil isiojin itidarai v.t be proud of /-jin D) iciojin M,H) hisiojin {hitidara} iso D) ico adv later itigema (igema 1 work) D) D) icuro v.i jump isuro {hisur} itigiama v.t suffer {hitigema} v tool verbal noun suffix -iti -it itihabwoi v.t honour, revere v habitual/continuous verb -ita {hihabwo} suffix itilai D) itila H,L) itile v.t 1) wait itaboto L) itiboto v.i be for 2) hesitate immediate {hitila} itimayaha 34 itimayaha H) itimiyaha v.t iwati (inna) D,Ŋ) iwai M,H) pretend {hitimayak} huwati n wing iwa -ti/ D,Ŋ) iwaa M,H) huwaa itinyara v.t make honest iyane D) aina adv now L) titiŋ adj small hitiŋ /h- itiŋ (inna) D) iyaŋiti n.sg D,H) itiŋ L) titiŋi iyaŋ [íyáŋ] (my) mother, mum itira [ítírà] D) itaniŋo v.t hear, iye1 [ìyɛɛ̀] pron.obj you (sg) listen {hitira} iye2 [ìyɛɛ̀] pron.sub you (sg) itiran (inna) n.sg fog, mist, v.i breathe humid air iyeha {hiyehita} itiremik v.t make fit iyohoi1 [ìyɔɛ̀hɔɔ́ⁱ] L) ihohe pron.obj us itiriyama v.t cool down iyohoi2 [íyɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀ⁱ] L) iyohe itiriyamik v.t be eager, zealous pron.sub we ituhuma H) ihuhuma L) iyoroi D) iyoro L) iwiwoŋite v.i ihuhume v.t prepare shout {hiyoro} {hituhuma2} iyya adv like, as ituhumak H) odiarak L) adv like this (near ihuhumak v.t plan iyya inna speaker) {hituhuma1} iyya naa adv like that (near (ille) M,H) itulit L) itulet n itule hearer) small hole ituloho -e/-oho iyya nia adv like that (far from (inna, hunna) n brain itulu both, known) ituluha /-ha 35 kwan

J jai D) jei ques how {a jai} jiŋai (tejiŋai) v.inf entering jani (inna) [ɟànî/ɟànⁱâ] n broom jiŋita (tejiŋu come out, exit) jania /-a D) janico L) jiani v.inf coming, going jati (inna) [ɟátí] n green, jiore n.sg big rocks on side of collected, uncooked vegetable steep mountain, cliff (spinach, etc.) jacio /-o D) jatio jore (ijoriyai be sad) D) mocota ji H,L) jiji quan few v.inf sadness jia adv nothing

K

-k v apply verb suffix kokwak adv fast, quickly kakami (inna, hunna) D) kamahi kori (inna, ille) [kɔɛ̀rì/kɔɛ̀rⁱɔɔ] n n jaw kakama -i/-a D) giraffe korio /-o kamakamak H,L) kakam kurufat (inna) n whip kurufati kebu (inna, ille) [kɛɛ̀bù/kɛɛ̀bᵘâ] n /-i hoe, digging tool kebwa /-a kuya con or (inna, ille) Ŋ) ker [kɛɔ́r/kⁱɔɛ̀rɔɛ̀] (inna) M,H) wan L) kier n sheep kioro /-o D) kera kwan [kᵘàn] hwan n 1) body 2) self (used kiema (tekiem try) D) tema H) for reflexive verb) kwanite -n/- kiama L) ciama v.inf tyring ite Ŋ) kwaite M) watie H) wate L) hwatek

