Libya Poll January 2019

Public Opinion Survey: Fifteen Municipalities of Libya

December 31, 2018-January 31, 2019 Detailed Methodology • The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research by Altai Consulting under the supervision of Redstone Scientific. • Data was collected between December 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 through computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted from a call center in Tripoli. • The sample consists of a total 4,636 respondents aged 18 and older, with cell phone access, and from one of the targeted 15 municipalities in Libya. IRI has worked with these municipalities (with the exception of Derna) through training on organizational development, public relations, and project management since 2014. • A sample of 300 was set for each municipality. A gender quota and age category cap were also used to enhance representativeness. • A random-number generator was used to generate syntactically-correct numbers in lots of 10,000 at a time. Respondents were then screened for municipality to ensure that they were from one of the targeted areas, and also for gender and age. • The confidence interval for the sample in each municipality is not more than plus or minus 5.6 percent at the mid-range with a confidence level of 95 percent. • The actual sample size and confidence interval for each municipality at the mid-range with a confidence level of 95 percent is as follows: Al Bayda (n=310, +/-5.6%); Benghazi (n=304, +/- 5.6%); Derna (n=307, +/-5.6%); Ghadamis (n=311, +/-5.6%); Ghat (n=306, +/-5.6%); Misrata (n=305, +/-5.6%); Sabha (n=308, +/-5.6%); Sabratha (n=302, +/-5.6%); Shahat (n=315, +/-5.5%); Sirte (n=313, +/-5.5%); Souq al Jouma (n=305, +/-5.6%); Surman (n=314, +/-5.5%); Tajoura (n=306, +/-5.6%); Tobruk (n=318, +/-5.5%); Tripoli Center (n=312, +/-5.5%). • The response rate was 19 percent. • The information in this report has been compiled in accordance with international standards for market and social research methodologies. Figures in charts and tables may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. 2 Outlook Would you say that things in your local area are heading in the right direction or the wrong direction?

East West South

10% 11% 11% 9% 11% 8% 15% 13% 15% 15% 17% 15% 13% 14% 13%

22% 20% 21%

36% 28% 29% 27% 31% 33% 44% 34% 37% 37%

64% 71%

68% 69% 70% 57% 58% 58% 56% 53% 51% 46% 49% 48% 50%

23% 21%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

*NOTE: Circled numbers denote figures of interest 4 In general, why do you think that things are heading in the right direction? (Asked of those who responded right direction; spontaneous response)

East West South 2% 7% 7% 1% 5% 7% 4% 5% 10% 2% 8% 1% 8% 1% 10% 1% 1% 5% 14% 1% 15% 5% 16% 5% 3% 2% 19% 1% 6% 12% 2% 7% 3% 8% 6% 9% 1% 10% 8% 9% 4% 10% 3% 10% 5% 2% 7% 7% 8% 1% 3% 5% 8% 13% 21% 14% 21% 14% 15% 21% 18% 23% 23% 23% 22% 19% 25% 18% 5% 21% 22%

19%

61% 62% 59% 59% 57% 60% 60% 56% 56% 55% 52% 55% 45% 47% 37%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Improved security Greater freedom & opportunity for civic engagement Improved economy Better service delivery Other Don’t know/Refused to answer *BASE: Al Bayda (n=211); Benghazi (n=210); Derna (n=163); Tobruk (n=180); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=213); Sabratha (n=155); Sirte (n=143); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=154); Tajoura (n=148); Tripoli Center (n=174); Ghadamis (n=155); Ghat (n=71); Sabha (n=63) In general, why do you think that things are heading in the wrong direction? (Asked of those who responded wrong direction; spontaneous response)

East West South 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 5% 1% 2% 1% 4% 2% 1% 1% 3% 3% 3% 4% 6% 2% 9% 5% 1% 4% 3% 9% 3% 3% 6% 2% 4% 3% 3% 3% 6% 8% 2% 3% 5% 4% 1% 5% 3% 3% 7% 2% 4% 8% 5% 2% 2% 4% 4% 1% 1% 10% 9% 7% 8% 2% 3% 16% 4% 13% 8% 16% 6% 5% 18% 13% 10% 12% 5% 11% 13% 20% 6% 7% 13% 6% 24% 6% 10% 9% 7% 11% 10% 7% 6% 15% 16% 11% 9% 13% 16% 8% 12% 15% 16% 10% 20% 9% 13% 22% 23% 17% 14% 36% 25% 13% 27%

8% 63% 57% 53% 49% 26% 47% 44% 42% 40% 40% 36% 29% 28% 28% 30%

11%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Lack of security Economy Poor service delivery Poor infrastructure Corruption/Nepotism Poor leadership Poor health Other Don’t know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=69); Benghazi (n=61); Derna (n=109); Tobruk (n=90); Shahat (n=90); Misrata (n=64); Sabratha (n=101); Sirte (n=137); Souq al Jouma (n=82); Surman (n=107); Tajoura (n=113); Tripoli Center (n=97); Ghadamis (n=114); Ghat (n=195); Sabha (n=220) 6 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? ECONOMY

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 6% 3% 3% 12% 12% 16% 19% 18% 15% 17% 17% 19% 16% 18% 22% 19% 20% 20%

28% 20% 19% 26% 34% 31% 32% 26% 26% 18% 21% 28% 27% 34% 36%

43% 46% 44% 46% 52% 40% 44% 47% 45% 42% 42% 44% 41% 40% 42%

15% 14% 10% 8% 10% 8% 8% 8% 12% 10% 6% 7% 5% 5% 3%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 7 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? POLITICAL STABILITY

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 4% 4% 4% 3% 4% 8% 6% 6% 6% 7% 5% 5% 8% 8% 13% 12% 15% 9% 9% 12% 17% 18% 19% 13% 17% 24% 20% 18% 12% 14% 23% 38% 14% 18% 23% 21% 24% 24% 29% 24% 30% 21% 22% 48% 50% 52% 51% 34% 51% 49% 47% 46% 49% 40% 46% 44% 47% 35%

25% 22% 19% 19% 15% 13% 13% 10% 8% 8% 7% 6% 5% 5% 5% 1% 3%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 8 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? SECURITY

