Index

A Antimicrobial cationic peptides (AMPs), 243 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 63 Antioxidants, 129, 148, 189, 199, 205, 218, 361 Agricultural drains, 39 Aphelenchoides besseyi, 136 Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Aphis sp. Institute (AGERI), 213, 219–226, A. craccivora,92 356, 361 A. gossypii, 110, 111 Agricultural intensification, 83, 102, 196 Applicability, 3 Agriculture, 3, 57, 138, 304 Aquaponics, 193 development, 8 Arsenic, 67, 166 modernization, 13 Azotobacter sp., 88 precision (PA), 257, 260–264, 286, 307 rainfed, 299, 317 sustainable, 3, 6, 81, 182, 190, 219, 255, B 274, 296 Bacillus spp., 88, 151 Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated B. subtilis, 69, 150 transformation, 221 B. thuringiensis (Bt), 216 Agroclimatic zones, 304 Bactericides, 66 Agro-diversity, 201 Bacteriocins, 232–234, 241, 242 Agroecological zones (AEZs), 305 Bacteriolysins, 241 Agroforestry, 193, 198 Barley, 84, 268 Agrotis ipsilon, 111 Berseem, 88, 95, 96 Alfalfa, 89–91, 97, 217 Bioavailability, 60, 67, 70, 182, 354 Alkaline phosphatase, 89 Biochar, 57 Alum, 163 Biocoagulants, 165 Aluminum sulfate, 163 Bio-preservation, 231, 241 Amaranth, 199 Bioremediation, 57, 69 Ammonia, 14, 97 Biosafety, 213, 224, 365 , 94 Black (Nigella sativa), 204, 205 Annatto, 236 Black cutworm, 111 Antibacterial agents, 147, 154, 242, 355 Brassica napus, 109, 204 Antibiotics, 14, 150, 157, 239–244 Brevibacillus spp., 69 Antifungal agents, 147, 151, 243 Brochothrix thermosphacta, 234

A. M. Negm and M. Abu-hashim (eds.), Sustainability of Agricultural Environment 371 in Egypt: Part I - Soil-Water-Food Nexus, Hdb Env Chem (2019) 76: 371–378, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95345-8, © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 372 Index

Buffalo, 237 leafworm, 223 Butter milk, 235 Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), 84, 88, 92–96, 105, 244, 360, 364 Crops C drought-resistant, 196 Cadmium, 47, 67, 162, 164, 166, 303, 361 minor, 189, 199 Canavalia ensiformis,95 neglected, 189 Canola, 93, 108, 109, 215, 217, 223 productivity, 40, 52, 81, 213, 215, 220, 352, Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana), 204 354, 359 Carotenoids, 200 rotation, 82, 87, 108–110 Cash crops, 86, 91, 97, 199 sustainable production, 189 Castor, 86 Cry genes (Bt genes), 216 Cephalosporins, 239 Cucumbers, 112, 214, 221, 233 Cereals, 9, 11, 16, 37, 83, 91, 97, 102, 108, 110, Cucurbits, 215, 221 191, 198–206, 233, 354, 360, 365 Cumin, 94 , 148, 231–246, 361, 365 Cystibiotics, 241 Chicken, 234 Chickpeas, 84, 85, 107, 114 Chilo agamemnon, 135, 137, 222 D Chitinase, 217 Dairy products, 231–246, 361 Chlorophyll, 88, 169, 177, 178 Data fusion, 255, 266 Chromium, 163, 181 Decision support system (DSS), 281 Climate change, 15, 37, 91, 128, 140, 191, 218, Deficit irrigation (DI), 35–53, 298, 353, 363 275, 297, 318, 321, 344 Desertification, 38, 278, 303 Clostridium tyrobutyricum, 242 Digital elevation model (DEM), 325 Clover, 95, 110, 223 Diseases, 13 Cobalt, 67 Alzheimer’s, 163 Coccinella undecimpunctata,92 foodborne, 235, 239 Cold chain, 234, 235 fungal, 217 Competition ratio, 101 human, 26, 242 β-Conglycinin, 147, 149 plants, 7, 81, 93, 191, 217, 220, 268, 354, Conservation, 5, 22, 52, 191, 232, 242, 274, 366 321, 356 resistance, 16, 214, 215, 217 Contamination, 5 rice, 121, 136, 360 food, 14 risk management, 298 heavy metals, 26, 46–48, 58, 67, 68, 162– Diversification, 197 181, 303, 352, 361 Drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera), 164 microbial, 58, 233, 238 Drylands, 14 milk, 150, 156, 233, 238, 360 soil, 12, 64, 68, 304 water, 14, 46, 82, 97, 165 E Copper, 67, 163, 181 Earias insulana (spiny bollworm) 110 (Coriandrum sativum), 92, 93, 204 Earthworms, 61–65, 68 Corn/maize, 15, 83–98, 102–116, 189, 214, Eastern desert, 38, 194, 274, 301, 302 217, 222, 307, 354, 356, 360, 364 Egyptian clover, 95, 110, 223 borers, 222 Egyptian cotton leafworm, 223 Cotton, 15, 109–111, 116, 120, 138, 198, 214– Eisenia fetida,61 224, 307, 356, 360, 364 El-Alamein, 317, 322, 324, 357, 363 bollworms, 222 El-Dabaa, 322–327, 333, 342, 344 Index 373

