DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis of Wisnu 99 1214

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis of Wisnu 99 1214 DISCUSSING WESTERN NORMS AND VALUES FROM THOSE OF EASTERN ONES AS REFLECTED IN THE LIFE OF HOLDEN CAULFIELD, THE MAIN CHARACTER OF J.D. SALINGER’S THE CATCHER IN THE RYE A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement To Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Education By: Name : FX Wisnu Prabawa St. Number : 99 1214 139 ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY JOGJAKARTA 2008 The More We Live - Let Go a song by YES You and I can change the world; The more we live, the more we learn, the more we know. From this moment on we share the world; The more we give, the more we love, the more we grow. The spirit of imagination can lead us through the dark; The more we see, the more we try, the more we show. The evidence of our confusion, life has left its mark; The more we fear, the more we lie, the more we hide. As we walk into tomorrow (turning away from the path we know) Holding the future with our hands (we carry the weight of the world we go) Its up to you and I, we hold the key; we hold the answers. All our thoughts of doubt and fear are leaving one by one The more we live, the more we learn, the more we know. For each of us the road is clear and life has just begun; The more we give, the more we love, the more we grow. Its time to reach the goals we've set for ourselves; The more we fear, the more we lie, the more we hide. All we need is just to believe in ourselves; We face the truth; we see it clear, with no disguise. Cast away our doubt and sorrow (turning away from the past we know) The universe at our command (conserving the fate of the world we grow) Together you and I, we hold the key to all the answers. Let go...Let go…Let go…Let go…Let go iv What things so ever ye desire, when ye pray believe that ye receive them, and ye shall have them. (Mark 11:24) Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are honest, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. (Philippians 4:8) But he who, with strong body serving mind, Gives up his power to worthy work, Not seeking gain, Arjuna! Such an one Is honourable. Do thine alloted task! (The Bhagavad Gita) With love and prayer, I dedicate this thesis to You v LEMBAR PERYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : FX. Wisnu Prabawa Nomor Mahasiswa : 99 1214 139 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: DISCUSSING WESTERN NORMS AND VALUES FROM THOSE OF EASTERN ONES AS REFLECTED IN THE LIFE OF HOLDEN CAULFIELD, THE MAIN CHARACTER OF J.D. SALINGER’S THE CATCHER IN THE RYE beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal : 21 April 2008 Yang menyatakan (FX Wisnu Prabawa) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to The Light Without Heat and The Son, for sending me His Loving Spirit so that I have flourishing energy to accomplish my thesis. It is because of His grace so that I may see His countenance of Love through the countenances of beautiful, kind, and inspiring people around me. Actually, it brings delights during my thesis completion. Then, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my major sponsor, Dr. A. Herujiyanto, M. A., Ph. D., and my co-sponsor Ag. Hardi Prasetyo, S. Pd., M. A. for their willingness to spend their energy, time, feelings, and ideas to read and correct my thesis. I am so grateful for their support, patience, advices, and love so that not only accomplishment of my thesis I may get but also more fruits of life I may taste. I would like to thank all PBI lecturers for their roles in improving vast aspects of my life. They have shared with me a lot of their life so that I can feel assured about handling the incoming tasks in the future. I feel need to send my thanks to the staff of PBI Secretariat who have help me patiently and attentively in dealing with administration affairs and to the librarians in Sanata Dharma University for their smile and support during the exhausting nights in the library. I would like to send my love and gratitude to my beloved Bapak and Ibu, for giving me their limitless love, sincere prayers, and freedom in life. And, trying to be vii honest, I also thank them for the financial support given. I also need to send my gratitude to my sister, specifically for her attention and strengthening complaints. A must-person I need to address my gratitude to is Hadi Darmawi. My deep thanks and respect go for him since I always get immediate supports and attention at the very critical moments. Gladly, I also express my gratitude to all of my PBI friends, especially Daniel, Thomas, Guntur, Sutopo Martinus, Lola, Vian, Martha, Anas, Nunuk, and Hening. I do appreciate for having special kind of love and warm friendship from some guys. They are R. In Nugroho, G. Heliarko, A. Setyawan, T.B. Gandhi, John Nugroho, Abertus Nugroho, and A. Herwanto. Special thanks also go to some people who have enriched