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 3% 1% 3% 2% 3% 3% 2% 1% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2% 8% 5% 8% 8% 9% 8% 12% 15% 9% 11% 12% 16% 15% 20% 9% 11% 10% 15% 19% 18% 39% 19% 19% 16% 26% 21% 26% 19%

22% 34% 51% 54% 56% 54% 55% 51% 53% 33% 55% 52% 55% 47% 51% 37% 38%

32% 26% 24% 21% 25% 16% 17% 15% 12% 12% 11% 12% 14% 11% 7% 2%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 9 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 6% 12% 15% 11% 11% 13% 14% 16% 14% 19% 19% 26% 31% 12% 34% 36% 20% 21% 23% 28% 41% 24% 32% 31% 31% 40%

46% 35% 41% 37% 36% 52% 51% 49% 32% 47% 49% 42% 42% 46% 41% 28% 30% 26% 30% 17% 24% 16% 13% 11% 12% 11% 9% 8% 2% 5% 5% 4% 8% 2% 2%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 10 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? EDUCATION

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 2% 2% 3% 2% 3% 3% 2% 1% 2% 3% 4% 3% 1% 2% 7% 6% 9% 10% 11% 11% 9% 12% 13% 9% 11% 16% 14% 20% 11% 13% 10% 18% 31% 20% 17% 19% 17% 27% 17% 27% 16% 22% 18% 46% 54% 62% 56% 33% 56% 57% 58% 57% 58% 57% 51% 53% 45% 58%

30% 28% 22% 24% 17% 14% 10% 12% 12% 9% 8% 9% 11% 7% 6% 3% 6%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 11 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? HEALTHCARE

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 2% 3% 4% 3% 3% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 2% 8% 10% 10% 8% 13% 12% 19% 19% 12% 17% 16% 18% 20% 25% 14% 25% 38% 23% 18% 25% 30% 24% 26% 22% 21% 30% 39% 36%

26% 52% 51% 53% 37% 53% 45% 50% 46% 51% 46% 44% 52% 42% 35% 41%

22% 21% 23% 17% 13% 12% 9% 9% 8% 7% 7% 4% 5% 7% 4% 3% 1%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 12 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 1% 1% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 8% 6% 7% 9% 9% 10% 8% 12% 9% 16% 16% 16% 14% 20% 21% 8% 13% 16% 13% 15% 19% 17% 20% 16% 30% 23% 26% 18% 17% 21% 35% 50% 54% 54% 53% 58% 55% 53% 52% 51% 45% 52% 39% 46% 51% 37%

33% 23% 25% 13% 17% 17% 14% 15% 14% 15% 17% 12% 8% 10% 8%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 13 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? PROVISION OF LAW AND ORDER

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 4% 3% 4% 4% 5% 4% 2% 3% 4% 5% 4% 4% 2% 3% 12% 8% 9% 9% 14% 11% 8% 16% 18% 19% 13% 19% 15% 22% 15% 11% 10% 19% 23% 22% 39% 18% 21% 21% 29% 25% 28% 27%

24% 51% 54% 49% 53% 50% 50% 34% 52% 50% 49% 44% 48% 50% 46% 32%

25% 27% 23% 22% 20% 16% 11% 14% 11% 10% 7% 7% 5% 4% 6% 3% 2%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 14 Thinking now about the following, would you rate the situation in your area as good or bad? And would you say very good or very bad or just good/bad? TRANSPARENCY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer

East West South 3% 7% 6% 6% 8% 5% 7% 6% 5% 6% 9% 9% 12% 10% 9% 21% 15% 15% 11% 7% 17% 15% 23% 12% 19% 19% 12% 19% 14% 14% 41% 13% 21% 21% 20% 21% 22% 25% 21% 30% 29% 20%

49% 20% 51% 56% 51% 33% 51% 48% 52% 49% 49% 45% 51% 39% 43% 30% 24% 19% 20% 14% 16% 8% 11% 9% 9% 5% 5% 3% 6% 7% 4% 1% 2%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center 15 East West South 1% 1% 3% 3% 2% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 6% 1% 4% 4% Thinking about your 10% 8% 11% 9% 11% 8% 11% 10% 18% 14% 16% 13% 17% personal situation for 25% 31% you and your family, 39% 41% 36% 40% 48% 48% 44% 53% 41% over the past year 52% 48% 50% 50% has…improved, stayed 56% 43% the same, or worsened? 50% 50% 48% 54% 42% 40% 40% 41% 35% 32% 33% 31% 32% THE OVERALL WELL- 15% 22% BEING OF YOUR

FAMILY Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improved Same Worsened Don't know/Refused to answer

East West South

In the next year, do 36% 36% 38% 39% 43% 40% 41% 41% 43% 38% 47% 48% 44% 51% you expect that…will 59% 1% 1% improve, stay the 2% 2% 2% 6% 11% 14% 11% 2% 5% 4% 3% 2% same, or worsen? 3% 17% 9% 2% 11% 10% 12% 10% 11% 12% 10% 17% 8% 4% THE OVERALL WELL- 16% 8% 52% 50% 48% 46% 46% 46% 46% BEING OF YOUR 38% 42% 40% 38% 42% 44% FAMILY 24% 29%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improve Same Worsen Don't know/Refused to answer 16 East West South Thinking about your 2% 1% 3% 3% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 5% 1% 4% 4% 11% 8% 9% 12% 8% 13% 11% personal situation for 11% 19% 13% 15% 13% 16% 25% 31% you and your family, 37% 39% 42% 42% over the past year 45% 47% 50% 48% 41% 54% 48% 51% 51% has…improved, stayed the same, or 57% 42% worsened? 49% 49% 53% 41% 46% 41% 39% 40% 36% 32% 35% 32% 33% 23% THE ECONOMIC 14% SITUATION OF YOUR FAMILY Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improved Same Worsened Don't know/Refused to answer

