DOCSLIB.ORG

WFP-Libya Rapid Food Security Assessment Final

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WFP-Libya Rapid Food Security Assessment Final Rapid Food Security Assessment, Libya Report November 2016 s Table of Content 1 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Key findings 4 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6 3 Objectives and Methodology ............................................................................................................ 7 3.1 Objectives 7 3.2 Sampling and data collection process 7 3.3 Limitations 8 4 IDP Households Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 9 4.1 Demographics 9 4.2 Timing of displacement 9 4.3 Employment 10 5 Income and Expenditure ................................................................................................................. 11 5.1 Income source 11 5.2 Expenditures 14 6 External Assistance ......................................................................................................................... 18 7 Food Insecurity situation and trends .............................................................................................. 20 8 Food consumption .......................................................................................................................... 21 8.1 Food sources 25 9 Coping Strategies ............................................................................................................................ 27 9.1 Livelihood Coping Strategies 27 9.2 Consumption based coping 31 10 Profile of the food insecure ............................................................................................................ 32 10.1 Geography 32 10.2 Demography 34 10.3 Socio-economic situation 35 11 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 39 11.1 Recommendations 39 12 Annex 1 - CARI calculations ............................................................................................................. 40 13 Annex 2: CARI Consoles by location and region .............................................................................. 44 14 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 49 List of Figures and Tables Map 1: Food Security across locations ......................................................................................................... 5 Map 2: Sample Distribution in Libya ............................................................................................................ 8 Figure 1: IDP Household Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2: Timing and main reason for displacement .................................................................................... 9 Figure 3: IDP Employment status ............................................................................................................... 10 Figure 4: Employed IDPs ............................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 5: Income sources and relative contribution to total household income ....................................... 12 Figure 6: Income situation .......................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 7: Main income challenges across locations ................................................................................... 13 Figure 8: Average share of expenditure ..................................................................................................... 14 Figure 9: Average share of expenditure on food by regions and by locations ........................................... 15 Figure 10: Average share of expenditure on food by IDP Place of Origin and displacement time ............ 16 Figure 11: Expenditure development and income comparison ................................................................. 17 Figure 12: Food Aid, Assistance, and Non-food assistance ........................................................................ 19 Figure 13: Non-food support ...................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 14: Food Consumption Score .......................................................................................................... 21 Figure 15: Food Consumption Score by regions and location .................................................................... 22 Figure 16: Food Consumption Score by Displacement Groups, Sex of Head of Households and Displacement time ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Page 2 of 49 Figure 17: Meals eaten per day by sex of head of households and average of number of days displaced 24 Figure 18: Food sources ............................................................................................................................. 25 Figure 19: Average use of key food sources across locations .................................................................... 26 Figure 20: Use of market (cash and credit) as food source 2015 vs. 2016 ................................................. 27 Figure 21: Livelihood coping strategies used by households ..................................................................... 28 Figure 22: Livelihood coping strategies ...................................................................................................... 28 Figure 23: Livelihood Coping Strategies by regions and locations ............................................................. 29 Figure 24: Livelihood coping strategies by displacement groups and displacement time ......................... 31 Figure 25: Consumption-based coping strategies across locations ............................................................ 31 Figure 26: Food security across regions and locations ............................................................................... 33 Figure 27: Food security across displacement groups ............................................................................... 34 Figure 28: Food security by Sex of head of household and Employment status ........................................ 