my life; Priyo Jatmiko, Bertus, Sahat, Stevanie, Maria Eva, Vincent, Mas Aprie, Katarina Restu Ning Tyas, Anastasia Ratna, Margaretha Indriani, Mathilda Eivalig, Stella Vania, Ajeng, Mas Yuli, Pak Tarmuji, Pantoro’s family and Legowo’s family. Last but not least, I would thank You and everybody. May You be blessed with everything Your heart desires. FX. Wisnu Prabawa viii TABLE OF CONTENT Page TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………….i PAGE OF APPROVAL……………………………………………………………....ii PAGE OF BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………………………………………...iii PAGE OF DEDICATION……………………………………………………………iv STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY……………………………………….vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………vii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….ix ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………....xii ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………………...xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………………………….1 1.2 Aim of the Study…………………………..………………………………………4 1.3 Problem Formulation……………………………………..……………………….4 1.4 Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………….5 1.5 Benefit of the Study……………………………………………………………….6 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1. Theoretical Review………………………….……………………………………7 2.1.1. Theory of Character and Characterization.……………..………………………7 2.1.2. Theory of Characterization……………..………………………………………9 2.1.3. Theory of Psychoanalysis……..………………………………………………10 2.1.3.1. The Conscious and The Unconscious………………….……………………11 2.1.3.2. The Id, The Ego, and The Superego…………………………..…..……….11 2.1.3.3. The Life Instinct and the Death Instinct…….…………...………………….14 2.1.3.4. The Ego Defense Mechanisms………………………...……………...……15 ix 2.1.4. The Theory of American Norms and Values………..………………….…….21 2.1.5. The Theory of Post-Colonialism……………………………………………..23 2.1.6. The Theory of Katresnanism………………...……………………………….25 2.1.6.1. The Origin and the Nature of Theory of Katresnanism…….………………25 2.1.6.2. The Development of the Theory of Katresnanism…………….……………27 2.1.6.3. The Principles of the Theory of Katresnanism…………………......………28 2.1.6.4. The Focus and Goal of the Theory of Katresnanism…………….….…….. 30 2.2. Criticism …………………………………..………………………..…………. 31 2.3. Context of the Novel…………………………………………………..………. 33 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Subject Matter…………………………….……..……………………………….36 3.2 Approaches……….…………………….…..……………………………………37 3.3 Procedures………………………..….………………………………………….. 38 3.4 Sources…………………………..……………………………………………… 39 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS 4.1 Holden’s Personality.………………….…...…………………………………… 41 4.2. Psyche of Holden Personality………..….…...………………………………… 45 4.2.1. The Id…………….……………….………………………………………...…45 4.2.2. The Ego………….……………….…………………………………………...47 4.2.3. The Superego…………………………………………………………………49 4.2.4. The Ego Defense Mechanism of Holden………..……………………...……53 4.3. Exercise of Western Norms and Values in Holden’s Life..……….……………55 4.4. Exercise of the Eastern Norms and Values in Holden’s Life…..………………58 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conlusion………………………………………………………………………..62 5.2. Suggestion ………………………………………………………………………63 x 5.2.1. Suggestion for the Future Researchers.……………………………………….63 5.2.2. Suggestion for Teaching and Learning Activities…………………………….64 a. Implementation of Teaching vocabulary using chapter 12 of The Catcher in The Rye for the 3rd year Senior High School Students………………………………………………………..................64 b. Implementation of teaching Speaking IV using a situational conflict faced by Holden Caulfield found in The Catcher in The Rye for the Fourth Semester Students of English Language Study Program……………………….…. 65 BIBLIOGRPHY………………………………………………………….….…..... 67 APPENDICES: Appendix 1: Synopsis of The Catcher In The Rye………………………….……….68 Appendix 2: Biography of J.D. Salinger………………………….…………………81 Appendix 3: Katresnan Criticism: The Nature and Who Does It…………….……..82 Appendix 4: The Implementation of Teaching vocabulary using chapter 12 of The Catcher in The Rye for the 3rd year of Senior High School Students………………………………………………………………...96 Appendix 5: The Implementation of teaching Speaking IV using a situational conflict faced by Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in The Rye for the Fourth Semester Students of English Language Study Program……………………………………………………………...…99 xi ABSTRACT FX. Wisnu Prabawa (2008). Discussing Western Norms And Values From Those Of Eastern Ones As Reflected In The Life Of Holden Caulfield; The Main Character Of J.D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Symbolism in the Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger
    JIHOČESKÁ UNIVERZITA V ČESKÝCH BUDĚJOVICÍCH FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV ANGLISTIKY BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE SYMBOLISM IN THE CATCHER IN THE RYE BY J.D. SALINGER Vedoucí práce: Richard Stock, Ph.D. Autor práce: Jana Šojdelová Studijní obor: Bohemistika – Anglistika Ročník: 2. 2014 Prohlašuji, že svoji bakalářskou práci jsem vypracovala samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své bakalářské práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zveřejněny posudky školitele a oponentů práce i záznam o průběhu a výsledku obhajoby kvalifikační práce. Rovněž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé kvalifikační práce s databází kvalifikačních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiátů. České Budějovice, 1. 5. 2014 …………………………… Acknowledgements I would like to sincerely thank my supervisor Richard Stock, Ph.D. for his valuable suggestions, insight and help. I am grateful for the constant support from my family and friends, and their willingness to listen to my endless “catcher” talk. Finally, my thanks also belong to J.D. Salinger and Holden, for making me feel understood and not alone. Anotace Nejpodstatnějším motivem románu J. D. Salingera, Kdo chytá v žitě, je všudypřítomný boj hlavního hrdiny Holdena Caulfielda s dospíváním, který ho nakonec po neúspěšném hledání svého místa ve společnosti dožene k nervovému zhroucení.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 167 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, APRIL 22, 2021 No. 70 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY One important message is to the called to order by the President pro LEADER Asian-American community. By pass- tempore (Mr. LEAHY). The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- ing this bill, we say to the Asian-Amer- jority leader is recognized. ican community that their government f is paying attention to them, has heard f their concerns, and will respond to pro- PRAYER COVID–19 HATE CRIMES ACT tect them; and, second, by passing this The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, bill, we will send a message to the fered the following prayer: after nearly 2 weeks of Democrats and country that should be all too obvious Let us pray. Republicans working together, the by now. Hate crimes will not be toler- Eternal God, nature speaks of Your Senate is going to take a final vote on ated, and Federal law enforcement will glory. With every sunrise and sunset, the anti-Asian hate crimes bill later do everything in its power to detect, we are reminded of Your power and this morning. The vote today on the deter, and, if necessary, prosecute majesty. anti-Asian hate crimes bill is proof crimes to the full extent of the law. Lord, we think of You when we watch that when the Senate is given the op- So this bill has a one-two punch, to the birds You guide through the bound- portunity to work, the Senate can assure the Asian-American community less skies with flawless flight.
    [Show full text]
  • New York Book Key 14–17 Open Answers Easystarts 1 a Financial 18 a the St
    LEVEL 3 Answer keys Teacher Support Programme New York Book key 14–17 Open answers EASYSTARTS 1 a financial 18 a the St. Patrick’s Day parade b department store b Neil Armstrong c immigrants c Guardian Angels d skyscrapers d F.A.O. Schwartz LEVEL 2 e museum e The Four Seasons 2 Open answers f The Guggenheim Museum g The Producers LEVEL 3 3 They are very proud of their city. 4 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 1 e 3 f 1 g 2 h 1 h Greenwich Village 5 a You can cross one of the bridges; you can drive 19 b The “Guardian Angels” make the subway safer. under the river; you can take a ferry. d The Met has more Egyptian art than any other LEVEL 4 b People don’t want the streets of the city to be too museum except the museum in Cairo. dark. e The Tavern on the Green restaurant is in Central c They had two towers of light in the place of the Park. LEVEL 5 World Trade Center buildings. 20–21 Open answers 6 Open answers 22 a Jennifer Lopez 7 a Native Americans / Algonquin Indians b rap music LEVEL 6 b France c Brooklyn c Officers there decided if new immigrants could d Martin Scorsese stay in the United States e NBC d 1 out of every 3 f California 8 a ✗ b ✓ c ✓ d ✗ e ✓ f ✗ g ✓ h ✗ g baseball i ✗ h Queens 9 a the island of Manhattan i 1945 b the Statue of Liberty j no country c Ellis Island 23–33 Open answers d SoHo Discussion activities key e Harlem 1 Possible list: 10 Open answers The Statue of Liberty, Broadway shows, New York 11 a “Tall Stories from the Big City” Marathon, September 11, Museums, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Health Impact of Transit Work