East West South

In the next year, do 36% 36% 38% 39% 43% 40% 40% 41% 38% you expect that…will 47% 48% 43% 45% 51% 59% improve, stay the 1% 1% 11% 3% 2% 5% 2% 4% 6% 14% 11% 3% 3% 2% same, or worsen? 3% 16% 10% 2% 11% 10% 9% 12% 12% 9% 17% 12% 9% 4% THE ECONOMIC 16% 8% SITUATION OF YOUR 53% 50% 48% 46% 46% 38% 43% 45% 40% 39% 41% 44% 45% FAMILY 24% 29%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improve Same Worsen Don't know/Refused to answer 17 East West South 1% 1% 3% 3% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 5% 1% 4% 4% 9% 6% 8% 11% 7% 12% 9% Thinking about your 12% 17% 12% 14% 12% 15% 23% personal situation for 32% you and your family, 39% 39% 36% 39% 45% 47% 42% 50% 40% over the past year 53% 47% 51% 51% 46% has…improved, stayed 40% the same, or 51% 55% 50% 55% worsened? 43% 43% 41% 43% 37% 33% 36% 32% 33% 28% 24% THE SAFETY OF YOUR FAMILY

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improved Same Worsened Don't know/Refused to answer

East West South

In the next year, do 36% 36% 38% 39% 40% 41% 41% 38% 47% 43% 48% 43% 44% 51% you expect that…will 59% 1% 1% 2% 2% 6% improve, stay the 11% 13% 11% 3% 5% 3% 4% 3% 2% 3% 17% 9% 2% 11% 10% 10% 11% same, or worsen? 12% 9% 17% 13% 8% 4% THE SAFETY OF 17% 8% 53% 50% 49% 46% 46% YOUR FAMILY 38% 43% 45% 41% 38% 41% 45% 45% 24% 29%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improve Same Worsen Don't know/Refused to answer 18 East West South 1% 1% 3% 3% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 5% 1% 4% 4% 11% 6% 11% 8% 10% 9% Thinking about your 11% 9% 18% 12% 15% 12% 15% personal situation for 24% 31% 41% 36% you and your family, 38% 41% 45% 46% 51% 49% over the past year 41% 54% 47% 50% 52% has…improved, stayed 57% 43% the same, or worsened? 50% 53% 48% 54% 42% 42% 40% 41% 37% 32% 36% 33% 33% 23% YOUR FAMILY’S 15% HEALTH

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improved Same Worsened Don't know/Refused to answer

East West South

36% 36% 38% 39% 40% 41% 41% 38% In the next year, do 47% 43% 48% 43% 45% 51% 59% you expect that…will 1% 1% 11% 2% 3% 5% 2% 4% 6% improve, stay the 14% 12% 2% 4% 2% 2% 16% 9% 2% 11% 10% 9% 12% same, or worsen? 12% 9% 17% 12% 8% 4% 17% 8% YOUR FAMILY’S 53% 50% 47% 46% 46% 46% 38% 42% 40% 38% 41% 44% 45% HEALTH 25% 29%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improve Same Worsen Don't know/Refused to answer 19 East West South 2% 1% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 5% 1% 4% 4% Thinking about your 10% 6% 12% 8% 11% 9% 11% 18% 8% 12% 14% 15% 13% 22% personal situation for 31% you and your family, 41% 36% 39% 41% 49% 45% 47% 51% over the past year 41% 53% 48% 50% 52% has…improved, stayed 59% 43% the same, or worsened? 49% 52% 48% 54% 41% 41% 40% 42% 37% 32% 35% 32% 32% THE EDUCATION 15% 22% AVAILABLE TO YOUR

FAMILY Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improved Same Worsened Don't know/Refused to answer

East West South

In the next year, do 36% 36% 38% 39% 40% 40% 41% 38% you expect that…will 47% 43% 48% 43% 44% 51% 59% improve, stay the 1% 1% 11% 3% 2% 5% 3% 4% 6% same, or worsen? 14% 11% 2% 3% 2% 3% 16% 9% 3% 11% 10% 9% 12% 12% 9% 17% 12% 8% 4% THE EDUCATION 17% 8% AVAILABLE TO YOUR 52% 49% 48% 46% 46% 46% 38% 43% 40% 38% 41% 45% 45% FAMILY 25% 29%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center Improve Same Worsen Don't know/Refused to answer 20 Top Issues What is the single most important issue in your area? (Spontaneous response)

East West South

5% 7% 7% 6% 4% 8% 9% 10% 11% 10% 6% 10% 2% 12% 3% 15% 1% 1% 3% 2% 18% 5% 4% 1% 1% Don’t know/Refused 3% 3% 5% 1%3% 1% 2% 1%1% 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% to answer 2% 5% 3% 1% 1% 3% 2% 2% 5% 3% 4% 4% 2% 1% 2% 2% 4% 15% 5% 13% 19% Other 3% 6% 10% 5% 1% 11% 2% 2% 10% 3% 22% 13% 3% 20% 23% 26% None 22% 49% 17% 27% 29% 31% 30% 19% 30% 15% 38% 29% Poor leadership/ 13% Political stalemate 23% 21% Corruption/Nepotism 20% 23% 11%

Security 21% 46% 47% 48% 43% 42% 41% Economy 40% 41% 39% 37% 39% 33% 30% 33% 17% Poor government services

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Poor government services includes “Poor infrastructure;” “Poor service delivery;” “Poor healthcare/Lack of medicine” Economy includes “Cash shortage;” “High cost of living;” “Unemployment;” “Poverty” Security includes “Lack of security;” “Militias and gangs;” “Weapons;” “Lack of law enforcement;” “Extremism/Terrorism” 22 Approval Ratings Would you say that…is doing a good job or a bad job? And would that be very/somewhat good/bad? (Total “good job” shown)

Government of National House of Libyan Interim Municipality Accord Representatives Government Al Bayda 20% 23% 28% Benghazi 22% 29% 33% East Derna 17% 20% 23% Tobruk 25% 30% 35% Shahat 26% 26% 35% Misrata 31% 19% 24% Sabratha 24% 16% 19% Sirte 17% 14% 12% West Souq al Jouma 31% 16% 19% Surman 25% 17% 18% Tajoura 27% 13% 16% Tripoli Center 23% 14% 18% Ghadamis 20% 14% 16% South Ghat 13% 9% 12% Sabha 15% 11% 12%