l- 36

L

l- v dependent verb prefix le2 [lɛɔ́] {na2} L) ille rel that (mas sg noun, before adjective) la1 {le1/na1/lo1} D) le con.pos of (male sg) (before a) le3 [lɛɔ́] {lo2/la2/ne2} rel that, { / / } rel that, which, who (mas sg, before la2 [lá] lo2 le3 na3 dependent verb with e, i) which, who (mas sg, before dependent verb with a) ledis (inna) [lɛɔ́dìs/lɛɛ̀dìsí] D) { } Ŋ,M) lee H) lodik M,H) ohidis L) edis n laa ? [lâ] naa ? shadow, shade ledisi /-i D) lolo L) lia dem that (mas sg; lodihi M,H) ohidisi L) edisi near hearer) (hunna) D,Ŋ) re n.pl (ille, hullo) D) lobaŋ n lee ? [lɛɔ́] labaŋ milk male coward baŋak la-/-ak (inna, ille) D) lefa L) lifa rel that, which, leewa [lɛɔ́wá/lɛɛ̀wâⁱ] lafa M,H) lleiwa L) llewa n gazelle who (mas sg known) type leewai /-i D) leewana M) lahalai (inna, ille) D) loholai H) lleiwa H) lleiwai L) llewai ahalai L) ohole n pole (in leferiti (ille) D) lakieti M) ofieri house) lahalajin -i/-jin D) H) oferi L) haferio n louse, lice loholajin H) ahalajin L) lefero -iti/-o D) lakie M) ofier oholajin H) ofer L) hafer { } D) lahatai [láhàtàⁱ] nahatai leferrek (inna, ille) D) loferre lenyin pron.poss your (pl) M,L) hitojo n hare, rabbit (possessing a mas sg noun) leferrehi /-i D) loferrehi lajo con when, if I M,H,L) hitojosin H) tojo lara con if I, (s)he, they lefidik (inna) D,M,H) lofidik L) lofidik n trap lefidihi /-i le1 [lɛɔ́] {lo1/la1/ne1} con.pos of D,M,H) lofidihi L) ofidihi (male sg) (before e, i) 37 loboŋ lei- H,L) —- v location verbal leriet {riet} D) lodo adj red noun prefix (male noun) lerieti /-i D) lodo leifori (inna) L) efori v.n.l lia [lⁱâ] {nia} Ŋ,M) lie dem that kitchen lei- (mas sg; away from both speaker and hearer) leijo con when, if we liha (telihai hunt) v.inf hunt leime (inna) [lɛɔ́ⁱmɛɛ̀/lɛɛ̀mⁱɔɔ́hɔɛ̀] M,H) lemie L) leme n lion lijo con when, if you (sg, pl) lemioho /-oho D) leimeho L) (inna) D) liŋko n.sg salt emioho liŋ [líŋ] con if you (sg, pl) leira con if we lira ( climb down, jump) H) leiramitari (inna) M,H,L) lita teliu eramitari v.n.l playground, luta L) leita v.inf climbing dancing place lei- down { / / } con.pos of lekiere (ille) D) leikere M,H) lo1 [lɔɔ́] le1 la1 no2 okele L) okofe n pebble, small (male sg) (before o, u, w) rock lekieren /-n D) leikeren lo2 [lɔɔ́] {la2/no3/le3} rel that, M,H) okelen L) okofiaha which, who (mas sg, before lelofere v.dep intelligent dependent verb with o, u, w) { } L) obo dem lenaŋ [lɛɔnáŋ] {nanaŋ} D,Ŋ) lobo [lɔɔ́bɔɛ̀] nabo leiti M) leti H,L) lanaŋ certain (mas sg; particular one pron.poss my (possessing a in the mind of the speaker) mas sg noun) loboite {naboite} D) loboitoi lenyi (ille, hullo) D) renyi H,L) H) lobotie L) ille obote num lonyi n son lenyirok /-rok one (male noun) D,H,L) lonyirok loboŋ {boŋ} D) lobwor adj leŋeye (ille, hullo) D) —- H,L) white (male noun) loboŋi /-i D) oŋeye n male child leŋeyaha lobwor -e/-aha D) —- H,L) oŋeyaha loboŋi 38 loboŋi (inna) L) oboŋi n tree, loho (inna, hunna) n shoulder vegetable type loboŋin /-n L) lohoho /-ho oboŋin lohoho (ille) {ihoho} n male lobute (inna, hunna) H,L) obute thief hoholak lo-/-lak M,H) n hip lobutiaha /-aha H,L) hahalak obutiaha lohoi [lɔɔhɔɛ̀ⁱ] {nohoi} D) lino loddwa (inna) D) lorere L) pron.poss your (sg) (possessing oddwi n.sg bile, gall a mas sg noun) lodo {odo} adj red (male noun) lohonyie [lɔɔ́hɔɛ̀ɲⁱɛɛ̀] {nohonyie} lodo D) lenyi M) lohonyi H) (ille, hullo) H,L) odole n lohoinye L) lohonye pron.poss lodole his, her (possessing a mas sg baby boy lodoliaha /-aha D) noun) lodolicin H,L) odoliaha { } D) liŋi (inna, hunna) H,L) ogolo lohooi [lɔɔhɔɔ́ⁱ] nohooi logoro pron.poss our (possessing a n throat logoroho /-ho H,L) mas sg noun) ogoloho { } D) (inna) L) ogule n elbow lohosie [lɔɔ́hɔɛ̀sⁱɛɛ̀] nohosie logule le iceja H,L) lohose pron.poss loguliaha /-aha D) loguleco L) their (possessing a mas sg oguliaha noun) (inna, hunna) H,L) ogure logure lohuruk (inna, ille) D) tuhe Ŋ) n spine, back bone logureho lokuduk L) ohuruk n crow, bird /-ho Ŋ) loguren H) oguren L) type lohuruhi /-i D) tuheco Ŋ) ogurioho lokuduhi L) ohuruhi (inna, hunna) Ŋ) lohanyi lojo con when, if (s)he, they lahanye H,L) ahanyi n phlegm, throat mucus lohanyin /-n Ŋ) lokwai adv quietly lahanyen H) ahanyin L) (ille) D) lorewa ahanyihin loliawa [lɛɛ̀wà] Ŋ) lerewa L) olewa n 1) husband 2) liawa lo-/ D,Ŋ) 39 lwaha