34 Figure 29: Food security by displacement time ......................................................................................... 35 Figure 30: Households food security by main sources of income and use of consumption-based coping strategies .................................................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 31: Cluster Analysis of Most Vulnerable IDP Groups ....................................................................... 38 Table 1: CARI Classification ........................................................................................................................ 20 Table 2: CARI definitions ............................................................................................................................ 21 Table 3: CARI Classification of IDP households .......................................................................................... 36 Table 4: CARI model ................................................................................................................................... 40 Table 5: Food items table from household survey ..................................................................................... 40 Table 6: Coping strategy activities table from household survey .............................................................. 42 Page 3 of 49 1 Executive Summary The Rapid Food Security Assessment was implemented by Voluntas Advisory together with Diwan Market Research on behalf of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) to provide up-to-date-information on critical food related needs of displaced population in Libya. The data was collected from 26 August to 6 September 2016, in eight locations, namely Tripoli, Zawiya and Bani Walid in the West, Awbari and Sabha in the South, and Ajdabiya, Benghazi, and Tobruk in the East. These locations combined host about 53 percent of the total IDP population in Libya. 1.1 Key findings The assessment found that 24 percent of all IDP households are food insecure and they are not able to meet their essential food needs without engaging in atypical coping strategies. The food insecure households have a poor or borderline food Household food consumption and use a high share of their budget to cover food needs. security From 2015 to 2016, overall IDP food insecurity has increased: only 6 percent of all IDPs were food insecure (moderately or severely) in 2015. In addition to those already food insecure, 62 percent of all the IDP households are at risk of slipping into food insecurity. The developments are related to the significant rise in food prices, depreciation of the Libyan dinar, as well as the lack of liquidity in the Libyan banks. The level of food insecurity is high in the western and eastern parts of the country, where the majority of the IDP households are located. At location level, Bani
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medical Conditions in the Western Desert and Tobruk
    CHAPTER 1 1 MEDICAL CONDITIONS IN THE WESTERN DESERT AND TOBRU K ON S I D E R A T I O N of the medical and surgical conditions encountered C by Australian forces in the campaign of 1940-1941 in the Wester n Desert and during the siege of Tobruk embraces the various diseases me t and the nature of surgical work performed . In addition it must includ e some assessment of the general health of the men, which does not mean merely the absence of demonstrable disease . Matters relating to organisa- tion are more appropriately dealt with in a later chapter in which the lessons of the experiences in the Middle East are examined . As told in Chapter 7, the forward surgical work was done in a main dressing statio n during the battles of Bardia and Tobruk . It is admitted that a serious difficulty of this arrangement was that men had to be held for some tim e in the M.D.S., which put a brake on the movements of the field ambulance , especially as only the most severely wounded men were operated on i n the M.D.S. as a rule, the others being sent to a casualty clearing statio n at least 150 miles away . Dispersal of the tents multiplied the work of the staff considerably. SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE DESER T Though battle casualties were not numerous, the value of being able to deal with varied types of wounds was apparent . In the Bardia and Tobruk actions abdominal wounds were few. Major J.
    [Show full text]
  • WESTERN DESERT CAMPAIGN Sept-Nov1940 Begin Between the 10Th and 15Th October and to Be Concluded by Th E End of the Month
    CHAPTER 7 WESTERN DESERT CAMPAIG N HEN, during the Anglo-Egyptian treaty negotiations in 1929, M r W Bruce as Prime Minister of Australia emphasised that no treat y would be acceptable to the Commonwealth unless it adequately safeguarded the Suez Canal, he expressed that realisation of the significance of sea communications which informed Australian thoughts on defence . That significance lay in the fact that all oceans are but connected parts o f a world sea on which effective action by allies against a common enem y could only be achieved by a common strategy . It was as a result of a common strategy that in 1940 Australia ' s local naval defence was denude d to reinforce offensive strength at a more vital point, the Suez Canal an d its approaches. l No such common strategy existed between the Germans and the Italians, nor even between the respective dictators and thei r commanders-in-chief . Instead of regarding the sea as one and indivisible , the Italians insisted that the Mediterranean was exclusively an Italia n sphere, a conception which was at first endorsed by Hitler . The shelvin g of the plans for the invasion of England in the autumn of 1940 turne d Hitler' s thoughts to the complete subjugation of Europe as a preliminary to England ' s defeat. He became obsessed with the necessity to attack and conquer Russia . In viewing the Mediterranean in relation to German action he looked mainly to the west, to the entry of Spain into the war and th e capture of Gibraltar as part of the European defence plan .