24 Local Governance Do any of the following bodies exist in your area? (Multiple responses accepted)

Don’t Know/Refused Local Council Tribal Leaders/Elders Council Military Council Security Directorate Social Council Shura Council to answer Al Bayda 39% 28% 15% 12% 7% 6% 35% Benghazi 32% 22% 28% 14% 12% 8% 42% Derna 25% 21% 14% 12% 8% 9% 44% East Tobruk 46% 28% 18% 16% 9% 8% 34% Shahat 39% 23% 17% 12% 9% 7% 41% Misrata 38% 24% 19% 17% 13% 11% 45% Sabratha 35% 14% 12% 15% 11% 9% 48% Sirte 27% 20% 14% 8% 6% 5% 49% Souq al Jouma 39% 7% 6% 8% 6% 4% 53% West Surman 40% 13% 10% 10% 8% 6% 43% Tajoura 34% 10% 13% 14% 7% 7% 52% Tripoli Center 24% 7% 7% 9% 6% 4% 66% Ghadamis 33% 24% 10% 9% 8% 12% 43% Ghat 32% 38% 6% 8% 7% 6% 39% South Sabha 47% 40% 13% 17% 11% 10% 34%

26 Which of the following is primarily responsible for providing security in your area?

East West South

9% 11% 10% 13% 15% 15% 17% 6% 20% 20% 22% 7% 27% 28% 28% 25% 8% 2%1% 30% 1% 3% 3% 7% 15% 3% 10% 19% 9% 11% 18% 14% 1% 5% 4% 31% 18% 1% 16% 18% 28% 7% 9% 2% 25% 49% 20% 19% 10% 24% 1% 20% 1% 12% 7% 2% 1% 13% 4% 3% 11% 11% 18% 3% 7% 11% 3% 6% 31% 13% 9% 62% 12% 36% 22% 49% 30% 35% 6% 46% 44% 28% 31% 42% 24% 6% 15% 10% 9% 15% 11% 11% 12% 9% 9% 7% 6% 8% 10%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Libyan National Army Police (Ministry of Interior) Police (Municipal council) Armed group Other No one Don’t Know/Refused to answer 27 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. SECURITY

Don’t Municipal National Tribal Council/ Civil Society/ Don’t Receive Armed Group Other Know/Refused Council Government Elders Social Council Service to answer Al Bayda 20% 26% 1% 8% 2% 7% 16% 20% Benghazi 19% 34% 2% 7% 2% 3% 12% 21%

East Derna 17% 27% 2% 6% 2% 10% 9% 26% Tobruk 18% 37% 3% 4% 1% 6% 9% 23% Shahat 18% 31% 2% 7% 1% 8% 11% 24% Misrata 24% 30% 3% 4% 4% 7% 6% 23% Sabratha 19% 27% 1% 4% 2% 13% 8% 26% Sirte 17% 26% 4% 5% 2% 19% 4% 23% Souq al 17% 29% 1% 7% 2% 12% 4% 29% West Jouma Surman 20% 26% 2% 4% 2% 12% 6% 30% Tajoura 19% 28% 1% 10% - 11% 5% 26% Tripoli 14% 31% 1% 5% 2% 10% 6% 31% Center Ghadamis 24% 23% 7% 3% 5% 10% 6% 24% Ghat 18% 20% 4% 2% 3% 23% 6% 24% South Sabha 18% 22% 1% 5% 4% 20% 6% 23%

28 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. HEALTH SERVICES

Don’t Municipal National Tribal Council/ Civil Society/ Don’t Receive Armed Group Other Know/Refused Council Government Elders Social Council Service to answer Al Bayda 21% 27% 1% 6% 2% 10% 13% 20% Benghazi 24% 33% 1% 5% 2% 5% 8% 22%

East Derna 20% 27% 2% 4% 3% 11% 7% 26% Tobruk 18% 39% 2% 2% 3% 8% 9% 20% Shahat 19% 35% 2% 3% - 10% 8% 24% Misrata 26% 31% 2% 1% 4% 8% 6% 22% Sabratha 23% 28% 1% 2% 3% 13% 5% 26% Sirte 21% 23% 2% 2% 2% 20% 5% 25% Souq al 18% 30% 1% 3% 2% 14% 4% 29%

West Jouma Surman 21% 27% 1% 1% 1% 13% 5% 31% Tajoura 22% 30% 1% 2% 2% 12% 5% 27% Tripoli 16% 31% 1% - 2% 12% 6% 32% Center Ghadamis 24% 28% 6% 1% 2% 15% 4% 21% Ghat 20% 21% 4% 1% 3% 25% 6% 22% South Sabha 21% 23% 0% 3% 5% 19% 7% 23%

29 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. EDUCATION SERVICES

Don’t Municipal National Tribal Council/ Civil Society/ Don’t Receive Armed Group Other Know/Refused Council Government Elders Social Council Service to answer Al Bayda 22% 30% 1% 6% 2% 7% 12% 19% Benghazi 21% 34% 1% 6% 2% 5% 10% 22%

East Derna 20% 30% 2% 4% 2% 9% 8% 26% Tobruk 18% 39% 2% 2% 3% 7% 9% 21% Shahat 19% 36% 2% 3% - 8% 8% 25% Misrata 26% 33% 2% 2% 4% 7% 7% 21% Sabratha 23% 29% 1% 2% 2% 11% 5% 27% Sirte 21% 25% 2% 2% 3% 18% 4% 25% Souq al 18% 32% 1% 3% 2% 12% 4% 29% West Jouma Surman 21% 28% 2% 1% - 11% 6% 32% Tajoura 22% 36% 1% 2% 1% 7% 5% 26% Tripoli 15% 36% 1% - 2% 7% 6% 32% Center Ghadamis 25% 32% 5% 1% 2% 10% 4% 22% Ghat 20% 22% 4% 1% 3% 22% 6% 23% South Sabha 20% 26% - 3% 4% 17% 7% 23%