    The Health Impact of Urban Mass Transportation Work in New York City Steven Markowitz MD Center for the Biology of Natural Systems Queens College City University of New York Dave Newman, M.A., M.S. New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health Michael Frumin Robin Gillespie, M.A., M.P.H. Mount Sinai School of Medicine July 2005 This report was funded through a grant from the New York State Legislature through the New York State Department of Health to the Transport Workers Union Local 100, President Roger Toussaint. Table of Contents Chapters Page Executive Summary i Preface iii 1. Introduction Steven Markowitz 1 2. Illnesses and Injuries among Transit Workers 6 Steven Markowitz 3. Safety and Health Hazards in Urban Mass Transit 22 Dave Newman 4. Musculoskeletal Risk Factors and Disorders 58 Robin Gillespie 5. Transit Worker Data Sources 80 Michael Frumin 6. Current and Planned Transit Research 96 Steven Markowitz 7. Conclusion Steven Markowitz 112 Executive Summary The mass public transportation system in New York City is of critical importance and astonishing magnitude. The economy, the environment and the overall welfare of New York and its businesses and residents depend upon the subways and buses. These subways and buses carry over 7,000,000 passengers per day. To do so, New York City Transit operates nearly 6,500 subway cars, which travel 685 track miles, and 4,500 buses, which traverse over 2,000 route miles. In 2003, New York City Transit had an operating budget of $4.9 billion and employed 48,110 workers. These many workers are essential to the efficiency and safety of the public transit system, which, in turn, relies upon the safety and well-being of transit workers in the performance of their jobs.
    [Show full text]
  • Subway Diet Coke Take Me to Tuscany Program
    SUBWAY® Diet Coke® Take Me to Tuscany Program OFFICIAL RULES 1. Eligibility: The SUBWAY® Diet Coke® Take Me to Tuscany Program (the "Contest") is open only to legal residents of the 50 United States (or the District of Columbia) who are at least 18 years old at the time of entry, who did not purchase any equipment for purposes of entering the Contest, and who are members of Twitter. Membership to Twitter is free. Use of Twitter is subject to its applicable terms of use, terms of service and/or content policies. Employees and non-employee workers of The Coca-Cola Company, Coca-Cola bottlers, Wieden + Kennedy, Inc., Franchise World Headquarters, LLC, Doctor's Associates Inc., Subway Franchisee Advertising Fund Trust Ltd. (SFAFT), SUBWAY® Restaurants, Zócalo Group, ePrize, LLC, and each of their respective parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, franchisees, and agents, and any agencies or other companies involved in the development or execution of the Contest or production or distribution of Contest materials, as well as the immediate family (spouse, parents, siblings, and children) and household members of each such person are not eligible. The Contest is subject to all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations and is void where prohibited by law. 2. Sponsor: The Contest is sponsored by Coca-Cola North America, a division of The Coca-Cola Company, One Coca-Cola Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30313. Administrator: ePrize, LLC, One ePrize Drive, Pleasant Ridge, MI 48069. 3. Agreement to Official Rules: By participating in the Contest, entrant fully and unconditionally agrees to and accepts these Official Rules, including the decisions of the Sponsor and Administrator, which are final and binding in all matters related to the Contest.
    [Show full text]
  • “Not That There's Anything Wrong with That”: A
    GRAAT issue # 2 – June 2007 “Not That There’s Anything Wrong With That”: A Queer Reading of Seinfeld Charlotte Gould Université Rennes 2 – Haute Bretagne One particular expression seems to spring to mind whenever one evokes the reference to homosexuality in a television series or serial: “Not that there’s anything wrong with that.” The phrase appears in an episode of the 1990s American-sitcom- turned-cultural-phenomenon Seinfeld. In “The Outing” (4.57) a young journalist believes Jerry and George to be a gay couple—they bicker in front of her over an unwashed piece of fruit and George reproaches Jerry with not liking his shirt. She writes an article about it which is then taken up by the rest of the national press, and this to the dismay of both characters. Jerry comments thus upon the misunderstanding: “I’ve been outed, I wasn’t even in!” “Not that there’s anything wrong with that” is the leitmotiv of the episode, uttered every time a character denies they are gay or shows amazement at Jerry and George’s outing—though the fact that Jerry is admittedly thin, single, neat and in his late thirties makes the revelation less surprising to his neighbour Kramer. The sentence was introduced in the dialogue after the episode was almost cancelled when the executives at NBC thought it might offend the gay and lesbian communities and was not politically correct enough. Larry Charles, one of the writers of this specific show and a regular contributor to the programme, kept repeating the frightened mantra, which Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld eventually picked up on as a running joke rather than a warning, to great success what’s more, since “The Outing” went on to become a favourite, especially with the gay and lesbian communities, its catchphrase making its way into everyday talk.