Electromagnetic induction (EMI), 267 F. moniliforme, 136 El-Ettihadi, 123 F. oxysporum, 244 El-Fahl, 122 F. solani, 244 El-Phino, 123 Fuzziness, 281 El-Rasheedy, 123 El-Sabeeni, 123 El-Sharkiya, 287, 290 G El-Sheikh, Kafr, 291 Garlic, 88, 94 El-Yabani, 123 Gellbana, 41 Elymus sibiricus (Siberian wild rye), 89–91, 97 Geminivirus, 222 Enterococcus spp., 238 Gene gun, 216 E. faecalis, 239 Genetically modified (GM) crops, 196 E. faecium, 239 Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), 213, Enterotoxins, 216, 238 217, 225, 226 Environmental resources, 81 Geo-informatics (GIS), 295 Environmental stress, 275 Geological formation, 323 Escherichia coli, 150, 234, 238–242 Geostatistics, 255 O157:H7, 234 Glycinin, 147, 149 Esterification, 152 basic peptide (GBP), 150 Evapotranspiration, 40 Golden rice, 218 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), 166 Grains, 82 Grasshoppers, 137 Gray water, 39 F Grazing land, 276 Faba beans (Vicia faba), 41, 85 Green manuring, 5 False smut, 136 Green Revolution, 13 Fenugreek, 92, 93, 95 Green water, 39 Fermentation, 231–246, 356, 361 Greenhouse gases (GHGs), 82 Ferrous sulfate, 163 Groundwater, 194 Fertilizers, 7, 13–15, 39, 83, 86, 94, 111, 115, non-renewable, 38 120, 190, 206, 261, 307, 360, 365 Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, 111 Flavonoids, 199 Flocculants, 163–165, 356 Food, 57 H fermented, 231 Health, 57 gap, 82, 101, 182, 354, 364 Heavy metals, 26, 46–48, 58, 67, 68, 162–181, industries, 12 303, 352, 361 insecurity, 11, 195, 308 moringa seed extract, 174 quality, 163, 226 Helminthosporium oryzae, 136 security, 26, 37, 120, 182, 189, 310, 356, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), maize, 360, 362 222 Forage, 11 Herbicides, 13, 66, 134, 141, 196, 215, 217 legume (berseem), 88, 364 broad-spectrum, 217 Formaldehyde, 234 tolerance, 217 Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Land Herbs extract, bioactive molecules, 245 Management (FESLM), 274 Histamine, 240 Fungi, 69, 85, 93, 109, 136, 217, 234, 360, 364 Hydrellia prosternalis, 135 Fungicides, 66, 147, 156, 308, 364 Hydrocarbons, biodegradation, 69 Fusarium sp. Hydrogen peroxide, 234 374 Index