30 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES

East Derna 20% 24% 2% 4% 2% 17% 7% 24% Tobruk 18% 34% 2% 2% 3% 14% 8% 19% Shahat 20% 29% 2% 3% 1% 15% 6% 24% Misrata 27% 25% 3% 2% 4% 12% 6% 21% Sabratha 22% 25% 1% 2% 2% 19% 4% 26% Sirte 20% 22% 3% 2% 2% 24% 4% 23% Souq al 19% 25% 1% 4% 2% 18% 3% 29%

West Jouma Surman 23% 24% 2% 2% 1% 15% 5% 30% Tajoura 23% 24% 1% 2% - 21% 3% 26% Tripoli 17% 29% 1% 1% 2% 14% 5% 32% Center Ghadamis 25% 22% 5% 1% 2% 23% 3% 20% Ghat 18% 20% 4% 1% 3% 26% 6% 22% South Sabha 20% 21% - 2% 4% 25% 6% 23%

31 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. PUBLIC SANITATION

Don’t Municipal National Tribal Council/ Civil Society/ Don’t Receive Armed Group Other Know/Refused Council Government Elders Social Council Service to answer Al Bayda 23% 22% 1% 6% 2% 14% 11% 21% Benghazi 26% 28% 2% 5% 1% 6% 8% 24% Derna 19% 24% 2% 4% 2% 15% 8% 27% East Tobruk 20% 32% 3% 2% 2% 11% 8% 22% Shahat 21% 28% 2% 3% 1% 13% 6% 27% Misrata 29% 25% 3% 1% 4% 10% 6% 22% Sabratha 24% 22% 1% 2% 2% 17% 5% 27% Sirte 20% 23% 3% 2% 2% 21% 5% 25% Souq al 18% 27% 1% 3% 1% 17% 4% 29%

West Jouma Surman 21% 24% 2% 1% 2% 16% 4% 32% Tajoura 22% 27% 1% 1% 1% 17% 5% 27% Tripoli 16% 30% 1% 1% 2% 12% 6% 33% Center Ghadamis 26% 22% 5% 1% 2% 18% 3% 23% Ghat 19% 19% 4% 1% 3% 26% 6% 23% South Sabha 20% 21% 1% 3% 4% 22% 6% 23%

32 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. JUDICIAL SERVICES

Don’t Municipal National Tribal Council/ Civil Society/ Don’t Receive Armed Group Other Know/Refused Council Government Elders Social Council Service to answer Al Bayda 20% 29% 1% 7% 2% 9% 12% 20% Benghazi 20% 34% 1% 6% 2% 4% 10% 23%

East Derna 18% 28% 2% 4% 1% 13% 7% 27% Tobruk 16% 40% 3% 3% 2% 8% 8% 22% Shahat 18% 33% 3% 4% 1% 9% 8% 24% Misrata 25% 31% 3% 2% 3% 8% 7% 22% Sabratha 18% 30% 1% 2% 2% 13% 7% 28% Sirte 18% 27% 4% 2% 2% 21% 4% 23% Souq al 17% 31% 1% 4% 2% 13% 3% 29% West Jouma Surman 20% 26% 2% 1% 1% 12% 5% 32% Tajoura 17% 31% 2% 3% - 14% 4% 29% Tripoli 13% 33% 2% 1% 2% 12% 5% 33% Center Ghadamis 24% 27% 5% 1% 2% 13% 3% 24% Ghat 20% 20% 5% 1% 3% 23% 6% 23% South Sabha 17% 25% 2% 3% 4% 21% 6% 24%

33 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Don’t Municipal National Tribal Council/ Civil Society/ Don’t Receive Armed Group Other Know/Refused Council Government Elders Social Council Service to answer Al Bayda 21% 20% 1% 6% 2% 19% 10% 21% Benghazi 20% 26% 2% 6% 2% 14% 8% 23%

East Derna 18% 23% 2% 4% 3% 17% 7% 27% Tobruk 17% 32% 3% 2% 3% 15% 8% 22% Shahat 19% 26% 2% 3% 1% 18% 6% 25% Misrata 24% 26% 3% 2% 5% 14% 6% 21% Sabratha 21% 25% 1% 2% 2% 18% 5% 27% Sirte 21% 20% 3% 2% 2% 23% 4% 24% Souq al 18% 25% 1% 4% 2% 18% 3% 29% West Jouma Surman 20% 23% 3% 1% 1% 17% 4% 32% Tajoura 21% 26% 1% 1% 2% 16% 5% 29% Tripoli 14% 29% 1% - 3% 14% 5% 33% Center Ghadamis 25% 20% 5% 1% 3% 24% 3% 21% Ghat 18% 19% 4% 1% 3% 27% 6% 22% South Sabha 19% 19% - 3% 4% 25% 6% 23%

34 Now I am going to read a list of government services. For each one, please tell me which person or institution provides that service in your local area. CIVIL REGISTRATION AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS

Don’t Municipal National Tribal Council/ Civil Society/ Don’t Receive Armed Group Other Know/Refused Council Government Elders Social Council Service to answer Al Bayda 25% 28% 1% 6% 3% 7% 10% 20% Benghazi 27% 29% 2% 5% 4% 3% 8% 22%

East Derna 20% 27% 2% 4% 3% 10% 7% 28% Tobruk 23% 36% 2% 2% 3% 7% 8% 20% Shahat 23% 31% 2% 3% 3% 8% 7% 24% Misrata 29% 29% 3% 1% 5% 7% 6% 22% Sabratha 25% 26% 1% 2% 4% 11% 5% 27% Sirte 21% 25% 3% 2% 5% 17% 4% 24% Souq al 22% 27% 1% 4% 3% 12% 4% 29%

West Jouma Surman 24% 26% 2% 1% 2% 11% 4% 31% Tajoura 28% 30% 1% 1% 2% 7% 4% 27% Tripoli 18% 31% 1% - 3% 7% 5% 34% Center Ghadamis 31% 26% 5% 1% 3% 9% 3% 23% Ghat 20% 21% 4% 1% 3% 22% 6% 23% South Sabha 22% 23% 1% 3% 6% 17% 5% 23%

