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Shandilya Upanishad

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Shandilya Upanishad àäíéilyopaniáat 1 SHANDILYA UPANISHAD àäíéilyopaniáatproktayamädyaáúäìgayoginaù yadbodhädyänti kaivalyaò sa rämo me parä gatiù Oó bhadraò karíebhiù àruíuyäma devä ¡Om! Que con nuestros oídos oigamos lo auspicioso, Devas bhadraó paàyemäkàabhiryajaträù Que con nuestros ojos veamos lo auspicioso, oh dignos de adoración. sthirairaìgaistuáúuväòsastanübhirvyaàema devahi- Que podamos alcanzar el plazo vital asignado por los Devas al alabarlos con cuerpo y miembros firmes. taò yadäyuù Que Indra el glorioso nos bendiga svasti na indro výddhaàraväù Que nos bendiga el Sol omnisciente, svasti naù püáä viàvavedäù Que nos bendiga Garuda, rayo contra el mal svasti nastärkàyo ariáúanemiù Que Brihaspati nos otorgue bienestar svasti no býhaspatirdadhätu Oó àäntiù àäntiù àäntiù ¡Om! ¡Paz en mí! ¡Paz alrededor mío! ¡Paz en las fuerzas que actúan sobre mí! Primer Adhyaya 1 àäíéilyo ha vä atharväíaó Sandilya interrogó a Atharvan: papracchätmaläbhopäyabhütamaáúäìgayogamanubr - Dime por favor las ocho partes ─ angas del yoga que es el medio de ühïti alcanzar a Atman. Atharvan respondió: sa hoväcätharvä yamaniyamäsanapräíäyäma- - Las ocho partes del yoga son yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyähäradhäraíädhyänasamädhayo aáúäìgäni - pratyahara, dharana, dhyana y samadhi. De todos estos, yama es de diez tatra daàa yamäù - tathä niyamäù - äsanänyaáúau - clases y también lo es niyama. Hay ocho asanas. Pranayama es de tres trayaùpräíäyämäù - pañcapratyähäräù - tathä clases; pratyahara es de cinco clases y también lo es dharana. Dhyana es dhäraíä - dviprakäraò dhyänam de dos clases, y samadhi tiene una sola forma. samädhistvekarüpaù 2 Taträhiòsäsatyästeyabrahmacaryadayäjapakàamä- Dentro de yama (restricciones) se cuentan diez: ahimsa, satya, asteya, dhýtimitähäraàaucäni ceti yamädaàa brahmacharya, daya, arjava, kshama, dhriti, mitahara y shaucha. De 1 La base del texto sánscrito es la disponible en http://sanskrit.gde.to con algunas modificaciones y la del texto español es la versión de K. Narayanaswami Aiyar. 89-a 89-b tatra hiòsä näma manoväkkäyakarmabhiù éstas: sarvabhüteáu sarvadä kleàajananam - ahimsa consiste en no causar nunca dolor a criatura alguna, en ninguna satyaò näma ocasión con las acciones de nuestra mente, palabra y cuerpo. - Satya consiste en decir la verdad que lleva al bienestar de las criaturas manoväkkäyakarmabhirbhütahitayathärthäbhibhäáa mediante las acciones de nuestra mente, palabra y cuerpo. íam - Asteya consiste en no codiciar la propiedad ajena a través de las acciones asteyaò näma manoväkkäyakarmabhiù de nuestra mente, palabra y cuerpo. paradravyeáu niùspýhä - Brahmacharya consiste en abstenerse de relaciones sexuales en todo brahmacaryaò näma sarvävasthäsu lugar y en toda situación, en mente, palabra y cuerpo. manoväkkäyakarmabhiù sarvatra maithunatyägaù - Daya es la bondad con todas las criaturas, en todo lugar. dayä näma sarvabhüteáu sarvatränugrahaù - Arjava consiste en preservar la ecuanimidad de mente, palabra y cuerpo al realizar u omitir las acciones obligatorias y prohibidas, respectivamente. ärjavaò näma manoväkkäyakarmaíäò - Kshama consiste