    [Show full text]
  • A Memoir of the Siege of Tobruk
    I Confess A Memoir of the Siege of Tobruk Author: Major General John Joseph Release date: August 2011 Murray, DSO & Bar, MC, VD Format: PB 210 x 148mm ISBN: 978-0-9870574-8-8 Pages: 256 Publisher: Big Sky Publishing Price (incl. GST): $29.99 I Confess is an intimate portrayal of command in the crucible of war. But Major General John Joseph Murray’s portrait of wartime leadership is not the stuff of military textbooks and his war is no set-piece battle. Murray commanded the Australian 20th Brigade during the siege of Tobruk, that grinding, tortuous desert defence that saw the German forces label his men ‘rats’, a badge they have worn since with pride and honour. Murray’s account, as he explains in the humorous, deprecating whimsy that characterises his memoir, is not a story of raging battles and hard- fought actions, but of the essence of command. This is a portrait of the relationship Murray forges with his men through the long days of the siege against a relentless enemy and as supplies dwindle, tempers fray and exhaustion threatens. Major General John Joseph Murray DSO and Bar, MC, VD, fought in the AIF in both the First and Second World Wars. He won the Military Cross as a company commander during the disastrous Battle of Fromelles and the Distinguished Service Order at Peronne. At the beginning of the Second World War he raised the 20th Brigade at Ingleburn before embarking for Palestine. In 1941, the brigade joined the 9th Division in pursuit of the Italian Army in North Africa but came face to face with Rommel’s Afrika Korps.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Counter-Attack and a Controversial Relief The
    CHAPTER 8 LAST COUNTER-ATTACK AND A CONTROVERSIAL RELIEF HE men of the Tobruk garrison had always thought that the term o f T their confinement would be the time taken to drive off the besiegers . In the midsummer month of July when the prospect of relief by a frontie r offensive seemed indefinitely remote, General Blarney proposed anothe r kind of relief : relief by sea . His request provoked a strong disagreement between the British and Australian Governments ; but confidences were so well kept that to all but one or two of the Australians who were in the fortress the first intimation that their going thence had been th e subject of controversy was the publication after the war of Sir Winston Churchill's The Grand Alliance, in which he gave his own account of the dispute. There he declared that it gave him pain to have to relate the incident, but to suppress it indefinitely would have been impossible . "Besides, " he wrote, "the Australian people have a right to know what happened and why." 1 For that very reason it was unfortunate that, i n relating the differences between the two Governments, Sir Winsto n Churchill quoted extensively from his own messages to successive Aus- tralian Prime Ministers but did not disclose the text of their replies . If the Australian people had depended solely on Sir Winston Churchill 's account for knowledge of what happened and why, they might have been left with some erroneous impressions . In particular it might have been inferred that when Mr Fadden's Government insisted that the relief o f the 9th Division should proceed, it did so not because of a strong convic- tion based on broad considerations advanced by its military advisers bu t because it had been induced by "hard pressure from its political opponents " to turn a deaf ear to Churchill's entreaties .
    [Show full text]
  • International Medical Corps in Libya from the Rise of the Arab Spring to the Fall of the Gaddafi Regime
    International Medical Corps in Libya From the rise of the Arab Spring to the fall of the Gaddafi regime 1 International Medical Corps in Libya From the rise of the Arab Spring to the fall of the Gaddafi regime Report Contents International Medical Corps in Libya Summary…………………………………………… page 3 Eight Months of Crisis in Libya…………………….………………………………………… page 4 Map of International Medical Corps’ Response.…………….……………………………. page 5 Timeline of Major Events in Libya & International Medical Corps’ Response………. page 6 Eastern Libya………………………………………………………………………………....... page 8 Misurata and Surrounding Areas…………………….……………………………………… page 12 Tunisian/Libyan Border………………………………………………………………………. page 15 Western Libya………………………………………………………………………………….. page 17 Sirte, Bani Walid & Sabha……………………………………………………………………. page 20 Future Response Efforts: From Relief to Self-Reliance…………………………………. page 21 International Medical Corps Mission: From Relief to Self-Reliance…………………… page 24 International Medical Corps in the Middle East…………………………………………… page 24 International Medical Corps Globally………………………………………………………. Page 25 Operational data contained in this report has been provided by International Medical Corps’ field teams in Libya and Tunisia and is current as of August 26, 2011 unless otherwise stated. 2 3 Eight Months of Crisis in Libya Following civilian demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt, the people of Libya started to push for regime change in mid-February. It began with protests against the leadership of Colonel Muammar al- Gaddafi, with the Libyan leader responding by ordering his troops and supporters to crush the uprising in a televised speech, which escalated the country into armed conflict. The unrest began in the eastern Libyan city of Benghazi, with the eastern Cyrenaica region in opposition control by February 23 and opposition supporters forming the Interim National Transitional Council on February 27.