35 In your opinion, who is the most legitimate actor in representing constituents from your municipality?

Don’t Tribal Higher Libyan Libyan Gov’t of Municipal Civil House of Ministry of Armed Know/ Leaders/ Business Council of National Interim National No one Other Council Society Reps. Interior Group Refused Elders State Army Gov’t Accord to answer Al Bayda 4% 2% 11% 1% 1% 16% 6% 2% 2% 7% 1% 21% 26% Benghazi 3% 2% 6% 1% 3% 22% 7% 3% 1% 2% 1% 14% 1% 35% Derna East 4% 2% 9% 1% 2% 15% 6% 3% 2% 2% 1% 18% 34% Tobruk 7% 4% 11% 1% 13% 14% 4% 4% 1% 11% 32% Shahat 7% 3% 10% 3% 11% 6% 3% 2% 3% 1% 17% 34% Misrata 6% 2% 4% 1% 5% 3% 2% 1% 6% 7% 17% 1% 46% Sabratha 5% 2% 11% 2% 1% 7% 2% 7% 5% 17% 1% 39% Sirte 5% 5% 8% 1% 1% 4% 2% 2% 6% 4% 1% 25% 2% 35% Souq al

West Jouma 4% 1% 8% 1% 2% 3% 3% 3% 5% 7% 25% 1% 38% Surman 6% 2% 7% 1% 2% 5% 4% 1% 5% 7% 1% 23% 38% Tajoura 6% 2% 6% 1% 3% 1% 3% 2% 7% 6% 1% 25% 2% 36% Tripoli Center 4% 2% 5% 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% 3% 5% 2% 18% 1% 48% Ghadamis 7% 5% 10% 1% 3% 3% 4% 2% 4% 6% 1% 18% 1% 36% Ghat 7% 5% 17% 1% 2% 1% 1% 3% 2% 1% 29% 31% South Sabha 3% 5% 11% 2% 1% 7% 4% 1% 3% 6% 22% 2% 33%

36 Municipal Councils Does your area have a municipal council?

East West South

21% 23% 20% 20% 24% 27% 26% 28% 24% 25% 30% 33% 31% 34% 33%

10% 17% 17% 13% 18% 11% 12% 12% 14% 17% 9% 11% 24% 21% 27%

67% 63% 61% 61% 63% 63% 63% 63% 58% 58% 56% 58% 46% 48% 40%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer 38 Does your municipal council collect revenue/taxes from people in your area? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

East West South

13% 12% 14% 14% 11% 18% 20% 20% 21% 23% 23% 25% 24% 21% 30%

67% 75% 75% 71% 70% 80% 64% 67% 72% 70% 70% 63% 69% 71% 64%

16% 16% 11% 13% 15% 15% 13% 12% 8% 7% 6% 8% 8% 9% 9%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 39 Would you say that your municipal council is doing a good job or a bad job? And would that be very or somewhat good/bad? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't Know/Refused to answer East West South

11% 8% 10% 10% 8% 9% 14% 11% 15% 14% 11% 12% 16% 20% 16% 8% 11% 12% 8% 16% 12% 6% 6% 8% 14% 22% 14% 17% 14% 11% 8% 15% 25% 8% 15% 12% 8% 7% 6% 9% 12% 47% 15% 16% 55% 59% 55% 58% 60% 56% 44% 50% 9% 45% 56% 56% 36% 49% 42% 28% 21% 16% 16% 11% 13% 14% 16% 12% 13% 15% 7% 6% 9% 5% 4%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 40 Were the members of your municipal council elected? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council) East West South

16% 22% 21% 25% 21% 27% 28% 28% 30% 30% 34% 31% 42% 39% 40% 26% 23% 26% 25% 39% 38% 29% 39% 43% 37% 32% 35% 24% 31% 35%

58% 57% 48% 49% 39% 42% 42% 33% 33% 34% 34% 35% 30% 30% 26%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 41 Did you vote in this election? (Asked of those who said their area held an election) East West South 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 7%

43% 46% 51% 47% 48% 52% 56% 56% 53% 60% 58% 59% 67% 54% 72%

56% 55% 50% 50% 52% 48% 44% 44% 48% 38% 40% 39% 39% 31% 28%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=93); Benghazi (n=72); Derna (n=42); Tobruk (n=124); Shahat (n=104); Misrata (n=91); Sabratha (n=63); Sirte (n=50); Souq al Jouma (n=61); Surman (n=66); Tajoura (n=59); Tripoli Center (n=32); Ghadamis (n=72); Ghat (n=61); Sabha (n=80) 42 Are any of the municipal council members women? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council) East West South

22% 21% 20% 27% 28% 25% 27% 25% 28% 33% 32% 34% 35% 34% 38%

36% 46% 40% 41% 47% 33% 59% 65% 50% 44% 52% 43% 44% 45% 40%

37% 35% 32% 33% 33% 29% 24% 22% 23% 20% 21% 22% 20% 19% 15%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 43 Are any of the municipal council members under the age of 36? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council) East West South

44% 48% 50% 52% 53% 53% 57% 53% 54% 53% 53% 62% 68% 64% 65%

23% 31% 21% 22% 25% 21% 23% 23% 23% 23% 24% 15% 18% 11% 18%

29% 29% 25% 25% 26% 24% 23% 24% 24% 23% 19% 23% 23% 14% 18%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 44 How much would you say you know about your municipal council? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

A great deal A fair amount Not very much Nothing at all Don't Know/Refused to answer East West South

7% 6% 8% 9% 10% 11% 7% 6% 10% 13% 13% 16% 15% 17% 16%

30% 29% 31% 39% 36% 46% 37% 49% 27% 40% 53% 47% 40% 42% 44%

37% 33% 29% 29% 25% 32% 25% 29% 29% 23% 32% 32% 29% 20% 25%

21% 21% 20% 22% 23% 17% 15% 19% 13% 17% 14% 9% 12% 11% 16% 6% 6% 6% 8% 7% 7% 5% 4% 2% 1% 2% 2% 5% 1% 5%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 45 To what extent does your municipal council conduct its operations in a transparent and open manner? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

