Rapid Food Security Assessment, Libya Report November 2016 s Table of Content 1 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Key findings 4 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6 3 Objectives and Methodology ............................................................................................................ 7 3.1 Objectives 7 3.2 Sampling and data collection process 7 3.3 Limitations 8 4 IDP Households Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 9 4.1 Demographics 9 4.2 Timing of displacement 9 4.3 Employment 10 5 Income and Expenditure ................................................................................................................. 11 5.1 Income source 11 5.2 Expenditures 14 6 External Assistance ......................................................................................................................... 18 7 Food Insecurity situation and trends .............................................................................................. 20 8 Food consumption .......................................................................................................................... 21 8.1 Food sources 25 9 Coping Strategies ............................................................................................................................ 27 9.1 Livelihood Coping Strategies 27 9.2 Consumption based coping 31 10 Profile of the food insecure ............................................................................................................ 32 10.1 Geography 32 10.2 Demography 34 10.3 Socio-economic situation 35 11 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 39 11.1 Recommendations 39 12 Annex 1 - CARI calculations ............................................................................................................. 40 13 Annex 2: CARI Consoles by location and region .............................................................................. 44 14 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 49 List of Figures and Tables Map 1: Food Security across locations ......................................................................................................... 5 Map 2: Sample Distribution in Libya ............................................................................................................ 8 Figure 1: IDP Household Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2: Timing and main reason for displacement .................................................................................... 9 Figure 3: IDP Employment status ............................................................................................................... 10 Figure 4: Employed IDPs ............................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 5: Income sources and relative contribution to total household income ....................................... 12 Figure 6: Income situation .......................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 7: Main income challenges across locations ................................................................................... 13 Figure 8: Average share of expenditure ..................................................................................................... 14 Figure 9: Average share of expenditure on food by regions and by locations ........................................... 15 Figure 10: Average share of expenditure on food by IDP Place of Origin and displacement time ............ 16 Figure 11: Expenditure development and income comparison ................................................................. 17 Figure 12: Food Aid, Assistance, and Non-food assistance ........................................................................ 19 Figure 13: Non-food support ...................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 14: Food Consumption Score .......................................................................................................... 21 Figure 15: Food Consumption Score by regions and location .................................................................... 22 Figure 16: Food Consumption Score by Displacement Groups, Sex of Head of Households and Displacement time ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Page 2 of 49 Figure 17: Meals eaten per day by sex of head of households and average of number of days displaced 24 Figure 18: Food sources ............................................................................................................................. 25 Figure 19: Average use of key food sources across locations .................................................................... 26 Figure 20: Use of market (cash and credit) as food source 2015 vs. 2016 ................................................. 27 Figure 21: Livelihood coping strategies used by households ..................................................................... 28 Figure 22: Livelihood coping strategies ...................................................................................................... 28 Figure 23: Livelihood Coping Strategies by regions and locations ............................................................. 29 Figure 24: Livelihood coping strategies by displacement groups and displacement time ......................... 31 Figure 25: Consumption-based coping strategies across locations ............................................................ 31 Figure 26: Food security across regions and locations ............................................................................... 33 Figure 27: Food security across displacement groups ............................................................................... 34 Figure 28: Food security by Sex of head of household and Employment status ........................................ 34 Figure 29: Food security by displacement time ......................................................................................... 35 Figure 30: Households food security by main sources of income and use of consumption-based coping strategies .................................................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 31: Cluster Analysis of Most Vulnerable IDP Groups ....................................................................... 38 Table 1: CARI Classification ........................................................................................................................ 20 Table 2: CARI definitions ............................................................................................................................ 21 Table 3: CARI Classification of IDP households .......................................................................................... 36 Table 4: CARI model ................................................................................................................................... 40 Table 5: Food items table from household survey ..................................................................................... 40 Table 6: Coping strategy activities table from household survey .............................................................. 42 Page 3 of 49 1 Executive Summary The Rapid Food Security Assessment was implemented by Voluntas Advisory together with Diwan Market Research on behalf of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) to provide up-to-date-information on critical food related needs of displaced population in Libya. The data was collected from 26 August to 6 September 2016, in eight locations, namely Tripoli, Zawiya and Bani Walid in the West, Awbari and Sabha in the South, and Ajdabiya, Benghazi, and Tobruk in the East. These locations combined host about 53 percent of the total IDP population in Libya. 1.1 Key findings The assessment found that 24 percent of all IDP households are food insecure and they are not able to meet their essential food needs without engaging in atypical coping strategies. The food insecure households have a poor or borderline food Household food consumption and use a high share of their budget to cover food needs. security From 2015 to 2016, overall IDP food insecurity has increased: only 6 percent of all IDPs were food insecure (moderately or severely) in 2015. In addition to those already food insecure, 62 percent of all the IDP households are at risk of slipping into food insecurity. The developments are related to the significant rise in food prices, depreciation of the Libyan dinar, as well as the lack of liquidity in the Libyan banks. The level of food insecurity is high in the western and eastern parts of the country, where the majority of the IDP households are located. At location level, Bani