    [Show full text]
  • Fragile Stability and Future Opportunities in Libya's Sirte
    Issue 2019/21 December 2019 The City in the Middle: Fragile Stability and Future Opportunities in Libya’s Sirte Omar Al-Hawari1 Since 4 April, Libya has been witnessing its third civil conflict in eight years. The conflict was sparked when the General Command of the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF),2 a diverse coalition headquartered in eastern Libya, launched a military operation to wrest control of the capital from actors loosely affiliated to the internationally- recognised Government of National Accord (GNA).3 While fighting has continued in and around Tripoli, with neither side able to gain a decisive victory, there have been concerns that the conflict over the capital could precipitate violence in other areas across the country. The coastal city of Sirte4 appeared particularly exposed, with its proximity to forces allied to the two main warring camps indicating it could become a new frontline. In addition to its strategic location in the centre of Libya’s northern coast, Sirte has a particular symbolism in Libya’s recent history. Having been the stronghold of the Qadhadhfa tribe and of the Jamahiriyya regime between 1969 and 2011, it then 1. Omar Al-Hawari is a communications engineer and researcher from the Sirte region. He has been cooperating with the Middle East Directions Programme since 2018. This paper was written as part of Middle East Directions’ Libya Initiative, which includes a project mentoring junior Libyan analysts. This paper was origi- nally written in Arabic. BRIEF 2. The LAAF is an alliance of armed military and civilian groups led by Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenging the Assumptions of the Libyan Conflict
    CrisesAlert 1: Challenging the assumptions of the Libyan conflict Kars de Bruijne Clingendael Report Floor El Kamouni-Janssen Fransje Molenaar CrisesAlert 1: Challenging the assumptions of the Libyan conflict Kars de Bruijne Floor El Kamouni-Janssen Fransje Molenaar Clingendael report July 2017 Clingendael CrisesAlerts Libya Unpacking conflict trends, theaters and assumptions forms the basis of the Clingendael CrisesAlerts on Libya: where are the theaters of war, what are trends in fault lines, success and conflict activity? European security interests at stake: this CrisesAlert explores why Europe should care about the ongoing conflict. What security interests are at stake? What are the mechanisms whereby the crises impact Europe and its member states? What should be done? Local conflict, local peace: this CrisesAlert explores variations in local power: who is cooperating with whom? What explains the coalitions of violence and coalitions of peace? What can be done? The EU in the world: this CrisesAlert probes into the regional and geopolitical power dynamics. How do fault lines develop and what does this suggest for the EU’s room for maneuver, foreign policy and actionable policy? July 2017 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: © Flickr – Courtney Radsch Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of the Libyan Conflict and Options for Its Resolution
    ORIGINS OF THE LIBYAN CONFLICT AND OPTIONS FOR ITS RESOLUTION JONATHAN M. WINER MAY 2019 POLICY PAPER 2019-12 CONTENTS * 1 INTRODUCTION * 4 HISTORICAL FACTORS * 7 PRIMARY DOMESTIC ACTORS * 10 PRIMARY FOREIGN ACTORS * 11 UNDERLYING CONDITIONS FUELING CONFLICT * 12 PRECIPITATING EVENTS LEADING TO OPEN CONFLICT * 12 MITIGATING FACTORS * 14 THE SKHIRAT PROCESS LEADING TO THE LPA * 15 POST-SKHIRAT BALANCE OF POWER * 18 MOVING BEYOND SKHIRAT: POLITICAL AGREEMENT OR STALLING FOR TIME? * 20 THE CURRENT CONFLICT * 22 PATHWAYS TO END CONFLICT SUMMARY After 42 years during which Muammar Gaddafi controlled all power in Libya, since the 2011 uprising, Libyans, fragmented by geography, tribe, ideology, and history, have resisted having anyone, foreigner or Libyan, telling them what to do. In the process, they have frustrated the efforts of outsiders to help them rebuild institutions at the national level, preferring instead to maintain control locally when they have it, often supported by foreign backers. Despite General Khalifa Hifter’s ongoing attempt in 2019 to conquer Tripoli by military force, Libya’s best chance for progress remains a unified international approach built on near complete alignment among international actors, supporting Libyans convening as a whole to address political, security, and economic issues at the same time. While the tracks can be separate, progress is required on all three for any of them to work in the long run. But first the country will need to find a way to pull back from the confrontation created by General Hifter. © The Middle East Institute The Middle East Institute 1319 18th Street NW Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO Update # 12 Reporting Period
    Health response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO update # 12 Reporting period: 23 July to 5 August 2020 1 | P a g e 2 | P a g e Highlights o Under WHO’s transmission scenarios, Libya’s status has been revised from “clusters of cases” to “community transmission”. A total of 4224 people in Libya have been infected with COVID-19. Of this number, 3495 people remain actively infected, 633 people have recovered, and 93 people have died. (This translates to 614 confirmed cases and 13 deaths per 1 million population.) The national case fatality rate is 2.27%. o The municipalities reporting a significant increase are Tripoli, Misrata, Sebha, Zliten Ashshatti, Benghazi, Ubari, Janzour and Zawiya. o Thus far, a total of 68 027 specimens have been tested. This number includes 38 784 in Tripoli, 14 045 in Benghazi, 8604 in Misrata and 5389 in Sebha. o Nationwide, there are severe shortages of GeneXpert cartridges and laboratory reagents used for virus extraction. o On 31 July 2020, the Government of National Accord (GNA) declared a five-day lockdown starting the same day. o Misrata is emerging as a hotspot. The city has the second largest number of people infected with COVID-19. Collaboration with national authorities o On 4 August 2020, the Libyan Ambassador to the United Nations met WHO’s Director-General to discuss the evolving COVID-19 situation and request increased support from WHO. o WHO is continuing to brief Ambassadors to Libya on the COVID-19 situation and the challenges faced by WHO in its efforts to support the national response.