rewa L) lewa lotiri (ille) n small hoe, digging lolwari (inna) L) olwar n.sg dry tool lotiriha /-ha D) lotiricen ground (bank of river) M,H) lotiriha L) lotirihien lomini (inna, ille) Ŋ) lemini lotoŋoni (inna, hunna) n M,H) omini L) hiwaru n eyebrow lotoŋoŋ -ni/-ŋ leopard lominiha /-ha Ŋ) lotwala (inna) n.sg ash (old word leminiha M,H) ominiha L) for ash) warak (inna) ( cough) { } adj black (male lowali towalai lomoli imoli H,L) owali v.inf coughing noun) lomoliha /-ha disease (inna, hunna) H,L) oŋul n loŋul lowote (inna) D) lowotoi L) cheek bulge (from food) loŋuli owote n.sg diarrhea /-i D) ŋula H,L) oŋuli (inna) Ŋ) leyame M,H) (inna) L) oromori n.sg loyami loromori oyami L) oyame n.sg wind place of digging (inna) Ŋ) leyiri M,H,L) (inna, hunna) H) oruk L) loyiri loruk oyiri n spirit loyiriha /-ha Ŋ) ruk n hump loruhi /-i H) oruhi leyiriha M,L) oyirihien H) L) ruhi oyiriha (inna, ille) lorwoti luha [lúhà] {nuha} Ŋ,M) luhe [lɔɔ́rᵘɔɔ́tí/lɔɔ́rᵘɔɔ́t] M,H,L) olwoti H) liya L) luhia dem those (mas n cannibal lorwot -i/ M) olwot pl; away from both speaker and H,L) halwok hearer) losura {sura} adj brown (male lwaha (tolwak help) v.inf help, noun) losurai /-i L) losuraha assistance

ma 40

M ma L) —- adv must, shall mariti (inna, hunna) H,L) marie n rib mari -ti/ madok (inna) [màdɔɔk/màdɔɛ̀hí] D,Ŋ) noŋa n beeswax madohi marwani (inna, ille, hunna, /-i D,Ŋ) noŋati hullo) n old one, elder marwak -ni/-k mahati adv maybe (inna, hunna) D) macidi (inna, ille) n place masidi mai [màⁱ] n clitoris masid -i/ D) macido massik -i/-ssik D) macohi Ŋ) maisihi, maisiok mau adv maybe mala (tamalai) v.inf bleet, cry menai (temenai dispise, (ille, hullo) n father's disdain) H) miana L) mianai mamanyi v.inf dispising brother, uncle mamanyio /-o H) mamanyok L) mamanyo miet num five mana (inna) [máná/mátːà] n miko (inna) D) —- H,L) —- n.sg farm (away from house) matta ear wax -a/-ta miŋari v.inf business many con until mita (temitai spit) v.inf spit ( live, stay) manya tamanyai (inna) L) miaŋ v.inf living, staying miyaŋ [mìyàŋ] n.sg grass (general) (inna) maŋat [màŋât/màŋàtîn] (inna) M,H) motie L) mote n 1) camp 2) platform maŋatin moite /-in n.sg morning adv daily, everyday mariŋ (inna) [màrìŋ/màrìŋâ] n moite-moite fence, pen mariŋa /-a D) moloŋ (inna, ille) mariŋo [mɔɛ̀lɔɛ̀ŋ/mɔɛ̀lɔɛ̀ŋɔɔ] n baboon moloŋo /-o 41 muro monye (ille) [mɔɔ́ɲɛɔ́/mɔɛ̀ɲⁱɛɔ] n motte (inna) [mɔɔ́tːɛɔ́] n female father, owner monyie /-e friend motiarak -te/-iarak D) motteja L) motiak monyiti (inna) [mɔɔ́ɲítí/mɔɔ́ɲít] n intestine monyit -i/ Ŋ) monyi muce (inna) D,H,L) –- n.sg shortsighted monyomijiti (ille) M,H) lomonyomiji H) monyomiji L) muda v.inf roast lomonyomiti n villager, person (inna) D) living in village monyomiji -ti/ mugu [mùgù/mùgᵘɔɔ] L) monyomi logur n granary mugwo /-o D) loguri moŋ exp hello mugulati (inna, hunna) D) moŋati n stones of fortune teller muculati H) mosolai L) moŋa -ti/ Ŋ) moŋo mosolati n beard mugula -ti/ D) mucula H,L) mosola moriŋ (inna, ille) (inna, ille) n leather, [mɔɛ̀rìŋ/mɔɛ̀rìŋɔɔ] n dikdik, muhunyo gazelle type moriŋo /-o dried skin muhuny -o/ D,Ŋ) muhunyon morroti (inna, ille) mumuna (tomumun corrupt) [mɔɛ̀rrɔɛ̀tí/mɔɛ̀rrɔɔ] n bean H,L) himumuna v.inf corruption morro -ti/ munoi (inna) (tomunoi be morwari (inna) n.sg rocky place happy, love) v.inf love morwo (inna, ille) [mɔɔ́rú] n munu (inna, ille) [múnú] n stone moru -o/ snake munok -u/-ok D,Ŋ) muniok mosota (tomosotai be sad) D) mocota L) muguta v.inf sadness munya (inna) [múɲá/mùɲâⁱ] n liver munyai /-i D) munyana L) moti (inna, ille) [mɔɛ̀tì/mɔɛ̀cⁱɔɔ] n munyajin pot mocio /-o D) motio muro (inna) [múrɔɔ́/múrɔɔ́sì] L) ohuya n thigh, leg above knee muro 42

