DISCUSSING WESTERN NORMS AND VALUES FROM THOSE OF EASTERN ONES AS REFLECTED IN THE LIFE OF HOLDEN CAULFIELD, THE MAIN CHARACTER OF J.D. SALINGER’S THE CATCHER IN THE RYE A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement To Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Education By: Name : FX Wisnu Prabawa St. Number : 99 1214 139 ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY JOGJAKARTA 2008 The More We Live - Let Go a song by YES You and I can change the world; The more we live, the more we learn, the more we know. From this moment on we share the world; The more we give, the more we love, the more we grow. The spirit of imagination can lead us through the dark; The more we see, the more we try, the more we show. The evidence of our confusion, life has left its mark; The more we fear, the more we lie, the more we hide. As we walk into tomorrow (turning away from the path we know) Holding the future with our hands (we carry the weight of the world we go) Its up to you and I, we hold the key; we hold the answers. All our thoughts of doubt and fear are leaving one by one The more we live, the more we learn, the more we know. For each of us the road is clear and life has just begun; The more we give, the more we love, the more we grow. Its time to reach the goals we've set for ourselves; The more we fear, the more we lie, the more we hide. All we need is just to believe in ourselves; We face the truth; we see it clear, with no disguise. Cast away our doubt and sorrow (turning away from the past we know) The universe at our command (conserving the fate of the world we grow) Together you and I, we hold the key to all the answers. Let go...Let go…Let go…Let go…Let go iv What things so ever ye desire, when ye pray believe that ye receive them, and ye shall have them. (Mark 11:24) Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are honest, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. (Philippians 4:8) But he who, with strong body serving mind, Gives up his power to worthy work, Not seeking gain, Arjuna! Such an one Is honourable. Do thine alloted task! (The Bhagavad Gita) With love and prayer, I dedicate this thesis to You v LEMBAR PERYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : FX. Wisnu Prabawa Nomor Mahasiswa : 99 1214 139 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: DISCUSSING WESTERN NORMS AND VALUES FROM THOSE OF EASTERN ONES AS REFLECTED IN THE LIFE OF HOLDEN CAULFIELD, THE MAIN CHARACTER OF J.D. SALINGER’S THE CATCHER IN THE RYE beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal : 21 April 2008 Yang menyatakan (FX Wisnu Prabawa) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to The Light Without Heat and The Son, for sending me His Loving Spirit so that I have flourishing energy to accomplish my thesis. It is because of His grace so that I may see His countenance of Love through the countenances of beautiful, kind, and inspiring people around me. Actually, it brings delights during my thesis completion. Then, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my major sponsor, Dr. A. Herujiyanto, M. A., Ph. D., and my co-sponsor Ag. Hardi Prasetyo, S. Pd., M. A. for their willingness to spend their energy, time, feelings, and ideas to read and correct my thesis. I am so grateful for their support, patience, advices, and love so that not only accomplishment of my thesis I may get but also more fruits of life I may taste. I would like to thank all PBI lecturers for their roles in improving vast aspects of my life. They have shared with me a lot of their life so that I can feel assured about handling the incoming tasks in the future. I feel need to send my thanks to the staff of PBI Secretariat who have help me patiently and attentively in dealing with administration affairs and to the librarians in Sanata Dharma University for their smile and support during the exhausting nights in the library. I would like to send my love and gratitude to my beloved Bapak and Ibu, for giving me their limitless love, sincere prayers, and freedom in life. And, trying to be vii honest, I also thank them for the financial support given. I also need to send my gratitude to my sister, specifically for her attention and strengthening complaints. A must-person I need to address my gratitude to is Hadi Darmawi. My deep thanks and respect go for him since I always get immediate supports and attention at the very critical moments. Gladly, I also express my gratitude to all of my PBI friends, especially Daniel, Thomas, Guntur, Sutopo Martinus, Lola, Vian, Martha, Anas, Nunuk, and Hening. I do appreciate for having special kind of love and warm friendship from some guys. They are R. In