    [Show full text]
  • 4C907ffe9.Pdf
    LIBYA FACTSHEET February 2015 HIGHLIGHTS 30,000 5,673 13,497 IDPs received humanitarian Persons provided assistance and NFIs following rescue at Persons received medical aid since August 2014 sea or inside immigration detention centres in 2014 assistance in 2014 Population of concern A total of 431,258 people of concern Refugees and Asylum-Seekers Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) as of 17 Dec 2014* By country of origin By region Region Total IDPs Country Total PoCs Southwest and Western region (Tripoli, Gheryan, Zawiya, 182,994 Eritrea 4,687 Surman, Tarhouna, Bani Walid, Ajaylat) Iraq 3,105 Misrata, Ras Lanuf, Slooq, Gulf of Sidra 56,850 Palestine 5,300 Eastern region (Benghazi, Tobruk, Ajdabiya, Al Marj, Al 90,000 Somalia 2,392 Bayda) Sudan 2,123 Southern region (Awbari/Ghat) 24,430 Syria 18,710 Tawerghans displaced or re-displaced throughout the 40,000 country Other nationalities 667 Total 394,274 TOTAL 36,984 * Numbers are estimated displacement (source: Local Councils and NGOs) UNHCR Presence Staff: Offices: 32 national staff and 5 international staff 2 offices located in: Tripoli and Benghazi FACTSHEET UNHCR FACTSHEET UNHCR 1 UNHCR Factsheet Libya WORKING WITH PARTNERS Following the outbreak of fighting in Tripoli in mid-July 2014, UNHCR initiated and leads the Libya Protection Working Group (PWG) for UN agencies and NGOs working temporarily in Tunis. The PWG is aimed at coordinating protection activities and responses to the humanitarian needs inside Libya. Previously, UNHCR chaired the Detention Working Group, which coordinated the distribution of relief items inside migration detention centres and served as an advocacy platform for alternatives to detention for refugees and asylum seekers, particularly women and children.
    [Show full text]
  • A Way Forward for Positive Migration Governance in Libya
    OCTOBER 2019 From abuse to cohabitation: A way forward for positive migration governance in Libya Floor El Kamouni- Janssen, Nancy Ezzeddine and Jalel Harchaoui DISCLAIMER This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the Clingendael Institute and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION: THE COMPLEXITY OF SUPPORTING LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN LIBYA ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 1. STATE AND NON-STATE MIGRATION GOVERNANCE .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ADVANCE to BENGHAZI PT E R the Swift Fall of Tobruk a Rapid Move
    CHAPTER 8 ADVANCE TO BENGHAZ I PT E R the swift fall of Tobruk a rapid move against Dema and Mechil i A was begun with the dual object of taking these places and roundin g up remaining Italian troops in Cyrenaica . In Tobruk there was much to be done; in addition to the colossal problems of feeding, hygiene an d transport of so many Italian prisoners, there was the task of making th e town fit for use as a harbour of strategic importance . The possession of Tobruk by the attackers would simplify problems of transportation, fo r most of the vehicles of the force were now decrepit, and a sea base woul d assist greatly in the dash westward to Derna and beyond . The medical arrangements had to allow for the service of the Tobruk area itself, for the provision of a forward base for casualties of the engagements pending , and for the field requirements of the force pursuing the Italians . FROM TOBRUK TO DERNA The 16th Brigade of the 6th Australian Division was left temporarily in Tobruk, and on 25th January Major Saxby was appointed as A .D.M.S. of the town area and Major Dawkins took his place as D.A.D.M.S. of the 6th Division. For the present we must leave the internal economy o f Tobruk area, and see what other dispositions of the Australian medica l services were necessary. Colonel Disher explored the town's medica l possibilities and during the 25th and 26th January examined the whole position in consultation with Colonel Smyth, D .D.M.S., XIII Corps .
    [Show full text]