murosi /-si D) muroci M) /-ri D) girica Ŋ) girisa L) murojin H) muroi L) ohuyaha girisari murut (inna) [múrút] n neck mwarahati (inna) D) mwarahi mutto -ut/-to Ŋ) mwarak n horn of animal mwarak -ati/ D,Ŋ) mwaraha musa (inna) D) giricai Ŋ) girisai L) girisa n bush, forest musari

N

na1 [ná] {no2/la1/ne1} con.pos of nafa rel that, which, who (fem sg (female sg) (before a) known) na2 [ná] {le2} H) ne L) inna rel nahatai [náhàtàⁱ] {lahatai} D) that (fem sg noun, before nanyin L) hatai pron.poss your adjective) (pl) (possessing a fem sg noun) na3 [ná] {ne2/no3/la2} rel that, nanaŋ [nânáŋ] {lenaŋ} D) which, who (fem sg, before naiti Ŋ) neiti M) neti L) hanaŋ dependent verb with a) pron.poss my (possessing a fem sg noun) naa ? [nâ] {laa ?} Ŋ,M) ne H) nana L) nia dem that (fem sg; naŋ1 [nàŋ] M) nayya H) naya near hearer) pron.obj me nabo [nábɔɛ̀] {lobo} M,H) nobo naŋ2 [nàŋ] M) nayya H) naya L) abo dem certain (fem sg; pron.sub I particular one in mind of { / / } D) na speaker) ne1 [nɛɔ́] no2 le1 na1 con.pos of (female sg) (before naboite {loboite} D) naboitoi e, i) H) nobotie L) inna abote num { / / } rel that, one (female noun) ne2 [nɛɔ́] no3 na3 le3 which, who (fem sg, before dependent verb with e, i) 43 nyina ni adv very, just, momentarily (possessing a fem sg noun) { } D) -ni v person verbal noun suffix -k nohosie [nɔɔ́hɔɛ̀sⁱɛɛ̀] lohosie na iceja H) nohose L) hose nia [nⁱâ] {lia} Ŋ,M) nyie H,L) pron.poss their (possessing a nyia dem that (fem sg; away fem sg noun) from both speaker and hearer) nolokwat (inna) D) nalowori Ŋ) niemai (inna, ille) n.sg thin nolowori n.sg loud sound niya H) nia L) enia adv there noŋo (inna) Bw (Latuka) Ŋ) adv very hinoŋo n.sg deformed head D) no1 noŋoi { / / } D) na no2 [nɔɔ́] ne1 na1 lo1 noŋorwo (inna) [ŋɔɛ̀rᵘɔɛ̀] D) con.pos of (female sg) (before naŋorwo M,H) oŋorwo L) o, u, w) aŋorwo n wife ŋorwo no-/ { / / } rel that, no3 [nɔɔ́] ne2 lo2 na3 nuha [núhà] {luha} Ŋ,M) nuhe which, who (fem sg, before H) niya L) nuhia dem those dependent verb with o, u, w) (fem pl; away from both no-no adv much speaker and hearer) nohoi [nɔɔhɔɛ̀ⁱ] {lohoi} D) naino nyahuto n iron, mettal nyahuwo L) hoi pron.poss your (sg) -to/-wo (possessing a fem sg noun) nyalami (inna, hunna) n kindess nohon (inna) n.sg heat nyalamak -i/-ak nohonyie [nɔɔ́hɔɛ̀ɲⁱɛɛ̀] nyawa (inna) [ɲá] D,Ŋ) nya n cow utter nyawatin /-tin D,Ŋ) { } D) nanyi M) lohonyie nyatin L) nyawara nohonyi H) nohoinye L) honye pron.poss his, her (possessing a nyimo (tenyimu choose, pick) fem sg noun) v.inf choosing, picking nohooi [nɔɔhɔɔ́ⁱ] {lohooi} D) nyina (tenyin wink) v.inf wink naŋi L) ohoi pron.poss our nyo 44 nyo L) nyio ques what, why is squeezed from comb nyoŋa -ti/ Ŋ) nyoŋo M,H) nyaŋa (inna) nyoŋati [ɲɔɛ̀ŋɔɛ̀tí/ɲɔɛ̀ŋɔɔ] (inna, hunna) n wrinkle Ŋ) nyoŋoti M,H) nyaŋati n nyuriti beeswax, remainder after honey (on skin) nyuri -ti/