en soportar con paciencia toda cosa agradable o vihitävihiteáu janeáu pravýttau nivýttau vä desagradable, como los elogios y los golpes; ekarüpatvam - Dhriti consiste en preservar la firmeza de la mente en las ocasiones de kàamä näma priyäpriyeáu sarveáu täéanapüjaneáu ganancia o pérdida de fortuna y seres queridos. sahanam - Mitahara consiste en ingerir alimentos oleaginosos y dulces, dejando dhýtirnämärthahänau sveáúabandhuviyoge tatpräptau vacío un cuarto del estómago. - Shaucha es de dos variedades, externa e interna. De ambas, la externa es sarvatra cetaù sthäpanam la higiene del cuerpo con tierra y agua; la interna es la purificación de la mitähäro näma mente. Esta última se ha de lograr a través del Adhyatma vidya (la ciencia caturthäòàävaàeáakasusnigdhamadhurähäraù de Atman). àaucaò näma dvividhaó bähyamäntaraò ceti - tatra mýjjaläbhyäó bähyam - manaùàuddhiräntaram tadadhyätmavidyayä labhyam tapaùsantoáästikyadäneàvarapüjanasiddhäntaàravaía Dentro de niyama (prácticas religosas) se cuentan diez: tapas, santosha, hrïmatijapo vratäni daàa niyamäù astikya, dana, ishvarapujana, siddhanta-sravana, hri, mati, japa y vrata. tatra tapo näma vidhyuktakýcchracändräyaíädibhiù De éstas: - tapas consiste en la mortificación del cuerpo practicando austeridades àarïraàoáaíam como krichchra, chandrayana, etc., según las reglas. santoáo näma yadýcchäläbhasantuáúiù - Santosha consiste en satisfacerse con lo que nos llega espontáneamente; ästikyaò näma vedoktadharmädharmeáu viàväsaù - astikya es la fe en los méritos y deméritos de la acción según los dänaò näma nyäyärjitasya dhanadhänyädiù establecen los Vedas. àraddhayärhtibhyaù pradänam - Dana consiste en dar con fe a personas que lo merezcan el dinero, los ïàvarapüjanaò näma prasannasvabhävena yathäàakti cereales, etc., ganados legítimamente. viáíurudrädi püjanam - Ishvara-pujana es la veneración de Vishnu, Rudra, etc., con mente pura y según las propias fuerzas. siddhäntaàravaíaò näma vedäntärthavicäraù - Siddhanta-sravana es la indagación del significado del Vedanta. hrïrnäma vedalaukikamärgakutsitakarmaíi lajjä - Hri es la vergüenza que se siente al hacer cosas contrarias a las reglas matirnäma vedavihitakarmamärgeáu àraddhä védicas y sociales. 90-a 90-b japo näma - Mati es la fe en los senderos que establecen los Vedas. vidhivadgurüpadiáúavedäviruddhamanträbhyäsaù - - Japa consiste en practicar los mantras en los que nos ha iniciado taddvividhaò väcikaó mänasaò ceti - mänasaò tu debidamente el propio preceptor espiritual y que no vayan contra (las reglas) de los Vedas. ( Japa ) es de dos clases: oral y mental. La mental se manasä dhyänayuktam - väcikaò halla asociada con la contemplación a través de la mente. La oral tiene dos dvividhamuccairupäòàubhedena - uccairuccäraíaò formas: la sonora y la murmurada. La pronunciación sonora trae la yathoktaphalam - upäòàu sahasraguíam - mänasaò recompensa establecida (en los Vedas, mientras que) la murmurada da mil koúiguíam - vrataò näma veces esa recompensa. La mental da una recompensa millones de veces vedoktavidhiniáedhänuáúhänanaiyatyam superior. - Vrata es el cumplimiento regular de las acciones prescritas por los Vedas y la abstención de las que éstos prohíben. 