Very Somewhat Not very Not at all Don't Know/Refused to answer East West South

22% 18% 23% 27% 24% 23% 25% 24% 27% 25% 27% 28% 39% 36% 40%

16% 15% 15% 21% 17% 22% 20% 26% 23% 19% 31% 13% 14% 12% 51% 17% 9% 25% 27% 24% 12% 16% 16% 10% 15% 18% 30% 33% 32% 11% 10% 25% 32% 10% 26% 29% 23% 26% 11% 29% 19% 18% 18% 20% 17% 18% 14% 16% 16% 17% 15% 11% 13% 9% 12% 9% 7% 6% 8% 3%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 46 Are the meetings of your municipal council open to the public? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

East West South

24% 29% 28% 24% 29% 29% 29% 32% 33% 32% 36% 37% 36% 45% 50%

29% 27% 27% 35% 28% 35% 27% 35% 34% 31% 27% 34% 34% 29% 28% 33% 38% 33% 30% 28% 24% 30% 28% 27% 30% 23% 34% 19% 26% 16% 10% 11% 10% 9% 12% 11% 9% 13% 11% 7% 7% 4% 6% 8% 3%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes, most of them Some of them No, none of them Don't know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 47 At municipal council meetings, is there an opportunity to engage with members, give them feedback, ask them questions, and have them address your concerns? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

East West South

25% 27% 32% 36% 36% 32% 33% 39% 38% 40% 42% 38% 47% 46% 53%

30% 30% 27% 26% 25% 22% 32% 29% 25% 28% 27% 25% 25% 31% 25% 35% 35% 27% 29% 26% 23% 27% 22% 21% 32% 20% 28% 34% 18% 13%

12% 13% 10% 11% 13% 12% 12% 13% 8% 8% 5% 6% 9% 2% 7%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes, most of the time Some of the time No, never Don't know/Refused to Answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 48 How often do you hear from your municipal council? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

East West South

5% 9% 9% 9% 11% 13% 11% 13% 10% 12% 12% 13% 14% 17% 15%

22% 27% 21% 27% 31% 29% 38% 27% 30% 31% 39% 38% 31% 6% 6% 35% 46% 7% 12% 12% 9% 10% 9% 9% 5% 9% 7% 12% 5% 12% 11% 10% 7% 11% 13% 11% 8% 15% 12% 24% 8% 10% 19% 28% 12% 14% 16% 10% 20% 18% 8% 21% 27% 15% 19% 18% 22% 14% 18% 14% 28% 27% 23% 25% 20% 19% 21% 20% 15% 11% 11% 13% 12% 12% 15%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center At least once a week At least once a month At least once every two months At least once every six months I have never heard from my municipal council Don't know BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 49 Have you ever interacted with any of the staff of the municipal council? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council) East West South

6% 7% 6% 4% 4% 5% 4% 7% 6% 3% 4% 12% 11% 8% 10%

75% 74% 79% 78% 76% 78% 80% 83% 77% 78% 82% 72% 75% 78% 75%

22% 20% 18% 17% 18% 18% 12% 15% 16% 13% 14% 13% 16% 16% 15%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Yes No Don't Know/Refused to answer

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 50 In your opinion, how legitimate is your municipal council? (Asked of those who said their area had a municipal council)

A great deal A fair amount Not very much Not at all Don't Know/Refused to answer East West South

15% 16% 16% 17% 16% 20% 19% 21% 21% 24% 19% 30% 28% 26% 8% 34% 10% 6% 10% 5% 5% 2% 11% 4% 12% 17% 14% 19% 5% 5% 9% 9% 4% 5% 12% 8% 5% 12% 9% 4% 8% 5% 5% 36% 33% 3% 2% 33% 41% 40% 38% 27% 29% 35% 43% 28% 27% 35% 35% 42%

39% 36% 31% 31% 31% 32% 29% 28% 27% 29% 27% 25% 20% 19% 17%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

*BASE: Al Bayda (n=194); Benghazi (n=186); Derna (n=142); Tobruk (n=213); Shahat (n=184); Misrata (n=186); Sabratha (n=191); Sirte (n=150); Souq al Jouma (n=178); Surman (n=197); Tajoura (n=194); Tripoli Center (n=124); Ghadamis (n=173); Ghat (n=177); Sabha (n=193) 51 Media Thinking about your media habits, from which type of media are you most likely to get your news?

East West South 2% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 2% 6% 7% 1% 7% 5% 5% 5% 6% 5% 5% 1% 3% 1% 1% 3% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 5% 5% 3% 1% 4% 3% 5% 1% 3% 2% 3% 3% 2% 4% 5% 3% 3% 5% 5% 4% 5% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 5% 6% 6% 4% 8% 9% 6% 5% 5% 6% 10% 10% 6% 7% 8% 10% 9% 9% 6% 5% 8% 18% 23% 31% 30% 29% 32% 26% 35% 30% 32% 31% 39% 39% 39% 33%

62% 57% 52% 53% 51% 47% 47% 50% 43% 40% 41% 35% 37% 35% 35%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Television Social media Word of mouth Internet (non-social media) Radio Other None Don’t know/Refused to answer 53 How often do you use the Internet?

East West South

1% 3% 2% 4% 2% 4% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 4% 3% 8% 12% 10% 9% 11% 15% 14% 13% 18% 15% 13% 22% 19% 18% 6% 20% 9% 5% 8% 11% 7% 6% 2% 2% 5% 8% 7% 6% 3% 13% 2% 2% 3% 6% 2% 13% 11% 3% 7% 3% 6% 5% 16% 2% 4% 3% 16% 3% 15% 15% 15% 18% 16% 16% 23% 15% 14% 16% 16%

69% 70% 62% 60% 60% 59% 61% 56% 54% 58% 55% 56% 50% 51% 54%

Sirte Ghat Derna Sabha Tobruk Shahat Misrata Surman Al Bayda Tajoura Benghazi Sabratha Ghadamis

Souq al Jouma Tripoli Center

Every day A couple of times a week A few times a month Have internet access but use it rarely, if ever No internet access Don’t know/Refused to answer 54 Which of the following platforms do you use? (Multiple responses accepted)