Hydrological balance, 39 equivalent ratio (LER), 97, 101 Hydrological response units (HRUs), 317, 318, rehabilitation, 5 331, 363, 366 Lantibiotics, 241 Hydrology, 317 Lead (Pb), 67, 69, 163, 181 Hyperarid conditions, 194, 356 Leafhoppers, 137 Legumes bioactive proteins/peptides, 243 I crops, 82 Indole acetic acid (IAA), 87 Lentils, 94, 112, 114 Insecticides, 135, 216, 224 Leuconostoc dextranicum, 239 Insects, 97, 135 Lincosamides, 239 repellents, 66 Lipid transfer protein, 244 resistance, 216 Listeria monocytogenes, 150, 155, 234 Intensification, 192 Livestock Intercropping systems/patterns, 81, 101 production, 191 Invertase, 89 wastes, 14 Ipomoea aquatica,85 Lupins, 84, 95 Irin, 88 Iron, 163, 181 Irrigation, 16 M canals, 38, 39 Magnesium, 88 management, 35, 295, 308 adsorption ratio (MAR), 167 precision, 295, 306 Maize/corn, 15, 83–98, 102–116, 189, 214, sustainable, 196 217, 222, 307, 354, 356, 360, 364 Bt transgenic, 215, 216, 222, 224 cultivars, 88 K Management zones, site-specific, 261 Kale (Brassica oleracea), 201 Manganese, 88, 163, 181 Karish, 232, 235 Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD), , 237 223 Kelly ratio (KR), 167 Marketing, 11 Kishk, 234, 237 Matheron’s regionalized variable theory, 256 Kriging, 259 Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS), 303 Melons, 214, 215, 221, 224, 356 L Mercury (Hg), 67, 163, 181 Laban matrad, 235 Metal anxiety, 68 Laban Rayeb, 235 Metal lethality, 68 Laban zabady (yogurt), 237 Methane, 14, 300 Laban zeer, 234, 236 Migration coefficients, 101 Lablab, 105 Milk, 92, 147–156, 231–246, 355, 360, 361, Labneh, 232 365 Lactic acid bacteria, 233 fermented, 231 Lactobacillus spp., 240 Millet, 85, 94, 195, 199 Lactobacillus plantarum, 242 Misconceptions, 6 Lactococcus lactis, 242 , 232, 236 Lactuca sativa, 162, 166, 167 Mismanagement, 11 Land Mole cricket, 111, 137 arable, 38 Molluscicides, 66 degradation, 275 Momordica cochinchinensis,95 Index 375