3 Svastikagomukhapadmavïrasiòhabhadramuktamay Las Asanas (posturas) son (principalmente) ocho, a saber: svastika, üräkhyänyäsanänyaáúau gomukha, padma, vira, simha, bhadra, mukta y mayura. svastikaò näma jänürvontare samyakkýtvä pädatale Svastika consiste en estar sentado tranquilo con el cuerpo erguido poniendo cada uno de los pies entre el muslo y la rodilla de la pierna ubhe - ýjukäyaù samäsïnaù svastikaò tatpracakàate contraria. 4 savye dakàiíagulphaò tu pýáúhapäràve niyojayet Gomukha consiste en (estar sentado tranquilo con el cuerpo erguido y) dakàiíe api tathä savyaò gomukhaò gomukhaò poner el tobillo del pie izquierdo por debajo y el costado de la nalga yathä derecha, y el tobillo del pie derecho por debajo y al costado de la nalga izquierda, formando como un gomukha (cara de vaca). 5 aìguáúhena nibadhnïyäddhastäbhyäò vyutkrameía Padma consiste en (estar sentado tranquilo con el cuerpo erguido y) poner ca ürvorupari àäíéilya kýtvä pädatale ubhe el dorso de cada pie en el muslo opuesto mientras la mano derecha sujeta padmäsanaó bhavedetatsarveáämapi püjitam los dedos del pie derecho y la izquierda, los del pie izquierdo. A esta postura todos la elogian, Sandilya. 6 ekaó pädamathaikasminvinyasyoruíi saòsthitaù Vira consiste en estar sentado tranquilo (con el cuerpo erguido), con un pie itarasmiòstathä corüò vïräsanamudïritam ubicado en el muslo opuesto y el otro pie por debajo del muslo (opuesto correspondiente) 7 dakàiíaò savyagulphena dakàiíena tathetaram Simha consiste en (estar sentado tranquilo con el cuerpo erguido y) hastau ca jänvoù saòsthäpya sväìgulïàca prasärya presionar el lado derecho (del muslo) con el hueco del talón izquierdo y ca viceversa. Las manos han de apoyarse en las rodillas con los dedos separados; con la boca abierta dirigir cuidadosamente la mirada a la punta 8 vyaktavaktro nirïkàeta näsägraò susamähitaù de la nariz. Esto es algo que los yogis siempre elogian. siòhäsanaó bhavedetatpüjitaò yogibhiù sadä 9 yonïò vämena saópïéya meéhrädrupari dakàiíam - Siddha consiste en (estar sentado tranquilo con el cuerpo erguido y bhrümadhye ca manolakàyaò siddhäsanamidaó simultáneamente) presionar el perineo con el talon izquierdo, y poner el bhavet talón del pie derecho encima del órgano genital, concentrando la mente en el punto medio de las dos cejas. 10 gulphau tu výáaíasyädhaù sïvanyäù päràvayoù Bhadra consiste en (estar sentado tranquilo con el cuerpo erguido y) hacer kàipet - pädapäràve tu päíibhyäò dýéhaó badhvä presión firme contra el sivani (parte inferior del órgano genital) con los 91-a 91-b suniàcalam - bhadräsanaó tobillos de ambos pies, sujetando firmemente las rodillas con las manos. bhavedetatsarvavyädhiviáäpaham Este es bhadra, que destruye toda dolencia y veneno. 11 saópïéya sïvinïò sükàmäò gulphenaiva tu savyataù Mukta consiste en (estar sentado tranquilo con el cuerpo erguido y) savyaò dakàiíagulphena muktäsanamudïritam presionar con el talón izquierdo el costado derecho de la parte blanda del sivani, y el costado izquierdo con el talón derecho. 12 avaáúabhya dharäò samyaktaläbhyäò tu Mayura (el pavo real): Descansar el cuerpo sobre el suelo apoyando las 13 karadvayoù - hastayoù kürparau cäpi dos palmas y ubicar los codos a los lados del ombligo; levantar pies y sthäpayennäbhipäràvayaoù
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