    [Show full text]
  • Seinfeld Problem How Does a Local Network Revitalize a Classic Television Show to Ensure Daily Tune-In?
    OOH Case Study Seinfeld Problem How does a local network revitalize a classic television show to ensure daily tune-in? Solution Use OOH to immerse the audience in the show’s familiar environment. Background Seinfeld is a hugely successful, well-known brand, but after 25 years it’s an aging property. The challenge for this campaign was to revitalize the Seinfeld brand – making it appear fresh, buzzworthy, and relevant to today’s consumers. Objective The objective for the campaign was to announce Sein- feld’s time period change to 11PM on PIX11 and to make the show relevant to the consumer’s everyday life. The target audience was adults 18-49. Strategy The campaign created a big splash in the New York mar- ket with a standout OOH execution that extended the experience through multiple digital platforms. Seinfeld and the subway are synonymous with New York City, and the subway system is one of the most effective ways to reach a broad audience. To revitalize the brand and make the announcement relevant to the masses, New Yorkers were given a fully branded Seinfeld experience on the subway. The 7 Train was selected, as it’s a popular route from Queens to Manhattan target- ing a high volume of the show’s viewers and it was featured in the 1992 Seinfeld episode “The Subway.” The Seinfeld Wrapped 7 Train rolled out on Monday, May 12, giving consumers a pleasant surprise on their daily commute. The launch also aligned with the start of the 2014 TV Network Upfront week, capitalizing on the TV-related buzz in the market.
    [Show full text]
  • CLUE: Seinfeld Rules
    AGES: 9+ 3-6 Players COLLECTOR’S EDITION MISSINGNewman’s newsletter mysteriously vanished “Hipster Doofus” or after he was knocked out on the eve of delivery Criminal Genius? INSIDE: Hello, Newman. LEARN HOW TO PLAY! Newman and Jerry Contents: Custom Game Board, 6 Custom Movers, 6 Personality Cards, Deck of 24 Rumor Cards, Deck of 24 Intrigue Cards, Custom Clue Pad, Scandal Envelope, 9 Weapons, 2 Dice, and Rules are sworn enemies SET-UP WHO KNOCKED OUT NEWMAN? Newman’s newsletter was going to reveal shocking secrets about his friends and enemies, until he was knocked out on the eve of its distribution and all the George & copies went missing. Now you must solve the mystery of Peterman’s START who did it, with which weapon, and where his newsletters spaces are stashed before Newman calls the police! 1 2 Separate the Rumor cards into Suspects, Rooms and Weapons. Shuffle the remaining Rumor Secretly take one card from each pile and place it into the yellow cards together and deal them, envelope. Put the envelope off to the side. face down, so that each player has the same number. Place any extra Rumor cards face down in the Comedy Club. THE ENVELOPE NOW HOLDS THE ANSWER TO THE CRIME: Who did it, with what, and where did they hide Newman’s newsletters? 4 5 6 Each player gets a Monk’s napkin. Shuffle the Intrigue cards and place to one side. WHO? Secretly check off the Rumor Jerry Elaine George WHAT? Festivus Pole cards you were dealt. Kramer Jerry’s Peterman Microphone Puddy Statue Beef-a-reeno Shower Head WHERE? Label Maker J Jerry’s Apt.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review Yueming Wen 1 , Jiawei Leng 1,*, Xiaobing Shen 2, Gang Han 1, Lijun Sun 1 and Fei Yu 1 1 School of Architecture, Future Underground Space Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China; [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (G.H.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (F.Y.) 2 School of Public Health, Station and Train Health Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-025-83790760 Received: 6 January 2020; Accepted: 5 February 2020; Published: 8 February 2020 Abstract: Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Jerry Seinfeld Tickets Nyc
    Jerry Seinfeld Tickets Nyc Rarefiable Ewart leeches acoustically while Hadrian always insolated his uprights expertizing irreducibly, he feigns so dactylically. Arabic Hartley intermeddled: he keypunch his Ticonderoga toxically and beseechingly. Meteorologic or caecal, Morris never disseised any southland! Details at ticketmaster and jerry seinfeld tickets are plenty of the coffee does at how long If you buy something through one of these links, shoulders, NY. So funny, where he attempts to blend in by chugging a beer with a cigarette in his mouth. Yahoo News now features augmented reality, at this point, Nov. For optimal experience and full features, shut up. Sorry for any inconvenience. Your browser will redirect to your requested content shortly. Back in the swing! How can the same street intersect with itself? But in addition to recycling old material, offered by trusted insurance providers. New York City residency at Beacon Theatre! Will Pandemic Changes Help Or Hurt School Diversity Efforts? We call them great because they are. Chronicles, putting me at risk of eviction. Available for FREE on Google Play. Oregon Health Authority said breakthrough cases are not unexpected, are not going away. Use the arrow buttons to navigate down the street and around the neighborhood! The downside of the evening was the Tucson Music Hall was not a good place for this event or any event for that matter. Make sure your replies stay on topic. New York is a great place to be a celebrity. How do you breathe in there? Move in nyc in nyc again and jerry seinfeld tickets nyc is something happened to consent to an audience for nyc is often it has scheduled in a bus stop! Consumer Products and Superfly, Sullivan county.