Facebook WhatsApp Viber Twitter Instagram None of These Don’t Know/Refused

Al Bayda 75% 24% 39% 13% 17% 21% 1% Benghazi 78% 28% 52% 20% 29% 16% 3% Derna 73% 23% 36% 13% 15% 21% 2% East Tobruk 74% 30% 42% 12% 25% 20% 3% Shahat 73% 22% 43% 9% 19% 19% 2% Misrata 76% 29% 35% 15% 24% 16% 4% Sabratha 72% 25% 34% 12% 19% 20% 1% Sirte 78% 24% 53% 15% 25% 17% 2% Souq al Jouma 77% 26% 46% 15% 23% 18% 2% West Surman 68% 18% 41% 12% 19% 26% 2% Tajoura 79% 34% 55% 23% 32% 14% 3% Tripoli Center 82% 34% 55% 16% 39% 13% 2% Ghadamis 70% 18% 35% 7% 18% 27% 1% Ghat 71% 35% 42% 7% 21% 21% 3% South Sabha 72% 28% 42% 12% 15% 21% 4%

55 Demographics Demographics (1/3)

GENDER AGE ETHNICITY MARITAL STATUS 24 34 44 - - - No Yes 45+ Male Arab Tabu 18 25 35 Don’t Don’t Female Touareg Amazigh response response know/No know/No

AL BAYDA 66% 34% 15% 30% 29% 26% 98% 2% 62% 38% BENGHAZI 54% 46% 21% 30% 29% 19% 99% 1% 1% 57% 43% DERNA 59% 41% 15% 36% 26% 24% 98% 1% 62% 38% GHADAMIS 24% 76% 16% 31% 28% 26% 79% 13% 8% 65% 35% GHAT 12% 88% 18% 36% 25% 22% 65% 5% 28% 1% 58% 42% MISRATA 55% 45% 25% 32% 24% 19% 98% 2% <1% 61% 39% SABHA 63% 37% 16% 35% 21% 28% 91% <1% 5% 3% 1% 58% 42% SABRATHA 63% 37% 15% 33% 28% 25% 95% 5% 62% 38% SHAHAT 23% 77% 16% 27% 27% 30% 100% <1% 64% 36% SIRTE 60% 40% 23% 29% 26% 22% 98% 1% 1% 60% 40%

SOUQ AL JOUMA 53% 47% 19% 30% 24% 27% 98% 2% 62% 38%

SURMAN 20% 80% 15% 26% 32% 27% 99% 1% 68% 32% TAJOURA 55% 45% 20% 35% 23% 22% 98% 2% <1% 58% 42% TOBRUK 52% 48% 19% 28% 27% 26% 99% 1% 64% 36% 1%

TRIPOLI CENTER 49% 51% 26% 31% 23% 20% 94% 5% <1% 52% 47% 1%

*Not for Public Distribution 57 Demographics (2/3)

EDUCATION Illiterate/ Don’t Primary Adult No formal Elementary High school Madrassa Vocational College+ know/No school Education education response AL BAYDA 2% 3% 9% 21% 4% 7% 54% 1% BENGHAZI 1% 2% 9% 27% 4% 7% 50% 1% DERNA 2% 4% 10% 24% 1% 2% 9% 47% 1% GHADAMIS 5% 5% 9% 30% 1% 3% 7% 40% GHAT 5% 4% 9% 28% 2% 3% 5% 46% MISRATA 2% 3% 12% 25% 4% 9% 45% SABHA 3% 5% 13% 21% 4% 8% 46% 1% SABRATHA 1% 5% 7% 21% 4% 15% 46% 1% SHAHAT 3% 2% 9% 26% 1% 4% 8% 47% 1% SIRTE 3% 4% 7% 27% 1% 4% 9% 45% 1% SOUQ AL JOUMA 1% 2% 6% 23% 3% 14% 51% 1% SURMAN 4% 5% 12% 20% 3% 9% 47% TAJOURA 1% 1% 7% 19% 1% 5% 8% 59% TOBRUK 3% 2% 9% 29% 1% 3% 7% 46% TRIPOLI CENTER 1% 3% 7% 24% 4% 8% 53% *NOTE: While no recently updated statistics on education level and gross enrollment rate (GER) are available for Libya, according to UNESCO the tertiary GER in Libya was estimated at 61.14% in 2003. No evidence points to tertiary GER levels having dropped between 2003 and 2013. Indeed, the opposite is more likely to be true due to increased public spending between 2006 and 2011 (from 31% to 58% of GDP, according to the IMF). However, nationally representative surveys conducted by Altai suggest that enrollment in tertiary education may have begun to drop as security and public service provision in Libya have deteriorated. Results from 10 Altai surveys conducted between 2017 and 2018 suggest that the number of Libyans benefitting from a tertiary education has decreased and may now be closer to 53%. *Not for Public Distribution 58 Demographics (3/3)

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Don’s Full-time Part-time Student/ Housewife Retired Disabled Unemployed Other know/No (35≥ hrs/week) (<35 hrs/week) Intern response

AL BAYDA 32% 30% 16% 8% 3% 7% 5% BENGHAZI 30% 29% 18% 12% 2% 7% 2% DERNA 31% 29% 20% 8% 3% 9% 1% GHADAMIS 20% 28% 27% 9% 4% 2% 11% GHAT 19% 27% 32% 11% 2% 9% MISRATA 22% 33% 19% 12% 4% 7% 3% SABHA 24% 34% 17% 7% 5% 11% 1% 1% SABRATHA 30% 32% 16% 7% 4% 9% 3% SHAHAT 17% 28% 32% 11% 3% 8% 1% SIRTE 22% 34% 15% 13% 4% 10% 2% SOUQ AL JOUMA 25% 30% 19% 12% 5% 7% 2% SURMAN 18% 26% 33% 9% 2% 11% 1% TAJOURA 28% 30% 16% 12% 2% 9% 2% 2% TOBRUK 28% 30% 19% 11% 3% 8% 1% 1%

TRIPOLI CENTER 24% 29% 16% 17% 3% 9% 1% 1%

*Not for Public Distribution 59 Center for Insights in Survey Research 202.408.9450 | [email protected] www.IRI.org | @IRI_Polls