Ŋ

ŋa- H,L) a- v perfect verb prefix ŋati (inna) [ŋátí/ŋàcⁱɔɔ] n side, (inna) L) toŋosa n part of something ŋacio /-o D) ŋabura ŋatijo wound, infection ŋaburaha /-ha L) toŋos ŋerebebwai (inna, hunna) H,L) (inna, ille) ŋerebebi n cartilage ŋerebebwa ŋadief -i/ H,L) ŋerebebe n tongue [ŋádⁱɛɔ́f/ŋàdⁱɛɛ̀fà] (inna, ille) ŋadiefa /-a L) ŋadiafa ŋidony n monkey ques who [ŋìdɔɛ̀ɲ/ŋìdɔɛ̀ɲɔɔ] ŋai ŋidonyo /-o (inna, hunna) D) ŋanyini ŋaini ŋijim (inna) [ŋíɟím/ŋìɟìmà] n H) ŋani L) ŋanini n daughter chin ŋijima /-a ŋainok -i/-ok D) ŋanyinok H,L) ŋaniok ŋiria (inna) [ŋìrⁱà] n asida, thick (inna, hunna) n vagina porridge ŋiriasin /-sin D) ŋali ŋiriyaicin Ŋ) ŋiriyai ŋaliak /-ak ( hide from) L) ŋofe (inna) n grain ŋofo toŋofoi ŋamari [ŋàmà] v.inf hidding ŋama -ri/ (inna, hunna) D) ŋudufa n (inna) D) ŋanyini Ŋ) ŋaini ŋuduf ŋani palate, top of mouth ŋudufo /-o M) ŋeni L) ŋanini n girl, D) ŋudufi H,L) ŋudufi daughter ŋaniok /-ok D) ŋanyinok Ŋ) ŋainok M) ŋenok ŋwai (inna) n.sg disease, illness 45 riet

O odo {lodo} D,Ŋ) lodo adj red D,Ŋ,H) —- (female noun) odo ojo con and (s)he, they odulaŋ (inna, hunna) D,Ŋ,H) —- n hump of cow odulaŋi /-i

P per (inna) D,Ŋ) pir M,H,L) per n pir (inna, hunna) [pír/pír] D) bicycle peri /-i D,Ŋ) pirra bwac n point of spear pirra /-ra M,H,L) peri D) bwaci L) pirri por n.sg mancala game