Moringa oleifera, 161 antimicrobial, 244 seed extract, 162 bioactive, 241 Mung bean, 106 Permaculture, 193 Mustard, 88 Permeability index (PI), 167 Mycobacterium bovis, 238, 240, 242 Pesticides, 7, 13, 39, 62–67, 91, 190, 195, 206, 261, 274–279, 320 Pests, 5, 102, 197, 257, 359, 364 N control, 81, 165, 193 Napier grass, 91 management, 5, 22, 91, 219, 305 Nematicides, 66 resistance, 214–216 Nematodes, 63, 136 Phaseolus vulgaris, 103 Nezara viridula, 137 Phenolics, 199 Nickel, 67, 181 Phosphorus, 12, 46, 63, 85–94, 141, 169, 263, Nicotiana protein kinase (NPK1), 222 275, 319 Nile Phthorimaea operculella, 221 Damietta branch, 36, 39, 47 Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), delta region, 194 111, 222 Nitrates, 14, 46, 82, 85, 97, 319, 364 Planning, modern technologies, 12 Nitrogen, fixation, 7, 16, 82, 85–91, 115, 354, Plant biotechnology, 213 360 Plant growth, 40, 88, 140, 167, 179, 218, 284, Nitrosomonas,91 354 Nitrospira,91 rates, 41 Nitrous oxide, 14 Planthoppers, 137 Northern coastal area, 194 Policies, 7, 25, 164, 202, 274, 290, 318, 359 North Sinai, 35, 40–42, 52, 286 Polyaluminum chloride (PAC), 163 NPK, uptake, 177 Population, 37, 91, 97, 215, 218, 297 Nutrients, conservation, 5, 22 density, 105 Nutrition, enhanced, 217 global, 16, 120, 190, 296, 356, 362 Nysius ericae, 137 growth/increase, 9, 36, 82, 84, 102, 139, 182, 201, 273, 318, 354 rural, 163, 355 O Potassium, 46, 48, 88, 267 Oats (Avena sativa), 204 Potassium sulfate, 42, 169 Onions, 92–94, 96, 112, 114, 116, 179, 364 Potato tuber moth (PTM), 221 Orobanche crenata,95 Potatoes, 114, 198, 214–220, 224, 356, 364 Oryza sativa, 120 Potential salinity (PS), 167 Ostrinia nubilalis, 222 Poultry, 13, 15, 83 Over-irrigation, 196 Poverty, 15, 28, 192, 195, 296, 308 Ozone, 14 Precision agriculture (PA), 257, 260–264, 286, 307 Precision irrigation, 295, 306–310 P Predators, management, 5 Papayas, 217 Prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica), 204 Pathogens, 191 Productivity, 82 Peanuts, 85, 88, 204 Propionibacterium shermanii, 234 Pearl millet, 199 Propionic acid bacteria, 233 Peas, 85, 86, 89 Proteins Penicillin, 239 bioactive, 241 Penicillium digitatum, 147, 151 modified, 147 Pepper, 236 Prunus laurocerasus, 246 Peptides Pseudomonas spp., 234 376 Index

Pseudomonas spp. (cont.) Salmonella spp., 234, 238 P. fluorescens, 239 S. enterica, 150, 155 P. putida,69 S. enteritidis, 150, 155, 355 Pumps/pumping, 38, 39 Sclerocarya birrea, 166 Push-pull systems, 92 Sclerotium oryzae (Helminthosporium Pyophilla casei, 236 sigmodium), 136 Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe grisea), 136 Seepage, 58, 65, 323 Semiarid catchment, 317 Semivariograms, 258 Q Sesame, 111–114, 204 Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS), 241 Sesamia cretica, 222 Sewage, 13, 162–181 Shelf-life extenders, 234 R Siberian wild rye (Elymus sibiricus), 89–91, 97 Rainfall, 14, 317 Sinai, 36, 194, 274, 286, 301 Rainwater catchments, 193, 196 Skim milk, 234, 235, 238 Rapeseed (Brassica napus), 204 Sludge, 68, 165 Ras, 232, 237 Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), 166 Rationing, policy, 11 Sodium-to-calcium activity ratio (SCAR), 167 Rayeb, 232 Soils, 57, 317 Reclaimed desert areas, 194 classification, 59 Recycling, water, 39 definition, 58 Relative crowding coefficient, 101 ecotoxicology, 64 Remote sensing (RS), 16, 262, 273, 295–305, erosion, 101, 276, 319, 358 329, 352, 362 formation, 59 Residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), 167 horizons, 58 Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), 167 nutrients, 35, 41, 48, 305 Return income, 101 poisonous quality tests, 61 Rhizobium, 67, 82, 86, 91, 115 profiles, 58, 65, 298, 331 Rhizolax, 147, 151 proximal sensing, 255 Rice, 15, 119 salinity, 35, 41, 48, 50, 52, 196, 359 drill-seeded, 142 sensing, proximal, 264 irrigation water stress, 139 toxicity, 60, 353 pests, 134 water, 39, 84, 310, 331, 354, 363 stem borer, 135 Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), 317– weeds, 134 344, 358, 363, 366 Rodenticides, 66 Soil water-holding capacity (SWHC), 39 Rooftop farms, 193 Soil–water–food nexus, 351 Rumi , 237 Solid waste disposal, 68 Ruminants, 15 Soluble sodium percentage (SSP), 166 Runoff, 317, 330, 337 Sorghum, 94, 198 Rural areas, 194 Sour milk, 235 Soybeans, 83, 84, 147 protein esters, 152 S protein isolates (SPIs), 148 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 244 Spatial dependency, 257, 259, 262 Safety, food, 40, 231, 232, 352, 356 Spatial distribution, 273, 329 Sahl El-Tina, 41 Spodoptera littoralis, 223 Salinity, 14, 36, 41–53, 120–142, 167, 190, Squash, 214, 215, 356 215, 223, 273, 285, 323, 359–363 Staphylococcus aureus, 238 Index 377