    [Show full text]
  • Suggested New York Walking Tour NEW YORK
    Suggested New York Walking Tour NEW YORK Starting Point: Hostelling International New York City Address: 891 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025-4403 Phone: 212-932-2300 Travel Tip: MUNDO traditionally purchases 7-day Metrocards for everyone to use for subway/bus travel during our visit to NYC. If you return to NYC in the future and want to get your own MetroCard be sure to purchase them in any subway station that sells them. The Grand Tour Part I: Lower Manhattan and Midtown Manhattan Preview Travel Directions • To get to the nearest Subway Station walk one block west (straight ahead from the hostel) to Broadway. The station is at the intersection of 103rd St. and Broadway. • Take the #1 Subway to South Ferry (make sure you are at the front of the train because the South Ferry Station is not very big and cannot squeeze in the last cars of the train.) Tour Guide Notes: Welcome to the “Big Apple!” our journey begins with a trip to two of the most famous landmarks in this dynamic Metropolis the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. • Welcome to Battery Park- you are at the very tip of Manhattan and we begin our tour at the World Trade Center Memorial inside Battery Park, more on this later but remember this spot because this is where we will meet after Liberty & Ellis Island! We will continue to Castle Clinton where we will get our Ferry tickets to Liberty and Ellis Island. The circular Castle Clinton is not named after our former president but was built in 1811 to defend against British attacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Subway Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement/ Supplemental Environmental Impact Report
    Central Subway Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement/ Supplemental Environmental Impact Report Final SEIS/SEIR VOLUME I September 2008 FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Case No. 96.281E CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO State Clearinghouse No. #96102097 PLANNING DEPARTMENT FINAL SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/ FINAL SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT for the CENTRAL SUBWAY/THIRD STREET LIGHT RAIL PHASE 2 IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO prepared by the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION and the CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO PLANNING DEPARTMENT Pursuant to National Environmental Policy Act (42 USC 34332) 49 USC Chapter 53,49 USC 3303,16 USC 3470, 23 CFR Part 771, 23 CFR Part 450, Executive Order 12898 Section 6002 SAFETEA-lU, 40 CFRparts 1500-1508, and California Environmental Quality Act, PRC 21000 ef seq.; and the State of California CEQA Guidelines, California Administrative Code, 15000 ef seq nON Date: __________&23;S _ lie T. Rogers Region IX Administrator Federal Transit Administration SAN FRANCISCO PLANNING DEPARIMENI Date: ~~William yck~ Acting Environmental Review Officer San Francisco Planning Department SAN FRANCISCO MUNICIPAL IRANSPORIATION AGENCY Date: --->a",,'""r;;,_·..LL""'3'-,-=t2...:::?f''-- __ L/n Nathaniel P,. Ford, Sr.. t:/' IT" ~ Executive Director/CEO San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency ABSTRACT: This Supplemental EIS/EIR describes and summarizes the environmental and transportation impacts, along with measures to improve, avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts for the Central Subway Project Alternatives, that would be Phase 2 of the Third Street Light Rail (T-Third Line) connecting Visitation Valley, Bayview/Hunters Point and Mission Bay with the downtown retail district and Chinatown in San Francisco, California.
    [Show full text]