R raboloti (inna) Ŋ) raboloi n remai (teremai forbid) H,L) banana rabolo -ti/ riama v.inf forbiding rafuti (inna, hunna) n sack -ri v result verb suffix covering bowl rafu -ti/ rid adv tightly, hard (inna) L) iraŋ n raŋ [ráŋ/ràŋà] { } D) lodo adj red bow for shooting arrows raŋa riet leriet /-a L) iraŋi (female noun) rieti /-i D) lodo

riŋa 46 riŋa (teriŋai see, watch) v.inf romote (inna) (toromoi dig, seeing, watching cultivate) D,Ŋ) romoto n.sg planted field, place of planting rioho (terioho be dark) v.inf darkness rudeti (inna, hunna) n instestinal worm rude -ti/ riri1 H) irri adv with guilt, shame ( find, get) H) (hunna) n.pl shame ruma torrumu riri2 rruma L) arrumu v.inf finding, rofan (inna) [rɔɛ̀fán/rɔɛ̀fàní] D) getting rufan M,H,L) ofioti n roof run (inna, hunna) (torwo be frame before thatch is laid on it selfish) n problem, trouble ruta rofani /-i D) rufani M,H,L) /-ta ofiot (inna) D) rucon n.sg body ( dig, cultivate) ruson romo toromoi rash v.inf digging, cultivating

S sali (inna) [sàlì] D) cali n stove, serita (tesieru belch, burp) D) place of cooking salito /-to D) cerita v.inf belch calico Ŋ,H) salia siaha (tesiehu) D) ceho L) sehi (inna) [sáŋ] D) cohine M,H) hitufa v.inf search sehine L) tehine n thing, (inna) D) property saŋ D) caŋ sihet [sìhɛɔt/sìhɛɛ̀tí] cihet n chicken comb siheti /-i sehine D) cohine Ŋ) sehi L) D) ciheco tehine n thing, item, belonging (inna) D) ciŋiati Ŋ) siŋeta saŋ D) caŋ siŋata M) siŋatai L) siŋate n.sg sand seit (hunna) n.pl vomit D) ceit sofe (inna, ille) [sɔɛ̀fɛɔ/sɔɛ̀fⁱâ] D) cofe L) hisofe n drill, hoe for 47 tagalik

making holes for planting sofia soniok /-ok D) coniok /-a D) cofejin suhe (inna) [súhɛɔ́/sùhᶦɛɛ̀nà] D) sohoti (inna) [sɔɛ̀hɔɛ̀tí/sɔɛ̀hɔɔt] D) cuge n chest suhiena /-ena D) cohoti n palm tree sohot -i/ D) cugena L) suhiara cohot suhon (inna, ille) D) cuhon n.sg solo D) colo n.sg spoon made shortness from shell sula (tosul push) D) jula v.inf somai (inna) [sɔɛ̀mâⁱ/sùmù] D) pushing cumai n fat sumu -i/ D) cumu { } adj brown (female L) suma sura losura noun) surai /-i L) isuraha soni (inna, ille, hunna, hullo) D) coni n mother's sister or brother

T t- {ti-} v causative i verb prefix tadada D) tedada v.t touch, feel ta [tà] {to/te} D) te prep by, around {dada} with, from, above (before a) tadara D,Ŋ,L) todora v.i be ripe, { / } D) te- L) to- v ta- to- te- ready {don} command singular verb prefix tafar (inna) [táfár/tàfàrà] n tabak [tábàk] D) tebak L) abak lake, pond tafara /-a v.t beat, hit {baha} tafeŋi (inna, ille) D) tafiŋ Ŋ) tabaŋa D) tebaŋa v.t be afraid of, tafeŋ n guinea pig tafioŋo -i/-o D) tafiŋo Ŋ) tafeŋo fear {baŋi} tagalik v.i be more than someone