Stem borers, 91, 92, 98 Urease, 89 Stinkbugs, 137 Ustilaginoidea virens, 136 Strawberries, 215, 223, 356 Stress tolerance, abiotic, 218 Striga,91 V Subbasin discretization, 342 Varietal improvement, 119 Sugar, 11, 83, 218, 233, 366 Vicia faba, 36, 41, 42, 85 Sugar beet, 88, 112, 217, 360 Vigna unguiculata, 244 Sugarcane, 88, 111–116, 219, 360, 364 Virtual water, 39 Sulfur, 63, 64, 86 Vis-NIR sensors, on-line, 265 Sunflowers, 95, 109–113 Vitamins, 129, 199, 205, 218, 231, 246, 361 Sungai baluk, 165 A, 218 Surface rainfall–runoff relationships, 330 Surface runoff, 46, 276, 337, 343, 358 Sustainability, 3, 16, 81, 189, 276, 351 W Sustainable agricultural special model (SASM), Waste, 26, 232 289 disposal, 68, 194 Sustainable agriculture (SA), 81–83, 88, 90, 95, dump sites, 165 98, 182, 190–196 human, 46, 162 Sustainable crop production (SCP) 195, 197, industrial, 174 354 livestock, 14 Sustainable cultivation, 119, 354 recycling, 21 Sustainable development (SD), 192–195, 275 Wastewater, 39, 161–182, 303 Sustainable indicators, 273–291 domestic, 303 Sustainable land management (SLM), 274–291, drainage, 52, 358 359, 366 irrigation, 68, 179, 181 Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), reused, 39, 194, 195 221 treatment, 39, 161–166, 183, 194, 297, 355, 360 Moringa oleifera, 164 T Water Termiticides, 66 conservation, 5, 21, 52, 196, 308, 359, 363 Thrips, 137 management, 5, 8, 40, 183, 194, 296, 305, Thrips tabaci, 110, 111 309, 318, 353, 362 Tobacco, 217 percolation, 38 yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), 222 quality, 65, 162, 171, 275, 298, 319, 355, Tomatoes, 90, 112, 214, 220, 222, 356 361 Toxicology, 57 recycling, 39, 183, 365 Toxins, soil, 64, 68, 70 resources, 11, 27, 38, 139, 182, 295–301, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), 308–310, 353, 357–366 317, 329 scarcity/deficiency, 12, 27, 36, 37, 274, 275, Tuberculosis, 236 308, 353 Turbidity, moringa seed extract, 174 stress, 35, 48, 121, 139, 355 use efficiency (WUE), 35, 36, 39, 51, 183, 191, 305 U virtual, 39 Underutilized plant species (UPSs), 191 Water convolvulus (Ipomoea aquatica), 85 Urbanization, 37 Waterlogging, 14, 41, 301 Urban sprawl, 273 Watershed modeling, 317, 332 378 Index

Weeds, control, 7, 13, 91, 94–97, 102, 107, 109, Y 134, 217, 219 Yersinia spp., 234 Wells, 38 Yields, 14 Western desert, 194, 274, 301 models, 35, 50 Wheat, 13, 15, 37, 82, 85, 189, 197–201, 216, Yogurt, 232, 237 223, 233, 237, 296, 304, 354, 356, 364 durum, 263, 300 Z gluten, 243 Zabady, 234, 237 Whiteflies, 92, 223 Zinc, 46–52, 67, 162, 163, 166, 174–181, 361 Wildlife, 14 Zinc sulfate, 142 Women, disadvantaging, 14 Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), 221