Nugroho, G. Heliarko, A. Setyawan, T.B. Gandhi, John Nugroho, Abertus Nugroho, and A. Herwanto. Special thanks also go to some people who have enriched my life; Priyo Jatmiko, Bertus, Sahat, Stevanie, Maria Eva, Vincent, Mas Aprie, Katarina Restu Ning Tyas, Anastasia Ratna, Margaretha Indriani, Mathilda Eivalig, Stella Vania, Ajeng, Mas Yuli, Pak Tarmuji, Pantoro’s family and Legowo’s family. Last but not least, I would thank You and everybody. May You be blessed with everything Your heart desires. FX. Wisnu Prabawa viii TABLE OF CONTENT Page TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………….i PAGE OF APPROVAL……………………………………………………………....ii PAGE OF BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………………………………………...iii PAGE OF DEDICATION……………………………………………………………iv STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY……………………………………….vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………vii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….ix ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………....xii ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………………...xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………………………….1 1.2 Aim of the Study…………………………..………………………………………4 1.3 Problem Formulation……………………………………..……………………….4 1.4 Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………….5 1.5 Benefit of the Study……………………………………………………………….6 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1. Theoretical Review………………………….……………………………………7 2.1.1. Theory of Character and Characterization.……………..………………………7 2.1.2. Theory of Characterization……………..………………………………………9 2.1.3. Theory of Psychoanalysis……..………………………………………………10 2.1.3.1. The Conscious and The Unconscious………………….……………………11 2.1.3.2. The Id, The Ego, and The Superego…………………………..…..……….11 2.1.3.3. The Life Instinct and the Death Instinct…….…………...………………….14 2.1.3.4. The Ego Defense Mechanisms………………………...……………...……15 ix 2.1.4. The Theory of American Norms and Values………..………………….…….21 2.1.5. The Theory of Post-Colonialism……………………………………………..23 2.1.6. The Theory of Katresnanism………………...……………………………….25 2.1.6.1. The Origin and the Nature of Theory of Katresnanism…….………………25 2.1.6.2. The Development of the Theory of Katresnanism…………….……………27 2.1.6.3. The Principles of the Theory of Katresnanism…………………......………28 2.1.6.4. The Focus and Goal of the Theory of Katresnanism…………….….…….. 30 2.2. Criticism …………………………………..………………………..…………. 31 2.3. Context of the Novel…………………………………………………..………. 33 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Subject Matter…………………………….……..……………………………….36 3.2 Approaches……….…………………….…..……………………………………37 3.3 Procedures………………………..….………………………………………….. 38 3.4 Sources…………………………..……………………………………………… 39 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS 4.1 Holden’s Personality.………………….…...…………………………………… 41 4.2. Psyche of Holden Personality………..….…...………………………………… 45 4.2.1. The Id…………….……………….………………………………………...…45 4.2.2. The Ego………….……………….…………………………………………...47 4.2.3. The Superego…………………………………………………………………49 4.2.4. The Ego Defense Mechanism of Holden………..……………………...……53 4.3. Exercise of Western Norms and Values in Holden’s Life..……….……………55 4.4. Exercise of the Eastern Norms and Values in Holden’s Life…..………………58 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conlusion………………………………………………………………………..62 5.2. Suggestion ………………………………………………………………………63 x 5.2.1. Suggestion for the Future Researchers.……………………………………….63 5.2.2. Suggestion for Teaching and Learning Activities…………………………….64 a. Implementation of Teaching vocabulary using chapter 12 of The Catcher in The Rye for the 3rd year Senior High School Students………………………………………………………..................64 b. Implementation of teaching Speaking IV using a situational conflict faced by Holden Caulfield found in The Catcher in The Rye for the Fourth Semester Students of English Language Study Program……………………….…. 65 BIBLIOGRPHY………………………………………………………….….…..... 67 APPENDICES: Appendix 1: Synopsis of The Catcher In The Rye………………………….……….68 Appendix 2: Biography of J.D. Salinger………………………….…………………81 Appendix 3: Katresnan Criticism: The Nature and Who Does It…………….……..82 Appendix 4: The Implementation of Teaching vocabulary using chapter 12 of The Catcher in The Rye for the 3rd year of Senior High School Students………………………………………………………………...96 Appendix 5: The Implementation of teaching Speaking IV using a situational conflict faced by Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in The Rye for the Fourth Semester Students of English Language Study Program……………………………………………………………...…99 xi ABSTRACT FX. Wisnu Prabawa (2008). Discussing Western Norms And Values From Those Of Eastern Ones As Reflected In The Life Of Holden Caulfield; The Main Character Of J.D.