tahalana 48 tahalana v.i be lazy {halan} tatany D) tetany L) totir v.t feel tahu D) tawu ques where (with hand) {hitany} taji (inna) [táɟí/tàɟⁱâ] n heart taturo v.t scatter, destory tajia /-a tawaha v.t want, desire (hunna) D,Ŋ) turoŋ tallu-tallus {wahan} n.pl swollen wound, injury, lumps on body tawak L) kokwak adv quickly talulu (inna) Ŋ) calulu L) atalulu tawulai (ille, hullo) H) tahulai n.sg leprosy L) tawulei n testicle tawula -i/ H) tahula tamalai D) temala L) tamale v.i tayam v.t yawn, open mouth bleet, cry of sheep mala {yamita} tamanyai D) temanya L) tamanyie v.i live, stay te [tɛɛ̀] {to/ta} M,H,L) to prep by, with, from, above (before e, i) {manya} { / } M,H,L) to- v (ille) n 1) te- to- ta- tamot [tàmɔɛ̀t/tàmɔɔ́tì] command singular verb prefix castrated bull 2) male animal tamoti /-i teceitai D) tecienita M,H) ilohitai L) ilohite v.t laugh tamu (inna) [tàmù] n helmet tamwo /-o D) tamuco {ceini} {cieni} tanyara v.i 1) be honest 2) be tediak H,L) todiak v.t fail, miss good {diaha} v.i go to side taŋat tedik H,L) todik v.i be patient tara D) tira v.i is, be {hira} {dihan} tarasai v.i remain tejiŋai [tɛɔ́ɟìŋàⁱ] D) tejiŋak M,H) tataf v.t touch {hiraf} tojiŋai L) tojiŋe v.i enter jiŋai 49 tero tejiŋak H,L) tojiŋak v.i enter tere hohooi D) ta ha iyohooi Ŋ) M,H,L) tojiŋu v.i come ta ho iyohooi L) tiŋ ohe tejiŋu Pron.prep from, by us out, exit {jiŋita} tere hoi D,Ŋ) ta hoi L) tiŋ hoi tekiem D) tetem H) tokiem L) Pron.prep from, by you (sg) tociem v.t try {kiema} tere honaŋ D,Ŋ) ta honaŋ H) tere hanaŋ L) tiŋ hanaŋ tele (hunna) [tɛɔ́lɛɔ́] D,Ŋ) tere n.pl Pron.prep from, by me hail tere honyie D,Ŋ) ta honyie L) telihai D) teliha H,L) tolihai v.t tiŋ honye Pron.prep from, by hunt {liha} him/her teliu M,H,L) tollu v.i climb down, tere hosie D) ta ho icieja Ŋ) ta jump {lita} ho isieja L) tiŋ hose Pron.prep from, by them temenai H,L) tomianai v.t teremai D) terema H) toriamai dispise, disdain {menai} L) toriama v.t forbid {remai} temitai D) temita H) tomitai L) tereŋeluti (inna, hunna) H) tomite v.t spit {mita} tereŋeli n kidney tereŋelu -ti/ ( succeed, be right) tena teten teriŋai D) teriŋa MH) toriŋai L) H,L) tiana v.inf success toriŋe v.t see, watch {riŋa} tenyimu D) tonyimu v.t choose, terioho M,H,L) torioho v.i be pick {nyimo} dark {rioho} tenyin L) tonyin v.i wink tero (teterok prepare, make {nyina} ready) H,L) tioro v.inf tere hatai D) ta ho itei Ŋ) ta ho preparation itai L) tiŋ hatai Pron.prep from, by you (pl) terrem 50 terrem [tɛɔ́rrɛɛ̀m] D) torrom M) teyoi D) teyo M,H) toyoi L) toyie torriem H,L) torrem v.t spear v.t cry {yio} something {hirrem} ti- {t-} v causative verb prefix D) tecehu M,H) tosiehu tesiehu (inna) H,L) ttim n L) itufu v.t 1) search, look 2) tim [tìm] grass, bush, wilderness timo /-o find out siaha Ŋ) —- M) timotin H,L) ttimotin tesieru D) teceru L) tosieru v.t tir adv dark belch, burp {serita} to [tɔɛ̀] {te/ta} prep by, with, teten H,L) toten v.t succeed, be from, above (before o, u, w) right {tena} to- {ta-/te-} D) to-, te- M,H) to-, ta- L) to- v command singular M) totiorok v.t prepare, teterok verb prefix make ready {tero} tobok (inna) [tɔɔ́bɔɔ́k/tɔɛ̀bɔɛ̀hà] n tetigiema v.t distrub bowl toboha /-a Ŋ) toboho M,H) tobwaha {haitigemani} tobot D) toboto v.i 1) proceed, go tetik H,L) totik v.t bang, hit, push straight {boto} 2) continue once {hitik} tobotoŋa Ŋ) tobotoŋo H) —- L) tetir D) tetiro H,L) totir v.t lean tanyalama v.i be kind botoŋi against, touch {hitir} tobotu v.i come directly teyef M,H) tabak H,L) toyef v.t 1) D) todulo v.t continue lash, whip, beat {yefa} 2) chop todule (with axe) {duloro} teyiet M,H,L) toyiet v.t pull todumu v.t take, collect {duma} {yieta} todwai L) todwe v.i be quiet teyo M,H) toyo v.i die {yei} 51 tosul tofoŋio v.t be satisfied with num eleven H) tomon ha nabotie {foŋi} tomosotai D) tomocotai L) (inna) n canoe togolo -i/-o togoli tomugute v.i be sad D) togolicen Ŋ) togolisen {mosota} L) imumunu v.t togolo 1) v.i be strong 2) be tomumun corrupt difficult {golon} {igoliti} {mumuna} D) tumuno M,H) togor D) tigor v.t hang, strangle, tomunoi tomunei L) tomune v.i be happy, choke {goro2} love {munoi} toho (totohoi kill) v.inf killing tonok v.i be hot (inna, ille) M) tohoni [hùwɔɛ̀] D) toŋofo L) toŋofe v.t tihoni H,L) tuŋani n person toŋofoi hiyo Ŋ,M) huwo hide from {ŋofo} tohony [tɔɔ́hɔɛ̀ɲ] v.t bite, eat tora (totor tie, bundle) H) tara {honya} L) tora v.inf bundle D) toromo v.t dig, tojoo D) tijo v.t say, speak toromoi cultivate {hijo} {romo} {romote} D) torruma tolwak v.t help {lwaha} torrumai [tɔɔ́rːùmàⁱ] M,H,L) torrumu v.t find, get, tome (inna, ille) [tɔɔ́mɛɔ́/tɔɛ̀mⁱâ] n obtain elephant tomia /-a torrumu D) torruma v.t find, get num ten tomona /-a tomon {ruma} D) tomon ho tomon ha arik torwo v.i be selfish {run} arik num twelve tosul D) tojul v.t push {sula} tomon ha naboite D) tomon ho naboitoi L) tomon ha abote

totohoi 52 totohoi D) titohoi L) totohe v.t towuny D) towunya v.i blow kill {toho} nose (inna) n.sg totor M,H) tatara L) totor v.t tie, tuduha Bw (Arabic) dust bundle {tora} tuluhu (inna, ille) n squirrel towalai D) towala L) tawale v.i tuluhusien /-sien D) tuluhucen cough {lowali} {wala} tuŋ D,Ŋ) liŋ adv all v.i 1) there is, exists towana tureni (inna, hunna) D) tureni Ŋ) {wana} 2) have turenya M,H) turiana L) toriana n flower turena -i/-a v.t see towolo {wolo2} Ŋ) —- M,H) —- L) hitoreniti D) toŋonyei M,H) towonyai tureti (inna, ille, hunna, hullo) tohunyai L) itoŋe v.i stay D) turet L) turoti n twin turet {wonyara} -i/ D) tureta L) turot towud D) towuda H,L) tohud v.t tutunyo (inna) n heel, sole tutunyon /-n blow (with mouth) {wuda} tutur (inna) [tútùr/tútúrì] n forest, woods tuturi /-i

U

-uta L) -ita v habitual/continuous verb suffix (after u) 53 yamita

W

wahan (tawaha want, desire) wolo2 (towolo see) L) hiwolo v.inf desire v.inf seeing wala (towalai cough) H,L) wonyara (towonyai stay) H,L) walai v.inf cough hahunye v.inf staying wana (towana 1 there is, exists) woŋ D) yoŋ v.i come v.inf existence wor (inna) [wɔɔ́r] n stream, river waran (inna) n.sg life woni /-ni H,L) woro woiti (inna, hunna) D) woyoti wotti (inna) [wɔɔ́tːì] n.sg cow H,L) weiti n buttock woi -ti/ D) dung woyono H) wei wuda (towud blow (with wok (inna) [wɔɛ̀k/wɔɔ́ɣìn] L) diel mouth)) H,L) huda v.inf n valley, long steep slope blowing (with mouth) separating land of two different num three levels wohin D) wohi L) diala wunik wuor (inna) [wᵘɔɛ̀r/wᵘɔɔ́rì] n hole wolo1 (inna, ille) [wɔɛ̀lɔɔ/wɔɛ̀lɔɛ̀ɟín] n dove wolojin /-jin D) woloco for trapping wuori /-i M) wolojit H,L) wolojin wuru (ille, hullo) H,L) huro n penis wutta -u/-ta H,L) hutta

Y yafa (inna) [yàfà/yáfáɟìn] D) hafajin afa L) hafa n moon, month yamita (tayam yawn, open yafajin /-jin D) afajin L) mouth) v.inf.cont yawning yani 54

D) yeita M,H,L) iyeti yani1 (inna) [yànì/yání] n 1) tree (general) 2) medicine yanii yejan (inna) n.sg swelling tone/tone yieta (teyiet pull) v.inf pulling yani2 M) iyani L) yeni v.t bring yio (inna) (teyoi cry) Ŋ,M,H,L) yefa (teyef 1 lash, whip, beat) H, yoo v.inf cry L) yafa v.inf 1) lashing 2) chopping yoni (inna, ille) n hide, dried skin yonio /-o yei (inna) [yɛɔⁱ/ìyɛɔ́ⁱtì] (teyo die) M,H,L) yee n death iyeiti /i--ti